By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension

Before a student-athlete is allowed to join a sports team, they have to complete an annual physical to make sure there aren’t any underlying conditions that could keep them from being able to fully participate.

For beef producers who want their herd to be successful during the breeding season, that means an annual breeding soundness exam, which includes a semen check and overall health assessment by a veterinarian.

Kansas State University Beef Cattle&nbsp;Institute experts recommend producers complete this assessment around six weeks ahead of the time bulls will be turned out on pasture with the females. They also recommend producers look at records on the bulls, assess their current body condition, and study the animal’s movement.

“When making a decision about a bull beyond conducting a breeding soundness exam, it is good to look at the bull’s records and look for any changes in the measurement of his scrotal circumference,” K-State veterinarian Bob Larson said.

He said that a decrease in scrotal circumference in a mature bull could indicate a significant issue that needs further investigation.

“If there is a problem, the testicles can either be a little softer or harder than normal, and there could also be sperm defects that will be noticed under a microscope,” Larson said.

At that six-week evaluation, it is important to assess the bull’s body condition, K-State beef cattle&nbsp;nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said.

“Going into the breeding season, the bulls should be at a body condition score six, which is a little above average,” Lancaster said. “We want them to be a little over-conditioned now because, during the breeding season, they will expel a lot of energy chasing females, causing them to lose weight.

”If bulls are in lighter condition, Lancaster recommends supplementing the bulls half to three-quarters of a percent of their body weight to get them to gain half a pound per day during the next 30 days.

“If the bulls are extra thin coming off grass in the summer, then the producer will need to get them back in condition next fall and winter,” Lancaster said.

Along with scrotal circumference, semen evaluation, and body condition, bulls should be routinely checked for feet and leg movement, K-State veterinarian Brian Lubbers said.

“If you are detecting upper limb lameness six weeks out, that is going to be hard to correct between now and pasture turnout,” Lubbers said. “Injuries can happen anytime, so bulls need to be continually assessed for their movement.”

To do that Lubbers recommends studying how the bulls walk coming to and leaving the chute. “If the bull has a foreign body in the foot like a rock or nail, or a sole abscess, we can correct those now so that he will likely be sound in the next six weeks,” Lubbers said.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor&nbsp;an Agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor&nbsp;an Agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood ExtensionBefore a student-athlete is allowed to join a sports team, they have to complete an annual physical to make sure there aren’t any underlying conditions that could keep them from being able to fully participate.For beef producers who want their herd to be successful during the breeding season, that means an annual breeding soundness exam, which includes a semen check and overall health assessment by a veterinarian.Kansas State University Beef Cattle&nbsp;Institute experts recommend producers complete this assessment around six weeks ahead of the time bulls will be turned out on pasture with the females. They also recommend producers look at records on the bulls, assess their current body condition, and study the animal’s movement.“When making a decision about a bull beyond conducting a breeding soundness exam, it is good to look at the bull’s records and look for any changes in the measurement of his scrotal circumference,” K-State veterinarian Bob Larson said.He said that a decrease in scrotal circumference in a mature bull could indicate a significant issue that needs further investigation.“If there is a problem, the testicles can either be a little softer or harder than normal, and there could also be sperm defects that will be noticed under a microscope,” Larson said.At that six-week evaluation, it is important to assess the bull’s body condition, K-State beef cattle&nbsp;nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said.“Going into the breeding season, the bulls should be at a body condition score six, which is a little above average,” Lancaster said. “We want them to be a little over-conditioned now because, during the breeding season, they will expel a lot of energy chasing females, causing them to lose weight.”If bulls are in lighter condition, Lancaster recommends supplementing the bulls half to three-quarters of a percent of their body weight to get them to gain half a pound per day during the next 30 days.“If the bulls are extra thin coming off grass in the summer, then the producer will need to get them back in condition next fall and winter,” Lancaster said.Along with scrotal circumference, semen evaluation, and body condition, bulls should be routinely checked for feet and leg movement, K-State veterinarian Brian Lubbers said.“If you are detecting upper limb lameness six weeks out, that is going to be hard to correct between now and pasture turnout,” Lubbers said. “Injuries can happen anytime, so bulls need to be continually assessed for their movement.”To do that Lubbers recommends studying how the bulls walk coming to and leaving the chute. “If the bull has a foreign body in the foot like a rock or nail, or a sole abscess, we can correct those now so that he will likely be sound in the next six weeks,” Lubbers said.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Bull evaluation

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension

It’s late April and the wheat crop is barreling into the flag leaf growth stages in many parts of the state. The rainy weather over the last week has growers wondering what the stripe rust outlook is now going forward. Some producers are likely considering the need for a flag leaf fungicide application. 

The good news is that, even though we’ve received some moisture, the risk for stripe rust in the state remains low, says Kelsey-Anderson Onofre, K-State Extension plant pathologist. Scouting efforts should continue over the next two weeks. 

In this article, Kelsey will walk through some of the reasons for the current low stripe rust risk and other diseases to be thinking about in wheat right now.

The risk of stripe rust in Kansas remains low for 2025. On March 27, K-State reported that it was shaping up to be a low stripe rust year in Kansas. That trend still appears to be holding true. 

Stripe rust has been active at low levels in Texas since February, but conditions have not been favorable for disease development. This is important because stripe rust does not survive the winter in Kansas and needs to work its way up from the south annually.&nbsp;Low disease pressure in Texas means fewer spores are available to make their way north to Kansas. 

Additionally, at the time of this report, only trace levels of stripe rust were reported in Oklahoma. 

The first stripe rust detection in Kansas was recently reported on April 28 in Ford County. For reference, in years when stripe rust is an issue, it is generally detected in Kansas before April 15. 

With all of this in mind, we believe it will be difficult for stripe rust to establish and “catch up” at this point in the season, says Kelsey. Because of this, the risk of stripe rust remains low in the state. As a reminder, the probability of a positive return on a fungicide application greatly diminishes when disease pressure is absent. 

That said, producers should continue to scout and report any occurrences through the remainder of the season. These next two weeks will be critical for much of the state.

Should growers be worried about leaf rust? Reports from Texas indicate that leaf rust is active. 

As a reminder, leaf rust is a disease that typically shows up late in the season in Kansas (heading to flowering) due to its preference for slightly warmer temperatures. It is possible for leaf rust to occasionally survive the winter in Kansas. Watching for leaf rust development over the next few weeks will be important. Now is also a good time to check your variety resistance level to this disease, google “<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2024_MF991.pdf">KS Wheat Variety Guide 2024</a>”.

Let’s turn our attention to the scab risk over the coming weeks. Wheat fields planted into corn residue are at the highest risk. Wet weather over the next couple of weeks will be critical for determining scab risk in the state. 

As a reminder, scab infection occurs at flowering, but symptoms are often not visible for 14-21 days after infection. Because of this, you cannot scout for scab the way you would stripe rust or other foliar diseases. Fungicide decisions need to be&nbsp;made according to weather-based risk and the field’s yield potential. However, if wheat was not planted into corn residue, your risk of scab is low.

Fungicides are most effective against scab when applied at early flowering (Feekes 10.5.1), but can provide protection even when used later in the flowering window. It is very important to pay attention to pre-harvest intervals at this point of the season and follow guidelines provided on product labels.

Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Extension Plant Pathologist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood ExtensionIt’s late April and the wheat crop is barreling into the flag leaf growth stages in many parts of the state. The rainy weather over the last week has growers wondering what the stripe rust outlook is now going forward. Some producers are likely considering the need for a flag leaf fungicide application. The good news is that, even though we’ve received some moisture, the risk for stripe rust in the state remains low, says Kelsey-Anderson Onofre, K-State Extension plant pathologist. Scouting efforts should continue over the next two weeks. In this article, Kelsey will walk through some of the reasons for the current low stripe rust risk and other diseases to be thinking about in wheat right now.The risk of stripe rust in Kansas remains low for 2025. On March 27, K-State reported that it was shaping up to be a low stripe rust year in Kansas. That trend still appears to be holding true. Stripe rust has been active at low levels in Texas since February, but conditions have not been favorable for disease development. This is important because stripe rust does not survive the winter in Kansas and needs to work its way up from the south annually.&nbsp;Low disease pressure in Texas means fewer spores are available to make their way north to Kansas. Additionally, at the time of this report, only trace levels of stripe rust were reported in Oklahoma. The first stripe rust detection in Kansas was recently reported on April 28 in Ford County. For reference, in years when stripe rust is an issue, it is generally detected in Kansas before April 15. With all of this in mind, we believe it will be difficult for stripe rust to establish and “catch up” at this point in the season, says Kelsey. Because of this, the risk of stripe rust remains low in the state. As a reminder, the probability of a positive return on a fungicide application greatly diminishes when disease pressure is absent. That said, producers should continue to scout and report any occurrences through the remainder of the season. These next two weeks will be critical for much of the state.Should growers be worried about leaf rust? Reports from Texas indicate that leaf rust is active. As a reminder, leaf rust is a disease that typically shows up late in the season in Kansas (heading to flowering) due to its preference for slightly warmer temperatures. It is possible for leaf rust to occasionally survive the winter in Kansas. Watching for leaf rust development over the next few weeks will be important. Now is also a good time to check your variety resistance level to this disease, google “<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2024_MF991.pdf">KS Wheat Variety Guide 2024</a>”.Let’s turn our attention to the scab risk over the coming weeks. Wheat fields planted into corn residue are at the highest risk. Wet weather over the next couple of weeks will be critical for determining scab risk in the state. As a reminder, scab infection occurs at flowering, but symptoms are often not visible for 14-21 days after infection. Because of this, you cannot scout for scab the way you would stripe rust or other foliar diseases. Fungicide decisions need to be&nbsp;made according to weather-based risk and the field’s yield potential. However, if wheat was not planted into corn residue, your risk of scab is low.Fungicides are most effective against scab when applied at early flowering (Feekes 10.5.1), but can provide protection even when used later in the flowering window. It is very important to pay attention to pre-harvest intervals at this point of the season and follow guidelines provided on product labels.Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Extension Plant Pathologist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Should you spray? Stripe rust, other wheat diseases to watch for in Kansas

For nine years I lived within five miles of the Pacific Ocean. I breathed its salt air, I lived for invigorating breezes that freshened every morning and evening. As often as I could, I stood with toes in foaming water and looked West into forever. Standing there, I saw infinity roll away and then roll back on the white wash of one returning wave after another. I thought I could never live anywhere I couldn’t see and hear the continual rising and falling of the sea.

It wasn’t long after I paused at the Pacific’s edge that last time, wondering how I could survive away from it that I discovered the answer to my question. After my family moved to Oklahoma, I reeled and foundered, trying to adjust and find a way to part from the ocean I loved.

For months, I clung to memories, sniffed bags filled with seaweed scented shells, and listened to audio tapes that replicated the sea’s pounding thunder. 

After a spell, I began to look around. A college friend lived in a balcony apartment overlooking a wheat field. One day I sat on the porch and watched wind move through a ripening wheat field. Those of you who’ve done the same know what I saw. An ocean, a swelling and falling ocean of grain rolling over the prairie. Once again I watched infinite waves roll in, one right after the other. My fascination with the scene before me puzzled this friend who’d grown up on a farm. However, former dwellers of a land near the sea recognize what I found that day.

Years later, more by far than I ever spent living near the ocean, I still miss watching rising and falling foam-capped grey-green water. I miss the tides, the waxing and waning of water and land. I miss the ocean’s roar, the feel of salt-tang wind against my face, the discovery of delicate shells beneath my feet.

But I no longer miss them too much. I discovered I live in an ancient sea bed. I find shells in pastures, limestone rocks, on roadsides, and on hillsides near my home. I find ammonite and clam imprints in the thousands of limestone posts fencing this region. Even better, I found the sea again.

Walking country roads of Kansas, I need listen only a short while before I hear the echo of ancient waves carried on the wind. When I stand on a hill overlooking somebody’s wheat field, I imagine myself perched at the edge of infinity listening to a roaring tide pour in. Nearby, wave after wave of rolling wheat reminds me that eons ago, this land where I now stand teemed with sea creatures great and small.

As I walk face first into the wind, I hear an ocean within as my own blood pounds and pulses in tune to the clamor without. This one-time child of the Pacific stands rooted in another ancient seabed, feeling eternity throb on a Kansas hillside.

Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745947901206.jpeg" alt="Logan area wheat field. Photo by Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Logan area wheat field. Photo by Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>By KAREN MADORINFor nine years I lived within five miles of the Pacific Ocean. I breathed its salt air, I lived for invigorating breezes that freshened every morning and evening. As often as I could, I stood with toes in foaming water and looked West into forever. Standing there, I saw infinity roll away and then roll back on the white wash of one returning wave after another. I thought I could never live anywhere I couldn’t see and hear the continual rising and falling of the sea.Surprise, life inevitably changes. It wasn’t long after I paused at the Pacific’s edge that last time, wondering how I could survive away from it that I discovered the answer to my question. After my family moved to Oklahoma, I reeled and foundered, trying to adjust and find a way to part from the ocean I loved.For months, I clung to memories, sniffed bags filled with seaweed scented shells, and listened to audio tapes that replicated the sea’s pounding thunder. After a spell, I began to look around. A college friend lived in a balcony apartment overlooking a wheat field. One day I sat on the porch and watched wind move through a ripening wheat field. Those of you who’ve done the same know what I saw. An ocean, a swelling and falling ocean of grain rolling over the prairie. Once again I watched infinite waves roll in, one right after the other. My fascination with the scene before me puzzled this friend who’d grown up on a farm. However, former dwellers of a land near the sea recognize what I found that day.Years later, more by far than I ever spent living near the ocean, I still miss watching rising and falling foam-capped grey-green water. I miss the tides, the waxing and waning of water and land. I miss the ocean’s roar, the feel of salt-tang wind against my face, the discovery of delicate shells beneath my feet.But I no longer miss them too much. I discovered I live in an ancient sea bed. I find shells in pastures, limestone rocks, on roadsides, and on hillsides near my home. I find ammonite and clam imprints in the thousands of limestone posts fencing this region. Even better, I found the sea again.Walking country roads of Kansas, I need listen only a short while before I hear the echo of ancient waves carried on the wind. When I stand on a hill overlooking somebody’s wheat field, I imagine myself perched at the edge of infinity listening to a roaring tide pour in. Nearby, wave after wave of rolling wheat reminds me that eons ago, this land where I now stand teemed with sea creatures great and small.As I walk face first into the wind, I hear an ocean within as my own blood pounds and pulses in tune to the clamor without. This one-time child of the Pacific stands rooted in another ancient seabed, feeling eternity throb on a Kansas hillside.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: An ocean

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;

Starting at age 30, our bodies naturally start to lose muscle mass. We lose about 3–5% every 10 years. You might not notice the effects at first. But over time, the reduced muscle mass leads to decreased strength. After a while, it can lead to a condition called sarcopenia.

With aging, you start losing muscle mass, muscle strength, and have some limitations with your activities.

Some muscle loss is expected with the natural aging process. But too much muscle loss can lead to mobility difficulties. Sarcopenia can make it harder to stand up from a chair, walk, open a jar, or carry groceries. It can also increase your risk of falling.

Certain factors may make muscle loss worse as you age. These include some chronic illnesses, a lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet. Hormonal changes that occur during menopause can also contribute.

Researchers estimate that 10–20% of older adults have sarcopenia. But testing people for sarcopenia can be tricky. That’s because there isn’t a widely agreed-upon method to measure muscle loss. It’s also not clear exactly how much muscle someone can lose before it leads to disability or injury. So an NIH-funded team of experts recently set out to better define sarcopenia and its impact on people’s health.

The team analyzed data from several studies that looked at thousands of people aged 65 and older. They focused on three different measures of muscle health: grip strength, walking speed, and lean body mass. Those with weaker grip strength and slower walking speed (less than 2.6 feet per second) showed higher risk of falls, mobility limitations, hip fractures, and death. But lean body mass was not linked with these outcomes. As a result, the researchers recommended using grip strength and walking speed to help assess sarcopenia.

As muscle loss worsens, so can sarcopenia’s effects. Because sarcopenia increases your risk of falling, those who have it are nearly twice as likely to be hospitalized as those without it. Sarcopenia increases the risk of broken bones and the loss of independence with age. It can also make it more difficult for your body to fight certain diseases, like cancer.

You can take steps to prevent too much muscle loss and weakness as you age. Getting enough physical activity is key. In particular, you need to have resistance training because this is going to help build your strength. Resistance training can include activities like push-ups, squats, or lifting weights.

A healthy diet can also help prevent or manage sarcopenia. Your body needs protein to build and maintain muscle. Eating a diet rich in protein can keep your muscles healthy as you age. Experts suggest eating at least 1.2 grams of protein for every two pounds of body weight to treat or manage sarcopenia.

While more research is needed, some dietary supplements have shown promise for preventing muscle loss when combined with diet and exercise. These include amino acids, fish oil, vitamin D, selenium, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids.

If you think you might have sarcopenia, talk with your doctor. They can help you make a plan to prevent further muscle loss and preserve your health and independence.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;Starting at age 30, our bodies naturally start to lose muscle mass. We lose about 3–5% every 10 years. You might not notice the effects at first. But over time, the reduced muscle mass leads to decreased strength. After a while, it can lead to a condition called sarcopenia.With aging, you start losing muscle mass, muscle strength, and have some limitations with your activities.Some muscle loss is expected with the natural aging process. But too much muscle loss can lead to mobility difficulties. Sarcopenia can make it harder to stand up from a chair, walk, open a jar, or carry groceries. It can also increase your risk of falling.Certain factors may make muscle loss worse as you age. These include some chronic illnesses, a lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet. Hormonal changes that occur during menopause can also contribute.Researchers estimate that 10–20% of older adults have sarcopenia. But testing people for sarcopenia can be tricky. That’s because there isn’t a widely agreed-upon method to measure muscle loss. It’s also not clear exactly how much muscle someone can lose before it leads to disability or injury. So an NIH-funded team of experts recently set out to better define sarcopenia and its impact on people’s health.The team analyzed data from several studies that looked at thousands of people aged 65 and older. They focused on three different measures of muscle health: grip strength, walking speed, and lean body mass. Those with weaker grip strength and slower walking speed (less than 2.6 feet per second) showed higher risk of falls, mobility limitations, hip fractures, and death. But lean body mass was not linked with these outcomes. As a result, the researchers recommended using grip strength and walking speed to help assess sarcopenia.As muscle loss worsens, so can sarcopenia’s effects. Because sarcopenia increases your risk of falling, those who have it are nearly twice as likely to be hospitalized as those without it. Sarcopenia increases the risk of broken bones and the loss of independence with age. It can also make it more difficult for your body to fight certain diseases, like cancer.You can take steps to prevent too much muscle loss and weakness as you age. Getting enough physical activity is key. In particular, you need to have resistance training because this is going to help build your strength. Resistance training can include activities like push-ups, squats, or lifting weights.A healthy diet can also help prevent or manage sarcopenia. Your body needs protein to build and maintain muscle. Eating a diet rich in protein can keep your muscles healthy as you age. Experts suggest eating at least 1.2 grams of protein for every two pounds of body weight to treat or manage sarcopenia.While more research is needed, some dietary supplements have shown promise for preventing muscle loss when combined with diet and exercise. These include amino acids, fish oil, vitamin D, selenium, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids.If you think you might have sarcopenia, talk with your doctor. They can help you make a plan to prevent further muscle loss and preserve your health and independence.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Keep your muscles healthy as you age, slow sarcopenia

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Musk thistle is usually a biennial or winter annual, but it will occasionally occur as a summer annual. 

As a biennial, it produces a rosette the first year and develops flowers and seeds the second year. As a summer annual, this thistle completes its life cycle from germination through seed production in the same growing season. Seedlings may emerge anytime during the growing season, but the plants usually remain in the rosette stage for about 90% of their life cycle.

Musk thistle usually begins flowering in May and may bloom from seven to nine weeks. Seed dispersal begins seven to ten days after a head begins to bloom and an average of 11,000 seeds can be produced per plant with around 5,000 of the seeds capable of germination.

Musk thistle was declared a noxious week in Kansas in 1963. Kansas law requires all persons and organizations prevent its spread and eradicate it.

There are several different methods for controlling thistle. 

The first line of defense is proper grazing management. Invasion of thistle is slowed on grasslands that are properly stocked to maintain a good cover of competing vegetation. 

Burning does not control the thistle, but it makes control more effective. Burn according to your burn plan, and then spray 10-14 days after. 

For the most effective control, apply herbicides while the musk thistle is in the rosette stage and actively growing, usually early May. For fall, October 1 to soil freeze is an excellent time. During the fall, most musk thistles are in the rosette stage and are most susceptible to herbicides. Use herbicides when they are growing rapidly under good soil moisture and favorable air temperatures (70-90 degrees F). A 6-12 hours rain-free period after application at the recommended rate is adequate to allow herbicide absorption.

For control in pastures that have a scattered issue, you can remove them by hand. Dig the plant below the crown to prevent further development. Dig, remove the plant, and burn the flowers that are in late bud or bloom stage. 

Research shows that mowing is the most effective at full bloom, but must be repeated as necessary for effective control.

For questions over what herbicides are labeled for use, consult K-State Research and Extension’s Chemical Weed Control guide. It's available online or you can pick up a copy at most Extension offices. Column adapted from publication L-231.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictMusk thistle is usually a biennial or winter annual, but it will occasionally occur as a summer annual. As a biennial, it produces a rosette the first year and develops flowers and seeds the second year. As a summer annual, this thistle completes its life cycle from germination through seed production in the same growing season. Seedlings may emerge anytime during the growing season, but the plants usually remain in the rosette stage for about 90% of their life cycle.Musk thistle usually begins flowering in May and may bloom from seven to nine weeks. Seed dispersal begins seven to ten days after a head begins to bloom and an average of 11,000 seeds can be produced per plant with around 5,000 of the seeds capable of germination.Musk thistle was declared a noxious week in Kansas in 1963. Kansas law requires all persons and organizations prevent its spread and eradicate it.There are several different methods for controlling thistle. The first line of defense is proper grazing management. Invasion of thistle is slowed on grasslands that are properly stocked to maintain a good cover of competing vegetation. Burning does not control the thistle, but it makes control more effective. Burn according to your burn plan, and then spray 10-14 days after. For the most effective control, apply herbicides while the musk thistle is in the rosette stage and actively growing, usually early May. For fall, October 1 to soil freeze is an excellent time. During the fall, most musk thistles are in the rosette stage and are most susceptible to herbicides. Use herbicides when they are growing rapidly under good soil moisture and favorable air temperatures (70-90 degrees F). A 6-12 hours rain-free period after application at the recommended rate is adequate to allow herbicide absorption.For control in pastures that have a scattered issue, you can remove them by hand. Dig the plant below the crown to prevent further development. Dig, remove the plant, and burn the flowers that are in late bud or bloom stage. Research shows that mowing is the most effective at full bloom, but must be repeated as necessary for effective control.For questions over what herbicides are labeled for use, consult K-State Research and Extension’s Chemical Weed Control guide. It's available online or you can pick up a copy at most Extension offices. Column adapted from publication L-231.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Musk thistle eradication

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension Agriculture Agent, about spring and summer lawn care.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650389030295.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Spring and summer lawn care calendar" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=wg7kn-188d74e-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension Agriculture Agent, about spring and summer lawn care.&nbsp;

🎙 Post Podcast: Spring, summer lawn care calendar

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;

Over the last ten years, stripe rust has been one of the most damaging wheat diseases in Kansas. 

There are several factors that contribute to the development and severity of stripe rust in our region within a given year. The stripe rust pathogen typically does not survive in Kansas over the winter but can survive in Texas through the winter months and make its way back north as the weather warms in the spring. Because of this, weather conditions in Texas can be important indicators of how bad stripe rust will be in Kansas.

Our K-State plant pathologists have received reports that low levels of stripe and leaf rust were active in College Station, TX, and Waco, TX, in late February. 

Currently they have not received any reports of stripe rust in Oklahoma or Kansas. Historically, stripe rust detections in Kansas prior to April 15 have been associated with bad stripe rust years. Scouting efforts over the next few weeks will be very important.

Conditions this fall/winter were dry in parts of Texas that are important for stripe rust overwintering. At K-State, they combine this information with several weather-based models to help forecast whether or not stripe rust will be widespread and yield limiting in Kansas. 

Right now, all models are indicating that the stripe rust risk is generally low for this year. Historically, years that begin like this have ended with lower-than-average yield losses in Kansas to this disease.

Of course, stripe rust severity in Kansas is still driven by weather conditions in the state in the late spring. Once stripe rust is detected in Kansas, cool evenings and extended periods of canopy moisture will be necessary for disease establishment at levels that would result in yield losses.

The disease situation can change rapidly, and it is important to continue to scout for signs of disease development as the season progresses. 

K-State Research &amp; Extension will continue to provide updates on stripe rust occurrence and weather outlook as we move toward critical growth stages for fungicide applications in Kansas over the next several weeks. Growers can also get these weekly updates by subscribing to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter, by googling it and subscribing.

If you detect any stripe rust please contact me, so we can use this information to update our surveillance maps for stipe rust detection. And of course, if you have any questions or need assistance please do not hesitate to reach out and contact me in the Cottonwood District office in Hays.

Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre and Erick DeWolf, K-State Extension plant pathologists.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1621099033810.jpeg" alt="Wheat stripe rust. Extension photo&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Wheat stripe rust. Extension photo&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;Over the last ten years, stripe rust has been one of the most damaging wheat diseases in Kansas. There are several factors that contribute to the development and severity of stripe rust in our region within a given year. The stripe rust pathogen typically does not survive in Kansas over the winter but can survive in Texas through the winter months and make its way back north as the weather warms in the spring. Because of this, weather conditions in Texas can be important indicators of how bad stripe rust will be in Kansas.Our K-State plant pathologists have received reports that low levels of stripe and leaf rust were active in College Station, TX, and Waco, TX, in late February. Currently they have not received any reports of stripe rust in Oklahoma or Kansas. Historically, stripe rust detections in Kansas prior to April 15 have been associated with bad stripe rust years. Scouting efforts over the next few weeks will be very important.What is the outlook for Kansas wheat? Conditions this fall/winter were dry in parts of Texas that are important for stripe rust overwintering. At K-State, they combine this information with several weather-based models to help forecast whether or not stripe rust will be widespread and yield limiting in Kansas. Right now, all models are indicating that the stripe rust risk is generally low for this year. Historically, years that begin like this have ended with lower-than-average yield losses in Kansas to this disease.Of course, stripe rust severity in Kansas is still driven by weather conditions in the state in the late spring. Once stripe rust is detected in Kansas, cool evenings and extended periods of canopy moisture will be necessary for disease establishment at levels that would result in yield losses.The disease situation can change rapidly, and it is important to continue to scout for signs of disease development as the season progresses. K-State Research &amp; Extension will continue to provide updates on stripe rust occurrence and weather outlook as we move toward critical growth stages for fungicide applications in Kansas over the next several weeks. Growers can also get these weekly updates by subscribing to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter, by googling it and subscribing.If you detect any stripe rust please contact me, so we can use this information to update our surveillance maps for stipe rust detection. And of course, if you have any questions or need assistance please do not hesitate to reach out and contact me in the Cottonwood District office in Hays.Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre and Erick DeWolf, K-State Extension plant pathologists.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMBELL: Outlook for stripe rust in 2025 Kansas wheat crop is optimistic

By TISA MASON FHSU President

Fort Hays State University (FHSU) prepares students to navigate life’s complexities by immersing them in an array of experiences that form the core of the Global Citizen Leader Program (GCLP). This pioneering initiative aims to cultivate engaged leaders who not only excel in their local communities but also make meaningful contributions on a global scale. Noah Erichsen and Stephany Rother are the first students to complete the program, and their remarkable journeys offer a glimpse into the profound impact of GCLP.

The GCLP requires students to complete courses and cross-cultural experiences and deliver a presentation reflecting on their learnings and experiences. The presentation aspect challenges students to bring their coursework and experiences together, to think critically about the world around them, and to articulate how they can create positive change.

Noah Erichsen, a senior from Ellsworth, Kansas, embodies the spirit of a global citizen leader. Growing up, Noah and his family traveled frequently. “Both my parents were retired, so we often took educational vacations in the summer to different monuments and parks, where I loved to learn. I am an Eagle Scout. I was able to go to the World Scout Jamboree in 2019. I was given two pen pals leading up to the jamboree—Caio, from Brazil, and Eve, from England. I was able to meet both of them at the Jamboree, and I have been able to go and spend time with them in Brazil and in the UK. These experiences made me want more, especially on a global scale.

Noah’s parents have been a strong source of inspiration. “Not only did they instill in me my morals, but they also showed me what true leadership looks like. My mother leads from behind; she is a teacher, educates, and watches others excel. She is the best listener, advice giver, and teacher one could have, which are key skills for a leader. My father leads from the front; he asks hard questions and expects full answers. Like my mother, he pushed me to be the best I can be. If the job wasn’t done 100%, it wasn’t done, and he made me go back and finish it. Work ethic and accountability are also key ingredients for a leader. Without them, I would not be remotely close to the leader I am today.”

His first exposure to FHSU was through his participation in the High Plains Music Camp for several years. “I had no idea where I wanted to go to college. However, I was completely sold with my on-campus tour with the History Dept, Music Dept, and Honors College. FHSU also offered the best scholarships and had the best faculty I met.”

Noah shared that through scouting and studying abroad in Barcelona, Spain, he has understood that we are not all that different. “Lines on a map do not define who we are. While in Spain, I still studied, made friends, laughed, researched, and presented. Being a student in another country still means being a student. You can lead from Hays, Barcelona, Brazil, or anywhere. My professor in Spain helped me see that my writing processes and research methods were just the same as hers. It’s almost like a universal language.”

Noah believes that global leadership is being able to lead no matter where you are or your situation. “Global leaders need to be adaptable, empathetic, and caring. We have to understand where others are coming from. Many cultures are different than ours, and we need to understand that and be adaptable in our approach. Overall, it is wildly the same. People respond the same, and people lead the same.”

Through the GCLP, Noah has synthesized his coursework and real-world experiences to articulate a vision for global leadership that transcends borders. Noah's travels, including a transformative study abroad program in Barcelona, reinforced the importance of adaptability and empathy—traits that he believes are critical for effective leaders.

His contributions to the local community, whether playing the pipe organ at church or advocating for students as a Student Government Association (SGA) leader, showcase his commitment to positive change. From co-authoring bills promoting inclusive facilities to improving camp participation for youth, Noah approaches leadership with an open heart. As he prepares for life beyond FHSU, he hopes to continue his advocacy work with organizations like the VFW Auxiliary and Scouting.

“Leadership takes on many different forms,” Noah explains, emphasizing that authentic leadership can manifest through simple acts of kindness. His focus on building connections and understanding across diverse cultures sets a powerful example of how one individual can drive change, no matter where they are.

Stephany Rother recently shared the impact of her experiences in the Global Citizen Leader Program with our University Communications team. With a focus on coursework, community engagement, and studying abroad, Stephany leveraged every opportunity to develop a nuanced understanding of cultural dynamics and global systems.

Her experiences, primarily in the U.K. and Greece, allowed her to dive deep into the realities of global economics, transforming theoretical knowledge into practical insight. Learning how different countries approach taxation and trade has expanded her economic understanding and highlighted the importance of cultural awareness in international dealings.

As Stephany continues her academic journey, the skills she acquired abroad have enriched her coursework in the U.S. and demonstrated how interconnected our world has become. Her story emphasizes that education can be a bridge to greater awareness and empathy, and that engaging with diverse perspectives is essential in shaping informed leaders for tomorrow.

Noah and Stephany represent the pioneering spirit of the Global Citizen Leader Program at FHSU. These two remarkable students embody the program’s mission to develop global citizens equipped to engage with the world. Their stories reflect a commitment to fostering understanding and collaboration—qualities that will serve them well as they navigate their futures.

Fort Hays State is committed to cultivating leaders who can impact global issues, and the new knowledge, skills, and achievements of these members of the program’s first cohort exemplify a significant step toward a more connected and compassionate world. In an ever-changing landscape, the GCL program's emphasis on education, community engagement, and cultural understanding lays the groundwork for future students and directly serves our mission to develop engaged citizen-leaders. The journeys of Noah and Stephany remind us that regardless of our physical locations, the power to lead and foster change knows no boundaries.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Tisa Mason, Fort Hays State University president. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Tisa Mason, Fort Hays State University president. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON FHSU PresidentFort Hays State University (FHSU) prepares students to navigate life’s complexities by immersing them in an array of experiences that form the core of the Global Citizen Leader Program (GCLP). This pioneering initiative aims to cultivate engaged leaders who not only excel in their local communities but also make meaningful contributions on a global scale. Noah Erichsen and Stephany Rother are the first students to complete the program, and their remarkable journeys offer a glimpse into the profound impact of GCLP.The GCLP requires students to complete courses and cross-cultural experiences and deliver a presentation reflecting on their learnings and experiences. The presentation aspect challenges students to bring their coursework and experiences together, to think critically about the world around them, and to articulate how they can create positive change.Noah Erichsen, a senior from Ellsworth, Kansas, embodies the spirit of a global citizen leader. Growing up, Noah and his family traveled frequently. “Both my parents were retired, so we often took educational vacations in the summer to different monuments and parks, where I loved to learn. I am an Eagle Scout. I was able to go to the World Scout Jamboree in 2019. I was given two pen pals leading up to the jamboree—Caio, from Brazil, and Eve, from England. I was able to meet both of them at the Jamboree, and I have been able to go and spend time with them in Brazil and in the UK. These experiences made me want more, especially on a global scale.Noah’s parents have been a strong source of inspiration. “Not only did they instill in me my morals, but they also showed me what true leadership looks like. My mother leads from behind; she is a teacher, educates, and watches others excel. She is the best listener, advice giver, and teacher one could have, which are key skills for a leader. My father leads from the front; he asks hard questions and expects full answers. Like my mother, he pushed me to be the best I can be. If the job wasn’t done 100%, it wasn’t done, and he made me go back and finish it. Work ethic and accountability are also key ingredients for a leader. Without them, I would not be remotely close to the leader I am today.”His first exposure to FHSU was through his participation in the High Plains Music Camp for several years. “I had no idea where I wanted to go to college. However, I was completely sold with my on-campus tour with the History Dept, Music Dept, and Honors College. FHSU also offered the best scholarships and had the best faculty I met.”Noah shared that through scouting and studying abroad in Barcelona, Spain, he has understood that we are not all that different. “Lines on a map do not define who we are. While in Spain, I still studied, made friends, laughed, researched, and presented. Being a student in another country still means being a student. You can lead from Hays, Barcelona, Brazil, or anywhere. My professor in Spain helped me see that my writing processes and research methods were just the same as hers. It’s almost like a universal language.”Noah believes that global leadership is being able to lead no matter where you are or your situation. “Global leaders need to be adaptable, empathetic, and caring. We have to understand where others are coming from. Many cultures are different than ours, and we need to understand that and be adaptable in our approach. Overall, it is wildly the same. People respond the same, and people lead the same.”Through the GCLP, Noah has synthesized his coursework and real-world experiences to articulate a vision for global leadership that transcends borders. Noah's travels, including a transformative study abroad program in Barcelona, reinforced the importance of adaptability and empathy—traits that he believes are critical for effective leaders.His contributions to the local community, whether playing the pipe organ at church or advocating for students as a Student Government Association (SGA) leader, showcase his commitment to positive change. From co-authoring bills promoting inclusive facilities to improving camp participation for youth, Noah approaches leadership with an open heart. As he prepares for life beyond FHSU, he hopes to continue his advocacy work with organizations like the VFW Auxiliary and Scouting.“Leadership takes on many different forms,” Noah explains, emphasizing that authentic leadership can manifest through simple acts of kindness. His focus on building connections and understanding across diverse cultures sets a powerful example of how one individual can drive change, no matter where they are.Stephany Rother recently shared the impact of her experiences in the Global Citizen Leader Program with our University Communications team. With a focus on coursework, community engagement, and studying abroad, Stephany leveraged every opportunity to develop a nuanced understanding of cultural dynamics and global systems.Her experiences, primarily in the U.K. and Greece, allowed her to dive deep into the realities of global economics, transforming theoretical knowledge into practical insight. Learning how different countries approach taxation and trade has expanded her economic understanding and highlighted the importance of cultural awareness in international dealings.As Stephany continues her academic journey, the skills she acquired abroad have enriched her coursework in the U.S. and demonstrated how interconnected our world has become. Her story emphasizes that education can be a bridge to greater awareness and empathy, and that engaging with diverse perspectives is essential in shaping informed leaders for tomorrow.Noah and Stephany represent the pioneering spirit of the Global Citizen Leader Program at FHSU. These two remarkable students embody the program’s mission to develop global citizens equipped to engage with the world. Their stories reflect a commitment to fostering understanding and collaboration—qualities that will serve them well as they navigate their futures.Fort Hays State is committed to cultivating leaders who can impact global issues, and the new knowledge, skills, and achievements of these members of the program’s first cohort exemplify a significant step toward a more connected and compassionate world. In an ever-changing landscape, the GCL program's emphasis on education, community engagement, and cultural understanding lays the groundwork for future students and directly serves our mission to develop engaged citizen-leaders. The journeys of Noah and Stephany remind us that regardless of our physical locations, the power to lead and foster change knows no boundaries.

Heart of a Tiger: Shaping global citizen leaders

Families pass down interesting customs that explain nothing or maybe everything about life. A peek out my front window to see a purple truck cab pulling a Navajo trailer delivered a tectonic memory jolt that set me sailing back 65 years in time, bringing my mom’s dad back to life. Grandpa Cliff believed in wildly pumping arms up and down to earn a honk at every opportunity, especially if the horn belonged to a Navajo truck.

When we were kiddoes, Grandma and Grandpa owned a dime-store fronting Highway 54 in southwest Kansas. Scores of semis passed every day. When Grandpa emerged from his upstairs office during our visits, he encouraged us to practice what I consider the Honkin’ Honker.

This manuever involves an arm bent at the elbow, extended away from the body, with fisted hand raised well above the head. Once in position, vigorously pump the arm up and down from the shoulder at least twice. Then wait a breath and repeat the action.

Once we mastered the technique, Grandpa told us to test our skills when a big truck rolled to a stop at the light. On lucky days, trucker drivers noticed scrawny arms pumping wildly and rewarded those efforts with air horn blasts that sent power surging through our systems!

Grandpa believed in triggering these explosive blasts as often as possible. Opportunities often presented when we sat the backseat of his Mercury, cruising anywhere from California to Kansas. When Clifford geared up to pass a semi, he’d alert us to position arms and fists. When truckers responded, all, including Grandma cheered like we’d won the World Series.

Of course, my hubs and I introduced these skills to our girls. Summer vacations involved one honking truck after another as our backseat blondes wielded their wiles on one driver after another.

Apparently, it was a lasting memory because they transferred the knack to their kids. A year ago, our youngest grands and I searched for fossils on a road grade south of town. In the distance, we heard big semis shifting gears as they pulled up that hill. In no time, all thoughts of prehistoric sea creatures vanished. With blonde hair flying in the Kansas breeze, they hollered, “Get your honkers up,” and positioned themselves with elbows bent, fists above heads, waiting for the exact moment to pump their arms.

Thank goodness, every trucker responded perfectly with two loud blasts from their air horns, sending those girls into cheering gales of laughter. Seeing that family legacy passed on nearly brought me to tears.

Grandpa grew to adulthood at the advent of combustion engines and Model Ts. Where’d he learn this magic? I never thought to ask. Our mom knew how to make those horns honk although I’m not sure the cause/effect lesson enthralled her as thoroughly as it did Grandpa.

Seeing that Navajo truck brought happy childhood recollections to life like a movie reel on a screen. The new memory of our grands getting their honkers out, using the very same technique Grandpa taught me left me with a smile that returns every time I think of it.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745336977301.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KAREN MADORINFamilies pass down interesting customs that explain nothing or maybe everything about life. A peek out my front window to see a purple truck cab pulling a Navajo trailer delivered a tectonic memory jolt that set me sailing back 65 years in time, bringing my mom’s dad back to life. Grandpa Cliff believed in wildly pumping arms up and down to earn a honk at every opportunity, especially if the horn belonged to a Navajo truck.When we were kiddoes, Grandma and Grandpa owned a dime-store fronting Highway 54 in southwest Kansas. Scores of semis passed every day. When Grandpa emerged from his upstairs office during our visits, he encouraged us to practice what I consider the Honkin’ Honker.This manuever involves an arm bent at the elbow, extended away from the body, with fisted hand raised well above the head. Once in position, vigorously pump the arm up and down from the shoulder at least twice. Then wait a breath and repeat the action.Once we mastered the technique, Grandpa told us to test our skills when a big truck rolled to a stop at the light. On lucky days, trucker drivers noticed scrawny arms pumping wildly and rewarded those efforts with air horn blasts that sent power surging through our systems!Grandpa believed in triggering these explosive blasts as often as possible. Opportunities often presented when we sat the backseat of his Mercury, cruising anywhere from California to Kansas. When Clifford geared up to pass a semi, he’d alert us to position arms and fists. When truckers responded, all, including Grandma cheered like we’d won the World Series.Of course, my hubs and I introduced these skills to our girls. Summer vacations involved one honking truck after another as our backseat blondes wielded their wiles on one driver after another.Apparently, it was a lasting memory because they transferred the knack to their kids. A year ago, our youngest grands and I searched for fossils on a road grade south of town. In the distance, we heard big semis shifting gears as they pulled up that hill. In no time, all thoughts of prehistoric sea creatures vanished. With blonde hair flying in the Kansas breeze, they hollered, “Get your honkers up,” and positioned themselves with elbows bent, fists above heads, waiting for the exact moment to pump their arms.Thank goodness, every trucker responded perfectly with two loud blasts from their air horns, sending those girls into cheering gales of laughter. Seeing that family legacy passed on nearly brought me to tears.Grandpa grew to adulthood at the advent of combustion engines and Model Ts. Where’d he learn this magic? I never thought to ask. Our mom knew how to make those horns honk although I’m not sure the cause/effect lesson enthralled her as thoroughly as it did Grandpa.Seeing that Navajo truck brought happy childhood recollections to life like a movie reel on a screen. The new memory of our grands getting their honkers out, using the very same technique Grandpa taught me left me with a smile that returns every time I think of it.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: Get your honkers up—A family legacy

By BECKY KISER Hays Post

The Hays Arts Council spring art walk was moved five years ago from Friday evenings for a few short hours to a full day on Saturdays.

It's been a boon to downtown businesses, says Brenda Meder, Hays Arts Council executive director, allowing art enthusiasts to also enjoy shopping at the local boutiques and restaurants.

"We want people to enjoy the art, but there's also the opportunity to pop into little stores, even if they're not on the art walk," she said.&nbsp;

Having it on the weekend also allows more out-of-town visitors to enjoy the art walk.&nbsp;

"It really allows you to savor it and make it a full day. We know we're contributing to the vitality and economic impact of downtown. community," Meder said.

The walk is anchored by the 56th annual Smoky Hill Art Exhibition in the Hays Arts Center.&nbsp;Fifty-six pieces from more than 270 submissions were selected by juror Jay D. Nelson.&nbsp;The exhibition will run through June 6.

The list of art stops is available online on the <a href="https://haysartscouncil.org/">Hays Arts Council website</a>, with media ranging from hand-turned wood vessels, jewelry design and a book signing to the more traditional paint, ceramics and photography.&nbsp;

Several culminating exhibits will be presented by Fort Hays State University art students. Hays High students will also have an art showcase at 809 Studio.

Two exhibits will be at Fort Hays State University in the Moss-Thorns Gallery of Art and the Taylor Gallery.&nbsp;

The FHSU Jazz Band will present a concert at 2 p.m. in the downtown pavilion, 10th and Main, where a chalk art station for the kids and young at heart will be set up, courtesy of the Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau.

After the art walk, performances will be presented that evening by the Hays Community Theatre with "Bus Stop" by William Inge and the FHSU "New Music Festival" concert.

<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Hays Arts Council Spring Art Walk" height="150" width="100%" style="border: none;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=uah9p-1881afa-pb&from=pb6admin&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=315" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745436986270.jpeg" alt="Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post</figcaption>
 </figure>By BECKY KISER Hays PostThe Hays Arts Council spring art walk was moved five years ago from Friday evenings for a few short hours to a full day on Saturdays.It's been a boon to downtown businesses, says Brenda Meder, Hays Arts Council executive director, allowing art enthusiasts to also enjoy shopping at the local boutiques and restaurants."We want people to enjoy the art, but there's also the opportunity to pop into little stores, even if they're not on the art walk," she said.&nbsp;Having it on the weekend also allows more out-of-town visitors to enjoy the art walk.&nbsp;"It really allows you to savor it and make it a full day. We know we're contributing to the vitality and economic impact of downtown. community," Meder said.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745437067046.jpeg" alt="Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745411149937.png" alt="Hays Arts Council" />
 <figcaption>Hays Arts Council</figcaption>
 </figure>The walk is anchored by the 56th annual Smoky Hill Art Exhibition in the Hays Arts Center.&nbsp;Fifty-six pieces from more than 270 submissions were selected by juror Jay D. Nelson.&nbsp;The exhibition will run through June 6.The list of art stops is available online on the <a href="https://haysartscouncil.org/">Hays Arts Council website</a>, with media ranging from hand-turned wood vessels, jewelry design and a book signing to the more traditional paint, ceramics and photography.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745437103797.jpeg" alt="Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Cristina Janney/Hays Post</figcaption>
 </figure>Several culminating exhibits will be presented by Fort Hays State University art students. Hays High students will also have an art showcase at 809 Studio.Two exhibits will be at Fort Hays State University in the Moss-Thorns Gallery of Art and the Taylor Gallery.&nbsp;The FHSU Jazz Band will present a concert at 2 p.m. in the downtown pavilion, 10th and Main, where a chalk art station for the kids and young at heart will be set up, courtesy of the Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau.After the art walk, performances will be presented that evening by the Hays Community Theatre with "Bus Stop" by William Inge and the FHSU "New Music Festival" concert.

🎙 Hays Arts Council Spring Art Walk set for Saturday

On April 2, Humanities Kansas (HK) was notified that the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) was suspended. As a result, HK has been forced to make immediate cuts to grants and programs across Kansas. The termination of federal funding puts HK resources at risk and will impact HK's ability to team up with local museums, libraries, and cultural organizations in communities of all sizes.&nbsp;As library leaders, we have been fielding questions from concerned community members wondering the impact of this cut on our libraries and local communities.&nbsp;

Humanities events bring people together to learn, engage, and build community. In 2024 alone, HK supported 207 events serving 473,649 citizens in the Big First District. Over the past three years in north central Kansas, HK has supported 60 speaker presentations, four grants for local-level projects, a Smithsonian Museum on Main Street exhibit, a Vietnam veterans’ oral history project, and 11 poetry events. These projects explored history, supported civic engagement, and preserved important stories.

Amplify this impact across the state: in 2024 HK supported 488 events in 126 communities. More than 607,000 Kansans engaged with thoughtful and important programming exploring Kansas stories.&nbsp;

HK has been a strong partner in uplifting history and culture in Hays and our surrounding communities. The Ellis County Historical Society is collecting oral histories of Vietnam veterans, which will be preserved at the Kansas Historical Society and the Library of Congress. The Hays Public Library regularly hosts Speakers Bureau presentations that explore Kansas stories and are free to attend. An HK grant to the Nicodemus Historical Society supported a short film, “African American Pioneers,” which brings an important Kansas story to a national audience. These examples are a few of the many ways HK’s work helps us look toward the future while honoring our local history.&nbsp;

While the current speed and accessibility of online media has its benefits, how will our stories and community issues be retained for the future? HK supports local libraries, museums, and community groups as they preserve community histories one project at a time. At the heart of it, this work strengthens our community and connecst us with our neighbors and our collective past.&nbsp;

Suspension of the National Endowment for the Humanities and ultimately state grants to Humanities Kansas will lead to fewer and lower quality presentations, exhibitions, discussions, and preservation projects in Hays and surrounding communities.&nbsp;

If you want to learn more about Humanities Kansas and its impact on Kansans, visit&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.humanitieskansas.org/">https://www.humanitieskansas.org/</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

— Ginger Williams Fort Hays State University, dean of Library Services

— Brandon Hines Hays Public Library, director&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698091063975.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>On April 2, Humanities Kansas (HK) was notified that the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) was suspended. As a result, HK has been forced to make immediate cuts to grants and programs across Kansas. The termination of federal funding puts HK resources at risk and will impact HK's ability to team up with local museums, libraries, and cultural organizations in communities of all sizes.&nbsp;As library leaders, we have been fielding questions from concerned community members wondering the impact of this cut on our libraries and local communities.&nbsp;Humanities events bring people together to learn, engage, and build community. In 2024 alone, HK supported 207 events serving 473,649 citizens in the Big First District. Over the past three years in north central Kansas, HK has supported 60 speaker presentations, four grants for local-level projects, a Smithsonian Museum on Main Street exhibit, a Vietnam veterans’ oral history project, and 11 poetry events. These projects explored history, supported civic engagement, and preserved important stories.Amplify this impact across the state: in 2024 HK supported 488 events in 126 communities. More than 607,000 Kansans engaged with thoughtful and important programming exploring Kansas stories.&nbsp;HK has been a strong partner in uplifting history and culture in Hays and our surrounding communities. The Ellis County Historical Society is collecting oral histories of Vietnam veterans, which will be preserved at the Kansas Historical Society and the Library of Congress. The Hays Public Library regularly hosts Speakers Bureau presentations that explore Kansas stories and are free to attend. An HK grant to the Nicodemus Historical Society supported a short film, “African American Pioneers,” which brings an important Kansas story to a national audience. These examples are a few of the many ways HK’s work helps us look toward the future while honoring our local history.&nbsp;While the current speed and accessibility of online media has its benefits, how will our stories and community issues be retained for the future? HK supports local libraries, museums, and community groups as they preserve community histories one project at a time. At the heart of it, this work strengthens our community and connecst us with our neighbors and our collective past.&nbsp;Suspension of the National Endowment for the Humanities and ultimately state grants to Humanities Kansas will lead to fewer and lower quality presentations, exhibitions, discussions, and preservation projects in Hays and surrounding communities.&nbsp;If you want to learn more about Humanities Kansas and its impact on Kansans, visit&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.humanitieskansas.org/">https://www.humanitieskansas.org/</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;— Ginger Williams Fort Hays State University, dean of Library Services— Brandon Hines Hays Public Library, director&nbsp;&nbsp;

Letter: Impact of Humanities Kansas on Hays community

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

One of the best ways to keep your mind and body functioning at its best is to exercise. When I worked with small children we always used to say, “the best exercise for the brain is exercise!” The same holds true as we age. 

Exercise produces a wide range of benefits for not only our physical health, but also mental health. Regular participation in strengthening exercises can help you build muscle and increase bone density. It can also help relieve stress and reduce depression symptoms. 

The Stay Strong, Stay Healthy program focuses on improving the health and well being of older adults. The goal of the program is to provide safe, structured and effective strength training for adults. No one is too inactive, or too young to participate. 

Strength training promotes quality of life and independence, especially for adults over age 60. Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is an evidence-based program that has been shown to increase strength, balance, and flexibility.

You might be asking yourself, “I wonder what we’ll do?” It is an eight-week program that meets twice a week for one-hour. We will do warm up exercises, easy strengthening exercises, with or without weights, based on your preference, and finish with cool-down stretches and breathing exercises. 

The best part is there is no membership fee like at a gym and there are no special clothes or equipment needed. We will have weights available if you want to use them. You will work at your own pace and progress as you are able. There are modifications to the exercises based on your own fitness level.

Regular classes will begin April 28, 2025 and will be held on Mondays and Wednesdays at 4 p.m. for eight weeks. All classes will be held at our office in Hays located at 601 Main Street. There will be a one-time fee of $20 to participate in the eight-week program. I’m hoping by offering it at 4 p.m. more&nbsp;working people might also be able to attend. 

Please call the office if you have any questions or email Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu.

Cottonwood Extension District would like to extend a huge thank you to Heartland Community Foundation. This project was funded in part by a grant from the Ellis County Legacy Fund and the Dane G. Hansen Community Grant Fund-Heartland of the Heartland Community Foundation. Their funding allowed us to purchase our own weight set for our district so we will be able to offer classes on a regular basis.

Come join me for some fun and get healthier and stronger!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1744127925465.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictOne of the best ways to keep your mind and body functioning at its best is to exercise. When I worked with small children we always used to say, “the best exercise for the brain is exercise!” The same holds true as we age. Exercise produces a wide range of benefits for not only our physical health, but also mental health. Regular participation in strengthening exercises can help you build muscle and increase bone density. It can also help relieve stress and reduce depression symptoms. The Stay Strong, Stay Healthy program focuses on improving the health and well being of older adults. The goal of the program is to provide safe, structured and effective strength training for adults. No one is too inactive, or too young to participate. Strength training promotes quality of life and independence, especially for adults over age 60. Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is an evidence-based program that has been shown to increase strength, balance, and flexibility.You might be asking yourself, “I wonder what we’ll do?” It is an eight-week program that meets twice a week for one-hour. We will do warm up exercises, easy strengthening exercises, with or without weights, based on your preference, and finish with cool-down stretches and breathing exercises. The best part is there is no membership fee like at a gym and there are no special clothes or equipment needed. We will have weights available if you want to use them. You will work at your own pace and progress as you are able. There are modifications to the exercises based on your own fitness level.Regular classes will begin April 28, 2025 and will be held on Mondays and Wednesdays at 4 p.m. for eight weeks. All classes will be held at our office in Hays located at 601 Main Street. There will be a one-time fee of $20 to participate in the eight-week program. I’m hoping by offering it at 4 p.m. more&nbsp;working people might also be able to attend. Please call the office if you have any questions or email Monique at moniquek@ksu.edu.Cottonwood Extension District would like to extend a huge thank you to Heartland Community Foundation. This project was funded in part by a grant from the Ellis County Legacy Fund and the Dane G. Hansen Community Grant Fund-Heartland of the Heartland Community Foundation. Their funding allowed us to purchase our own weight set for our district so we will be able to offer classes on a regular basis.Come join me for some fun and get healthier and stronger!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Stay strong, stay healthy classes start April 28

By STEVE GILLILAND Explore Kansas Outdoors

A few years back at the Outdoor Writers of Kansas spring outing at Beloit,&nbsp; Joyce and I were paired with Chatt Martin for a half-day’s crappie fishing on Waconda Lake, just outside Glen Elder.

 Since retiring, Chatt has turned his passion for crappie fishing into a full-time crappie fishing guide service called Crappie Time Fishing. 

Glen Elder is usually hot for crappies this time of year and we were hearing stories of fantastic “slab” crappies being caught. When Chatt and I made the final arrangements for that Tuesday morning, his only question for me was “Has Joyce ever fished with long rods?”

Long rods, indeed. As we pulled into the boat ramp parking lot the next morning, there was no doubt which boat was awaiting us, as ten-foot fishing rods towered above the center console of his boat. We loaded up and headed across the lake to the first of several spots that had been giving up nice crappies.

 Our guide's favorite honey hole was along the causeway, a huge, high rock-laden embankment with a road atop it, that encloses the western end of the lake, but because the wind was forecast to be nasty early on, we tried other spots. It seems everyone else felt the same, and our first stop, a cove cut far back into the bluffs along the southern shore, already sported several boats. No one was catching much, but a scan of the cove with Chatt's high-dollar Lowrance fish finder showed some fish out front toward the opening. 

After an hour of trying most things known to man and only catching two fish, Chatt decided it was time to fight the wind in necessary and we headed across the lake to his hot spot along the causeway.

We slowly motored alongside a long stretch of dead, beaver-chewed saplings and brush that ran for several hundred yards along the edge of the causeway. 

Chatt positioned the boat and told us we were about to learn the art of “doodlesocking.”

 Doodlesocking is an age-old, tried and true method created by bass fishermen years or possible generations ago for fishing in and around snags of any kind. It involves the use of a very long, stout pole with a bait or jig fastened to the end of a short length of heavy line. The idea is to dip or “doodle” the bait slowly into the water in and around tree limbs, etc., then wait for a fish to “sock” it. 

It works well because you’re fishing the bait straight up and down into pockets around weeds, lily pads, brush and stumps, instead of casting into them and trying to drag the bait through by reeling, which almost always results in getting snagged. 

Chatt rigged his extra-long rods with jig heads of various colors and tipped them each with a live minnow that hung from two feet of line. The water was only a couple feet deep and the brush stretched ten to fifteen feet out from the base of the rocks. The three of us spaced ourselves along the same side of the boat and began dipping the jigs in amongst the brush as the electric trolling motor pulled us slowly along parallel to the shore. 

The crappies were just beginning to come up into shallow water to spawn, and in the first several yards, Chatt and I landed three nice ones. The day before, Joyce had cleaned our clocks catching walleye, but that day she had not yet caught a fish. Suddenly, she hauled upward on her rod which bent double toward the water as she hoisted a fat, feisty crappie into the boat.

Because of the wind and weather change the night before, we didn’t catch many crappies, but the ones we caught were in great condition. 

What I find ironic about the day was that we fished from a boat sporting fish-locator electronics costing as much as my pickup, with rods and reels each worth a couple days' wages and yet we caught our fish using an age-old technique called doodlesocking that has been&nbsp;round since fishing poles were sticks and string. But hey, to me and to a fishing guide, it’s called doin’ whatever works!&nbsp;

Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STEVE GILLILAND Explore Kansas OutdoorsA few years back at the Outdoor Writers of Kansas spring outing at Beloit,&nbsp; Joyce and I were paired with Chatt Martin for a half-day’s crappie fishing on Waconda Lake, just outside Glen Elder. Since retiring, Chatt has turned his passion for crappie fishing into a full-time crappie fishing guide service called Crappie Time Fishing. Glen Elder is usually hot for crappies this time of year and we were hearing stories of fantastic “slab” crappies being caught. When Chatt and I made the final arrangements for that Tuesday morning, his only question for me was “Has Joyce ever fished with long rods?”Long rods, indeed. As we pulled into the boat ramp parking lot the next morning, there was no doubt which boat was awaiting us, as ten-foot fishing rods towered above the center console of his boat. We loaded up and headed across the lake to the first of several spots that had been giving up nice crappies. Our guide's favorite honey hole was along the causeway, a huge, high rock-laden embankment with a road atop it, that encloses the western end of the lake, but because the wind was forecast to be nasty early on, we tried other spots. It seems everyone else felt the same, and our first stop, a cove cut far back into the bluffs along the southern shore, already sported several boats. No one was catching much, but a scan of the cove with Chatt's high-dollar Lowrance fish finder showed some fish out front toward the opening. After an hour of trying most things known to man and only catching two fish, Chatt decided it was time to fight the wind in necessary and we headed across the lake to his hot spot along the causeway.We slowly motored alongside a long stretch of dead, beaver-chewed saplings and brush that ran for several hundred yards along the edge of the causeway. Chatt positioned the boat and told us we were about to learn the art of “doodlesocking.” Doodlesocking is an age-old, tried and true method created by bass fishermen years or possible generations ago for fishing in and around snags of any kind. It involves the use of a very long, stout pole with a bait or jig fastened to the end of a short length of heavy line. The idea is to dip or “doodle” the bait slowly into the water in and around tree limbs, etc., then wait for a fish to “sock” it. It works well because you’re fishing the bait straight up and down into pockets around weeds, lily pads, brush and stumps, instead of casting into them and trying to drag the bait through by reeling, which almost always results in getting snagged. Chatt rigged his extra-long rods with jig heads of various colors and tipped them each with a live minnow that hung from two feet of line. The water was only a couple feet deep and the brush stretched ten to fifteen feet out from the base of the rocks. The three of us spaced ourselves along the same side of the boat and began dipping the jigs in amongst the brush as the electric trolling motor pulled us slowly along parallel to the shore. The crappies were just beginning to come up into shallow water to spawn, and in the first several yards, Chatt and I landed three nice ones. The day before, Joyce had cleaned our clocks catching walleye, but that day she had not yet caught a fish. Suddenly, she hauled upward on her rod which bent double toward the water as she hoisted a fat, feisty crappie into the boat.Because of the wind and weather change the night before, we didn’t catch many crappies, but the ones we caught were in great condition. What I find ironic about the day was that we fished from a boat sporting fish-locator electronics costing as much as my pickup, with rods and reels each worth a couple days' wages and yet we caught our fish using an age-old technique called doodlesocking that has been&nbsp;round since fishing poles were sticks and string. But hey, to me and to a fishing guide, it’s called doin’ whatever works!&nbsp;Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors.Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Explore Kansas Outdoors: Doodlesocking

By MICHAEL A. SMITH &nbsp;Insight Kansas&nbsp;&nbsp;

Underpaid for years, Kansas legislators finally received a substantial pay increase this year.&nbsp; Instead of a paltry per diem (per day) allowance, they now receive $43,000 per year and remain eligible for KPERS benefits.

Normally, I would argue in favor of this. 

It takes courage for legislators to raise their own pay and then sit for re-election before collecting it.&nbsp; As per the state constitution, there is no other way to do this—not even to keep up with inflation—and constituents hate it, often believing their representatives (or more accurately, the representatives from&nbsp;other&nbsp;districts) to be undeserving.&nbsp; 

Yet political science research has shown for decades that professional legislatures produce better legislation, less likely to cause problems or be overturned in court. 

During session, legislators work far in excess of 40 hours per week, and it takes years to learn the ins and outs of complicated policies such as the state budget.&nbsp;&nbsp;

That said, with the hefty pay increase, one might think that the legislators would also lengthen the session.&nbsp; 

The Late KU Professor Burdett Loomis documented the cost of the Kansas Legislature’s short, rushed sessions all the way back in 1994.&nbsp; Loomis wrote at length about the frantic, sleep-deprived, late-night sessions in which the Legislature would cobble together budgets at the last minute.&nbsp; Each succeeding year, they would vow to pass a budget earlier—and then do the same thing again.&nbsp; In 2012, Representative Bob Bethell fell asleep driving home after the end of the session, crashed his car, and died.

Now the legislators finally make decent pay.&nbsp; So, why the super-short session this year?&nbsp; 

They rushed the budget through so quickly that they did not even allow time for the next round of budget estimates, which may make their numbers particularly inaccurate and require fixing later. The legislators were in such a rush, they held bulk line-item veto overrides, not taking the time to review Governor Kelly’s proposed spending cuts one at a time.&nbsp;

Unfortunately, the only plausible reason for this crazy hurry is the leadership’s desire to ram through policies without allowing time for discussion, deliberation, or debate.&nbsp; 

As shown during recent town hall meetings for Senator Roger Marshall and other members of Congress, public feedback can get raucous, particularly when programs, policies, or benefits that make a real difference in people’s lives are threatened.&nbsp; 

Constituents deserve to have a voice, and if what they say is hard to hear, well, that’s why we pay you the big bucks.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Granted--and in stark contrast with the current circus in Washington, DC--the Kansas budget this year was largely an incrementalist one, making only small, mostly upward changes to state appropriations.&nbsp; 

But some major “hot button” legislation passed, including a ban on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, a ban on gender-affirming medical care for Transgender youth, and some additional tax cuts on top of the huge one passed last year. 

This threatens to put the state into a $461 million shortfall by 2028. &nbsp;

 Constituents may want to talk about this, but whoops, the session’s already over!&nbsp;

 It should also be noted that the legislators shortened their session primarily by cutting the so-called “breaks.”&nbsp; These are—or&nbsp;were—the days they would go home and listen to constituents, before heading back to Topeka to finish their work.&nbsp;&nbsp;

As a political scientist, I strongly support building up the institutional capacity of state legislatures, including pay. 

But is it too much to ask for better service in exchange for the higher pay?&nbsp; With their frantic session this year, the Kansas Legislature failed to hold up their end of the deal.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1700168795368.png" alt="Michael A. Smith&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Michael A. Smith&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHAEL A. SMITH &nbsp;Insight Kansas&nbsp;&nbsp;Underpaid for years, Kansas legislators finally received a substantial pay increase this year.&nbsp; Instead of a paltry per diem (per day) allowance, they now receive $43,000 per year and remain eligible for KPERS benefits.Normally, I would argue in favor of this. It takes courage for legislators to raise their own pay and then sit for re-election before collecting it.&nbsp; As per the state constitution, there is no other way to do this—not even to keep up with inflation—and constituents hate it, often believing their representatives (or more accurately, the representatives from&nbsp;other&nbsp;districts) to be undeserving.&nbsp; Yet political science research has shown for decades that professional legislatures produce better legislation, less likely to cause problems or be overturned in court. During session, legislators work far in excess of 40 hours per week, and it takes years to learn the ins and outs of complicated policies such as the state budget.&nbsp;&nbsp;That said, with the hefty pay increase, one might think that the legislators would also lengthen the session.&nbsp; The Late KU Professor Burdett Loomis documented the cost of the Kansas Legislature’s short, rushed sessions all the way back in 1994.&nbsp; Loomis wrote at length about the frantic, sleep-deprived, late-night sessions in which the Legislature would cobble together budgets at the last minute.&nbsp; Each succeeding year, they would vow to pass a budget earlier—and then do the same thing again.&nbsp; In 2012, Representative Bob Bethell fell asleep driving home after the end of the session, crashed his car, and died.Now the legislators finally make decent pay.&nbsp; So, why the super-short session this year?&nbsp; They rushed the budget through so quickly that they did not even allow time for the next round of budget estimates, which may make their numbers particularly inaccurate and require fixing later. The legislators were in such a rush, they held bulk line-item veto overrides, not taking the time to review Governor Kelly’s proposed spending cuts one at a time.&nbsp;Unfortunately, the only plausible reason for this crazy hurry is the leadership’s desire to ram through policies without allowing time for discussion, deliberation, or debate.&nbsp; As shown during recent town hall meetings for Senator Roger Marshall and other members of Congress, public feedback can get raucous, particularly when programs, policies, or benefits that make a real difference in people’s lives are threatened.&nbsp; Constituents deserve to have a voice, and if what they say is hard to hear, well, that’s why we pay you the big bucks.&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted--and in stark contrast with the current circus in Washington, DC--the Kansas budget this year was largely an incrementalist one, making only small, mostly upward changes to state appropriations.&nbsp; But some major “hot button” legislation passed, including a ban on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, a ban on gender-affirming medical care for Transgender youth, and some additional tax cuts on top of the huge one passed last year. This threatens to put the state into a $461 million shortfall by 2028. &nbsp; Constituents may want to talk about this, but whoops, the session’s already over!&nbsp; It should also be noted that the legislators shortened their session primarily by cutting the so-called “breaks.”&nbsp; These are—or&nbsp;were—the days they would go home and listen to constituents, before heading back to Topeka to finish their work.&nbsp;&nbsp;As a political scientist, I strongly support building up the institutional capacity of state legislatures, including pay. But is it too much to ask for better service in exchange for the higher pay?&nbsp; With their frantic session this year, the Kansas Legislature failed to hold up their end of the deal.&nbsp;&nbsp;Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University.

Opinion