By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

This article is the second in a multi-week series on wheat streak mosaic complex management to address the 2025 outbreak. 

Last week, was the recommendation for <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/33aec9ef-6d8a-48ef-9d5f-12cac8cb4980">wheat-free windows</a>. These windows include periods 30 days prior to the start of the optimal winter wheat planting window by zone in Kansas.

As the wheat curl mite is a community pest, coordinated breaks in volunteer wheat and other cereals will have the highest likelihood of lowering local and statewide mite levels moving into our 2025 optimal winter wheat planting date periods. This week, we address the role of other crops in the landscape.

Revisiting the role of other crops and weeds in the landscape

The question about the role of alternative crops and grasses in the landscape is frequently raised. The general risk of species as reservoirs for the mite and virus complex depends on several factors, including:

1. How well the curl mite reproduces on a given host,

2. How susceptible the host is to the virus,

3. The presence of the host during critical periods over the summer,

4. How those periods overlap with the wheat crop, and

5. How much of the host is present in the landscape during those critical summer months (host density)?

That information was taken together to develop the relative risk of host species to harbor wheat curl mites over the summer (Figure 2). You’ll notice that the list includes cereal crops, weeds, and pasture grasses. In all, over 90 species have been shown to harbor the mites or virus to some level. Legumes are not known hosts for the curl mite or viruses.

Volunteer wheat left over the summer is the highest risk host because it checks all the boxes for risk. The curl mites will reproduce rapidly on volunteer wheat, it is usually present right after harvest, may be left through fall planting, it is susceptible to the viruses, and it can build to high levels in the landscape. This is why the first line of defense against wheat streak will always be volunteer wheat management (ideally during wheat-free windows).

Volunteer wheat can also “hide” in summer crops planted after wheat harvest as well as cover crops, complicating the ability to determine the risk of other crops in the landscape. For example, if wheat that is harvested in June and grain sorghum (or corn and soybean) is planted into that same field after wheat harvest, secondary flushes of volunteer wheat will be difficult to control.

Winter cereals planted early (during the wheat-free windows) for grazing or cover cropping may pose a risk for harboring curl mites. Species like barley, oats, rye, and triticale have all been shown to host both the mites and the virus at fairly high levels. 

When at all possible, early planting of these crops near fields that will be established with a fall wheat crop should be avoided. Including these crops in a summer cover crop mix can also be risky for bridging the curl mites and viruses to the fall wheat crop.

To a lesser extent, corn and sorghum can also host the mite and virus complex. These crops are generally considered of low concern for epidemics in Kansas. 

Most of the research that we’ve reviewed has demonstrated that these crops are most conducive to curl mite survival during early growth stages. 

So, for example, corn/sorghum at a young stage when wheat is drying down would be at higher risk for curl mites than late-planted corn. It appears that curl mites are limited to corn husks later in the season and can result in symptoms of kernel red streak through feeding damage. Kernel red streak is generally considered a cosmetic issue in corn, but can serve as a sign that curl mites were present. 

Most commercial corn hybrids are resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus and High Plains wheat mosaic virus and will not experience yield losses to those viruses. Importantly, it appears that curl mite populations rapidly decline in the corn crop after the crop reaches black layer.

Weedy grass hosts (detailed in Figure 2) are generally a lower concern, unless they are allowed to build to high levels and remain established through the summer months. Their role in epidemics is dictated by their abundance and the time they are allowed to persist in the landscape.

Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Extension Wheat Pathologist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/5/1747233937338.jpeg" alt="Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Wheat streak mosaic management and wheat-free windows" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=rrc69-19111fa-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis article is the second in a multi-week series on wheat streak mosaic complex management to address the 2025 outbreak. Last week, was the recommendation for <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/33aec9ef-6d8a-48ef-9d5f-12cac8cb4980">wheat-free windows</a>. These windows include periods 30 days prior to the start of the optimal winter wheat planting window by zone in Kansas. As the wheat curl mite is a community pest, coordinated breaks in volunteer wheat and other cereals will have the highest likelihood of lowering local and statewide mite levels moving into our 2025 optimal winter wheat planting date periods. This week, we address the role of other crops in the landscape.Revisiting the role of other crops and weeds in the landscapeThe question about the role of alternative crops and grasses in the landscape is frequently raised. The general risk of species as reservoirs for the mite and virus complex depends on several factors, including:1. How well the curl mite reproduces on a given host,2. How susceptible the host is to the virus,3. The presence of the host during critical periods over the summer,4. How those periods overlap with the wheat crop, and5. How much of the host is present in the landscape during those critical summer months (host density)?That information was taken together to develop the relative risk of host species to harbor wheat curl mites over the summer (Figure 2). You’ll notice that the list includes cereal crops, weeds, and pasture grasses. In all, over 90 species have been shown to harbor the mites or virus to some level. Legumes are not known hosts for the curl mite or viruses.Volunteer wheat left over the summer is the highest risk host because it checks all the boxes for risk. The curl mites will reproduce rapidly on volunteer wheat, it is usually present right after harvest, may be left through fall planting, it is susceptible to the viruses, and it can build to high levels in the landscape. This is why the first line of defense against wheat streak will always be volunteer wheat management (ideally during wheat-free windows).Volunteer wheat can also “hide” in summer crops planted after wheat harvest as well as cover crops, complicating the ability to determine the risk of other crops in the landscape. For example, if wheat that is harvested in June and grain sorghum (or corn and soybean) is planted into that same field after wheat harvest, secondary flushes of volunteer wheat will be difficult to control.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753460814466.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753460845582.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Winter cereals planted early (during the wheat-free windows) for grazing or cover cropping may pose a risk for harboring curl mites. Species like barley, oats, rye, and triticale have all been shown to host both the mites and the virus at fairly high levels. When at all possible, early planting of these crops near fields that will be established with a fall wheat crop should be avoided. Including these crops in a summer cover crop mix can also be risky for bridging the curl mites and viruses to the fall wheat crop.To a lesser extent, corn and sorghum can also host the mite and virus complex. These crops are generally considered of low concern for epidemics in Kansas. Most of the research that we’ve reviewed has demonstrated that these crops are most conducive to curl mite survival during early growth stages. So, for example, corn/sorghum at a young stage when wheat is drying down would be at higher risk for curl mites than late-planted corn. It appears that curl mites are limited to corn husks later in the season and can result in symptoms of kernel red streak through feeding damage. Kernel red streak is generally considered a cosmetic issue in corn, but can serve as a sign that curl mites were present. Most commercial corn hybrids are resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus and High Plains wheat mosaic virus and will not experience yield losses to those viruses. Importantly, it appears that curl mite populations rapidly decline in the corn crop after the crop reaches black layer.Weedy grass hosts (detailed in Figure 2) are generally a lower concern, unless they are allowed to build to high levels and remain established through the summer months. Their role in epidemics is dictated by their abundance and the time they are allowed to persist in the landscape.Information provided by Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Extension Wheat Pathologist. Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

🎙CAMPBELL: Wheat streak mosaic management: Role of other hosts in landscape

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

It might seem odd how I choose to take some vacation time after the heat, humidity, long hours and stress of the fair. I love to help 4-H members learn no matter their county! I will spend several days in July judging a variety of events at other county fairs.

This opportunity to give back to 4-H members and help other agents is fun and worthwhile. Now, you’ll never find me sorting a livestock show or judging woodworking but I love to work with youth on Sewing &amp; Textiles, Fiber Arts, Photography, and a handful of other areas. Being able to share my experience both as a 4-H member in these project areas and as an adult is very gratifying!

I’ve had the opportunity to encourage a youth to consider how their love of photography and distinct perspective can become a career in journalism, advertising, graphic design, and other areas. 

I’ve also been able to encourage a youth in care and styling of their attire for the life skill of understanding a professional wardrobe and the necessary small details of shined shoes, appropriate accessories, and ironing skills. Last summer, I asked a young man about who starched his jeans. He was a bit affronted and proudly stated that he did! We had a great conversation about life skills and how impressed I was that he was willing to learn and practice this skill.

If you have a talent for woodworking, for arts &amp; crafts, for welding, for baking, or for photography and you are interested in sharing your knowledge and expertise, please let me know as we are always on the lookout for project leaders who are registered 4-H volunteers. 

Additionally, there is an opportunity for you to serve as a judge for 4-H or Open Class exhibits in other counties. If you are interested, check out the Kansas 4-H page under County Fairs/Kansas 4-H Judges Database (<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/educational-experiences/fair-resources/county-fairs/judgesregistration.html">https://www.kansas4-h.org/educational-experiences/fair-resources/county-fairs/judgesregistration.html</a>).

Some judging areas will need training such as Foods, Food Preservation, and Dogs. For the most part, a willingness to understand 4-H Project Learning principles and give candid but kind feedback is the most important.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179500533.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictIt might seem odd how I choose to take some vacation time after the heat, humidity, long hours and stress of the fair. I love to help 4-H members learn no matter their county! I will spend several days in July judging a variety of events at other county fairs.This opportunity to give back to 4-H members and help other agents is fun and worthwhile. Now, you’ll never find me sorting a livestock show or judging woodworking but I love to work with youth on Sewing &amp; Textiles, Fiber Arts, Photography, and a handful of other areas. Being able to share my experience both as a 4-H member in these project areas and as an adult is very gratifying!I’ve had the opportunity to encourage a youth to consider how their love of photography and distinct perspective can become a career in journalism, advertising, graphic design, and other areas. I’ve also been able to encourage a youth in care and styling of their attire for the life skill of understanding a professional wardrobe and the necessary small details of shined shoes, appropriate accessories, and ironing skills. Last summer, I asked a young man about who starched his jeans. He was a bit affronted and proudly stated that he did! We had a great conversation about life skills and how impressed I was that he was willing to learn and practice this skill.If you have a talent for woodworking, for arts &amp; crafts, for welding, for baking, or for photography and you are interested in sharing your knowledge and expertise, please let me know as we are always on the lookout for project leaders who are registered 4-H volunteers. Additionally, there is an opportunity for you to serve as a judge for 4-H or Open Class exhibits in other counties. If you are interested, check out the Kansas 4-H page under County Fairs/Kansas 4-H Judges Database (<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/educational-experiences/fair-resources/county-fairs/judgesregistration.html">https://www.kansas4-h.org/educational-experiences/fair-resources/county-fairs/judgesregistration.html</a>). Some judging areas will need training such as Foods, Food Preservation, and Dogs. For the most part, a willingness to understand 4-H Project Learning principles and give candid but kind feedback is the most important.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: On the lookout for 4-H project leaders, judges 

Decades ago when we replaced windows in our country home. I expected dust, noise, flies, and suffering through hundred+ July days, but I didn’t expect an Oscar quality actor to appear. However, when you live rural, expect the unexpected. Because of that remodel, I faced woman’s dreaded fear—a snake in the kitchen.

Reading in the living room, surrounded by snoozing dogs, I had enjoyed a quiet morning. Unexpectedly, I heard a loud thump that sent 3 dogs barking frenziedly toward the south side of our kitchen where basement stairs emerged.

After dragging a howling mob out of the house, I returned to find a monster-sized snake coiled and rattling in a shadowy kitchen corner. Poor lighting forced me to rely on sound and silhouette to identify the agitated creature striking toward me.

Wrapped in tightening circles and rattling like an overcharged bingo machine, the invader thrust its head repeatedly my direction. Unfortunately, the snake’s location between garage entry and porch door limited options for dealing with it. Though I didn’t know much except my heart pounded out of my chest, I knew I didn’t want that serpent slithering to a closet, cupboard, or drawer to surprise me later.

During long minutes of frantic problem solving, I repeatedly dialed the resident game warden, seeking professional assistance. Unfortunately, Hunter Safety Class occupied his attention so he’d silenced his phone. Next, I called my visiting daughter then shopping at Home Depot. No answer. At that point, I had to yank up my big girl panties and take charge or panic every time I opened a door or heard a weird sound. If I intended to sleep in peace, I had to remove this uninvited visitor.

My first thought was my shotgun would do the job. Then I remembered that would ruin the floor we’d just replaced. Destroying perfectly good linoleum seemed an overly-dramatic option. That brought to mind the hoe on the other side of the door to our garage, feet from that agitated reptile. Unfortunately, this forced a detour out the front door and around the house to retrieve my chosen weapon. I brainstormed how to keep the snake in place.

I wanted this reptile in one spot, unable to crawl away, so I ticked Mr. Hiss Pot into rising to a vibrating spiral while I dashed for a pair of shoes. Once I had them on the right feet—try to put your tennies on when you’re panicking--I feinted toward it, triggering a tail-stand offering me time to race for the hoe.

As I grabbed the garden tool, my daughter called. Hearing a shrill “Snake in the kitchen” caused her to pass the phone to a logical friend who directed me to throw a basket over it. Duh!

Once again, I tormented ol’ Hisspot into upright mode while I sought the laundry basket. With hamper and hoe in hand, I returned to face every woman’s mortal enemy since the time of Eve.

Still thinking rattlesnake, I maintained my distance. Thankfully, my first toss corralled the creature. I delivered the coup de grace when it poked its head out. Lizzie Borden and her 40 whacks had nothing on me.

After my heart slowed enough I heard nothing but the refrigerator running, I saw the intruder had exhaled its final breath. Lifting the basket off the headless carcass, I realized I’d witnessed nature’s greatest dramatic presentation. That foolish reptile shouldn’t have mimicked an Oscar worthy rattlesnake performance. I’d have lugged a bull snake outside on the end of my hoe.

Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By KAREN MADORIN Decades ago when we replaced windows in our country home. I expected dust, noise, flies, and suffering through hundred+ July days, but I didn’t expect an Oscar quality actor to appear. However, when you live rural, expect the unexpected. Because of that remodel, I faced woman’s dreaded fear—a snake in the kitchen.Reading in the living room, surrounded by snoozing dogs, I had enjoyed a quiet morning. Unexpectedly, I heard a loud thump that sent 3 dogs barking frenziedly toward the south side of our kitchen where basement stairs emerged.After dragging a howling mob out of the house, I returned to find a monster-sized snake coiled and rattling in a shadowy kitchen corner. Poor lighting forced me to rely on sound and silhouette to identify the agitated creature striking toward me.Wrapped in tightening circles and rattling like an overcharged bingo machine, the invader thrust its head repeatedly my direction. Unfortunately, the snake’s location between garage entry and porch door limited options for dealing with it. Though I didn’t know much except my heart pounded out of my chest, I knew I didn’t want that serpent slithering to a closet, cupboard, or drawer to surprise me later.During long minutes of frantic problem solving, I repeatedly dialed the resident game warden, seeking professional assistance. Unfortunately, Hunter Safety Class occupied his attention so he’d silenced his phone. Next, I called my visiting daughter then shopping at Home Depot. No answer. At that point, I had to yank up my big girl panties and take charge or panic every time I opened a door or heard a weird sound. If I intended to sleep in peace, I had to remove this uninvited visitor.My first thought was my shotgun would do the job. Then I remembered that would ruin the floor we’d just replaced. Destroying perfectly good linoleum seemed an overly-dramatic option. That brought to mind the hoe on the other side of the door to our garage, feet from that agitated reptile. Unfortunately, this forced a detour out the front door and around the house to retrieve my chosen weapon. I brainstormed how to keep the snake in place.I wanted this reptile in one spot, unable to crawl away, so I ticked Mr. Hiss Pot into rising to a vibrating spiral while I dashed for a pair of shoes. Once I had them on the right feet—try to put your tennies on when you’re panicking--I feinted toward it, triggering a tail-stand offering me time to race for the hoe.As I grabbed the garden tool, my daughter called. Hearing a shrill “Snake in the kitchen” caused her to pass the phone to a logical friend who directed me to throw a basket over it. Duh!Once again, I tormented ol’ Hisspot into upright mode while I sought the laundry basket. With hamper and hoe in hand, I returned to face every woman’s mortal enemy since the time of Eve.Still thinking rattlesnake, I maintained my distance. Thankfully, my first toss corralled the creature. I delivered the coup de grace when it poked its head out. Lizzie Borden and her 40 whacks had nothing on me.After my heart slowed enough I heard nothing but the refrigerator running, I saw the intruder had exhaled its final breath. Lifting the basket off the headless carcass, I realized I’d witnessed nature’s greatest dramatic presentation. That foolish reptile shouldn’t have mimicked an Oscar worthy rattlesnake performance. I’d have lugged a bull snake outside on the end of my hoe.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: An unfortunate Oscar goes to the bull snake

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Brenda Meder, executive director of the Hays Arts Council about summer art center activities and the upcoming Fall Art Walk on Aug. 22.

<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Summer activities at the Hays Arts Council" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=f9rfr-1908cba-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Brenda Meder, executive director of the Hays Arts Council about summer art center activities and the upcoming Fall Art Walk on Aug. 22.

🎙 Post Podcast: Summer activities at the Hays Arts Council

The only reason I put up with summer in Kansas is… well, because I have to! My only alternatives are to move or die. The first takes too much energy, and the second, well, let’s just say I’ll put up with summer! (Although as I get older, door number 2 looks less ominous all the time.)

 The term “Dog Days of Summer” has always intrigued me. This term was long ago given to the hottest and muggiest part of the summer, which someone has determined to be between July 3 and August 11. So here is a little trivia on the “The Dog Days of Summer.”

Stars and constellations played a big part in the lives of the ancients. Two such constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor, were said to resemble dogs.

 The brightest star in Canis Major is named Sirius, “the dog star,” and also happens to be the brightest star in the night sky. It is in fact so bright, that ancient Romans believed the earth received heat from it. During our summer, there is a period when Sirius rises and sets with the sun, and it was believed that during this period, the Dog Star actually added its heat to the sun, creating a period of extra hot and muggy weather now known as “The Dog Days.”

So, what can we “dog days haters,” who think it’s even too hot to fish, do to scratch our “outdoor sportsman’s itch” during this time?&nbsp;

 Frog season started here in Kansas July 1 and is a great nighttime sport. We hunted frogs a lot when I was a kid and thought nothing of walking a couple hundred yards across someone’s pasture in the middle of the night just to get to a pond full of frogs. Now days it’s not quite so much fun sloggin’ around a pond in pitch black darkness in soaking wet jeans and old sneakers, but the sweet taste of fried frog legs is still the same!

Now’s also a fine time to browse the Cabela’s and Bass Pro catalogs to get a jump on your fall hunting wish list. This begins by going over your equipment and clothing, looking for equipment needing repaired or replaced. You know how clothing seems to “shrink” a little each season! 

Also order that new equipment you want to experiment with this year. Mail-ordered merchandise can take considerable time to receive, and ordering early also gives you time to make returns and exchanges if needed. So, carry the catalogs from the bathroom to the easy chair and get started!

I guess when it’s 105 degrees in the shade, it’s hard to think about deer hunting, but The Dog Days are also a good time to begin garnering hunting and trapping permission. Unless you already have a standing agreement in place with landlords, hunting and trapping permission is often first come-first served. This can be done over the phone, but I prefer a more personal touch and like to drive to the owner’s home and talk to them in person. 

Remember, the early bird gets the worm (or the pheasant, the deer or&nbsp;the coyote.) Also, this is a great time to start gathering unwanted apples from under people’s trees to feed to the deer.

Now is also a great time to brush up on your hunting and trapping skills or learn new ones by reading “how to” books and magazine articles. Think back about the things that didn’t go as planned last season and search out the resources to correct them, be that books, magazine articles, tapes &amp; DVDs or fellow sportsmen.

So, pour a glass of iced tea, settle into your recliner, surround yourself with all your wish books, magazines, DVDs and the TV remote, and for these next few “dog-day” weeks, continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors, even if it’s from your living room!

Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STEVE GILLILANDThe only reason I put up with summer in Kansas is… well, because I have to! My only alternatives are to move or die. The first takes too much energy, and the second, well, let’s just say I’ll put up with summer! (Although as I get older, door number 2 looks less ominous all the time.) The term “Dog Days of Summer” has always intrigued me. This term was long ago given to the hottest and muggiest part of the summer, which someone has determined to be between July 3 and August 11. So here is a little trivia on the “The Dog Days of Summer.”Stars and constellations played a big part in the lives of the ancients. Two such constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor, were said to resemble dogs. The brightest star in Canis Major is named Sirius, “the dog star,” and also happens to be the brightest star in the night sky. It is in fact so bright, that ancient Romans believed the earth received heat from it. During our summer, there is a period when Sirius rises and sets with the sun, and it was believed that during this period, the Dog Star actually added its heat to the sun, creating a period of extra hot and muggy weather now known as “The Dog Days.”So, what can we “dog days haters,” who think it’s even too hot to fish, do to scratch our “outdoor sportsman’s itch” during this time?&nbsp; Frog season started here in Kansas July 1 and is a great nighttime sport. We hunted frogs a lot when I was a kid and thought nothing of walking a couple hundred yards across someone’s pasture in the middle of the night just to get to a pond full of frogs. Now days it’s not quite so much fun sloggin’ around a pond in pitch black darkness in soaking wet jeans and old sneakers, but the sweet taste of fried frog legs is still the same!Now’s also a fine time to browse the Cabela’s and Bass Pro catalogs to get a jump on your fall hunting wish list. This begins by going over your equipment and clothing, looking for equipment needing repaired or replaced. You know how clothing seems to “shrink” a little each season! Also order that new equipment you want to experiment with this year. Mail-ordered merchandise can take considerable time to receive, and ordering early also gives you time to make returns and exchanges if needed. So, carry the catalogs from the bathroom to the easy chair and get started!I guess when it’s 105 degrees in the shade, it’s hard to think about deer hunting, but The Dog Days are also a good time to begin garnering hunting and trapping permission. Unless you already have a standing agreement in place with landlords, hunting and trapping permission is often first come-first served. This can be done over the phone, but I prefer a more personal touch and like to drive to the owner’s home and talk to them in person. Remember, the early bird gets the worm (or the pheasant, the deer or&nbsp;the coyote.) Also, this is a great time to start gathering unwanted apples from under people’s trees to feed to the deer.Now is also a great time to brush up on your hunting and trapping skills or learn new ones by reading “how to” books and magazine articles. Think back about the things that didn’t go as planned last season and search out the resources to correct them, be that books, magazine articles, tapes &amp; DVDs or fellow sportsmen.So, pour a glass of iced tea, settle into your recliner, surround yourself with all your wish books, magazines, DVDs and the TV remote, and for these next few “dog-day” weeks, continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors, even if it’s from your living room!Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Explore Kansas Outdoors: What to do when the Dogs of Summer howl

By BILL FIANDER Insight Kansas

Make no mistake. It’s coming. An invasive non-native species of podcasters, influencers, tech-bros, reality TV stars, and spurned college students aboard the disinformation train destroying a healthy democratic habitat faster than out of work loggers at a spotted owl convention.

While much focus is on the vanishing checks from Congress or Supreme Court on presidential powers under Trump 2.0, the most endangered check, or species, may be the professional bureaucrat. In the biggest reshaping of the federal workforce since the Gilded Age, coerced mass layoffs impacting 284,000 workers and presidential loyalty tests have burned wide swaths of their habitat.

To some that’s not a bad thing. Bureaucracy is typically a pejorative term. One that values processes over people and impersonalized service. Red tape. That’s fair. An old DMV comes to mind. But to others, vanishing professional bureaucrats is the proverbial canary in a coal mine.

Let’s take the curious tale of Kansas Department of Labor’s (KDOL) modernization project.

Since 2002, KDOL had been trying to modernize a Byzantine unemployment insurance IT system equivalent to Atari Pong technology. Governor Brownback officially pulled the plug in 2011 before it was complete. By the time Governor Kelly could re-start the project, Covid hit in 2020 with an avalanche of unemployment claims frying the archaic system. This perfect storm vastly delayed payments to angry laid off workers while fraudsters made off with $460 million in claims. Under a new Labor Secretary with a long career modernizing local government technology, the $43 million system finally launched last November. Score one for the professional bureaucrat.

Six months later, what’s left of the U.S. Department of Labor’s bureaucratic expertise absurdly decided to claw back $1 million of a $1.7 million grant intended to safeguard the new system from fraud because “equity” was in the grant description. Never mind “equity” would make software useable on ALL our devices and for rural Kansans without broadband. Now fraudsters have equitable access.

Downstream impacts to localities of exceedingly politicized and bonkers incompetency doesn’t stop there - birth rates tied to transportation funds, shutting down FEMA call centers amid horrific flooding, walking back diversity goals in the home of Brown v. Board. It will be endless. As a long-time public administrator, I see these as microcosms of graver concerns echoing the age of spoils.

In the 1830s, newly elected President Andrew Jackson ushered in an era of politicized civil service under his “to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy” philosophy swapping out non-partisan workers for his partisan loyalists regardless of aptitude. A philosophy Mark Twain would bluntly scorch decades later… “We will not hire a blacksmith who never lifted a sledge. We will not hire a teacher who does not know the alphabet…but when it comes to our civil service, we serenely fill great numbers of our minor public offices with ignoramuses.”

Thanks to Twain and rampant political corruption, Congress formalized a new era of merit-based hiring in 1883. A new discipline of public administration transformed government from the dark age of spoils to a professional bureaucracy of expertise that puts American people first using efficacy, efficiency, economy, and equity as guideposts.

As I’ve experienced, public administrators can be the only adults in the room “checking” the veracity, narcissism and sheer incompetence of politically tinged decision-making. Losing them is a harbinger for our democratic ecosystem.

There is no “I” in running government. Only ruining government.

Bill Fiander is a Washburn University lecturer specializing in public administration, urban planning, and state/local government.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1752685889573.jpeg" alt="Bill Fiander&nbsp;is a Washburn University lecturer specializing in public administration, urban planning, and state/local government. Photo by&nbsp;Megan Martin" />
 <figcaption>Bill Fiander&nbsp;is a Washburn University lecturer specializing in public administration, urban planning, and state/local government. Photo by&nbsp;Megan Martin</figcaption>
 </figure>By BILL FIANDER Insight KansasMake no mistake. It’s coming. An invasive non-native species of podcasters, influencers, tech-bros, reality TV stars, and spurned college students aboard the disinformation train destroying a healthy democratic habitat faster than out of work loggers at a spotted owl convention.While much focus is on the vanishing checks from Congress or Supreme Court on presidential powers under Trump 2.0, the most endangered check, or species, may be the professional bureaucrat. In the biggest reshaping of the federal workforce since the Gilded Age, coerced mass layoffs impacting 284,000 workers and presidential loyalty tests have burned wide swaths of their habitat.To some that’s not a bad thing. Bureaucracy is typically a pejorative term. One that values processes over people and impersonalized service. Red tape. That’s fair. An old DMV comes to mind. But to others, vanishing professional bureaucrats is the proverbial canary in a coal mine.Let’s take the curious tale of Kansas Department of Labor’s (KDOL) modernization project.Since 2002, KDOL had been trying to modernize a Byzantine unemployment insurance IT system equivalent to Atari Pong technology. Governor Brownback officially pulled the plug in 2011 before it was complete. By the time Governor Kelly could re-start the project, Covid hit in 2020 with an avalanche of unemployment claims frying the archaic system. This perfect storm vastly delayed payments to angry laid off workers while fraudsters made off with $460 million in claims. Under a new Labor Secretary with a long career modernizing local government technology, the $43 million system finally launched last November. Score one for the professional bureaucrat.But we’re not done.Six months later, what’s left of the U.S. Department of Labor’s bureaucratic expertise absurdly decided to claw back $1 million of a $1.7 million grant intended to safeguard the new system from fraud because “equity” was in the grant description. Never mind “equity” would make software useable on ALL our devices and for rural Kansans without broadband. Now fraudsters have equitable access.Downstream impacts to localities of exceedingly politicized and bonkers incompetency doesn’t stop there - birth rates tied to transportation funds, shutting down FEMA call centers amid horrific flooding, walking back diversity goals in the home of Brown v. Board. It will be endless. As a long-time public administrator, I see these as microcosms of graver concerns echoing the age of spoils.In the 1830s, newly elected President Andrew Jackson ushered in an era of politicized civil service under his “to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy” philosophy swapping out non-partisan workers for his partisan loyalists regardless of aptitude. A philosophy Mark Twain would bluntly scorch decades later… “We will not hire a blacksmith who never lifted a sledge. We will not hire a teacher who does not know the alphabet…but when it comes to our civil service, we serenely fill great numbers of our minor public offices with ignoramuses.”Thanks to Twain and rampant political corruption, Congress formalized a new era of merit-based hiring in 1883. A new discipline of public administration transformed government from the dark age of spoils to a professional bureaucracy of expertise that puts American people first using efficacy, efficiency, economy, and equity as guideposts.As I’ve experienced, public administrators can be the only adults in the room “checking” the veracity, narcissism and sheer incompetence of politically tinged decision-making. Losing them is a harbinger for our democratic ecosystem.There is no “I” in running government. Only ruining government.Bill Fiander is a Washburn University lecturer specializing in public administration, urban planning, and state/local government.

Insight Kansas: The vanishing professional bureaucrat

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Adam Kober, a former Hays Mason, about the upcoming free health and cancer screening outreach in Hays.&nbsp;

The walk-in clinic is a collaboration between the University of Kansas Cancer Center and the Masonic Cancer Alliance.

It will be held 9 a.m. to noon on Saturday, July 26&nbsp; at the First United Methodist Church, 305 W. 7th.&nbsp;

Screenings will be available for prostate cancer, skin cancer and colorectal cancer. Information will be available about tobacco cessation.&nbsp;

No appointment is necessary and all ages are welcome.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650389030295.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Free health and cancer screening clinic in Hays" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=acmq9-190a453-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Adam Kober, a former Hays Mason, about the upcoming free health and cancer screening outreach in Hays.&nbsp;The walk-in clinic is a collaboration between the University of Kansas Cancer Center and the Masonic Cancer Alliance.It will be held 9 a.m. to noon on Saturday, July 26&nbsp; at the First United Methodist Church, 305 W. 7th.&nbsp;Screenings will be available for prostate cancer, skin cancer and colorectal cancer. Information will be available about tobacco cessation.&nbsp;No appointment is necessary and all ages are welcome.&nbsp;

🎙 Post Podcast: Free health, cancer screening clinic in Hays

By TISA MASON FHSU President

Fort Hays State University (FHSU) has a new reason to celebrate as Hailey Witte makes her mark in the world of rodeo. Hailing from Crookston, Nebraska, Hailey is not just an aspiring athlete but a true hometown hero who recently qualified to compete at the National Rodeo. Her achievements reflect the spirit and excellence that FHSU instills in its students.

From a young age, rodeo has been at the heart of Hailey’s life, influenced heavily by family. With a father who was a team roper and bull rider, and an older sister who competed in high school rodeo, Hailey picked up the reins of the family legacy. “I’ve been around rodeoing my whole life, but I didn’t start competing until 8th grade.” With a major in Animal Science/Pre-Vet and a passion for barrel racing, Hailey is not just a competitor, but a rising star in the sport.

“I found FHSU through a friend on the rodeo team who shared wonderful stories about the program. I was eager to take my rodeo career to the next level, and FHSU felt like the perfect place to do that."

Competing in barrel racing, one of the fastest-paced events in rodeo, requires incredible skill and synergy between horse and rider. “In barrel racing, we have to navigate three barrels set in a cloverleaf pattern as quickly as possible. It takes a lot of training and precision,” Hailey said.

Preparing for national competition brought its own unique set of challenges. “I treated it like any other rodeo and just practiced my normal routine.” The key is being consistent. Hailey has a piece of advice for young athletes aspiring to compete at the national level. “The more consistent you can be, the easier it is to perform at places like nationals.”

During the preliminaries at the nationals, emotions ran high. “I had no idea what to expect, especially since the arena setup was different from what I was used to. But after the first two runs, I was really happy with how things were going.” It takes a very well-trained horse and rider to run at a barrel full speed and still run around the barrel without tipping it over.

Although a slip-up in the third round resulted in .04 seconds short of making the short go (the top 12 and the final round). “I was already so proud of my horse, Hummer. Nationals is a big stage with a lot of pressure. This experience showed me just how competitive we can be, even against the best.”

Looking ahead to the next season, Hailey is eager to return to nationals and improve in the upcoming rodeos. “I plan to make 75 percent of the short goes and showcase my other barrel horse, Billie. I’ve trained Billie for four years.”

Being part of the rodeo team has positively influenced Hailey’s college experience. “It has helped me create a structured schedule, balancing homework with practice. The friendships I’ve made, both within my team and with other students, have been incredible.”

Above all, rodeo is more than a sport for Hailey; it is a central part of her identity. “Rodeo has been my whole life since I was little and has shaped me into the person I am today. Without this sport, I don’t know who I would be or what I would be doing. I have been on a horse before I could walk, and I have spent more time in the practice pen than I have spent anywhere else.”

One of the greatest lessons that rodeo has given Hailey is the ability to keep going until she achieves the result she wants. Working with horses and training young colts teaches patience.

Hailey shows her appreciation to the people who have shaped this journey in a heartfelt acknowledgment. “I’d like to thank my coaches, especially Coach Meier, for his unwavering support, and my family for always believing in me. And a special nod to Jerry and Sandy Harms for their guidance with my horses."

As Hailey continues chasing dreams and setting goals, Tiger Nation takes pride in having such an inspiring representative in the rodeo world. In fact, I have been told that this is only the fourth time FHSU has sent a student to the national rodeo – and the first time in more than 20 years!

The passion, determination, and grace shown during this journey will undoubtedly lead to more accomplishments in the future. Here’s to a promising hope for the next national rodeo and beyond—a true hometown hero, Hailey Witte

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Dr. Tisa Mason, Fort Hays State University president" />
 <figcaption>Dr. Tisa Mason, Fort Hays State University president</figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON FHSU PresidentFort Hays State University (FHSU) has a new reason to celebrate as Hailey Witte makes her mark in the world of rodeo. Hailing from Crookston, Nebraska, Hailey is not just an aspiring athlete but a true hometown hero who recently qualified to compete at the National Rodeo. Her achievements reflect the spirit and excellence that FHSU instills in its students.From a young age, rodeo has been at the heart of Hailey’s life, influenced heavily by family. With a father who was a team roper and bull rider, and an older sister who competed in high school rodeo, Hailey picked up the reins of the family legacy. “I’ve been around rodeoing my whole life, but I didn’t start competing until 8th grade.” With a major in Animal Science/Pre-Vet and a passion for barrel racing, Hailey is not just a competitor, but a rising star in the sport.“I found FHSU through a friend on the rodeo team who shared wonderful stories about the program. I was eager to take my rodeo career to the next level, and FHSU felt like the perfect place to do that."Competing in barrel racing, one of the fastest-paced events in rodeo, requires incredible skill and synergy between horse and rider. “In barrel racing, we have to navigate three barrels set in a cloverleaf pattern as quickly as possible. It takes a lot of training and precision,” Hailey said.Preparing for national competition brought its own unique set of challenges. “I treated it like any other rodeo and just practiced my normal routine.” The key is being consistent. Hailey has a piece of advice for young athletes aspiring to compete at the national level. “The more consistent you can be, the easier it is to perform at places like nationals.”During the preliminaries at the nationals, emotions ran high. “I had no idea what to expect, especially since the arena setup was different from what I was used to. But after the first two runs, I was really happy with how things were going.” It takes a very well-trained horse and rider to run at a barrel full speed and still run around the barrel without tipping it over.Although a slip-up in the third round resulted in .04 seconds short of making the short go (the top 12 and the final round). “I was already so proud of my horse, Hummer. Nationals is a big stage with a lot of pressure. This experience showed me just how competitive we can be, even against the best.”Looking ahead to the next season, Hailey is eager to return to nationals and improve in the upcoming rodeos. “I plan to make 75 percent of the short goes and showcase my other barrel horse, Billie. I’ve trained Billie for four years.”Being part of the rodeo team has positively influenced Hailey’s college experience. “It has helped me create a structured schedule, balancing homework with practice. The friendships I’ve made, both within my team and with other students, have been incredible.”Above all, rodeo is more than a sport for Hailey; it is a central part of her identity. “Rodeo has been my whole life since I was little and has shaped me into the person I am today. Without this sport, I don’t know who I would be or what I would be doing. I have been on a horse before I could walk, and I have spent more time in the practice pen than I have spent anywhere else.”One of the greatest lessons that rodeo has given Hailey is the ability to keep going until she achieves the result she wants. Working with horses and training young colts teaches patience.Hailey shows her appreciation to the people who have shaped this journey in a heartfelt acknowledgment. “I’d like to thank my coaches, especially Coach Meier, for his unwavering support, and my family for always believing in me. And a special nod to Jerry and Sandy Harms for their guidance with my horses."As Hailey continues chasing dreams and setting goals, Tiger Nation takes pride in having such an inspiring representative in the rodeo world. In fact, I have been told that this is only the fourth time FHSU has sent a student to the national rodeo – and the first time in more than 20 years!The passion, determination, and grace shown during this journey will undoubtedly lead to more accomplishments in the future. Here’s to a promising hope for the next national rodeo and beyond—a true hometown hero, Hailey Witte

Heart of a Tiger: Meet a barrel racing champion in the making

A hip-jutting, bold-shouldered posture made famous by actor James Dean, a flick of a hand through hair, extended eye contact, and a lingering second glance signals human interest in romance. Researchers have written entire books about body language people use when they want to hook up. Not surprisingly, other species’ signals read just as obviously.

In this region, we watch the spring strut where male turkeys fan tails and rattle feathers to attract hens. In more remote locales, we might spy male prairie chickens dancing and booming to catch the eye and ear of their ladylove. We laugh at rabbits coyly hopping over and around one another when they seek a mate. Sitting outside on a summer eve, we hear nearby frogs trilling and croaking love songs to woo female amphibians.

On warm June and July nights, love is everywhere, even, I learned, among fireflies flitting about my backyard. Years ago, I discovered these insects’ blinkers flash in search of romance. These enthralling light--then dark--then light beacons have everything to do with reproduction and nothing to do with my delight in their strobe effect. Focused research helped me understand how fireflies control their lights.

Scientists explain that this insect’s ability to glow involves the chemical nitric oxide, which coincidentally helps control human heartbeats and memories. It’s interesting that a chemical that brightens a summer night also has something to do with maintaining brain cells that replay recollections of times past. Humans may not glow and flash as fireflies do, but the elemental bond they share with this charming insect plays a critical role in both creatures’ well-being, though for entirely different purposes.

It also intrigued me to learn that the two hundred species of fireflies each have unique signals that differentiate them from other varieties of the species. Their specifically designed flashes attract appropriate mates. This is critical, considering the short span nature offers them to find partners. Those fleeting flickers are nature’s way to guarantee a favorite summertime insect continues to exist.

 In addition to discovering fireflies use blinking backsides to seek love, I also learned they spend two years in a larval state. In sharp contrast to this long incubation, they exist for two weeks in their beetle/firefly stage. During this brief 14-day period, they mate and lay eggs, according to a Tufts University study.

Two weeks is not much time to find a partner and start a family. Learning this makes me feel guilty for the years I collected fireflies in glass jars to admire in a dark bedroom and for the summers I encouraged our daughters to also enjoy this childhood ritual. Though we released our insects the following morning, we reduced their opportunities to produce offspring.

This information created a new resolve at this house. Those glowing bugs can have their whole beetle stage to find love and produce more blinking nighttime wonders. I won’t interfere in their romances. However, knowing such facts makes me blush to think I’m invading their privacy when I watch their summer light shows.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1752247588810.jpeg" alt="Firefly. Photo by Bruce Marlin" />
 <figcaption>Firefly. Photo by Bruce Marlin</figcaption>
 </figure>By KAREN MADORINA hip-jutting, bold-shouldered posture made famous by actor James Dean, a flick of a hand through hair, extended eye contact, and a lingering second glance signals human interest in romance. Researchers have written entire books about body language people use when they want to hook up. Not surprisingly, other species’ signals read just as obviously.In this region, we watch the spring strut where male turkeys fan tails and rattle feathers to attract hens. In more remote locales, we might spy male prairie chickens dancing and booming to catch the eye and ear of their ladylove. We laugh at rabbits coyly hopping over and around one another when they seek a mate. Sitting outside on a summer eve, we hear nearby frogs trilling and croaking love songs to woo female amphibians.On warm June and July nights, love is everywhere, even, I learned, among fireflies flitting about my backyard. Years ago, I discovered these insects’ blinkers flash in search of romance. These enthralling light--then dark--then light beacons have everything to do with reproduction and nothing to do with my delight in their strobe effect. Focused research helped me understand how fireflies control their lights.Scientists explain that this insect’s ability to glow involves the chemical nitric oxide, which coincidentally helps control human heartbeats and memories. It’s interesting that a chemical that brightens a summer night also has something to do with maintaining brain cells that replay recollections of times past. Humans may not glow and flash as fireflies do, but the elemental bond they share with this charming insect plays a critical role in both creatures’ well-being, though for entirely different purposes.It also intrigued me to learn that the two hundred species of fireflies each have unique signals that differentiate them from other varieties of the species. Their specifically designed flashes attract appropriate mates. This is critical, considering the short span nature offers them to find partners. Those fleeting flickers are nature’s way to guarantee a favorite summertime insect continues to exist. In addition to discovering fireflies use blinking backsides to seek love, I also learned they spend two years in a larval state. In sharp contrast to this long incubation, they exist for two weeks in their beetle/firefly stage. During this brief 14-day period, they mate and lay eggs, according to a Tufts University study.Two weeks is not much time to find a partner and start a family. Learning this makes me feel guilty for the years I collected fireflies in glass jars to admire in a dark bedroom and for the summers I encouraged our daughters to also enjoy this childhood ritual. Though we released our insects the following morning, we reduced their opportunities to produce offspring.This information created a new resolve at this house. Those glowing bugs can have their whole beetle stage to find love and produce more blinking nighttime wonders. I won’t interfere in their romances. However, knowing such facts makes me blush to think I’m invading their privacy when I watch their summer light shows.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: Let those fireflies blink—They’re on a mission

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Doug Williams, Grow Hays executive director, about the economic impact of Hays Regional Airport, along with an update about The Grove housing project.

<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Economic impact of Hays Regional Airport; Update on The Grove" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=qc5qr-1902166-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Doug Williams, Grow Hays executive director, about the economic impact of Hays Regional Airport, along with an update about The Grove housing project.

🎙 Post Podcast: Economic impact of Hays Regional Airport; The Grove development update

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By STEVE GILLILAND Explore Kansas Outdoors

As we walked up the sidewalk and across the patio at my grandson’s house the other night we had to watch our footing as the ground practically moved beneath our feet. 

Dozens of tiny toads the size of quarters hopped in every direction with each step. An adult toad the size of a peach, probably dad or grandpa, perched at the top of the porch. We usually have multitudes of toads at the Gilliland ranch every summer, tumbling from beneath the tomato plants or leaping from under the lilacs. This year though, oddly enough our place seems to be “toad deficient.” I miss the little blighters as they are nature’s ground crew for insect control.

Toad… the name itself conjures up visions of witches adding eyes of newts and wings of bats to a bubbling caldron of potion, or a derogatory remark about a person’s physical appearance. They’re fat and pudgy, their blotchy skin is covered with lumps and warts, their spring mating call sounds like a poor lost calf calling for its mother and they pee on anyone attempting to pick them up. You gotta’ love 'em! 

Their saving grace comes in the form of a voracious appetite for insects.

A few years back during a particularly wet spell like that of late, I spoke with Wildlife Diversity Coordinator for the state of Kansas, Ken Brunson, about the myriad of tiny toads that were literally everywhere that year. 

Just when I thought life was as simple as a toad, was a toad, was a toad, Ken informed me that toads have names, too. Ken said that 95% of the toads seen in Kansas are either Woodhouse’s Toads, or Great Plains Toads. Eastern Kansas also has some American toads and Spadefoot toads. 

Ken linked that year’s abundance of tiny toads to the abundance of standing water in places where there hadn’t been water for ages, and the flood waters forced many from their homes near the streams and swamps where they hatched, and sent them scrambling for higher ground.

Whatever their clan, all toads begin their life as jelly-covered strands of eggs laid in the shallows of swamps, streams and ponds. In about one week the eggs hatch into tadpoles. Next, hind legs begin to grow, then front legs, then lungs replace the gills, the tail is absorbed into the body, and finally, two to three weeks after hatching, the youngsters hop out onto dry land. Woodhouse and Great Plains toads both grow to be three to five inches long when fully mature.

Although not particularly athletic, toads are efficient predators and do have a ravenous appetite for insects. Research suggests that a toad is capable of eating two-thirds its body weight in insects daily.

 Worms of all kinds seem to be favorites as they’re probably easier to catch (and I’m sure more filling!) A study done on Great Plains toads in Oklahoma found that because of their fondness for dining on over-wintering cutworms, these toads were estimated to be worth twenty-five dollars apiece per year to the agriculture industry there. 

Their taste for bugs can easily be seen in their droppings. The black cigar shaped droppings found in driveways and on sidewalks this time of year are in fact, toad poo. When they have acres of yards, gardens and fields to potty in, I’ll never understand why they feel the need to go on the sidewalk or in the driveway (the least they could do is cart it away when they leave.) Next time you see some, take a stick and poke it apart; you’ll see it’s comprised entirely of undigested bug parts like legs and wings.

Contrary to the old-wives tale, handling a toad does not cause warts. The warts on their skin and the glands behind their eyes do, however, produce a toxin capable of making you sick if accidentally ingested. You’ve witnessed this toxin at work if you have ever seen your dog frothing and foaming at the mouth after playing with a toad in the yard.

With that in mind, I guess my advice to you concerning toads would be three-fold.

 1) If you suddenly find your dog foaming and frothing at the mouth, don’t shoot it, it probably just licked a toad.

3) ALWAYS hold a toad way out in front of you with both hands or you’re liable to get your shoes wet. 

So whenever a fat pudgy toad surprises you in the garden or flower bed, tip your hat to them and thank them for the insect removal service they provide. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1751986027498.png" alt="Female Great Plains Toad from Hamilton County, Kansas. Photo by Travis W. Taggart/FHSU" />
 <figcaption>Female Great Plains Toad from Hamilton County, Kansas. Photo by Travis W. Taggart/FHSU</figcaption>
 </figure>By STEVE GILLILAND Explore Kansas OutdoorsAs we walked up the sidewalk and across the patio at my grandson’s house the other night we had to watch our footing as the ground practically moved beneath our feet. Dozens of tiny toads the size of quarters hopped in every direction with each step. An adult toad the size of a peach, probably dad or grandpa, perched at the top of the porch. We usually have multitudes of toads at the Gilliland ranch every summer, tumbling from beneath the tomato plants or leaping from under the lilacs. This year though, oddly enough our place seems to be “toad deficient.” I miss the little blighters as they are nature’s ground crew for insect control.Toad… the name itself conjures up visions of witches adding eyes of newts and wings of bats to a bubbling caldron of potion, or a derogatory remark about a person’s physical appearance. They’re fat and pudgy, their blotchy skin is covered with lumps and warts, their spring mating call sounds like a poor lost calf calling for its mother and they pee on anyone attempting to pick them up. You gotta’ love 'em! Their saving grace comes in the form of a voracious appetite for insects.A few years back during a particularly wet spell like that of late, I spoke with Wildlife Diversity Coordinator for the state of Kansas, Ken Brunson, about the myriad of tiny toads that were literally everywhere that year. Just when I thought life was as simple as a toad, was a toad, was a toad, Ken informed me that toads have names, too. Ken said that 95% of the toads seen in Kansas are either Woodhouse’s Toads, or Great Plains Toads. Eastern Kansas also has some American toads and Spadefoot toads. Ken linked that year’s abundance of tiny toads to the abundance of standing water in places where there hadn’t been water for ages, and the flood waters forced many from their homes near the streams and swamps where they hatched, and sent them scrambling for higher ground.Whatever their clan, all toads begin their life as jelly-covered strands of eggs laid in the shallows of swamps, streams and ponds. In about one week the eggs hatch into tadpoles. Next, hind legs begin to grow, then front legs, then lungs replace the gills, the tail is absorbed into the body, and finally, two to three weeks after hatching, the youngsters hop out onto dry land. Woodhouse and Great Plains toads both grow to be three to five inches long when fully mature.Although not particularly athletic, toads are efficient predators and do have a ravenous appetite for insects. Research suggests that a toad is capable of eating two-thirds its body weight in insects daily. Worms of all kinds seem to be favorites as they’re probably easier to catch (and I’m sure more filling!) A study done on Great Plains toads in Oklahoma found that because of their fondness for dining on over-wintering cutworms, these toads were estimated to be worth twenty-five dollars apiece per year to the agriculture industry there. Their taste for bugs can easily be seen in their droppings. The black cigar shaped droppings found in driveways and on sidewalks this time of year are in fact, toad poo. When they have acres of yards, gardens and fields to potty in, I’ll never understand why they feel the need to go on the sidewalk or in the driveway (the least they could do is cart it away when they leave.) Next time you see some, take a stick and poke it apart; you’ll see it’s comprised entirely of undigested bug parts like legs and wings.Contrary to the old-wives tale, handling a toad does not cause warts. The warts on their skin and the glands behind their eyes do, however, produce a toxin capable of making you sick if accidentally ingested. You’ve witnessed this toxin at work if you have ever seen your dog frothing and foaming at the mouth after playing with a toad in the yard.With that in mind, I guess my advice to you concerning toads would be three-fold. 1) If you suddenly find your dog foaming and frothing at the mouth, don’t shoot it, it probably just licked a toad.2) Don’t lick a toad yourself.3) ALWAYS hold a toad way out in front of you with both hands or you’re liable to get your shoes wet. So whenever a fat pudgy toad surprises you in the garden or flower bed, tip your hat to them and thank them for the insect removal service they provide. Continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors!Steve can be contacted by email at stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Explore Kansas Outdoors: Insect removal technicians

Every summer we watch contentious creatures, especially birds and squirrels, who claim our yard as their local grocery store. Saucy king birds, shrill grackles, and thieving, bushy-tailed rodents scuffle and sometimes outright war at least once a week.

For the longest time, I sympathized with the poor squirrel who faced not one or two attackers but up to eight or nine. Then I learned Mr. or Miss Bushytail asked for every bit of WW III because it regularly robs nests to eat either eggs or babies. No wonder those kingbird and grackle pairs unite to wreak havoc.

The attacks begin when the squirrel enters the yard. Its reputation precedes it, triggering outcries from every bird in the vicinity, especially aggressive kingbirds and grackles. Once that rodent arrives, volume levels increase exponentially.

If luck holds, Bushytail may reach the seed feeding station, which resembles a white country church. Once in place, it prayerfully fills its jowls with sunflower kernels before the dive bombing begins. Such gobbling complicates its escape as it forces a decision to keep energy-packed calorie resources in its mouth or race unimpeded to safety.

Apparently, noise functions like a bugle call to nearby avian couples who lost family at the paws and jaw of said squirrel. Typically, three to four kingbird and two or three grackle pairs unite to attack. The aerodynamically superior kingbirds swarm the invader, swooping and diving with choreographed skill. They get close enough they yank hair from its wriggling body. The grackles join in with low level flyovers that incorporate unpleasant noise.

The other day, our birds began a prolonged attack on the squirrel while I was outside watering and caring for our new pup and a visiting grand-dog. The dogs were a recent addition so the squirrel got the surprise of its life when it thought it would run through the fence to escape to the south. Imagine reaching the road to freedom to find two yapping terriers.

Wily kingbirds took advantage of the squirrel’s confusion and desire not to lose its seed hoard. They repeatedly dove to tug hair tufts. All the while, four grackles screeched non-stop encouragement.

I decided this avian air corps needed to pursue battle unimpeded by shrill barking so the dogs and I escaped into the house. I assumed a front row seat at the dining room window to watch a 20-minute onslaught where 11 birds chased a now frantic squirrel up and down trees, in and out of garden rows, and across the lawn. I rooted for both sides.

Eventually, exhaustion demanded the break that led to truce. The spent squirrel, with now empty jowls, slurped long from one bird bath while its avian attackers headed east to a different dish. Thirst addressed, Bushytail crept to the seed-filled chapel to pray and replenish its stash. When the birds did not resume their attacks, the fatigued squirrel collapsed in shaded grass with all four legs splayed. I searched for hairless spots in its coat but saw none.

Knowing how Mother Nature works, that squirrel won’t quit robbing nests, but during that visit to its local grocer, our birds exacted a worthy toll for its nefarious actions.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KAREN MADORIN Every summer we watch contentious creatures, especially birds and squirrels, who claim our yard as their local grocery store. Saucy king birds, shrill grackles, and thieving, bushy-tailed rodents scuffle and sometimes outright war at least once a week.For the longest time, I sympathized with the poor squirrel who faced not one or two attackers but up to eight or nine. Then I learned Mr. or Miss Bushytail asked for every bit of WW III because it regularly robs nests to eat either eggs or babies. No wonder those kingbird and grackle pairs unite to wreak havoc.The attacks begin when the squirrel enters the yard. Its reputation precedes it, triggering outcries from every bird in the vicinity, especially aggressive kingbirds and grackles. Once that rodent arrives, volume levels increase exponentially.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1752154908510.jpeg" alt="Photo by Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>If luck holds, Bushytail may reach the seed feeding station, which resembles a white country church. Once in place, it prayerfully fills its jowls with sunflower kernels before the dive bombing begins. Such gobbling complicates its escape as it forces a decision to keep energy-packed calorie resources in its mouth or race unimpeded to safety.Apparently, noise functions like a bugle call to nearby avian couples who lost family at the paws and jaw of said squirrel. Typically, three to four kingbird and two or three grackle pairs unite to attack. The aerodynamically superior kingbirds swarm the invader, swooping and diving with choreographed skill. They get close enough they yank hair from its wriggling body. The grackles join in with low level flyovers that incorporate unpleasant noise.The other day, our birds began a prolonged attack on the squirrel while I was outside watering and caring for our new pup and a visiting grand-dog. The dogs were a recent addition so the squirrel got the surprise of its life when it thought it would run through the fence to escape to the south. Imagine reaching the road to freedom to find two yapping terriers.Wily kingbirds took advantage of the squirrel’s confusion and desire not to lose its seed hoard. They repeatedly dove to tug hair tufts. All the while, four grackles screeched non-stop encouragement.I decided this avian air corps needed to pursue battle unimpeded by shrill barking so the dogs and I escaped into the house. I assumed a front row seat at the dining room window to watch a 20-minute onslaught where 11 birds chased a now frantic squirrel up and down trees, in and out of garden rows, and across the lawn. I rooted for both sides.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1752155152325.jpeg" alt="Photo by Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>Eventually, exhaustion demanded the break that led to truce. The spent squirrel, with now empty jowls, slurped long from one bird bath while its avian attackers headed east to a different dish. Thirst addressed, Bushytail crept to the seed-filled chapel to pray and replenish its stash. When the birds did not resume their attacks, the fatigued squirrel collapsed in shaded grass with all four legs splayed. I searched for hairless spots in its coat but saw none.Knowing how Mother Nature works, that squirrel won’t quit robbing nests, but during that visit to its local grocer, our birds exacted a worthy toll for its nefarious actions.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: Exacting revenge—birds win!

By ALEXANDRA MIDDLEWOOD Insight Kansas

In Kansas, we pride ourselves on hard work, strong communities, and self-reliance.

Kansans value hard work, strong communities, and a sense of fairness. But over the past several months, decisions made in Washington have left many of our neighbors behind. While the rhetoric often celebrates rural America, the policies tell a different story. Kansas farmers and rural communities bear the brunt of recent federal funding cuts.

The Trump administration’s policy decisions have undermined the livelihoods and well-being of Kansans across the state by hurting our agricultural economy, straining our rural healthcare systems, and further fraying the safety net that supports our communities.

Start with Kansas agriculture. While national headlines focused on culture wars, the administration quietly slashed funding for the US Agency for International Development (USAID). That may seem like a distant concern, but USAID doesn’t just deliver humanitarian aid, it opens and stabilizes global markets for American-grown crops.

USAID’s Food for Peace program, in particular, has benefited Kansas farmers for decades by buying surplus wheat and grain harvests and sending them overseas as humanitarian aid, helping to stabilize prices here at home while feeding millions abroad.

When the U.S. pulled back from investing in international food security, it also pulled away from the long-term global demand for wheat, corn, soybeans, and other Kansas exports. 

In 2024, over half of Kansas-grown wheat was sold abroad, but those markets have now dried up and farmers are struggling to sell their goods. In fact, Kansas exported over $800 million worth of wheat in 2023, and more than $4.75 billion in total agricultural products in 2024, underscoring how vital international markets are to the state’s economy.

At the same time, Trump launched trade wars that sparked retaliatory tariffs from major trading partners like China, which have struck Kansas’ producers hard. According to state and independent estimates, Kansas farmers lost nearly $1 billion in income due to those retaliatory tariffs, especially in soybeans, wheat, and pork.

Despite emergency bailouts, many family farms have seen shrinking profits. For some Kansans, these cuts will mean the end of a multi-generational farming legacy. This isn’t just a market correction; it is the fallout of political choices that ignored the economic ecosystems rural states depend on.

These are not abstract policy changes. They are devastating blows to rural Kansas economies.

It’s important to be clear: these outcomes weren’t inevitable. They were the result of policy decisions that favored cuts over stability and care. Trump campaigned as a champion of the “forgotten man and woman,” appealing to working-class and rural voters in places like Kansas.

But his administration’s actions have abandoned Kansans who need the most help. The same administration that promised to “put America first” has without a doubt put rural America last.

To add insult to injury, most of Kansas’ House delegation has gone along with cutting federal funds every step of the way. Representatives Mann, Schmidt, and Estes all voted in favor, while Representative Davids was the sole opponent from Kansas’ House delegates.

The Senate is scheduled to vote on the USAID funding cuts in mid-July. Thus far, Senator Marshall has been an outspoken critic of USAID while Senator Moran has remained mostly silent on the organization itself. However, both Senators, and Moran in particular, have advocated that Food for Peace be moved to the US Department of Agriculture so the program can continue.

The long-term effects of these policies are still unfolding, but one thing is certain: cutting development aid at the expense of farmers is not building a stronger Kansas. It’s time we choose leaders who will invest in our people, protect our communities, and put Kansas first for real.

Kansas deserves elected officials who understand the realities of life in small towns and farming communities; leaders who don’t just use rural voters as a backdrop for campaign speeches, but who fight for policies that support hardworking Kansans.

Kansans know what it means to take care of each other. Our policies should reflect that.

Alexandra Middlewood, PhD, is an associate professor and chair of the Political Science Department at Wichita State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/2/1740007073583.jpeg" alt="Alexandra Middlewood&nbsp;is an associate professor and chair of the Political Science Department at Wichita State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alexandra Middlewood&nbsp;is an associate professor and chair of the Political Science Department at Wichita State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALEXANDRA MIDDLEWOOD Insight KansasIn Kansas, we pride ourselves on hard work, strong communities, and self-reliance.Kansans value hard work, strong communities, and a sense of fairness. But over the past several months, decisions made in Washington have left many of our neighbors behind. While the rhetoric often celebrates rural America, the policies tell a different story. Kansas farmers and rural communities bear the brunt of recent federal funding cuts.The Trump administration’s policy decisions have undermined the livelihoods and well-being of Kansans across the state by hurting our agricultural economy, straining our rural healthcare systems, and further fraying the safety net that supports our communities.Start with Kansas agriculture. While national headlines focused on culture wars, the administration quietly slashed funding for the US Agency for International Development (USAID). That may seem like a distant concern, but USAID doesn’t just deliver humanitarian aid, it opens and stabilizes global markets for American-grown crops.USAID’s Food for Peace program, in particular, has benefited Kansas farmers for decades by buying surplus wheat and grain harvests and sending them overseas as humanitarian aid, helping to stabilize prices here at home while feeding millions abroad.When the U.S. pulled back from investing in international food security, it also pulled away from the long-term global demand for wheat, corn, soybeans, and other Kansas exports. In 2024, over half of Kansas-grown wheat was sold abroad, but those markets have now dried up and farmers are struggling to sell their goods. In fact, Kansas exported over $800 million worth of wheat in 2023, and more than $4.75 billion in total agricultural products in 2024, underscoring how vital international markets are to the state’s economy.At the same time, Trump launched trade wars that sparked retaliatory tariffs from major trading partners like China, which have struck Kansas’ producers hard. According to state and independent estimates, Kansas farmers lost nearly $1 billion in income due to those retaliatory tariffs, especially in soybeans, wheat, and pork.Despite emergency bailouts, many family farms have seen shrinking profits. For some Kansans, these cuts will mean the end of a multi-generational farming legacy. This isn’t just a market correction; it is the fallout of political choices that ignored the economic ecosystems rural states depend on.These are not abstract policy changes. They are devastating blows to rural Kansas economies.It’s important to be clear: these outcomes weren’t inevitable. They were the result of policy decisions that favored cuts over stability and care. Trump campaigned as a champion of the “forgotten man and woman,” appealing to working-class and rural voters in places like Kansas.But his administration’s actions have abandoned Kansans who need the most help. The same administration that promised to “put America first” has without a doubt put rural America last.To add insult to injury, most of Kansas’ House delegation has gone along with cutting federal funds every step of the way. Representatives Mann, Schmidt, and Estes all voted in favor, while Representative Davids was the sole opponent from Kansas’ House delegates.The Senate is scheduled to vote on the USAID funding cuts in mid-July. Thus far, Senator Marshall has been an outspoken critic of USAID while Senator Moran has remained mostly silent on the organization itself. However, both Senators, and Moran in particular, have advocated that Food for Peace be moved to the US Department of Agriculture so the program can continue.The long-term effects of these policies are still unfolding, but one thing is certain: cutting development aid at the expense of farmers is not building a stronger Kansas. It’s time we choose leaders who will invest in our people, protect our communities, and put Kansas first for real.Kansas deserves elected officials who understand the realities of life in small towns and farming communities; leaders who don’t just use rural voters as a backdrop for campaign speeches, but who fight for policies that support hardworking Kansans.Kansans know what it means to take care of each other. Our policies should reflect that.Alexandra Middlewood, PhD, is an associate professor and chair of the Political Science Department at Wichita State University.

Insight Kansas: Washington abandoned rural Kansas — and farmers are paying for it

Do your children or grandchildren enjoy watching Wild Kratts, Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood, Curious George, or Sesame Street? Or do you watch state high school wrestling or 8-man football championships? Maybe you enjoy All Creatures Great and Small, Finding Your Roots, Antiques Roadshow, or Ken Burns history documentaries. 

Your ability to watch these and other programs on Smoky Hills PBS will be jeopardized if the Senate votes next week to rescind already-appropriated funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

Why is this important to Smoky Hills PBS?

This year Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) funding would make up 54% of Smoky Hills PBS’ revenues. The House of Representatives passed this Recission Bill last month. So if the Senate passes it by July 18th, this funding would be eliminated immediately, and would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to replace. 

CPB funding comprises such a high proportion of Smoky Hills PBS’ revenues because the station serves a very large area, about 51 counties, with a relatively-sparse population with four energy-intensive transmitters. The relatively small population in these counties makes fundraising much more challenging than for urban stations that serve much smaller areas with much higher populations.

What is the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (or CPB)?

CPB is the private, nonprofit corporation authorized by Congress to be the steward of funds Congress allocates for public broadcasting. Over 70% of the funding Congress allocates to the CPB goes to local public broadcasters like Smoky Hills PBS. On average, CPB costs the taxpayer $1.60, and its funding comprises 0.01% of the federal budget, so cutting its funding will not meaningfully cut the federal deficit. However, cutting its funding will significantly harm local public TV and radio stations and the people they serve.

Please call the local offices of Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall and leave a message telling them to vote against rescinding funding to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and why Smoky Hills PBS is important to you. The Senate will likely vote on this Bill the week of July 14th, so call today!

Senator Jerry Moran’s Hays Office: 785-628-6401

Senator Roger Marshall’s Salina Office: 785-829-9000

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698091063975.png" alt="Image by Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Image by Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>Do your children or grandchildren enjoy watching Wild Kratts, Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood, Curious George, or Sesame Street? Or do you watch state high school wrestling or 8-man football championships? Maybe you enjoy All Creatures Great and Small, Finding Your Roots, Antiques Roadshow, or Ken Burns history documentaries. Your ability to watch these and other programs on Smoky Hills PBS will be jeopardized if the Senate votes next week to rescind already-appropriated funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.Why is this important to Smoky Hills PBS?This year Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) funding would make up 54% of Smoky Hills PBS’ revenues. The House of Representatives passed this Recission Bill last month. So if the Senate passes it by July 18th, this funding would be eliminated immediately, and would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to replace. CPB funding comprises such a high proportion of Smoky Hills PBS’ revenues because the station serves a very large area, about 51 counties, with a relatively-sparse population with four energy-intensive transmitters. The relatively small population in these counties makes fundraising much more challenging than for urban stations that serve much smaller areas with much higher populations.What is the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (or CPB)?CPB is the private, nonprofit corporation authorized by Congress to be the steward of funds Congress allocates for public broadcasting. Over 70% of the funding Congress allocates to the CPB goes to local public broadcasters like Smoky Hills PBS. On average, CPB costs the taxpayer $1.60, and its funding comprises 0.01% of the federal budget, so cutting its funding will not meaningfully cut the federal deficit. However, cutting its funding will significantly harm local public TV and radio stations and the people they serve.What can you do?Please call the local offices of Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall and leave a message telling them to vote against rescinding funding to the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and why Smoky Hills PBS is important to you. The Senate will likely vote on this Bill the week of July 14th, so call today!Senator Jerry Moran’s Hays Office: 785-628-6401Senator Roger Marshall’s Salina Office: 785-829-9000Helen Hands Hays

LETTER: Tell Senators Moran and Marshall to protect funding for Smoky Hills PBS

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Bryan VonFeldt, treasurer of The Bricks board of directors about the Downtown Hays Market and the upcoming Bazaar on the Bricks.

<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: 'The Bricks' board treasurer Bryan VonFeldt" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=6ucwj-18f23ed-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Bryan VonFeldt, treasurer of The Bricks board of directors about the Downtown Hays Market and the upcoming Bazaar on the Bricks.

🎙 Post Podcast: 'The Bricks' board treasurer on Downtown Market, Bazaar on Bricks

By MICHAEL A. SMITH Insight Kansas

It’s Fourth of July season!&nbsp; Time for barbecues and Chinese-made fireworks (watch out for those tariffs). For Independence Day, I suggest also celebrating some folks that really make America great—immigrants.

Throughout our history, waves of immigrants have made our country stronger, bringing in new Americans willing to risk everything to live the American dream.

Immigrants believe the inscription at the base of the Statue of Liberty, “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free.” They work hard, raise families, and establish communities and businesses. Naturalized citizens take a citizenship test and an oath in which they swear off allegiance to any other government or leader.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Today, politicians and pundits spew outrage at the suggestion that the U.S. was founded on slavery and the removal of Native Americans.&nbsp; It’s a plain fact that these things happened.&nbsp; Yet they do not need to define us.

Himself the grandson of Irish migrants, President Kennedy offered a far more inspiring vision in his 1958 book,&nbsp;A Nation of Immigrants,&nbsp;which celebrated the American story. President Reagan was pro immigration too.

America is so much more than our sins of the past–and present.&nbsp; We are a dynamic, vibrant country that has repeatedly reinvented ourselves.&nbsp; Today, studies show that immigrants contribute far more to the U.S. economy than they take out– and yes, that is after accounting for public welfare benefits.

Immigrants stabilize the population of communities that would otherwise be declining, including many in rural Kansas. They take jobs that many native-born Americans will not.

 Studies show that immigration helps relieve one of America’s worst economic challenges today:&nbsp; the housing shortage. While immigrant families need housing too, the fact that many work in construction more than offsets that, resulting in a net increase in the nation’s housing stock.

Immigrants enrich our culture, while also becoming a part of it.&nbsp; Migrant families typically assimilate within three generations. The children of immigrants from non-English speaking countries are usually bilingual and serve as translators for their parents.&nbsp; The immigrants’ grandchildren typically speak English as their first and perhaps only language.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/4/1745349371713.jpeg" alt="Michael A. Smith is a&nbsp;Professor of Political Science and Chair of Social Sciences at Emporia State University.&nbsp; Courtesy photo&nbsp;&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Michael A. Smith is a&nbsp;Professor of Political Science and Chair of Social Sciences at Emporia State University.&nbsp; Courtesy photo&nbsp;&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHAEL A. SMITH Insight KansasIt’s Fourth of July season!&nbsp; Time for barbecues and Chinese-made fireworks (watch out for those tariffs). For Independence Day, I suggest also celebrating some folks that really make America great—immigrants.Throughout our history, waves of immigrants have made our country stronger, bringing in new Americans willing to risk everything to live the American dream.Immigrants believe the inscription at the base of the Statue of Liberty, “give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free.” They work hard, raise families, and establish communities and businesses. Naturalized citizens take a citizenship test and an oath in which they swear off allegiance to any other government or leader.&nbsp;&nbsp;Today, politicians and pundits spew outrage at the suggestion that the U.S. was founded on slavery and the removal of Native Americans.&nbsp; It’s a plain fact that these things happened.&nbsp; Yet they do not need to define us.Himself the grandson of Irish migrants, President Kennedy offered a far more inspiring vision in his 1958 book,&nbsp;A Nation of Immigrants,&nbsp;which celebrated the American story. President Reagan was pro immigration too.America is so much more than our sins of the past–and present.&nbsp; We are a dynamic, vibrant country that has repeatedly reinvented ourselves.&nbsp; Today, studies show that immigrants contribute far more to the U.S. economy than they take out– and yes, that is after accounting for public welfare benefits.Immigrants stabilize the population of communities that would otherwise be declining, including many in rural Kansas. They take jobs that many native-born Americans will not. Studies show that immigration helps relieve one of America’s worst economic challenges today:&nbsp; the housing shortage. While immigrant families need housing too, the fact that many work in construction more than offsets that, resulting in a net increase in the nation’s housing stock.Immigrants enrich our culture, while also becoming a part of it.&nbsp; Migrant families typically assimilate within three generations. The children of immigrants from non-English speaking countries are usually bilingual and serve as translators for their parents.&nbsp; The immigrants’ grandchildren typically speak English as their first and perhaps only language.A few years ago, TLC aired&nbsp;All American Muslim,&nbsp;about a Lebanese American family in suburban Detroit. The show was discontinued, but not because of prejudice. Instead, the family’s daily life was so typical, so suburban, so&nbsp;American, the show simply lacked the drama that reality TV viewers expect. Just another American family, nothing to see here.Immigration enriches our culture. For example, German immigrants brought us the Christmas tree. Today, more and more Americans observe&nbsp;Dia de los Muertes&nbsp;(Day of the Dead), a celebration of our ancestors. The day originated in Mexico and is becoming mainstream here.If you’re looking to binge watch something patriotic this weekend, I recommend&nbsp;Finding Your Roots&nbsp;with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Streaming on the PBS app Passport, the show features famous Americans whose ancestors come from all over the world. For most guests, researchers document their family history in the old country as well as their journeys to the United States, uncovering stories of courage, sacrifice, and hard work. Of course, some find scandal in their genealogy too. Many guests are brought to tears when Gates shows them a timeline of their family history. Even when records are unavailable, DNA testing and other research can help uncover more information about their past than they ever imagined possible.&nbsp;&nbsp;This Fourth of July, celebrate something that really makes the USA great. Welcome immigrants into your community and learn their American stories—and yours.Michael A. Smith is a&nbsp;Professor of Political Science and Chair of Social Sciences at Emporia State University.&nbsp;

Opinion