By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

While I spent 20 years in banking in a previous career, I would never claim to be an expert on investing. Melissa Schrag, Family and Community Wellness agent from the Central Kansas District, focuses on Family Resource Management and shared some great information, including definitions, about navigating investment markets and, with her permission, I’d like to share it with you.

Navigating Bear Markets: Tips for Staying Composed During Downturns

Wall Street may be nearing a bear market, as concerns grow that tariffs on imported goods could impact global economic stability. But what exactly is a bear market, and how can investors stay steady when markets dip?

A bear market is a period when the prices of securities, like stocks, fall by 20% or more from recent highs. It’s marked by widespread pessimism, negative investor sentiment, and selling pressure.

The term comes from the bear’s behavior—hibernation—symbolizing a market retreat. Conversely, a rising market is called a bull market, because bulls charge forward, representing upward momentum.

1. Keep Emotions in Check - Bear markets can be nerve-wracking. Fear and negative headlines can overwhelm you, but reacting emotionally often leads to poor decisions.

2. Don’t Try to Outrun the Bear - Avoid jumping in and out of the market. Selling during declines may cause you to miss the recovery. Remember: time in the market beats timing the market.

3. Stick to Your Long-Term Strategy - Focus on your long-term goals. Review your portfolio regularly to ensure it aligns with your objectives but avoid drastic changes based on short-term market swings.

4. Use the Downturn to Your Advantage - Bear markets offer opportunities to buy quality investments at lower prices. Consider rebalancing your portfolio to maintain your target asset allocation.

5. Adjust If You’re Taking Income - If you rely on investment income, consider reducing withdrawals temporarily. This helps your portfolio recover when markets rebound.

6. Stay Calm and Ignore the Noise - Bear markets come with plenty of doom-and-gloom headlines. Staying calm and sticking to your strategy usually leads to better outcomes.

If you found this article useful, Melissa would appreciate your follow up so take a moment and provide feedback at <a href="https://pears.io/engage/programs/responses/358797/?access_key=wS9Iut9">https://bit.ly/49SMXra</a>.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictWhile I spent 20 years in banking in a previous career, I would never claim to be an expert on investing. Melissa Schrag, Family and Community Wellness agent from the Central Kansas District, focuses on Family Resource Management and shared some great information, including definitions, about navigating investment markets and, with her permission, I’d like to share it with you.Navigating Bear Markets: Tips for Staying Composed During DownturnsWall Street may be nearing a bear market, as concerns grow that tariffs on imported goods could impact global economic stability. But what exactly is a bear market, and how can investors stay steady when markets dip?What is a Bear Market?A bear market is a period when the prices of securities, like stocks, fall by 20% or more from recent highs. It’s marked by widespread pessimism, negative investor sentiment, and selling pressure.Why the name “bear market?”The term comes from the bear’s behavior—hibernation—symbolizing a market retreat. Conversely, a rising market is called a bull market, because bulls charge forward, representing upward momentum.6 Tips to Navigate Bear Markets1. Keep Emotions in Check - Bear markets can be nerve-wracking. Fear and negative headlines can overwhelm you, but reacting emotionally often leads to poor decisions.2. Don’t Try to Outrun the Bear - Avoid jumping in and out of the market. Selling during declines may cause you to miss the recovery. Remember: time in the market beats timing the market.3. Stick to Your Long-Term Strategy - Focus on your long-term goals. Review your portfolio regularly to ensure it aligns with your objectives but avoid drastic changes based on short-term market swings.4. Use the Downturn to Your Advantage - Bear markets offer opportunities to buy quality investments at lower prices. Consider rebalancing your portfolio to maintain your target asset allocation.5. Adjust If You’re Taking Income - If you rely on investment income, consider reducing withdrawals temporarily. This helps your portfolio recover when markets rebound.6. Stay Calm and Ignore the Noise - Bear markets come with plenty of doom-and-gloom headlines. Staying calm and sticking to your strategy usually leads to better outcomes.If you found this article useful, Melissa would appreciate your follow up so take a moment and provide feedback at <a href="https://pears.io/engage/programs/responses/358797/?access_key=wS9Iut9">https://bit.ly/49SMXra</a>.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the Family and Community Wellness agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Navigating bear markets, staying composed during downturns

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Changes to your eyesight are normal with age.

 You may be less able to see up close without reading glasses. It may take your eyes longer to adjust to changing light levels. These problems can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or improved lighting.

 But some changes can be a sign of disease.

A condition called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults in the U.S. It’s caused by light-sensing tissue in the back of your eye, or retina, deteriorating. The deterioration happens in the center of the retina, called the macula. In advanced stages, AMD can make it hard to see things clearly when you look straight ahead. You may not be able to recognize faces, read, drive, or do certain household tasks independently.

You’re more likely to have AMD at age 55 and older. Smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure increase your risk for AMD. So does having a family history of the disease.

Dry AMD, also called atrophic AMD, is more common. This condition progresses through several stages. Early AMD has no symptoms. In intermediate AMD, you might notice mild blurriness or have trouble seeing in low light. Late AMD usually causes a blurry area or blank spots in or near the center of your vision. Colors may appear faded.

The other type is called neovascular, or wet, AMD. It can cause fast vision loss if not treated promptly. In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow in the back of the eye. These can bleed and leak fluid that damages the macula. A telltale sign is when straight lines appear wavy or crooked. Dry AMD can also turn into wet AMD.

It can take years for AMD to progress. When you detect it early, you can take steps to delay its progress.

An eye doctor can detect AMD using a dilated eye exam. In the exam, they dilate (or widen) your pupils using special eye drops. This allows them to see inside your eyes. They may also take pictures of the inside of your eye using a technique called optical coherence tomography.

If you are diagnosed with AMD, there are several things you can do to slow its progression. “For those early and intermediate stages, it’s all about a healthy lifestyle,” says Dr. Tiarnán Keenan, an ophthalmologist at NIH. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting enough physical activity,&nbsp;and not smoking. A healthy lifestyle may also lower your chances of getting AMD in the first place.

· Eat a healthy diet, including fruits and vegetables (especially dark leafy greens like spinach or kale) and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon or tuna).

· Get regular physical activity. Experts recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.

· Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

· Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. Get free help to quit smoking at smokefree.gov, 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669), or by texting QUIT to 47848.

· Get regular eye exams. Your eye doctor can tell you how often you need an exam based on your age and other risk factors.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictChanges to your eyesight are normal with age. You may be less able to see up close without reading glasses. It may take your eyes longer to adjust to changing light levels. These problems can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or improved lighting. But some changes can be a sign of disease.A condition called age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults in the U.S. It’s caused by light-sensing tissue in the back of your eye, or retina, deteriorating. The deterioration happens in the center of the retina, called the macula. In advanced stages, AMD can make it hard to see things clearly when you look straight ahead. You may not be able to recognize faces, read, drive, or do certain household tasks independently.You’re more likely to have AMD at age 55 and older. Smoking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure increase your risk for AMD. So does having a family history of the disease.There are two types of AMD. Dry AMD, also called atrophic AMD, is more common. This condition progresses through several stages. Early AMD has no symptoms. In intermediate AMD, you might notice mild blurriness or have trouble seeing in low light. Late AMD usually causes a blurry area or blank spots in or near the center of your vision. Colors may appear faded.The other type is called neovascular, or wet, AMD. It can cause fast vision loss if not treated promptly. In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow in the back of the eye. These can bleed and leak fluid that damages the macula. A telltale sign is when straight lines appear wavy or crooked. Dry AMD can also turn into wet AMD.It can take years for AMD to progress. When you detect it early, you can take steps to delay its progress.An eye doctor can detect AMD using a dilated eye exam. In the exam, they dilate (or widen) your pupils using special eye drops. This allows them to see inside your eyes. They may also take pictures of the inside of your eye using a technique called optical coherence tomography.If you are diagnosed with AMD, there are several things you can do to slow its progression. “For those early and intermediate stages, it’s all about a healthy lifestyle,” says Dr. Tiarnán Keenan, an ophthalmologist at NIH. This includes eating a healthy diet, getting enough physical activity,&nbsp;and not smoking. A healthy lifestyle may also lower your chances of getting AMD in the first place.Lower Your Risk of AMD· Eat a healthy diet, including fruits and vegetables (especially dark leafy greens like spinach or kale) and fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon or tuna).· Get regular physical activity. Experts recommend getting at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.· Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.· Don’t smoke, or quit if you do. Get free help to quit smoking at smokefree.gov, 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669), or by texting QUIT to 47848.· Get regular eye exams. Your eye doctor can tell you how often you need an exam based on your age and other risk factors.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Healthy lifestyle can protect eye health

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Cattle incapable of relieving themselves of high temperatures experience heat stress. Humans alleviate overheating through sweating, but Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said cattle do not have that option.

“Heat stress coping behaviors is what we see when cattle are adapting to warmer temperatures,” he said. “Whenever we get hot, we sweat to maintain homeostasis. For livestock species, and especially cattle, that capability gets overwhelmed. They dissipate heat in other ways like increasing their respiratory rate (breathing) by panting.”&nbsp;

Besides panting, producers identify heat stress by their increased standing, large groups of animals bunching up close to water tanks and crowding in shaded areas.

“They're trying to get increased airflow by standing, but they actually end up using each other as shade which is counter-productive,” Tarpoff said.

High temperatures and humidity, slow wind speeds and increased solar radiation comprise the four weather conditions contributing to heat stress.

“When we're comfortable, cattle might not be and vice versa. We really need to consider those four key parameters,” Tarpoff said. “We have an animal comfort index that uses the four of them to get a feel on how cattle are experiencing their environment.”

Monitor the animal comfort index in Kansas through the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/">K-State Mesonet</a>.

Correctly managing heat stress has proven to be essential for maximizing animal wellbeing and performance, according to Tarpoff.

“It is one of those critical chores just as important as feeding or making sure the animals have water. Whether we are asking them to be good cows or an animal to produce beef in a feedlot, we need to put them in scenarios where they’re more comfortable because then they are more productive,” he said.

Tarpoff urges operations housing their cattle in dry lots to keep it simple when developing a plan to lessen the consequences of heat stress.“

Whenever it comes to heat stress, it's back to the basics: feed and water. Water intake can nearly double as temperatures rise from 70 to 90 degrees (Fahrenheit). We need more water access, flow and availability for those animals,” he said. “We might be able to modify our feeding times to alleviate some of these stressors. Whenever we feed cattle, we feed the rumen microbes, and that comes at a cost called the heat of fermentation. We can feed later in the evening, so the digestion happens during the cooler nighttime hours.”

Producers often construct shades to cool off cattle in times of unrelenting heat. A recent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol9/iss1/3/">study</a>&nbsp;conducted by K-State researchers looking at effects of shade on heat stress revealed that shade structures can impact more than just animal temperature.

“They are a piece of infrastructure,” Tarpoff said. “That two-year trial showed added benefits of investing in shades. We saw increased feed efficiency, increased growth rate and increased average daily gain. We also saw reduced panting rates and water consumption needs by over a gallon per head per day.”

Additionally, bedding pens with straw can reduce the pen floor temperature by 25 degrees and fence-line sprinklers help lower ground temperatures and keep cattle cool if used in the overnight hours, according to Tarpoff.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictCattle incapable of relieving themselves of high temperatures experience heat stress. Humans alleviate overheating through sweating, but Kansas State University beef extension veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said cattle do not have that option.“Heat stress coping behaviors is what we see when cattle are adapting to warmer temperatures,” he said. “Whenever we get hot, we sweat to maintain homeostasis. For livestock species, and especially cattle, that capability gets overwhelmed. They dissipate heat in other ways like increasing their respiratory rate (breathing) by panting.”&nbsp;Besides panting, producers identify heat stress by their increased standing, large groups of animals bunching up close to water tanks and crowding in shaded areas.“They're trying to get increased airflow by standing, but they actually end up using each other as shade which is counter-productive,” Tarpoff said.High temperatures and humidity, slow wind speeds and increased solar radiation comprise the four weather conditions contributing to heat stress.“When we're comfortable, cattle might not be and vice versa. We really need to consider those four key parameters,” Tarpoff said. “We have an animal comfort index that uses the four of them to get a feel on how cattle are experiencing their environment.”Monitor the animal comfort index in Kansas through the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/animal/">K-State Mesonet</a>.Correctly managing heat stress has proven to be essential for maximizing animal wellbeing and performance, according to Tarpoff.“It is one of those critical chores just as important as feeding or making sure the animals have water. Whether we are asking them to be good cows or an animal to produce beef in a feedlot, we need to put them in scenarios where they’re more comfortable because then they are more productive,” he said.Tarpoff urges operations housing their cattle in dry lots to keep it simple when developing a plan to lessen the consequences of heat stress.“Whenever it comes to heat stress, it's back to the basics: feed and water. Water intake can nearly double as temperatures rise from 70 to 90 degrees (Fahrenheit). We need more water access, flow and availability for those animals,” he said. “We might be able to modify our feeding times to alleviate some of these stressors. Whenever we feed cattle, we feed the rumen microbes, and that comes at a cost called the heat of fermentation. We can feed later in the evening, so the digestion happens during the cooler nighttime hours.”Producers often construct shades to cool off cattle in times of unrelenting heat. A recent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol9/iss1/3/">study</a>&nbsp;conducted by K-State researchers looking at effects of shade on heat stress revealed that shade structures can impact more than just animal temperature.“They are a piece of infrastructure,” Tarpoff said. “That two-year trial showed added benefits of investing in shades. We saw increased feed efficiency, increased growth rate and increased average daily gain. We also saw reduced panting rates and water consumption needs by over a gallon per head per day.”Additionally, bedding pens with straw can reduce the pen floor temperature by 25 degrees and fence-line sprinklers help lower ground temperatures and keep cattle cool if used in the overnight hours, according to Tarpoff.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Heat stress in cattle

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Chinch bug activity has been elevated in Kansas over the last couple of seasons. Now would be a good time to discuss the differences between chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus) and false chinch bugs (Nysius sp.). To make proper management decisions, knowing how to correctly identify these insects is critical.

Adult chinch bugs are less than ¼ inch long bugs with black bodies and white wings that are kept folded over their backs. Two dark, triangular markings are present near the center of the wings, creating a distinctive “X” mark (Figure 1).

Adult false chinch bugs are very similar in appearance, but smaller. Instead of having black bodies, false chinch bugs are brownish-gray with clear wings that lack a distinct “X” mark (Figure 2).

Immature chinch bugs are bright red after hatching, darkening to black as they go through a series of five molts. A distinct white band will be visible across the nymphs’ bodies until the wing buds become large enough to obscure it.

Immature false chinch bugs are grayish-brown, never bright red, and lack the white band across their bodies.

Chinch bugs and false chinch bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera, which means they both have piercing-sucking mouthparts that they use to puncture plant tissue to feed on plant juices. 

However, the symptoms of feeding appear differently for these two bugs. 

When chinch bugs feed, digestive enzymes are injected into the plant tissue, causing it to break down and discolor. Reddish spots are often present at chinch bug feeding sites. Heavy chinch bug feeding can also cause stunting, wilting, and necrotic lesions on plants. 

False chinch bug feeding, on the other hand, usually has little effect on plants, but extreme numbers of the bugs on a plant can cause wilting and death.

Be proactive about chinch bug management - think about chinch bug management before wheat is harvested. Simply relying on rescue treatments for young sorghum fields is not recommended. If possible, avoid planting sorghum adjacent to wheat, particularly if the wheat stand is thin and stressed out. 

Wheat fields should be scouted for the presence of chinch bugs before harvest to provide an estimate of risk to newly planted sorghum fields. One adult chinch bug or five nymphs per foot of row will be a hazard to the borders of sorghum planted nearby. If chinch bug problems are expected, an early planted trap crop of sorghum can be utilized between&nbsp;the wheat and sorghum fields, and this trap crop can be sprayed if migrating chinch bugs become numerous.

&nbsp;Follow-up sprays will likely be needed if the local chinch bug population is high; five chinch bugs per seedling would warrant action. Planting time insecticides and seed treatments can provide some early protection for young sorghum, but their effectiveness deteriorates beyond a few weeks. 

Additionally, scouting should be done weekly during the growing season. Plants that are a foot tall and all the way through flowering can be damaged by 50 chinch bugs per plant.

Additional details on life history and management recommendations for these two pests can be found in the following Kansas Crop Pest publications:

· Chinch Bug: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/chinch-bug-kansas-crop-pests_MF3107.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3107.pdf</a> · False Chinch bug: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/false-chinch-bug-kansas-crop-pests_MF3047.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3047.pdf</a>

Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo." />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo.</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictChinch bug activity has been elevated in Kansas over the last couple of seasons. Now would be a good time to discuss the differences between chinch bugs (Blissus leucopterus) and false chinch bugs (Nysius sp.). To make proper management decisions, knowing how to correctly identify these insects is critical.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1749044121354.png" alt="Fig. 1. Adult chinch bug. Photo by K-State Entomology" />
 <figcaption>Fig. 1. Adult chinch bug. Photo by K-State Entomology</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1749044669704.png" alt="Fig. 2. Adult false chinch bug. Note the lack of a dark “X.” Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Fig. 2. Adult false chinch bug. Note the lack of a dark “X.” Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Adult chinch bugs are less than ¼ inch long bugs with black bodies and white wings that are kept folded over their backs. Two dark, triangular markings are present near the center of the wings, creating a distinctive “X” mark (Figure 1).Adult false chinch bugs are very similar in appearance, but smaller. Instead of having black bodies, false chinch bugs are brownish-gray with clear wings that lack a distinct “X” mark (Figure 2).Immature chinch bugs are bright red after hatching, darkening to black as they go through a series of five molts. A distinct white band will be visible across the nymphs’ bodies until the wing buds become large enough to obscure it.Immature false chinch bugs are grayish-brown, never bright red, and lack the white band across their bodies.Chinch bugs and false chinch bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera, which means they both have piercing-sucking mouthparts that they use to puncture plant tissue to feed on plant juices. However, the symptoms of feeding appear differently for these two bugs. When chinch bugs feed, digestive enzymes are injected into the plant tissue, causing it to break down and discolor. Reddish spots are often present at chinch bug feeding sites. Heavy chinch bug feeding can also cause stunting, wilting, and necrotic lesions on plants. False chinch bug feeding, on the other hand, usually has little effect on plants, but extreme numbers of the bugs on a plant can cause wilting and death.Be proactive about chinch bug management - think about chinch bug management before wheat is harvested. Simply relying on rescue treatments for young sorghum fields is not recommended. If possible, avoid planting sorghum adjacent to wheat, particularly if the wheat stand is thin and stressed out. Wheat fields should be scouted for the presence of chinch bugs before harvest to provide an estimate of risk to newly planted sorghum fields. One adult chinch bug or five nymphs per foot of row will be a hazard to the borders of sorghum planted nearby. If chinch bug problems are expected, an early planted trap crop of sorghum can be utilized between&nbsp;the wheat and sorghum fields, and this trap crop can be sprayed if migrating chinch bugs become numerous.&nbsp;Follow-up sprays will likely be needed if the local chinch bug population is high; five chinch bugs per seedling would warrant action. Planting time insecticides and seed treatments can provide some early protection for young sorghum, but their effectiveness deteriorates beyond a few weeks. Additionally, scouting should be done weekly during the growing season. Plants that are a foot tall and all the way through flowering can be damaged by 50 chinch bugs per plant.Additional details on life history and management recommendations for these two pests can be found in the following Kansas Crop Pest publications:· Chinch Bug: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/chinch-bug-kansas-crop-pests_MF3107.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3107.pdf</a> · False Chinch bug: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/false-chinch-bug-kansas-crop-pests_MF3047.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3047.pdf</a>Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Identifying chinch bugs, false chinch bugs for better pest management

Cottonwood Extension District<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1749218915582.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>

Babysitting clinic for youth 10 and older offered July 30

Cottonwood Extension District<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1749218596633.jpeg" alt=" " />
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 </figure>

Prenatal education series 'Becoming a Mom' offered in Hays this summer

Cottonwood Extension District<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1749046521958.png" alt=" " />
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Stay Strong, Stay Healthy program offered by Cottonwood Extension District 

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays Post

The deadline for candidates to file for the 2025 city and
school board elections has passed, and while there are several contested races,
there aren’t enough candidates vying for each position to hold a preliminary
election. 

Instead, all races will be decided in the November general
election.

Nine candidates are vying for two four-year and one two-year
term on the Hays City Commission. 

Those candidates are incumbents Reese Barrick, Shaun Musil
and Sandy Jacobs. Other candidates include David Vilaysing, Candace (CJ)
Hathaway, Samuel Allen, Justin Choitz, Kelly Ancar and David Koshiol.

There are three at-large seats open on the Ellis City
Council. Incumbent John A. Walz and Mayor David R. McDaniel will be on the
ballot along with Kevin LaBarge.

Just one person filed for the Schoenchen City Council: Jim
Mowry. There are five positions up for election.

Ryan Lichter and Matthew L Sander filed for two of the three
open seats on the Victoria City Council.

Other contested races include the contest for three seats on
the Hays USD 489 School Board. 

Ken Brooks, Curt C. Vajnar, Craig Pallister, Meagan
Zampieri-Lillpopp and Kelly Ancar all filed to run for those three seats. 

Five Victoria residents will be facing off for three spots
on the USD 432 Victoria School Board. 

Those five candidates are Shanna Dinkel, Jacob Hunter, Connie
Braun, Jeanna Wellbrock and Jennifer Berens. 

There are also four Russell residents vying for three seats
on the Russell School Board. They are Joyce Ellis, Nancy M. Schmitt, Shari
Pittenger and Many K. Troug.

There are also contested races for the Big Creek, Munjor,
Prairie Acres and Suburban Estates Improvement Districts, as well as Cottonwood
Extension District #17. 

You can find the complete list of candidates below.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/5/1747840530130.jpg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays PostThe deadline for candidates to file for the 2025 city and
school board elections has passed, and while there are several contested races,
there aren’t enough candidates vying for each position to hold a preliminary
election. Instead, all races will be decided in the November general
election.Nine candidates are vying for two four-year and one two-year
term on the Hays City Commission. Those candidates are incumbents Reese Barrick, Shaun Musil
and Sandy Jacobs. Other candidates include David Vilaysing, Candace (CJ)
Hathaway, Samuel Allen, Justin Choitz, Kelly Ancar and David Koshiol.There are three at-large seats open on the Ellis City
Council. Incumbent John A. Walz and Mayor David R. McDaniel will be on the
ballot along with Kevin LaBarge.Just one person filed for the Schoenchen City Council: Jim
Mowry. There are five positions up for election.Ryan Lichter and Matthew L Sander filed for two of the three
open seats on the Victoria City Council.Other contested races include the contest for three seats on
the Hays USD 489 School Board. Ken Brooks, Curt C. Vajnar, Craig Pallister, Meagan
Zampieri-Lillpopp and Kelly Ancar all filed to run for those three seats. Five Victoria residents will be facing off for three spots
on the USD 432 Victoria School Board. Those five candidates are Shanna Dinkel, Jacob Hunter, Connie
Braun, Jeanna Wellbrock and Jennifer Berens. There are also four Russell residents vying for three seats
on the Russell School Board. They are Joyce Ellis, Nancy M. Schmitt, Shari
Pittenger and Many K. Troug.There are also contested races for the Big Creek, Munjor,
Prairie Acres and Suburban Estates Improvement Districts, as well as Cottonwood
Extension District #17. You can find the complete list of candidates below.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1748987748023.png" alt=" " />
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Candidate field set for fall general election

By TONY GUERRERO Hays Post

The 2025 Ellis County Community Fair will unite health and support services under one roof in Hays.

The Ellis County Health Department will host this year’s fair from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Thursday at Big Creek Crossing, 2918 Vine St., offering attendees a chance to discover local resources.

"Our greatest mission is bridging the gap between public services and people who need them," Ellis County Health Department director, Mellisa Miller, said.

The third-annual fair will feature booths from organizations such as the Alzheimer's Association, Catholic Charities, Cottonwood Extension District, Hays Recreation Commission, High Plains Mental Health, United Way of Ellis County and USD 489.

The event is free to attend, but the health department will also provide $25 sports physicals for the upcoming school year with no appointment required.

Activities will include cornhole, balloon pop, prize wheels, face painting, ring toss and a bingo-style raffle with a $450 prize.

"Each vendor will have a stamp for the attendees' bingo card. And then when their bingo card is full, we'll draw a card and the winner will be notified," Miller said.

In addition to booths inside the mall, outdoor vendors and organizations will feature the Hays Public Library bookmobile, KansasWorks Mobile Center and Chick-fil-A.

The first 50 attendees will get free hot dogs and popcorn.

"We just wanted to create an inviting environment with a carnival theme, so a little less like a resource fair and more like a celebration of the community and what it has to offer," Miller said.

You can find more information on the Ellis County Health Department&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ellisco.net/97/Health">here&nbsp;</a>and follow it on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/elliscokshealth/">Facebook</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/6/1748888082139.jpeg" alt="2023 Ellis County Community Fair at Big Creek Crossing in Hays. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>2023 Ellis County Community Fair at Big Creek Crossing in Hays. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By TONY GUERRERO Hays PostThe 2025 Ellis County Community Fair will unite health and support services under one roof in Hays.The Ellis County Health Department will host this year’s fair from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Thursday at Big Creek Crossing, 2918 Vine St., offering attendees a chance to discover local resources. "Our greatest mission is bridging the gap between public services and people who need them," Ellis County Health Department director, Mellisa Miller, said.The third-annual fair will feature booths from organizations such as the Alzheimer's Association, Catholic Charities, Cottonwood Extension District, Hays Recreation Commission, High Plains Mental Health, United Way of Ellis County and USD 489.The event is free to attend, but the health department will also provide $25 sports physicals for the upcoming school year with no appointment required.Activities will include cornhole, balloon pop, prize wheels, face painting, ring toss and a bingo-style raffle with a $450 prize."Each vendor will have a stamp for the attendees' bingo card. And then when their bingo card is full, we'll draw a card and the winner will be notified," Miller said.In addition to booths inside the mall, outdoor vendors and organizations will feature the Hays Public Library bookmobile, KansasWorks Mobile Center and Chick-fil-A.The first 50 attendees will get free hot dogs and popcorn."We just wanted to create an inviting environment with a carnival theme, so a little less like a resource fair and more like a celebration of the community and what it has to offer," Miller said.You can find more information on the Ellis County Health Department&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ellisco.net/97/Health">here&nbsp;</a>and follow it on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/elliscokshealth/">Facebook</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;

2025 Ellis County Community Fair set for Thursday in Hays

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension

June is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts.

Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. Bermudagrass used on athletic fields needs about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season. High-quality home lawns are often given 3 pounds per 1000 square feet and low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.. Apply this as separate applications, about 4 weeks apart consisting of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May for athletic fields. It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application for no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter-kill.

Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch. Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as "slowly available" or "water insoluble."

Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen, but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season. As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood ExtensionJune is the time to fertilize warm-season lawn grasses such as bermudagrass, buffalograss and zoysiagrass. These species all thrive in warmer summer weather, so this is the time they respond best to fertilization. The most important nutrient is nitrogen (N), and these three species need it in varying amounts.Bermudagrass requires the most nitrogen. Bermudagrass used on athletic fields needs about 4 lbs. nitrogen per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season. High-quality home lawns are often given 3 pounds per 1000 square feet and low maintenance areas can get by on 2 lbs.. Apply this as separate applications, about 4 weeks apart consisting of 1 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. starting in early May for athletic fields. It is already too late for the May application, but the June application is just around the corner. The nitrogen can come from either a quick- or slow-release source. So any lawn fertilizer will work. Plan the last application for no later than August 15. This helps ensure the bermudagrass is not overstimulated, making it susceptible to winter-kill.Zoysiagrass grows more slowly than bermudagrass and is prone to develop thatch. Consequently, it does not need as much nitrogen. In fact, too much is worse than too little. One and one-half to 2 pounds N per 1,000 sq. ft. during the season is sufficient. Split the total in two and apply once in early June and again around mid-July. Slow-release nitrogen is preferable but quick-release is acceptable. Slow-release nitrogen is sometimes listed as "slowly available" or "water insoluble."Buffalograss requires the least nitrogen of all lawn species commonly grown in Kansas. It will survive and persist with no supplemental nitrogen, but giving it one lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. will improve color and density. This application should be made in early June. For a little darker color, fertilize it as described for zoysiagrass in the previous paragraph, but do not apply more than a total of 2 lb. N per 1,000 sq. ft. in one season. As with zoysia, slow-release nitrogen is preferable, but fast-release is also OK. As for all turfgrasses, phosphorus and potassium are best applied according to soil test results because many soils already have adequate amounts of these nutrients for turfgrass growth. If you need to apply phosphorus or potassium, it is best to core aerate beforehand to ensure the nutrients reach the roots.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

BOOR: Fertalize warm season grasses

Screens are having a profound effect on our world and our children. 

Most experts in the early childhood field recommend no screen time for children under two years old. The only screen time that would be beneficial for a young child might include video chatting with important people in their lives. 

Screen time can affect children in many ways from developmental, behaviorally, and their physical health. Screen time often gets replaced by things that are important for children to experience. 

Just 10 Minutes is an initiative aimed at helping combat the effect of screen time in our lives and our relationships.

JustTenMinutes.org is a nonprofit initiative dedicated to helping families strengthen their relationships through daily, intentional, screen-free moments. The organization encourages parents and caregivers to set aside just 10 minutes each day for focused, undistracted connection with their children. These brief interactions—such as reading together, drawing, or sharing a favorite memory—are designed to nurture emotional growth, support brain development, and create lasting memories.

The initiative emphasizes the power of small, consistent actions. It provides research-backed insights into how short, meaningful interactions can have a profound impact on a child's development and a family's well-being. The organization also offers resources and activity ideas to help families make the most of their 10-minute connections.

JustTenMinutes.org collaborates with various partners, including healthcare organizations and community groups, to promote its message and expand its reach. Community partners such as Advent Health Kansas City Foundation, Kansas Head Start Association (KHSA), Kansas Parents as Teachers Association (KPATA) and Sing Play Love indicate a broad network of support for its mission.

The website invites visitors to join its efforts by exploring activities, sharing experiences, and connecting with others who are committed to making meaningful moments a daily habit. Through its "Get Involved" section, JustTenMinutes.org provides opportunities for individuals and organizations to contribute to its mission of fostering stronger families and communities.

"Life moves quickly, and finding time for meaningful moments can feel challenging," says the organization's mission statement. "But what if you could make a significant impact in just 10 minutes a day?"

The initiative offers a variety of simple, research-backed activities designed to nurture emotional growth and build lasting memories. From nature art bracelets to finger counting games for toddlers, the website provides resources that are easy to integrate into daily routines. For more information or to get involved, visit JustTenMinutes.org.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/5/1747158699683.jpeg" alt="Photo by Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictScreens are having a profound effect on our world and our children. Most experts in the early childhood field recommend no screen time for children under two years old. The only screen time that would be beneficial for a young child might include video chatting with important people in their lives. Screen time can affect children in many ways from developmental, behaviorally, and their physical health. Screen time often gets replaced by things that are important for children to experience. Just 10 Minutes is an initiative aimed at helping combat the effect of screen time in our lives and our relationships.JustTenMinutes.org is a nonprofit initiative dedicated to helping families strengthen their relationships through daily, intentional, screen-free moments. The organization encourages parents and caregivers to set aside just 10 minutes each day for focused, undistracted connection with their children. These brief interactions—such as reading together, drawing, or sharing a favorite memory—are designed to nurture emotional growth, support brain development, and create lasting memories.The initiative emphasizes the power of small, consistent actions. It provides research-backed insights into how short, meaningful interactions can have a profound impact on a child's development and a family's well-being. The organization also offers resources and activity ideas to help families make the most of their 10-minute connections.JustTenMinutes.org collaborates with various partners, including healthcare organizations and community groups, to promote its message and expand its reach. Community partners such as Advent Health Kansas City Foundation, Kansas Head Start Association (KHSA), Kansas Parents as Teachers Association (KPATA) and Sing Play Love indicate a broad network of support for its mission.The website invites visitors to join its efforts by exploring activities, sharing experiences, and connecting with others who are committed to making meaningful moments a daily habit. Through its "Get Involved" section, JustTenMinutes.org provides opportunities for individuals and organizations to contribute to its mission of fostering stronger families and communities."Life moves quickly, and finding time for meaningful moments can feel challenging," says the organization's mission statement. "But what if you could make a significant impact in just 10 minutes a day?"The initiative offers a variety of simple, research-backed activities designed to nurture emotional growth and build lasting memories. From nature art bracelets to finger counting games for toddlers, the website provides resources that are easy to integrate into daily routines. For more information or to get involved, visit JustTenMinutes.org.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

Kansas-based nonprofit promotes family connection through just 10 minutes a day

Ellis County Clerk/Election Office

The deadline to file for candidacy in the upcoming General Election is fast
approaching.

If you are interested in running for a position that will appear
on the Nov. 4, ballot, you must file by noon Monday, June 2. Positions on the Ballot include:

Ellis City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellis City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellis City Treasurer &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ellis City Council members

Hays City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hays City Commission (two
4-year term and one 2-year term)

Schoenchen City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Schoenchen City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Schoenchen City
Council members

Victoria City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Victoria City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Victoria City
Council members

USD 388: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positions &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
Unexpired term (2-year term)

USD 432 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positions

USD 489 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positions

Big Creek Improvement District&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director positions

Prairie Acres Improvement District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director positions

Suburban Estates Improvement District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director Positions

Munjor Improvement district &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 Director
positions

Cottonwood Extension District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 Board
positions

Each position requires a $20 filing fee, and candidates
must complete the required paperwork to file. 

If you have any questions, contact the Ellis County Clerk’s Office at
785-628-9410.

Ellis County Clerk/Election OfficeThe deadline to file for candidacy in the upcoming General Election is fast
approaching.If you are interested in running for a position that will appear
on the Nov. 4, ballot, you must file by noon Monday, June 2. Positions on the Ballot include:Ellis City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellis City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ellis City Treasurer &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ellis City Council membersHays City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hays City Commission (two
4-year term and one 2-year term)Schoenchen City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Schoenchen City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Schoenchen City
Council membersVictoria City: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
position&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Victoria City Mayor &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
positions&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Victoria City
Council membersUSD 388: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positions &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1
Unexpired term (2-year term)USD 432 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positionsUSD 489 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
District at-large positionsBig Creek Improvement District&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director positionsPrairie Acres Improvement District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director positionsSuburban Estates Improvement District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3
Director PositionsMunjor Improvement district &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3 Director
positionsCottonwood Extension District &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2 Board
positions Each position requires a $20 filing fee, and candidates
must complete the required paperwork to file. If you have any questions, contact the Ellis County Clerk’s Office at
785-628-9410.

Election filing deadline approaching

Kansas earns ‘D’ on March of Dimes Report Card

By&nbsp;<a href="mailto:melgares@ksu.edu" target="_blank">PAT MELGARES </a><a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news-and-publications/news/stories/2025/05/health-preterm-births-in-kansas.html">K-State Research and Extension News Service&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>

MANHATTAN – A Kansas State University extension agent is hailing the success of a pair of programs that have helped to address a high rate of preterm births in the state.

Monique Koerner, a family community wellness agent in K-State Research and Extension’s Cottonwood District, called the state’s preterm birth rate “concerning.”

“The chronic conditions that many in our state face is concerning,” she said. “But there are a lot of ways that we can help improve the health of our maternal child health population.”

In its 2024 Report Card highlighting the collective factors that contribute to maternal and infant mortality and morbidity in the United States, the March of Dimes called the nation’s preterm birth rate “alarmingly high.”

The report notes that in 2023, more than 370,000 babies were born preterm, about 10.4% of all births. Kansas was one of 15 states that earned a ‘D’ on the report card, with 10.5% of all births considered preterm.

The March of Dimes’ report notes that chronic health conditions caused by smoking, hypertension, unhealthy weight and diabetes contribute to high rates of preterm births in Kansas.

Koerner has recently introduced a prenatal education program called&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kdhe.ks.gov/577/Becoming-a-Mom">Becoming a Mom</a>&nbsp;to help expectant mothers with support and guidance. The free classes are available in several of the state’s counties currently, and are supported by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Kansas Perinatal Community Collaboratives, and the March of Dimes.

The six-week, prenatal education class – one session per week – is available to expectant mothers and their “support people,” according to Koerner.

“We’ve had several dads come to our classes, as well,” she said. “Really, anybody that is there to support the mom is welcome, because we want them to get the education, too.”

The classes cover such topics as an overview of pregnancy, health, nutrition, exercise, stress, labor and delivery, infant feeding, infant care (including safe sleep and car seats), family planning, mental health and more.

“We also invite people from the local community to come in and talk with the participants,” Koerner said. “One of my goals for this class was to break down the barriers that might exist in the community. If people have names and faces and have met people, it will be easier to reach out to those resources when they need them.”

Koerner also helped to establish an event called a Community Baby Shower in Ellis County in April, which drew 42 participants.

“We’re going to have to have a bigger venue next year because I think this is just going to grow,” she said.

The event provided education for infant care, and those who completed Safe Sleep instruction received a free portable crib, and other giveaways. Koerner said extension agents in other parts of the state are also hosting events similar to the <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/419c072f-2130-4504-89e0-ac13d7b2e085">Community Baby Shower</a>.

More information on these or similar programs to help expectant and young mothers is available at local extension offices in Kansas.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Kansas earns ‘D’ on March of Dimes Report Card</h2>By&nbsp;<a href="mailto:melgares@ksu.edu" target="_blank">PAT MELGARES </a><a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news-and-publications/news/stories/2025/05/health-preterm-births-in-kansas.html">K-State Research and Extension News Service&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>MANHATTAN – A Kansas State University extension agent is hailing the success of a pair of programs that have helped to address a high rate of preterm births in the state.Monique Koerner, a family community wellness agent in K-State Research and Extension’s Cottonwood District, called the state’s preterm birth rate “concerning.”“The chronic conditions that many in our state face is concerning,” she said. “But there are a lot of ways that we can help improve the health of our maternal child health population.”In its 2024 Report Card highlighting the collective factors that contribute to maternal and infant mortality and morbidity in the United States, the March of Dimes called the nation’s preterm birth rate “alarmingly high.”The report notes that in 2023, more than 370,000 babies were born preterm, about 10.4% of all births. Kansas was one of 15 states that earned a ‘D’ on the report card, with 10.5% of all births considered preterm.The March of Dimes’ report notes that chronic health conditions caused by smoking, hypertension, unhealthy weight and diabetes contribute to high rates of preterm births in Kansas.Koerner has recently introduced a prenatal education program called&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kdhe.ks.gov/577/Becoming-a-Mom">Becoming a Mom</a>&nbsp;to help expectant mothers with support and guidance. The free classes are available in several of the state’s counties currently, and are supported by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Kansas Perinatal Community Collaboratives, and the March of Dimes.The six-week, prenatal education class – one session per week – is available to expectant mothers and their “support people,” according to Koerner.“We’ve had several dads come to our classes, as well,” she said. “Really, anybody that is there to support the mom is welcome, because we want them to get the education, too.”The classes cover such topics as an overview of pregnancy, health, nutrition, exercise, stress, labor and delivery, infant feeding, infant care (including safe sleep and car seats), family planning, mental health and more.“We also invite people from the local community to come in and talk with the participants,” Koerner said. “One of my goals for this class was to break down the barriers that might exist in the community. If people have names and faces and have met people, it will be easier to reach out to those resources when they need them.”Koerner also helped to establish an event called a Community Baby Shower in Ellis County in April, which drew 42 participants.“We’re going to have to have a bigger venue next year because I think this is just going to grow,” she said.The event provided education for infant care, and those who completed Safe Sleep instruction received a free portable crib, and other giveaways. Koerner said extension agents in other parts of the state are also hosting events similar to the <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/419c072f-2130-4504-89e0-ac13d7b2e085">Community Baby Shower</a>.More information on these or similar programs to help expectant and young mothers is available at local extension offices in Kansas.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or&nbsp;moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Extension leads programs to address high preterm birth rate

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension

Many of my most recent home visits have been centered around tree health and subsequently around trees experiencing dieback or death from drought stress. 

The past several years has been very dry and it typically it takes a few years for a tree to show stress from an event. If you take a good look at your tree, you can begin to analyze the overall health and take steps to keep them healthy. 

To&nbsp;determine the health of your trees, looking at the amount of new growth each year will show you how healthy they are. Observe the tips of the branches that are exposed (not shaded). A tree that grows less than four inches from the previous year is likely under stress and considered unhealthy.

New growth is often identifiable by the color. The new twig emerging from the bud may be greener but the leaves are often a brighter shade as well. You'll notice the leaves attached directly to these new stems rather than lateral branches. New growth may also look more compressed than growth from previous years.&nbsp;

Though evaluating the amount of growth can help you determine if your tree is healthy, it does not tell you what may be the cause of an unhealthy tree. 

The effects of stress accumulate year after year. A drought two years ago can have an impact on growth of a recovering tree. The root growth may have been stunted and roots could struggle to take in enough water to support the tree as temperatures rise. 

When possible, ensure trees are receiving water to a depth of 12 inches every couple of weeks during the summer either from rain or supplemental watering.

One of the more common means of watering trees is the use of soaker hoses, but they are notorious for non-uniform watering. 

On small trees, circling the tree several times with the soaker hose will even out the amount of water applied but this isn't practical for larger trees. On larger trees, hooking both the beginning and the end of the soaker hose to a Y-adapter helps equalize the pressure and therefore provide a more uniform watering. The specific parts you need include the soaker hose, Y-adapter and female to female connector.&nbsp;

The soaker hose can circle the trunk at a distance within the dripline of the tree but at least ½ the distance to the dripline. The dripline of the tree is outermost reach of the branches.

Soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep as 80% of a tree’s roots are in the top foot of soil.&nbsp; Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet and your probe will stop when it hits dry soil.&nbsp;

How long it takes water to reach a 12-inch depth varies depending on the rate of water flow and soil.&nbsp; Record the amount of time it takes to reach 12 inches the first time the tree is watered. After that, simply water for that same amount of time.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood ExtensionMany of my most recent home visits have been centered around tree health and subsequently around trees experiencing dieback or death from drought stress. The past several years has been very dry and it typically it takes a few years for a tree to show stress from an event. If you take a good look at your tree, you can begin to analyze the overall health and take steps to keep them healthy. To&nbsp;determine the health of your trees, looking at the amount of new growth each year will show you how healthy they are. Observe the tips of the branches that are exposed (not shaded). A tree that grows less than four inches from the previous year is likely under stress and considered unhealthy.New growth is often identifiable by the color. The new twig emerging from the bud may be greener but the leaves are often a brighter shade as well. You'll notice the leaves attached directly to these new stems rather than lateral branches. New growth may also look more compressed than growth from previous years.&nbsp;Though evaluating the amount of growth can help you determine if your tree is healthy, it does not tell you what may be the cause of an unhealthy tree. The effects of stress accumulate year after year. A drought two years ago can have an impact on growth of a recovering tree. The root growth may have been stunted and roots could struggle to take in enough water to support the tree as temperatures rise. When possible, ensure trees are receiving water to a depth of 12 inches every couple of weeks during the summer either from rain or supplemental watering.One of the more common means of watering trees is the use of soaker hoses, but they are notorious for non-uniform watering. On small trees, circling the tree several times with the soaker hose will even out the amount of water applied but this isn't practical for larger trees. On larger trees, hooking both the beginning and the end of the soaker hose to a Y-adapter helps equalize the pressure and therefore provide a more uniform watering. The specific parts you need include the soaker hose, Y-adapter and female to female connector.&nbsp;The soaker hose can circle the trunk at a distance within the dripline of the tree but at least ½ the distance to the dripline. The dripline of the tree is outermost reach of the branches.Soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep as 80% of a tree’s roots are in the top foot of soil.&nbsp; Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet and your probe will stop when it hits dry soil.&nbsp;How long it takes water to reach a 12-inch depth varies depending on the rate of water flow and soil.&nbsp; Record the amount of time it takes to reach 12 inches the first time the tree is watered. After that, simply water for that same amount of time.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Tree health, drought stress

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension

The Department of Agronomy and K-State Research and Extension (KSRE) will host several winter wheat variety plot tours in different regions of the state. Please make plans to attend a plot tour near you to see and learn about the newest available and upcoming wheat varieties, their agronomics, and their disease reactions. 

Below is a preliminary list of plot tour dates, times, and locations with directions. 

This list will be continuously added to and updated in the K-State Agronomy eUpdates in the coming weeks. To subscribe to the <a href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/eupdates/">K-State Agronomy eUpdates</a>, simply google it in your internet browser. It only takes seconds to do and your email is never shared with anyone.

Some of the upcoming wheat plot tours in our area are:

May 28: 7:30 a.m. - Phillipsburg 1:00 p.m. - Plainville. For more information, contact Cody Miller at 785-543-6845. 6:00 p.m.&nbsp; Ellis County, at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays across from the main buildings on the west side of 240th Avenue. RSVP is greatly appreciated for the meal count at&nbsp; <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_brT0WxfHCBxXZJk">bit.ly/KSRECottonwoodDistrictWheatPlotTours</a> or by calling our office 785-628-9430 or email Theresa tam3@ksu.edu.

May 29: 9:30 a.m. Rush County 2:00 p.m. Ness County 6:00 p.m. Lane County. For more information contact Lacey Noterman at 785-798-3921.

Plots tours scheduled after May 29 are being finalized, and details will be updated soon. Stay tuned to the eUpdate for any changes to this schedule.

If you would like to start receiving the Cottonwood Extension District monthly newsletter, send us your email to receive an email notification and link when it comes out each month. Send your email to Theresa Meis tam3@ksu.edu.

 The newsletter can contain information on lawn, garden, and tree care, agronomic and livestock production information for producers, family and community health information, 4-H &amp; Youth Development and upcoming Cottonwood District events.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620850316151.png" alt="File photo/Hays Post" />
 <figcaption>File photo/Hays Post</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood ExtensionThe Department of Agronomy and K-State Research and Extension (KSRE) will host several winter wheat variety plot tours in different regions of the state. Please make plans to attend a plot tour near you to see and learn about the newest available and upcoming wheat varieties, their agronomics, and their disease reactions. Below is a preliminary list of plot tour dates, times, and locations with directions. This list will be continuously added to and updated in the K-State Agronomy eUpdates in the coming weeks. To subscribe to the <a href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/eupdates/">K-State Agronomy eUpdates</a>, simply google it in your internet browser. It only takes seconds to do and your email is never shared with anyone.Some of the upcoming wheat plot tours in our area are:May 28: 7:30 a.m. - Phillipsburg 1:00 p.m. - Plainville. For more information, contact Cody Miller at 785-543-6845. 6:00 p.m.&nbsp; Ellis County, at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays across from the main buildings on the west side of 240th Avenue. RSVP is greatly appreciated for the meal count at&nbsp; <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_brT0WxfHCBxXZJk">bit.ly/KSRECottonwoodDistrictWheatPlotTours</a> or by calling our office 785-628-9430 or email Theresa tam3@ksu.edu.May 29: 9:30 a.m. Rush County 2:00 p.m. Ness County 6:00 p.m. Lane County. For more information contact Lacey Noterman at 785-798-3921.Plots tours scheduled after May 29 are being finalized, and details will be updated soon. Stay tuned to the eUpdate for any changes to this schedule.<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Wheat variety plots and the wheat streak mosaic virus" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=rtpzc-18b71f1-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>If you would like to start receiving the Cottonwood Extension District monthly newsletter, send us your email to receive an email notification and link when it comes out each month. Send your email to Theresa Meis tam3@ksu.edu. The newsletter can contain information on lawn, garden, and tree care, agronomic and livestock production information for producers, family and community health information, 4-H &amp; Youth Development and upcoming Cottonwood District events.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

🎙CAMPBELL: 2025 Kansas wheat plot tours

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension

There are lots of ways for you to be involved in the Barton County Fair!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood ExtensionThere are lots of ways for you to be involved in the Barton County Fair!The theme for the 2025 Barton County Fair is Barnyard Mardi Gras and it will be happening June 25-29. Exhibits are due to the fairgrounds for most categories on Wednesday, June 25. Our 4-H members must pre-enter their exhibits while Open Class entries can be entered online ahead of time or on-site on the 25th.We have a couple of 4-H pre-fair judging events for Sewing &amp; Textiles, Shopping In Style, and Fiber Arts, as well as the 4-H Dog Show. However, these results will be on display in Expo II throughout the fair week.Judging is handled a bit differently for 4-H and Open Class. Consultative judging is used to provide one-on-one feedback about project learning, and the exhibit, as an important part of the learning opportunity for the 4-H member and all members receive a ribbon on their entry. We use the Danish system for 4-H exhibits which defines a Purple as exemplary, a Blue as above average, a Red as average, and a White as having substantial deficiencies. For Open Class, the judge will evaluate the exhibit item and determine if it receives one of the top three placings awarded per class.Each year, the Barton County Fair Association has several special award categories for Open Class which tie to the theme. Be on the lookout for the announcements about these and all Open Class opportunities. Open Class offers a youth (16 and younger), Adult (17-65), Senior (65 and better), and a Professional class for those who teach about or make a practice of selling their work.Online entries aren’t open just yet for 4-H or Open Class but keep an eye on <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/">bartoncountyfair.com</a> for updates, schedules, and entry information.Come join us June 25-29 to watch the livestock shows, check out 4-H and Open Class exhibits, listen to a concert, share a meal with friends, and support all ages across our community as they showcase their interests from art to woodworking!We look forward to seeing your entry for the Barnyard Mardi Gras!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.