By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Though often found in agricultural crops, fall armyworms have been found in certain turfgrass species and we’ve had many reports of them recently. This has been a bad year for them in crops as well as in homeowners’ turf.

Description: Young larvae are ½ to ¾ inches long. Mature larvae can reach 1½ inches long. Fall armyworms can be identified by the inverted “Y” on top of the dark head. Adult moths are ½ inch long. The two front wings are brown-grey. Males have more dark markings than females.

Life Cycle: As a tropical insect, fall armyworms are not able to overwinter in Kansas limiting them to 2-4 generations each year. Moths migrate to their seasonal home and lay hundreds of eggs in clusters. Larvae hatch and begin feeding. Once established, new generations can occur every 23-25 days.

Damage: Larvae feed on grass blades. Heavy infestations will occasionally chew the blades to the crown. Though the damage may be unsightly it does not typically kill the grass. Regrowth of the turfgrass can be expedited with rain and/or irrigation.

Control: If insecticide applications are considered, cyhalothrin (Spectracide Triazicide), permethrin (38 Plus Turf, Termite &amp; Ornamental Insect Spray; Hi-Yield Garden &amp; Farm Insect Control; Eight Yard &amp; Garden RTS) and spinosad (Conserve, Monterey Garden Insect Spray, Captain Jack's Dead Bug Brew, Natural Guard Spinosad) and Dylox (BioAdvanced 24-Hour Grub Control) are commonly available materials registered for control of fall armyworm in turf. Neem oil is also an option if a homeowner does not want to use chemicals.

Spray treatments have greater and quicker contact efficacy than granular applications. Granular treatments require irrigation or rain to activate the insecticide from the dry granular carrier. Professional lawn care service personnel have access to additional materials (such as Scimitar and Deltamethrin) which may have more persistence than homeowner products.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictThough often found in agricultural crops, fall armyworms have been found in certain turfgrass species and we’ve had many reports of them recently. This has been a bad year for them in crops as well as in homeowners’ turf.Description: Young larvae are ½ to ¾ inches long. Mature larvae can reach 1½ inches long. Fall armyworms can be identified by the inverted “Y” on top of the dark head. Adult moths are ½ inch long. The two front wings are brown-grey. Males have more dark markings than females.Life Cycle: As a tropical insect, fall armyworms are not able to overwinter in Kansas limiting them to 2-4 generations each year. Moths migrate to their seasonal home and lay hundreds of eggs in clusters. Larvae hatch and begin feeding. Once established, new generations can occur every 23-25 days.Damage: Larvae feed on grass blades. Heavy infestations will occasionally chew the blades to the crown. Though the damage may be unsightly it does not typically kill the grass. Regrowth of the turfgrass can be expedited with rain and/or irrigation.Control: If insecticide applications are considered, cyhalothrin (Spectracide Triazicide), permethrin (38 Plus Turf, Termite &amp; Ornamental Insect Spray; Hi-Yield Garden &amp; Farm Insect Control; Eight Yard &amp; Garden RTS) and spinosad (Conserve, Monterey Garden Insect Spray, Captain Jack's Dead Bug Brew, Natural Guard Spinosad) and Dylox (BioAdvanced 24-Hour Grub Control) are commonly available materials registered for control of fall armyworm in turf. Neem oil is also an option if a homeowner does not want to use chemicals.Spray treatments have greater and quicker contact efficacy than granular applications. Granular treatments require irrigation or rain to activate the insecticide from the dry granular carrier. Professional lawn care service personnel have access to additional materials (such as Scimitar and Deltamethrin) which may have more persistence than homeowner products.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Fall armyworms

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Rock the Bike, a creative California-based company known for combining sustainability with hands-on fun, has introduced its latest creation: the Spin Art Bike. 

This vibrant, pedal-powered machine turns the art of cycling into a colorful explosion of creativity, bringing eco-conscious entertainment to schools, events, and communities across the country. And Cottonwood District is the proud owner of the new spin art bike thanks to a grant from the Golden Belt Community Foundation!

The Spin Art Bike is a fusion of kinetic energy and artistic expression. Riders pedal to spin a canvas placed on a rotating plate, using centrifugal force to spread paint into mesmerizing patterns. Unlike traditional spin art stations powered by electricity, the Spin Art Bike runs entirely on human energy—no cords, no batteries, and no emissions.

The bike is built on a sturdy steel frame, with a wide front platform that houses the spin art mechanism. It's suitable for users as young as six, making it ideal for family-friendly environments like schools, museums, and community meetings and festivals.

It’s an incredible hands-on learning tool. Kids are not only creating beautiful art—they’re learning about energy, motion, and sustainability in a way that is memorable.

Event organizers are also taking note. The Spin Art Bike has made appearances at summer fairs, street festivals, and even corporate wellness events. Its interactive nature draws crowds and encourages participants to connect with one another through shared experience and creativity.

With its unique blend of physical activity, artistic expression, and environmental consciousness, the Spin Art Bike is more than a novelty—it’s a mobile celebration of creativity, sustainability, and joy.

And the bike is still fully functional as a blender bike as well so we can continue to create tasty smoothies, salsa, and hummus that the bike has already been famous for in the Cottonwood Extension District. 

Whether you're looking to craft a new artistic masterpiece on paper or whip up something delicious with pedal power, now is the perfect time to bring the Spin Art Bike or Blender Bike into your classroom, meeting, or event.

For more information or to book the Spin Art Bike or Blender Bike for your next event, contact Monique Koerner at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1757430142744.png" alt="Spin Art Bike. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Spin Art Bike. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: New spin art bike offered by Cottonwood Extension District" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=jh4vz-195fe17-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
</div>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictRock the Bike, a creative California-based company known for combining sustainability with hands-on fun, has introduced its latest creation: the Spin Art Bike. This vibrant, pedal-powered machine turns the art of cycling into a colorful explosion of creativity, bringing eco-conscious entertainment to schools, events, and communities across the country. And Cottonwood District is the proud owner of the new spin art bike thanks to a grant from the Golden Belt Community Foundation!The Spin Art Bike is a fusion of kinetic energy and artistic expression. Riders pedal to spin a canvas placed on a rotating plate, using centrifugal force to spread paint into mesmerizing patterns. Unlike traditional spin art stations powered by electricity, the Spin Art Bike runs entirely on human energy—no cords, no batteries, and no emissions.The bike is built on a sturdy steel frame, with a wide front platform that houses the spin art mechanism. It's suitable for users as young as six, making it ideal for family-friendly environments like schools, museums, and community meetings and festivals.It’s an incredible hands-on learning tool. Kids are not only creating beautiful art—they’re learning about energy, motion, and sustainability in a way that is memorable.Event organizers are also taking note. The Spin Art Bike has made appearances at summer fairs, street festivals, and even corporate wellness events. Its interactive nature draws crowds and encourages participants to connect with one another through shared experience and creativity.With its unique blend of physical activity, artistic expression, and environmental consciousness, the Spin Art Bike is more than a novelty—it’s a mobile celebration of creativity, sustainability, and joy.And the bike is still fully functional as a blender bike as well so we can continue to create tasty smoothies, salsa, and hummus that the bike has already been famous for in the Cottonwood Extension District. Whether you're looking to craft a new artistic masterpiece on paper or whip up something delicious with pedal power, now is the perfect time to bring the Spin Art Bike or Blender Bike into your classroom, meeting, or event.For more information or to book the Spin Art Bike or Blender Bike for your next event, contact Monique Koerner at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

🎙 KOERNER: New spin art bike offered by Cottonwood Extension District 

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Controlling volunteer wheat this summer and now into early fall has been challenging. While we are always thankful for the needed moisture, it has caused several flushes of volunteer wheat now. And I hate to be the bearer of bad news but continuing to control all volunteer wheat is still important.

A late flush of volunteer wheat likely is harboring fewer wheat curl mites the vector of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) complex than volunteer wheat that has been established for a while. There is still time to go out and control those late flushes of volunteer wheat before planting begins.

The general target date for planting wheat for optimum grain yields in Kansas is within a week of the best pest management planting date, or BPMP (formerly known as the “Hessian fly-free”) date (Figure 1). Planting after these dates not only benefits grain yield, but may help reduce the risk of serious pests and diseases that can damage the wheat crop in Kansas. 

If forage production is the primary goal, earlier planting (mid-September) can increase forage yield. However, if grain yield is the primary goal, then waiting until the BPMP date to start planting is the best approach. Planting in mid-September is ideal for dual-purpose wheat systems where forage yields need to be maximized while reducing the effects of early planting on reduced grain yields.

Figure 1. These dates were established several years ago. Although fields may still be infested with Hessian fly when planted after these dates if the weather is mild, later planting dates generally reduce problems from Hessian fly, aphids, wheat curl mites, and many diseases.

For growers considering planting early, a good management consideration would be to select wheat varieties with resistance to the wheat streak mosaic virus and/or with tolerance to the wheat curl mite, especially in the western portions of the state. Updated disease and insect ratings for wheat varieties can be found with an internet search for K-State Extension Wheat Variety Guide 2025.

Armyworms Armyworms and other lepidopteran larvae may also still pose a serious problem to early planted wheat. They may feed on the green wheat plants until the first cold front comes through (temperatures in the mid-20-degree F range for a couple of hours). Insecticide seed treatments do not work well against lepidoptera larvae.

Fall Armyworm/Armyworm Considerations in Volunteer Wheat

Because of the large armyworm and fall armyworm populations this year and in years past, some producers are considering adding insecticide to volunteer wheat herbicide applications to save on costs. However, this is not recommended. First, destroying volunteer wheat will starve larvae, push them into pupation, or expose them to predators. Second, insecticides should only be used when pests are at a vulnerable stage and above treatment thresholds. Finally, any insecticide applied now will lose activity long before planted wheat emerges. Control the volunteer wheat, but resist the urge to tank-mix insecticide.

Early planting of wheat can increase risks that affect stand establishment and yield:

· Disease risk: Greater chance of insect- or mite-transmitted viral diseases.

· Emergence challenges: High temperatures can reduce germination and shorten coleoptile length in some varieties.

· Optimal planting: Aim for the recommended planting window whenever possible.

· Variety selection: If planting early (due to moisture or dual-purpose systems), choose varieties tolerant to major regional yield-limiting factors.

· Seed treatments: Strongly consider fungicide and insecticide seed treatments when planting early in Kansas.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1757426623135.jpeg" alt="Volunteer wheat that has emerged in wheat residue. Photo by Sarah Lancaster/K-State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Volunteer wheat that has emerged in wheat residue. Photo by Sarah Lancaster/K-State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictControlling volunteer wheat this summer and now into early fall has been challenging. While we are always thankful for the needed moisture, it has caused several flushes of volunteer wheat now. And I hate to be the bearer of bad news but continuing to control all volunteer wheat is still important.A late flush of volunteer wheat likely is harboring fewer wheat curl mites the vector of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) complex than volunteer wheat that has been established for a while. There is still time to go out and control those late flushes of volunteer wheat before planting begins.The general target date for planting wheat for optimum grain yields in Kansas is within a week of the best pest management planting date, or BPMP (formerly known as the “Hessian fly-free”) date (Figure 1). Planting after these dates not only benefits grain yield, but may help reduce the risk of serious pests and diseases that can damage the wheat crop in Kansas. If forage production is the primary goal, earlier planting (mid-September) can increase forage yield. However, if grain yield is the primary goal, then waiting until the BPMP date to start planting is the best approach. Planting in mid-September is ideal for dual-purpose wheat systems where forage yields need to be maximized while reducing the effects of early planting on reduced grain yields.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1757424568748.png" alt="Kansas State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Kansas State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>Figure 1. These dates were established several years ago. Although fields may still be infested with Hessian fly when planted after these dates if the weather is mild, later planting dates generally reduce problems from Hessian fly, aphids, wheat curl mites, and many diseases.For growers considering planting early, a good management consideration would be to select wheat varieties with resistance to the wheat streak mosaic virus and/or with tolerance to the wheat curl mite, especially in the western portions of the state. Updated disease and insect ratings for wheat varieties can be found with an internet search for K-State Extension Wheat Variety Guide 2025.Armyworms Armyworms and other lepidopteran larvae may also still pose a serious problem to early planted wheat. They may feed on the green wheat plants until the first cold front comes through (temperatures in the mid-20-degree F range for a couple of hours). Insecticide seed treatments do not work well against lepidoptera larvae.Fall Armyworm/Armyworm Considerations in Volunteer WheatBecause of the large armyworm and fall armyworm populations this year and in years past, some producers are considering adding insecticide to volunteer wheat herbicide applications to save on costs. However, this is not recommended. First, destroying volunteer wheat will starve larvae, push them into pupation, or expose them to predators. Second, insecticides should only be used when pests are at a vulnerable stage and above treatment thresholds. Finally, any insecticide applied now will lose activity long before planted wheat emerges. Control the volunteer wheat, but resist the urge to tank-mix insecticide.Take-home MessageEarly planting of wheat can increase risks that affect stand establishment and yield:· Disease risk: Greater chance of insect- or mite-transmitted viral diseases.· Emergence challenges: High temperatures can reduce germination and shorten coleoptile length in some varieties.· Optimal planting: Aim for the recommended planting window whenever possible.· Variety selection: If planting early (due to moisture or dual-purpose systems), choose varieties tolerant to major regional yield-limiting factors.· Seed treatments: Strongly consider fungicide and insecticide seed treatments when planting early in Kansas.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Control volunteer wheat before planting begins

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Suicide is a preventable mental health crisis. 

As of 2022, Kansas ranked 17th in the nation for suicides. It was also the second leading cause of death for ages 10-44. And sadly overall, it is the 10th leading cause of death in our state. 

Every person knows someone that has either attempted or competed a suicide. With work to destigmatize mental health problems surrounding suicide, we can make inroads to reduce both attempted and completed suicides.

Knowing the signs someone is struggling is an important first step.

 On many occasions, a change in behavior or lack of interest in things they normally enjoy are key indicators. Someone who is struggling may also be anxious or worried. They may mention that they are unhappy or seem quieter or more withdrawn than normal. They may be sleeping more than normal, or are having issues with sleep. They may talk about wanting to die or that life would be better off without them. They may be giving personal items away, and expressing wanting it all to end. These are all major indicators that a person may be suicidal and may need immediate help.

Whether this is for you, or for someone you know, remembering ways to get help are so important. Asking a friend or loved one about suicide will NOT put the thought into their head or increase their risk of dying by suicide.

 If you or someone you know has mentioned or is experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors and need assistance, please call the National Crisis and Suicide Hotline at 988. You can use this number to call (or text) and the hotline is staffed 24/7.

 You or your loved ones do not have to be actively suicidal to call or text this number. But, if you are in a mental health crisis and in of need of assistance, the hotline is definitely there for you.

Everyone has an opportunity to help prevent suicide. 

If interested in suicide prevention training opportunities, such as Question, Persuade, Refer: Suicide Prevention (QPR) or Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), please contact me at 620-793-1910, or by email at aboor@ksu.edu and I can help you get trainings set up.

National Resources · https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ · https://www.sprc.org/ · https://www.samhsa.gov/childrens-awareness-day/past-events/2019/resources-suicide-prevention

State Resources · https://www.sprc.org/states/kansas · https://www.ksphq.org/

Local Resources · High Plains Mental Health Center &nbsp; https://hpmhc.com/ · The Center for Counseling and Consultation&nbsp;24/7 Crisis line &nbsp; 620-792-2544 or 800-875-8544&nbsp; &nbsp; https://thecentergb.org/&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1657909299467.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District Suicide is a preventable mental health crisis. As of 2022, Kansas ranked 17th in the nation for suicides. It was also the second leading cause of death for ages 10-44. And sadly overall, it is the 10th leading cause of death in our state. Every person knows someone that has either attempted or competed a suicide. With work to destigmatize mental health problems surrounding suicide, we can make inroads to reduce both attempted and completed suicides.Knowing the signs someone is struggling is an important first step. On many occasions, a change in behavior or lack of interest in things they normally enjoy are key indicators. Someone who is struggling may also be anxious or worried. They may mention that they are unhappy or seem quieter or more withdrawn than normal. They may be sleeping more than normal, or are having issues with sleep. They may talk about wanting to die or that life would be better off without them. They may be giving personal items away, and expressing wanting it all to end. These are all major indicators that a person may be suicidal and may need immediate help.Whether this is for you, or for someone you know, remembering ways to get help are so important. Asking a friend or loved one about suicide will NOT put the thought into their head or increase their risk of dying by suicide. If you or someone you know has mentioned or is experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors and need assistance, please call the National Crisis and Suicide Hotline at 988. You can use this number to call (or text) and the hotline is staffed 24/7. You or your loved ones do not have to be actively suicidal to call or text this number. But, if you are in a mental health crisis and in of need of assistance, the hotline is definitely there for you.Everyone has an opportunity to help prevent suicide. If interested in suicide prevention training opportunities, such as Question, Persuade, Refer: Suicide Prevention (QPR) or Mental Health First Aid (MHFA), please contact me at 620-793-1910, or by email at aboor@ksu.edu and I can help you get trainings set up.Here are additional resources:National Resources · https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ · https://www.sprc.org/ · https://www.samhsa.gov/childrens-awareness-day/past-events/2019/resources-suicide-prevention State Resources · https://www.sprc.org/states/kansas · https://www.ksphq.org/ Local Resources · High Plains Mental Health Center &nbsp; https://hpmhc.com/ · The Center for Counseling and Consultation&nbsp;24/7 Crisis line &nbsp; 620-792-2544 or 800-875-8544&nbsp; &nbsp; https://thecentergb.org/&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Suicide is a preventable mental health crisis

K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District will be hosting our annual make and take pizza night in honor of National Family Day on September 29 from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. at our office located at 601 Main Street in Hays.

Family Day is a national effort to promote family dinners. 

Research shows family dinners are a great way to reduce youth substance abuse and other risky behaviors as reported by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Colombia University. 

Not only are family dinners a way to bring families together but young children can also learn valuable life skills.

 Cooking is an important life skill for children to learn before they grow up and are out on their own. Knowing how to plan menus, budget for food, and follow a recipe provides many skills that will help children as they become adults. 

Knowing how to cook meals versus heating something up from a box can also aid our children’s health. Processed foods often have many added ingredients that can lead to health issues. 

Having children help in the kitchen teaches them math skills and to follow directions. 

When children help prepare meals, they tend to have more motivation to eat the meal as well. If they have taken part in preparation, they are more likely to try new foods and recipes. This can be particularly helpful for picky eaters!

I want to give a shout out to our sponsors. Papa Murphy’s donates the pizza crusts and Kiwanis gives a donation to help buy toppings as well as fruit and vegetables. Than you very much! We couldn’t hold this night without their continued support every year!

Come join us for a low cost and healthy meal that you can make with your children. Please RSVP and pay the $3 per pizza at 601 Main Street by Sept 15. We are continuing online registration this year. Use the link: <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9QtmPvRQZVDw2Ro">bit.ly/cottonwood-pizzanight2025</a>

I hope to see many of you there. If you ever have any questions or would like a program about healthy eating, food safety, or staying active, for any age group, please reach out to me. You can find me at our office on Main Street or you can call or email anytime.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1756829981772.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictK-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District will be hosting our annual make and take pizza night in honor of National Family Day on September 29 from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. at our office located at 601 Main Street in Hays.Family Day is a national effort to promote family dinners. Research shows family dinners are a great way to reduce youth substance abuse and other risky behaviors as reported by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Colombia University. Not only are family dinners a way to bring families together but young children can also learn valuable life skills. Cooking is an important life skill for children to learn before they grow up and are out on their own. Knowing how to plan menus, budget for food, and follow a recipe provides many skills that will help children as they become adults. Knowing how to cook meals versus heating something up from a box can also aid our children’s health. Processed foods often have many added ingredients that can lead to health issues. Having children help in the kitchen teaches them math skills and to follow directions. When children help prepare meals, they tend to have more motivation to eat the meal as well. If they have taken part in preparation, they are more likely to try new foods and recipes. This can be particularly helpful for picky eaters!I want to give a shout out to our sponsors. Papa Murphy’s donates the pizza crusts and Kiwanis gives a donation to help buy toppings as well as fruit and vegetables. Than you very much! We couldn’t hold this night without their continued support every year!Come join us for a low cost and healthy meal that you can make with your children. Please RSVP and pay the $3 per pizza at 601 Main Street by Sept 15. We are continuing online registration this year. Use the link: <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9QtmPvRQZVDw2Ro">bit.ly/cottonwood-pizzanight2025</a>I hope to see many of you there. If you ever have any questions or would like a program about healthy eating, food safety, or staying active, for any age group, please reach out to me. You can find me at our office on Main Street or you can call or email anytime.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Family Pizza Day 2025 promotes family dinners

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

Changes in income, increased expenses, and other financial stresses can be overwhelming.

We have several publications available that can help identify opportunities and provide insight into coping with and handling tough financial times.

One of these, “When Your Income Drops: Coping With Stress”, was just updated in August and includes some ways to understand and help in addressing financial situations. 

None of us handle finances or financial stress in the exact same way. This can create additional stress within a household when all are not on the same page. This publication is part of a series which include additional topics such as “Making Ends Meet”, “Don’t Panic; Take Control”, and “Sharpening Survival Skills”.

Another publication that can be useful for any household is “How Are You Doing? A Financial Checkup.”

 It notes that a financial checkup is just as important as a physical checkup and can help identify problems, chart progress, and outline action steps to achieve goals. It is a great tool for helping with a household discussion about priorities and financial management. It covers great information highlighting a tax checkup, credit checkup, insurance checkup, a retirement checkup, and an investment checkup.

We don’t have any workshops planned for the immediate future on financial planning or budgeting so let us know if we can provide a resource or guide to help in navigating financial stresses.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictChanges in income, increased expenses, and other financial stresses can be overwhelming.We have several publications available that can help identify opportunities and provide insight into coping with and handling tough financial times.One of these, “When Your Income Drops: Coping With Stress”, was just updated in August and includes some ways to understand and help in addressing financial situations. None of us handle finances or financial stress in the exact same way. This can create additional stress within a household when all are not on the same page. This publication is part of a series which include additional topics such as “Making Ends Meet”, “Don’t Panic; Take Control”, and “Sharpening Survival Skills”.Another publication that can be useful for any household is “How Are You Doing? A Financial Checkup.” It notes that a financial checkup is just as important as a physical checkup and can help identify problems, chart progress, and outline action steps to achieve goals. It is a great tool for helping with a household discussion about priorities and financial management. It covers great information highlighting a tax checkup, credit checkup, insurance checkup, a retirement checkup, and an investment checkup.We don’t have any workshops planned for the immediate future on financial planning or budgeting so let us know if we can provide a resource or guide to help in navigating financial stresses.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Get your financial checkup

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Navigating the unknown for the stocker operator and fueling performance from the inside out are among topics planned for the 2025 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 25. The conference will take place at the K-State Beef Stocker Unit, Manhattan.

Registration is $25 and due Sept. 11. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, go to <a href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stockerfieldday/">asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday</a>. For more information, contact Katie Smith at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:katiesmith@ksu.edu">katiesmith@ksu.edu</a>.

“The 26th&nbsp;annual K-State Beef Stocker Field Day is geared towards providing the most updated information to beef producers as possible” said Dale Blasi, K-State professor of animal sciences and industry, and beef cattle extension specialist. “The morning session will dive deep into the current beef market and what might be coming down the road. Attendees will learn more about K-State’s work devoted to growing beef cattle and beef x dairy calves.”

The day will start with a welcome at 10:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m. This year’s event is sponsored by Kemin.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753957064006.png" alt=" Cows are pictured at the University of Missouri South Farm. Photo by Noah Grabianski/Missouri Business Alert" />
 <figcaption> Cows are pictured at the University of Missouri South Farm. Photo by Noah Grabianski/Missouri Business Alert</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictNavigating the unknown for the stocker operator and fueling performance from the inside out are among topics planned for the 2025 Kansas State University Beef Stocker Field Day on Thursday, Sept. 25. The conference will take place at the K-State Beef Stocker Unit, Manhattan.Registration is $25 and due Sept. 11. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register, go to <a href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stockerfieldday/">asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday</a>. For more information, contact Katie Smith at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:katiesmith@ksu.edu">katiesmith@ksu.edu</a>.“The 26th&nbsp;annual K-State Beef Stocker Field Day is geared towards providing the most updated information to beef producers as possible” said Dale Blasi, K-State professor of animal sciences and industry, and beef cattle extension specialist. “The morning session will dive deep into the current beef market and what might be coming down the road. Attendees will learn more about K-State’s work devoted to growing beef cattle and beef x dairy calves.”The day will start with a welcome at 10:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m. This year’s event is sponsored by Kemin.Topics for this year’s agenda include<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1756829592074.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>

BOOR: Beef Stocker Field Day is Sept. 25

There has been an increase of insect infestations this growing season around the state. 

Two of the more widespread pests have been lepidoptera larvae (worms): the fall armyworm and the armyworm. These pests could become problematic for our fall planted wheat and alfalfa.

Fall armyworm (FAW) Adults are a light brown/dark brown mottled color and are typical of the noctuid moths, which mainly hide during the day and fly around depositing eggs at night. Adults cause no problems other than depositing the eggs from which the voracious feeding larvae hatch. These larvae feed on just about anything green and have been a problem this year, mainly in brome fields and other grassy areas in eastern Kansas. Larvae can be identified by the four dark spots, in the form of a square, on the top of the eighth abdominal segment.

In our area there are significant populations of FAW feeding in sorghum heads and as wheat planting approaches, fall armyworm problems are possible. However, reportedly, FAWs do not overwinter in Kansas. Thus, we may have one more generation of FAWs, but hopefully, most adults have emerged by the middle of September and migrate to overwintering sites without causing any damage to wheat, says Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

Armyworms (ARW) Adults are mostly light brown with a white spot on each forewing. Larvae are darker with several conspicuous light-colored stripes on both sides of their bodies, and they present a somewhat different problem than the FAW, because they do overwinter in Kansas. Therefore, the larvae may be around when the 2025 planted crop germinates.

Thus, planting as late as possible is important, as is destroying all volunteer wheat well before wheat planting begins. This is also important because it is the female moth that initiates the infestation by where she deposits her eggs, and she won't deposit any eggs unless she detects some greenery for a potential food source for the developing larvae. 

From past experience with armyworm infestations, they may continue to feed until temperatures dip into the mid-20s °F for a couple of hours. Armyworms seem to overwinter mostly as mature larvae, but it has been reported that they can also overwinter as pupae and/or adults. Thus, fall armyworms should not be a problem for the fall-planted wheat crop, but armyworms might be, especially in early-planted fields, says Whitworth.

Army cutworms One other worm to consider is the Army cutworm. These moths migrate back into Kansas in the fall, looking for any greenery on which to deposit their eggs. So, they will not be the same problem as armyworms, as their feeding will be ending this fall, but the army cutworms will just be starting their feeding and culminate in the common "Miller moths" in the spring.

The best ways to help mitigate an infestation in fall-planted wheat from any of these worms are to plant as late as possible and destroy all volunteer wheat well before any wheat is planted in your area.

Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomology Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/9/1756828429419.jpeg" alt="Fall Armyworm. Photo courtesy Kansas State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Fall Armyworm. Photo courtesy Kansas State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThere has been an increase of insect infestations this growing season around the state. Two of the more widespread pests have been lepidoptera larvae (worms): the fall armyworm and the armyworm. These pests could become problematic for our fall planted wheat and alfalfa.Fall armyworm (FAW) Adults are a light brown/dark brown mottled color and are typical of the noctuid moths, which mainly hide during the day and fly around depositing eggs at night. Adults cause no problems other than depositing the eggs from which the voracious feeding larvae hatch. These larvae feed on just about anything green and have been a problem this year, mainly in brome fields and other grassy areas in eastern Kansas. Larvae can be identified by the four dark spots, in the form of a square, on the top of the eighth abdominal segment.In our area there are significant populations of FAW feeding in sorghum heads and as wheat planting approaches, fall armyworm problems are possible. However, reportedly, FAWs do not overwinter in Kansas. Thus, we may have one more generation of FAWs, but hopefully, most adults have emerged by the middle of September and migrate to overwintering sites without causing any damage to wheat, says Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.Armyworms (ARW) Adults are mostly light brown with a white spot on each forewing. Larvae are darker with several conspicuous light-colored stripes on both sides of their bodies, and they present a somewhat different problem than the FAW, because they do overwinter in Kansas. Therefore, the larvae may be around when the 2025 planted crop germinates. Thus, planting as late as possible is important, as is destroying all volunteer wheat well before wheat planting begins. This is also important because it is the female moth that initiates the infestation by where she deposits her eggs, and she won't deposit any eggs unless she detects some greenery for a potential food source for the developing larvae. From past experience with armyworm infestations, they may continue to feed until temperatures dip into the mid-20s °F for a couple of hours. Armyworms seem to overwinter mostly as mature larvae, but it has been reported that they can also overwinter as pupae and/or adults. Thus, fall armyworms should not be a problem for the fall-planted wheat crop, but armyworms might be, especially in early-planted fields, says Whitworth.Army cutworms One other worm to consider is the Army cutworm. These moths migrate back into Kansas in the fall, looking for any greenery on which to deposit their eggs. So, they will not be the same problem as armyworms, as their feeding will be ending this fall, but the army cutworms will just be starting their feeding and culminate in the common "Miller moths" in the spring.The best ways to help mitigate an infestation in fall-planted wheat from any of these worms are to plant as late as possible and destroy all volunteer wheat well before any wheat is planted in your area.Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomology Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Worrisome worms for wheat producers

September is the best time to give cool-season grasses in Kansas a boost, but homeowners should take note of an important fact before choosing which variety to plant.&nbsp;

Not all grass seed is created equal.&nbsp;

Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini urges homeowners to read the label on the bag of seed before re-seeding the lawn.&nbsp;

“Depending on the seed quality,” she said, “you could be planting weeds along with the desired grass.”&nbsp;

She adds: “Check the percentage of weed seed listed. This will tell you how much weed you will be introducing if you plant this seed mix. For example, if this number is 0.5% weed seed, approximately 12-16 weeds will be planted per square foot.”&nbsp;

Domenghini suggests looking for seed that lists weed seed at less than 0.01%, but 0% is best.&nbsp;

“Check the listing for ‘Other Crop’ on the label, as well, and choose a grass seed with a low percentage,” Domenghini said, noting that ‘Other Crop’ includes any species grown intentionally such as turf and pasture grasses.&nbsp;

Some species of grassy weeds qualify as ‘Other Crop’ and legally do not have to be named if they constitute less than 5% of the contents. ‘Other Crop’ can also include more desirable species that won’t impact the lawn.&nbsp;

“But,” Domenghini notes, “without knowing what is included, it’s best to choose a seed where this number is as close to zero as possible. Quality seed typically has 0.01% ‘Other Crop’ or less.”&nbsp;

Domenghini shared more tips for seeding fall lawns:&nbsp;

· Use recommended seeding rates and distribute well. Seeding at a rate higher than recommended can cause issues with disease and environmental stress.&nbsp;

· Good seed to soil contact is critical. Aeration prior to seeding is one way to promote this. Topdressing and raking to cover seed are other good methods.&nbsp;

· Light, frequent irrigation is necessary the first few weeks after planting and may be required several times daily. Soil should remain moist, but not waterlogged.&nbsp;

· Minimize traffic on the area until seedlings are ready to be mowed. Begin mowing once seedlings reach 3-4 inches tall.&nbsp;

Overseeding an existing lawn&nbsp;

· Prior to planting, mow the area low (1 to 1 ½ inches) to reduce competition with seedlings and help improve seed contact with soil.&nbsp;

· Water light, but often, keeping soil moist but not waterlogged.&nbsp;

Fertilize cool-season grasses&nbsp;

· Use a quick-release source of nitrogen.&nbsp;

· Apply 1 to 1 ½ pounds of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet.&nbsp;

· Soil should be moist, but not saturated.&nbsp;

· Holes should be 2-3 inches apart and 2 ½ to 3 inches deep.&nbsp;

· Cores can be left on surface and will break down naturally.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/8/1756223517825.jpeg" alt="Fescue grass. Photo by K-State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Fescue grass. Photo by K-State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictSeptember is the best time to give cool-season grasses in Kansas a boost, but homeowners should take note of an important fact before choosing which variety to plant.&nbsp;Not all grass seed is created equal.&nbsp;Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini urges homeowners to read the label on the bag of seed before re-seeding the lawn.&nbsp;“Depending on the seed quality,” she said, “you could be planting weeds along with the desired grass.”&nbsp;She adds: “Check the percentage of weed seed listed. This will tell you how much weed you will be introducing if you plant this seed mix. For example, if this number is 0.5% weed seed, approximately 12-16 weeds will be planted per square foot.”&nbsp;Domenghini suggests looking for seed that lists weed seed at less than 0.01%, but 0% is best.&nbsp;“Check the listing for ‘Other Crop’ on the label, as well, and choose a grass seed with a low percentage,” Domenghini said, noting that ‘Other Crop’ includes any species grown intentionally such as turf and pasture grasses.&nbsp;Some species of grassy weeds qualify as ‘Other Crop’ and legally do not have to be named if they constitute less than 5% of the contents. ‘Other Crop’ can also include more desirable species that won’t impact the lawn.&nbsp;“But,” Domenghini notes, “without knowing what is included, it’s best to choose a seed where this number is as close to zero as possible. Quality seed typically has 0.01% ‘Other Crop’ or less.”&nbsp;Domenghini shared more tips for seeding fall lawns:&nbsp;Seeding new lawns&nbsp;· Use recommended seeding rates and distribute well. Seeding at a rate higher than recommended can cause issues with disease and environmental stress.&nbsp;· Good seed to soil contact is critical. Aeration prior to seeding is one way to promote this. Topdressing and raking to cover seed are other good methods.&nbsp;· Light, frequent irrigation is necessary the first few weeks after planting and may be required several times daily. Soil should remain moist, but not waterlogged.&nbsp;· Minimize traffic on the area until seedlings are ready to be mowed. Begin mowing once seedlings reach 3-4 inches tall.&nbsp;Overseeding an existing lawn&nbsp;· Prior to planting, mow the area low (1 to 1 ½ inches) to reduce competition with seedlings and help improve seed contact with soil.&nbsp;· Water light, but often, keeping soil moist but not waterlogged.&nbsp;Fertilize cool-season grasses&nbsp;· Use a quick-release source of nitrogen.&nbsp;· Apply 1 to 1 ½ pounds of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet.&nbsp;Core-aerating&nbsp;· Soil should be moist, but not saturated.&nbsp;· Holes should be 2-3 inches apart and 2 ½ to 3 inches deep.&nbsp;· Cores can be left on surface and will break down naturally.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Giving cool-season grasses a boost for fall

As crops are actively growing, it is critical to regularly monitor fields.

 For example, most of the Kansas corn crops are in the tasseling (VT) to grain filling (R1-R4) stages right now, which are the critical stages for determining final yield. During the transitional phase from vegetative to reproductive development (VT), any possible stresses such as drought, flooding, disease, pests, and nutrient deficiencies during this window may lead to fewer kernels per ear, lighter test weight, and ultimately lower crop yield. Therefore, proper monitoring during this phase can help with early stress detection and crop yield estimation.

Thanks to modern precision agriculture technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly called ‘drones,’ fields can be monitored more rapidly, frequently, and more precisely compared to traditional visual inspection by walking the field. Drones can detect the pattern and uniformity of crop growth and identify the problem areas more quickly and precisely.

What is drone-based remote sensing? Drone-based remote sensing involves using a drone equipped with a sensor (camera) to collect images and information by flying over your farm or field without touching the crop or ground. The camera senses light color reflectance from below across a range of wavelengths, both visible and invisible to human eyes. Visible light includes red, green, and blue light. However, it is near infrared (NIR) light, which is not visible, that can be used to detect plant growth and vigor.

When the plant is green and healthy, it reflects more NIR light and absorbs red light for photosynthesis. However, when a plant is stressed or less green, the reflection pattern of NIR is just the opposite, as it reflects less NIR light. Such light reflectance values from plant canopies are also used in various equations to calculate vegetation indices (VIs) to assess plant health, greenness, biomass, etc.

Using these thresholds, crop growth can be monitored, and areas of the field that need specific attention can be identified to support decision-making. 

However, one issue with NDVI maps at the later growth stage of the crop is ‘NDVI Saturation’. This is the crop growth stage at which NDVI reaches the peak level, and it remains the same even when chlorophyll content changes. In this case, Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE) indices can be more reliable, as it is more sensitive than NDVI to small changes in chlorophyll content.

Visual inspections by walking around the field are quite challenging as they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and potentially less precise/accurate when limited to a small area of the field. Moreover, such visual inspection or scouting is even more impossible for crops like corn, as they are tall, dense, and have a closed canopy when they reach tasseling and begin grain filling.

Therefore, drone-collected imagery at the later growth stage of the crop can help to understand the temporal and spatial variability in crop growth and vigor and yield estimation. 

Information provided by Deepak Joshi, Precision Ag Extension Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1725282117888.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs crops are actively growing, it is critical to regularly monitor fields. For example, most of the Kansas corn crops are in the tasseling (VT) to grain filling (R1-R4) stages right now, which are the critical stages for determining final yield. During the transitional phase from vegetative to reproductive development (VT), any possible stresses such as drought, flooding, disease, pests, and nutrient deficiencies during this window may lead to fewer kernels per ear, lighter test weight, and ultimately lower crop yield. Therefore, proper monitoring during this phase can help with early stress detection and crop yield estimation.Thanks to modern precision agriculture technologies such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly called ‘drones,’ fields can be monitored more rapidly, frequently, and more precisely compared to traditional visual inspection by walking the field. Drones can detect the pattern and uniformity of crop growth and identify the problem areas more quickly and precisely.What is drone-based remote sensing? Drone-based remote sensing involves using a drone equipped with a sensor (camera) to collect images and information by flying over your farm or field without touching the crop or ground. The camera senses light color reflectance from below across a range of wavelengths, both visible and invisible to human eyes. Visible light includes red, green, and blue light. However, it is near infrared (NIR) light, which is not visible, that can be used to detect plant growth and vigor. When the plant is green and healthy, it reflects more NIR light and absorbs red light for photosynthesis. However, when a plant is stressed or less green, the reflection pattern of NIR is just the opposite, as it reflects less NIR light. Such light reflectance values from plant canopies are also used in various equations to calculate vegetation indices (VIs) to assess plant health, greenness, biomass, etc.Using these thresholds, crop growth can be monitored, and areas of the field that need specific attention can be identified to support decision-making. However, one issue with NDVI maps at the later growth stage of the crop is ‘NDVI Saturation’. This is the crop growth stage at which NDVI reaches the peak level, and it remains the same even when chlorophyll content changes. In this case, Normalized Difference Red Edge (NDRE) indices can be more reliable, as it is more sensitive than NDVI to small changes in chlorophyll content.ConclusionVisual inspections by walking around the field are quite challenging as they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and potentially less precise/accurate when limited to a small area of the field. Moreover, such visual inspection or scouting is even more impossible for crops like corn, as they are tall, dense, and have a closed canopy when they reach tasseling and begin grain filling. Therefore, drone-collected imagery at the later growth stage of the crop can help to understand the temporal and spatial variability in crop growth and vigor and yield estimation. Information provided by Deepak Joshi, Precision Ag Extension Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Crop monitoring with drone-based remote sensing technology

As work-life balance becomes a central concern for employees across industries, family-friendly workplace policies are gaining ground. More employers are recognizing that supporting workers in their roles as parents and caregivers leads to higher productivity, lower turnover, and stronger workplace morale.

In recent years, the demand for family-friendly benefits has surged, driven largely by the changing demographics of the workforce. The rise of dual-income households increased remote work, and shifting expectations among younger employees have all contributed to a growing call for more flexible and accommodating work environments.

Family-friendly workplaces typically offer a range of supportive policies, including flexible scheduling, breastfeeding support, paid parental leave, childcare assistance, bring infants to work program and hybrid or remote work options. Some companies have gone further, adding on-site childcare centers, eldercare support, and expanded mental health services tailored to family needs.

These changes are not limited to large corporations. Small and mid-sized businesses, as well as public sector organizations, are changing their policies. Many are finding that even incremental improvements—such as allowing for staggered shifts, job-sharing arrangements, or part-time options—can make a meaningful difference for employees managing family responsibilities.

One of the most common and impactful changes has been the normalization of flexible work hours. By allowing employees to adjust their schedules to fit caregiving duties, employers are reducing burnout and absenteeism while improving engagement. 

Remote and hybrid work arrangements have also become standard in many industries, enabling parents to better manage daily routines without compromising their professional responsibilities.

Paid parental leave is another area of focus. More companies are now offering extended leave periods for both mothers and fathers, moving beyond the minimum requirements set by law.

In addition to supporting employees during major life events like childbirth or adoption, many employers are also addressing everyday challenges families face. Subsidized childcare, backup care options, and dependent care flexible spending accounts are helping working parents manage rising care costs.

The shift toward family-friendly workplaces has demonstrated clear business benefits. Companies that offer robust support for families often see improved employee retention and increased loyalty. Workers who feel their needs are recognized and accommodated tend to be more engaged and committed to their roles, contributing to overall organizational performance.

Despite the progress, some challenges remain. Implementing family-focused policies can be difficult in industries that rely on fixed shifts or in-person operations. Budget constraints also limit what some small businesses can offer. However, many organizations are finding that creative solutions and a culture of flexibility can still deliver meaningful support without requiring large investments.

As expectations around work continue to evolve, family-friendly policies are becoming not just a competitive advantage, but a workplace standard. Employers who adapt to these changes are positioning themselves to attract and retain a more diverse, satisfied, and resilient workforce. 

Click the links for more information about Family Friendly Workplaces at <a href="https://allinforkansaskids.org/communities/family-friendly-workplaces/">All in For Kansas Kids</a> or <a href="https://www.kcsl.org/resources/family-friendly-workplaces/">Kansas Children’s Service League</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/8/1755704725182.jpeg" alt="Photo by Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs work-life balance becomes a central concern for employees across industries, family-friendly workplace policies are gaining ground. More employers are recognizing that supporting workers in their roles as parents and caregivers leads to higher productivity, lower turnover, and stronger workplace morale.In recent years, the demand for family-friendly benefits has surged, driven largely by the changing demographics of the workforce. The rise of dual-income households increased remote work, and shifting expectations among younger employees have all contributed to a growing call for more flexible and accommodating work environments.Family-friendly workplaces typically offer a range of supportive policies, including flexible scheduling, breastfeeding support, paid parental leave, childcare assistance, bring infants to work program and hybrid or remote work options. Some companies have gone further, adding on-site childcare centers, eldercare support, and expanded mental health services tailored to family needs.These changes are not limited to large corporations. Small and mid-sized businesses, as well as public sector organizations, are changing their policies. Many are finding that even incremental improvements—such as allowing for staggered shifts, job-sharing arrangements, or part-time options—can make a meaningful difference for employees managing family responsibilities.One of the most common and impactful changes has been the normalization of flexible work hours. By allowing employees to adjust their schedules to fit caregiving duties, employers are reducing burnout and absenteeism while improving engagement. Remote and hybrid work arrangements have also become standard in many industries, enabling parents to better manage daily routines without compromising their professional responsibilities.Paid parental leave is another area of focus. More companies are now offering extended leave periods for both mothers and fathers, moving beyond the minimum requirements set by law.In addition to supporting employees during major life events like childbirth or adoption, many employers are also addressing everyday challenges families face. Subsidized childcare, backup care options, and dependent care flexible spending accounts are helping working parents manage rising care costs.The shift toward family-friendly workplaces has demonstrated clear business benefits. Companies that offer robust support for families often see improved employee retention and increased loyalty. Workers who feel their needs are recognized and accommodated tend to be more engaged and committed to their roles, contributing to overall organizational performance.Despite the progress, some challenges remain. Implementing family-focused policies can be difficult in industries that rely on fixed shifts or in-person operations. Budget constraints also limit what some small businesses can offer. However, many organizations are finding that creative solutions and a culture of flexibility can still deliver meaningful support without requiring large investments.As expectations around work continue to evolve, family-friendly policies are becoming not just a competitive advantage, but a workplace standard. Employers who adapt to these changes are positioning themselves to attract and retain a more diverse, satisfied, and resilient workforce. Click the links for more information about Family Friendly Workplaces at <a href="https://allinforkansaskids.org/communities/family-friendly-workplaces/">All in For Kansas Kids</a> or <a href="https://www.kcsl.org/resources/family-friendly-workplaces/">Kansas Children’s Service League</a>.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Family-friendly workplaces gaining ground

As we move into the latter part of the growing season, it is time to consider late summer and fall pests as well as your plans for next year. 

Both stable and horn fly populations tend to decline over the dry, hot part of summer but can resurge in late summer into fall if sufficient rainfall occurs. 

Horn flies are found on the back and belly of the animals and stay constantly associated with the cattle host making topical insecticides (pour-ons, sprays and ear tags) effective control methods, with appropriate rotation. 

Stable flies in contrast feed preferentially on the legs of the animal for a short period of time (2-4 minutes), 1-2 times a day. This low contact time with the host makes chemical control difficult to achieve. Decaying hay and plant material are a primary breeding for stable flies; pay special attention to hay bale and feed wastage and surrounding crop fields.

House fly populations will continue to increase through the summer and can be a significant problem for feedlots and dairies. 

Minimize feed wastage spilled over bunkers and keep pens well scraped, paying special attention to areas around feed bunkers, water stations and under fence lines. Baits and traps can be useful against house flies; make sure the traps are placed away from buildings such as offices as they will attract flies to the location. 

Fall can also see face flies trying to enter barns and buildings for a place to overwinter. Sealing off cracks and crevices can remove these overwintering spots. If a second fall fly population boom occurs, any early season on-animal interventions applied are unlikely to still be effective this late in the season. If reapplying products within the same season, do not change insecticide group.

Larvae of the cattle grub should be treated in fall or early winter using oral medications or pour-ons. Treatment should not be carried out in January or February due to the potential for severe reactions. 

Lice populations also tend to thrive in cooler weather, watch out for patches of hair loss and rubbing, indicative of lice problems. Part the hair, especially along the neck and back of the animal and look for small cream insects about 1/16th of an inch. If large numbers of lice are observed, pour-on treatments can effectively treat lice infestation. Treatment must be repeated after two weeks to target any nits that were not killed after the first treatment.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682229509.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension.&nbsp; Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs we move into the latter part of the growing season, it is time to consider late summer and fall pests as well as your plans for next year. Both stable and horn fly populations tend to decline over the dry, hot part of summer but can resurge in late summer into fall if sufficient rainfall occurs. Horn flies are found on the back and belly of the animals and stay constantly associated with the cattle host making topical insecticides (pour-ons, sprays and ear tags) effective control methods, with appropriate rotation. Stable flies in contrast feed preferentially on the legs of the animal for a short period of time (2-4 minutes), 1-2 times a day. This low contact time with the host makes chemical control difficult to achieve. Decaying hay and plant material are a primary breeding for stable flies; pay special attention to hay bale and feed wastage and surrounding crop fields.House fly populations will continue to increase through the summer and can be a significant problem for feedlots and dairies. Minimize feed wastage spilled over bunkers and keep pens well scraped, paying special attention to areas around feed bunkers, water stations and under fence lines. Baits and traps can be useful against house flies; make sure the traps are placed away from buildings such as offices as they will attract flies to the location. Fall can also see face flies trying to enter barns and buildings for a place to overwinter. Sealing off cracks and crevices can remove these overwintering spots. If a second fall fly population boom occurs, any early season on-animal interventions applied are unlikely to still be effective this late in the season. If reapplying products within the same season, do not change insecticide group.Larvae of the cattle grub should be treated in fall or early winter using oral medications or pour-ons. Treatment should not be carried out in January or February due to the potential for severe reactions. Lice populations also tend to thrive in cooler weather, watch out for patches of hair loss and rubbing, indicative of lice problems. Part the hair, especially along the neck and back of the animal and look for small cream insects about 1/16th of an inch. If large numbers of lice are observed, pour-on treatments can effectively treat lice infestation. Treatment must be repeated after two weeks to target any nits that were not killed after the first treatment.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Late summer, early fall pests for feedlots, dairies

Cereal rye can provide excellent weed suppression as a cover crop; however, it should be handled carefully. Cereal rye can be introduced into a wheat field by contamination of harvest or seed conditioning equipment, dry fertilizer spreaders, or drills. Seeds and pollen can also be moved by wind or other natural means.

Cereal rye is very similar to wheat in terms of life cycle, growth requirements, and appearance. 

There are a few features that distinguish rye from wheat:

· Plant height: Cereal rye is generally taller than winter wheat.

· Seed heads: Rye seed heads are usually longer and thinner.

· Ligule: The ligule of cereal rye lacks the fringe of hairs that winter wheat has.

· Auricles: Cereal rye does not have prominent auricles, unlike winter wheat.

· Seed characteristics: Rye seeds are longer than wheat seeds and typically have a yellow or greenish shade, rather than red.

These differences can help with identifying cereal rye in the field.

Chemical control of cereal rye in wheat is limited to herbicide-tolerant varieties (discussed later in this article). 

Because there are few herbicide options in crops, preventing the introduction of cereal rye into wheat fields is critical. Cleaning equipment and planting weed-free seed are two important measures. Hand rouging has long been used to remove cereal rye from wheat prior to harvest. 

Crop rotation is also important for controlling cereal rye and other winter annual grass weeds. Cereal rye emerging during a fallow phase of the rotation can be controlled with glyphosate. If cereal rye is present in wheat stubble, atrazine can be used if the following crop will be corn or sorghum.

Herbicide-tolerant wheat varieties Clearfield wheat varieties allow the use of Beyond (imazamox). Imazamox is more effective on other cool-season grass weeds and only provides suppression of cereal rye. If you choose a Clearfield variety, be sure to spray before rye tillers and use a nitrogen fertilizer (up to 50% of the spray solution). 

Two applications (4 fl. oz. in the fall and 4 fl. oz. in the spring) will provide better control than a single application. If a single application is used, apply Beyond at the maximum single-use rate of 6 fl. oz. However, it is important to note that imazamox resistance has been confirmed in cereal rye from Colorado.

CoAXium wheat varieties allow the use of Aggressor (quizalofop). Quizalofop provides excellent control of cereal rye. In studies at Great Bend, control was 94% or greater with 10 or 12 fl. oz. of Aggressor applied with either NIS or MSO in fall or spring. Quizalofop is a Group 1 herbicide that only controls grasses.

In both systems, cereal rye control will be reduced if applications are made when temperatures are below 40°F during the week following application.

For more detailed information, see the “2025 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/2025-chemical-weed-control-for-field-crops-pastures-rangeland-and-noncropland_CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf">https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf</a> or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. Users should read and follow all label directions.

Information provided by Extension Weed Science Specialists

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/8/1755625788870.jpeg" alt="Cereal rye in wheat crop. Photo by K-State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Cereal rye in wheat crop. Photo by K-State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictCereal rye can provide excellent weed suppression as a cover crop; however, it should be handled carefully. Cereal rye can be introduced into a wheat field by contamination of harvest or seed conditioning equipment, dry fertilizer spreaders, or drills. Seeds and pollen can also be moved by wind or other natural means.Cereal rye is very similar to wheat in terms of life cycle, growth requirements, and appearance. There are a few features that distinguish rye from wheat:· Plant height: Cereal rye is generally taller than winter wheat.· Seed heads: Rye seed heads are usually longer and thinner.· Ligule: The ligule of cereal rye lacks the fringe of hairs that winter wheat has.· Auricles: Cereal rye does not have prominent auricles, unlike winter wheat.· Seed characteristics: Rye seeds are longer than wheat seeds and typically have a yellow or greenish shade, rather than red.These differences can help with identifying cereal rye in the field.Chemical control of cereal rye in wheat is limited to herbicide-tolerant varieties (discussed later in this article). Because there are few herbicide options in crops, preventing the introduction of cereal rye into wheat fields is critical. Cleaning equipment and planting weed-free seed are two important measures. Hand rouging has long been used to remove cereal rye from wheat prior to harvest. Crop rotation is also important for controlling cereal rye and other winter annual grass weeds. Cereal rye emerging during a fallow phase of the rotation can be controlled with glyphosate. If cereal rye is present in wheat stubble, atrazine can be used if the following crop will be corn or sorghum.Herbicide-tolerant wheat varieties Clearfield wheat varieties allow the use of Beyond (imazamox). Imazamox is more effective on other cool-season grass weeds and only provides suppression of cereal rye. If you choose a Clearfield variety, be sure to spray before rye tillers and use a nitrogen fertilizer (up to 50% of the spray solution). Two applications (4 fl. oz. in the fall and 4 fl. oz. in the spring) will provide better control than a single application. If a single application is used, apply Beyond at the maximum single-use rate of 6 fl. oz. However, it is important to note that imazamox resistance has been confirmed in cereal rye from Colorado.CoAXium wheat varieties allow the use of Aggressor (quizalofop). Quizalofop provides excellent control of cereal rye. In studies at Great Bend, control was 94% or greater with 10 or 12 fl. oz. of Aggressor applied with either NIS or MSO in fall or spring. Quizalofop is a Group 1 herbicide that only controls grasses.In both systems, cereal rye control will be reduced if applications are made when temperatures are below 40°F during the week following application.For more detailed information, see the “2025 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/2025-chemical-weed-control-for-field-crops-pastures-rangeland-and-noncropland_CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf">https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf</a> or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. Users should read and follow all label directions.Information provided by Extension Weed Science SpecialistsStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Cereal rye control in wheat

Lean financial times are hard and it can be harder to break a cycle of financial stress. 

I lived this as a college student who had to take several semesters off to work full-time to keep a roof over my head. As a young farm couple, my husband and I often had to make tough decisions about how and where we were spending and it sure didn’t take much to stretch things too far.

K-State Extension family resource management specialist, Elizabeth Kiss, offers some suggestions to assist in planning ahead of an emergency to help ease the burden of unexpected expenses. She shares the following tips to help families survive tough times.

“If you don’t have an emergency fund, now is the time to start,” Kiss said. “Even a small amount adds up over time.”

Kiss said it has taken her 10 years, but saving $40 a month, she now has an emergency fund to cover about six months of essential expenses.

“The more cash you have, the less you will have to put on credit, which you’ll have to pay back with interest,” she said. “Ideally, you should save enough money to cover six months of expenses, based on what you spend in a typical month.”

Kiss also suggests reviewing your homeowner’s and health insurance coverage to make sure you have the coverage you’re expecting, and communicate with your family about your insurance policies.

“It’s also important to keep your important records safe,” Kiss said. “That should be part of your emergency plan. If you have to grab something quickly and go, you’ll have that information in a place where you can get to it.”

During an emergency: Use what you’ve prepared

“Use the cash you’ve saved if you need to purchase essentials, and contact your credit card companies and lenders if you anticipate a break in your&nbsp;payments,” Kiss said. “Or, you may want to request an increase in your credit availability.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictLean financial times are hard and it can be harder to break a cycle of financial stress. I lived this as a college student who had to take several semesters off to work full-time to keep a roof over my head. As a young farm couple, my husband and I often had to make tough decisions about how and where we were spending and it sure didn’t take much to stretch things too far.K-State Extension family resource management specialist, Elizabeth Kiss, offers some suggestions to assist in planning ahead of an emergency to help ease the burden of unexpected expenses. She shares the following tips to help families survive tough times.Before an emergency: Build a fund“If you don’t have an emergency fund, now is the time to start,” Kiss said. “Even a small amount adds up over time.”Kiss said it has taken her 10 years, but saving $40 a month, she now has an emergency fund to cover about six months of essential expenses.“The more cash you have, the less you will have to put on credit, which you’ll have to pay back with interest,” she said. “Ideally, you should save enough money to cover six months of expenses, based on what you spend in a typical month.”Kiss also suggests reviewing your homeowner’s and health insurance coverage to make sure you have the coverage you’re expecting, and communicate with your family about your insurance policies.“It’s also important to keep your important records safe,” Kiss said. “That should be part of your emergency plan. If you have to grab something quickly and go, you’ll have that information in a place where you can get to it.”During an emergency: Use what you’ve prepared“Use the cash you’ve saved if you need to purchase essentials, and contact your credit card companies and lenders if you anticipate a break in your&nbsp;payments,” Kiss said. “Or, you may want to request an increase in your credit availability.”If the financial emergency is caused by loss of a job, Kiss suggests filing for unemployment benefits, "even if you aren't sure if you'll qualify." Your community may also have physical and mental health resources.“There’s often more help available then people realize,” Kiss said. “Food banks, housing assistance, even childcare and transportation services may be able to help. The amount of help may vary from community to community.”After an emergency: Rebuild and re-evaluate“If it’s a natural disaster and you’ve had property damage, you need to start making your insurance claims,” said Kiss, who cautioned homeowners to be careful of scammers trying to take advantage of those in unfortunate circumstances.Afterwards, she adds, “prioritize how you spend the money that you have. You want to cover your basic needs – including housing, food and transportation – and think about how far your emergency fund can take you.”If the home is affected, call the utility companies to turn off services during the time that you don’t need them.Once you’ve spent down your emergency fund and are on the road to recovery, “start building that fund back up again for the next time, because there probably will be a next time,” Kiss said.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.