By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

If you have called or stopped by our Cottonwood Extension offices in Hays or Great Bend, you have spoken to some of the most valuable members of our team!

The agents across the Cottonwood Extension District are blessed to have incredible staff to support and assist in so many ways.

Brenda and Theresa are our office professionals and they manage a multitude of tasks, well beyond answering the phone and greeting those who step through our doors. They help to keep us organized, manage the district finances and website, and occasionally “mom” us when schedules and tasks get overwhelming. In addition, they manage so many tasks for events such as the fairs, Walk Kansas, and much more. We couldn’t function without them!

Jacy is the district-wide program assistant and provides wonderful support from scheduling social media to assisting with programs to general coordination of supplies for those programs. If you happened to see our <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ksrecottonwood">National Ag Week videos</a>, (Rowdy Ringo on 3.18.2025 and&nbsp;Crosby the Farm Dog on 3.21.2025), Jacy took my crazy idea and made it happen to share two books from local authors with 4-H youth reading. Her fun and “can do” attitude make her a joy with whom to work!

We are also fortunate to have a couple of student assistants from time to time in our offices. Kiera is a Barton Community College student and a Midway-Russell 4-H member and brings a willingness to work and help wherever needed. 

This summer we will have a student summer assistant in each office who assist with copies, fair input, answering the phones, and whatever else is needed. One of our goals is always to expose these students to the larger world of Extension work!

Keep learning! Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District, Great Bend and Hays. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District, Great Bend and Hays. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District, Great Bend and Hays. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictIf you have called or stopped by our Cottonwood Extension offices in Hays or Great Bend, you have spoken to some of the most valuable members of our team!The agents across the Cottonwood Extension District are blessed to have incredible staff to support and assist in so many ways.Brenda and Theresa are our office professionals and they manage a multitude of tasks, well beyond answering the phone and greeting those who step through our doors. They help to keep us organized, manage the district finances and website, and occasionally “mom” us when schedules and tasks get overwhelming. In addition, they manage so many tasks for events such as the fairs, Walk Kansas, and much more. We couldn’t function without them!Jacy is the district-wide program assistant and provides wonderful support from scheduling social media to assisting with programs to general coordination of supplies for those programs. If you happened to see our <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ksrecottonwood">National Ag Week videos</a>, (Rowdy Ringo on 3.18.2025 and&nbsp;Crosby the Farm Dog on 3.21.2025), Jacy took my crazy idea and made it happen to share two books from local authors with 4-H youth reading. Her fun and “can do” attitude make her a joy with whom to work!We are also fortunate to have a couple of student assistants from time to time in our offices. Kiera is a Barton Community College student and a Midway-Russell 4-H member and brings a willingness to work and help wherever needed. This summer we will have a student summer assistant in each office who assist with copies, fair input, answering the phones, and whatever else is needed. One of our goals is always to expose these students to the larger world of Extension work!Keep learning! Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District, Great Bend and Hays. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: It takes a team 

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

A Kansas Forest Service official is urging Kansans to be on the lookout for a pair of invasive species that threaten the state’s forests and ecosystems by pushing out native vegetation.

Ryan Rastok, the forest health coordinator with KFS, said Callery pear and bush honeysuckle are especially meddlesome this time of year.

“I was flying back from Georgia into Kansas City recently and as we were flying into the airport, I could see an abundance of Callery pear, even from the plane,” Rastok said.

For a brief time – often in early April – the Callery pear puts on a stunning display of white flowers. But behind the beauty belies a menace.

Native to China, the Callery pear includes 26 cultivars that present significant ecological concerns in Kansas and Missouri. Among them:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It displaces native trees and plants in the wild, which lowers ecologocial biodiversity. The tree does not host native pollinators. · It leafs out before woodland wildflowers emerge from dormancy, robbing them of critical sunlight and preventing their growth. · Its’ egg-shaped structure – at heights of 30-40 feet – and brittle wood make it prone to falling limbs that can damage people and property.

“Yeah, there’s been a myriad of descriptions for the smell, most of them vile and maybe some not appropriate to say out loud,” he said.

Bush Honeysuckle is another invasive that Rastok urges homeowners to identify and remove. The shrub spreads up to 15-20 feet in height with flowers that change from white to yellow; juicy red berries; and opposite, simple leaves that green up much earlier than surrounding native vegetation.

The shrub typically flowers in May or June, and unlike the Callery pear, is more fragrant.

Rastok said not counting such human activities as &nbsp;urban sprawl and others, bush honeysuckle “is the biggest threat to our native forests and ecosystems in Kansas, and it’s continuing to spread so we need to keep the pressure on that one, as well. The biggest issue right now is that it’s starting to establish in the state’s woodlands where it will eventually push out our native vegetation…it simplifies the ecosystem by lowering its overall floral and faunal diversity.”

Neither the Callery pear nor the bush honeysuckle are easily managed by prescribed burning, Rastok said. 

More information on controls, and options for replenishing areas where trees have been removed, is available from the Kansas Forest Service at&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.kansasforests.org/">www.kansasforests.org</a>.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictA Kansas Forest Service official is urging Kansans to be on the lookout for a pair of invasive species that threaten the state’s forests and ecosystems by pushing out native vegetation.Ryan Rastok, the forest health coordinator with KFS, said Callery pear and bush honeysuckle are especially meddlesome this time of year.“I was flying back from Georgia into Kansas City recently and as we were flying into the airport, I could see an abundance of Callery pear, even from the plane,” Rastok said.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/3/1742917001894.png" alt="Callery or Bradford pear tree. Photo by Kelly Oten/North Carolina State Extension" />
 <figcaption>Callery or Bradford pear tree. Photo by Kelly Oten/North Carolina State Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>For a brief time – often in early April – the Callery pear puts on a stunning display of white flowers. But behind the beauty belies a menace.Native to China, the Callery pear includes 26 cultivars that present significant ecological concerns in Kansas and Missouri. Among them:·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It displaces native trees and plants in the wild, which lowers ecologocial biodiversity. The tree does not host native pollinators. · It leafs out before woodland wildflowers emerge from dormancy, robbing them of critical sunlight and preventing their growth. · Its’ egg-shaped structure – at heights of 30-40 feet – and brittle wood make it prone to falling limbs that can damage people and property.And, Rastok says, it smells.“Yeah, there’s been a myriad of descriptions for the smell, most of them vile and maybe some not appropriate to say out loud,” he said.Bush Honeysuckle is another invasive that Rastok urges homeowners to identify and remove. The shrub spreads up to 15-20 feet in height with flowers that change from white to yellow; juicy red berries; and opposite, simple leaves that green up much earlier than surrounding native vegetation.The shrub typically flowers in May or June, and unlike the Callery pear, is more fragrant.Rastok said not counting such human activities as &nbsp;urban sprawl and others, bush honeysuckle “is the biggest threat to our native forests and ecosystems in Kansas, and it’s continuing to spread so we need to keep the pressure on that one, as well. The biggest issue right now is that it’s starting to establish in the state’s woodlands where it will eventually push out our native vegetation…it simplifies the ecosystem by lowering its overall floral and faunal diversity.”Neither the Callery pear nor the bush honeysuckle are easily managed by prescribed burning, Rastok said. More information on controls, and options for replenishing areas where trees have been removed, is available from the Kansas Forest Service at&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.kansasforests.org/">www.kansasforests.org</a>.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Invasive Callery pear trees

By STACEY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Last year’s growing season brought to Kansas a new disease to corn,&nbsp;corn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector the corn leafhopper insect. 

It was confirmed in 26 counties in 2024. Active field scouting last year confirmed active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. 

High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction. So be aware that late-planted and double-cropped corn is more at risk of contracting corn stunt disease. Early planting of corn is advised as leafhopper infestations, and corn stunt disease will increase as the season progresses. Removal of volunteer corn plants following the growing season is also advised to reduce overwintering sites for adult corn leafhoppers.

Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other factors in the environment can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors. Corn stunt disease can result in yield loss due to severe plant stunting, smaller ear size and loose/lost kernels.

In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California in the United States. 

Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. 

To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.

This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events.

Although the infestation by the corn leafhoppers usually begins at the early crop stages, and the transmission of the pathogens occurs in the vegetative growth stages, symptoms of corn stunt disease only appear later in the season, generally 30 days after leafhopper feeding, when corn has already reached the reproductive stages.

Corn stunt disease incidence will not be reduced by insecticide control. If you see disease symptoms in the field, the plants have already been infected. Infected plants will not show symptoms for one month. If the corn is mature enough, then infection may not impact corn kernels. 

According to Corteva Agriscience, insecticidal seed treatments consisting of imidacloprid and clothianidin can provide control of corn leafhoppers up to the V3 growth stage. After that, plants are susceptible to acquiring the corn stunt pathogens through leafhopper feeding.

The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. 

All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLuWWSwHWU">https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU</a>.

If you ever have any questions or during the growing season need me to look at any of your corn fields, please give me a call at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell&nbsp;is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell&nbsp;is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACEY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictLast year’s growing season brought to Kansas a new disease to corn,&nbsp;corn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector the corn leafhopper insect. It was confirmed in 26 counties in 2024. Active field scouting last year confirmed active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction. So be aware that late-planted and double-cropped corn is more at risk of contracting corn stunt disease. Early planting of corn is advised as leafhopper infestations, and corn stunt disease will increase as the season progresses. Removal of volunteer corn plants following the growing season is also advised to reduce overwintering sites for adult corn leafhoppers.Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other factors in the environment can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors. Corn stunt disease can result in yield loss due to severe plant stunting, smaller ear size and loose/lost kernels.In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California in the United States. Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events.Although the infestation by the corn leafhoppers usually begins at the early crop stages, and the transmission of the pathogens occurs in the vegetative growth stages, symptoms of corn stunt disease only appear later in the season, generally 30 days after leafhopper feeding, when corn has already reached the reproductive stages.Chemical ControlCorn stunt disease incidence will not be reduced by insecticide control. If you see disease symptoms in the field, the plants have already been infected. Infected plants will not show symptoms for one month. If the corn is mature enough, then infection may not impact corn kernels. According to Corteva Agriscience, insecticidal seed treatments consisting of imidacloprid and clothianidin can provide control of corn leafhoppers up to the V3 growth stage. After that, plants are susceptible to acquiring the corn stunt pathogens through leafhopper feeding.The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLuWWSwHWU">https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU</a>.If you ever have any questions or during the growing season need me to look at any of your corn fields, please give me a call at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Corn Stunt disease – A new threat to Kansas corn

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks agriculture in the spring growing season with Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District agriculture agent.

<div><iframe title="POST PODCAST: Cottonwood Extension agriculture agent Stacy Campbell" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=bm6vc-1863b3a-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks agriculture in the spring growing season with Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District agriculture agent.

🎙 POST PODCAST: Extension agriculture agent on spring growing season

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini, who shares the following maintenance calendar:

March Spot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness.

April Apply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available.

May Fertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer. If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.

If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water.

June through Mid-July Apply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application.

Late-July through August If you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops.

September Fertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur.

November Fertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer. Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Use label rates for all products.

Domenghini reminds homeowners that using best practices for turf management is the most effective way to manage their lawn. “This includes watering only when needed and only applying as much as needed. Deep, infrequent watering is more efficient than frequent, shallow watering. Excessive fertilizer does not equal a healthier lawn and follow recommendations for lawn height when mowing."

 She also recommends getting the soil tested to determine nutrient levels. The best start to a healthy lawn is healthy soil.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an&nbsp;Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an&nbsp;Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictCool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini, who shares the following maintenance calendar:March Spot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness.April Apply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available.May Fertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer. If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water.June through Mid-July Apply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application.Late-July through August If you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops.September Fertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur.November Fertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer. Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Use label rates for all products. Domenghini reminds homeowners that using best practices for turf management is the most effective way to manage their lawn. “This includes watering only when needed and only applying as much as needed. Deep, infrequent watering is more efficient than frequent, shallow watering. Excessive fertilizer does not equal a healthier lawn and follow recommendations for lawn height when mowing." She also recommends getting the soil tested to determine nutrient levels. The best start to a healthy lawn is healthy soil.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: As lawns turn green, controlling weeds, applying fertilizer is important

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Sleep-related deaths are the leading cause of death for infants over 28 days and claim 3,500 lives each year in the United States. According to the most recent data provided by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, the Kansas 2021 infant mortality rate was 5.3 per 1,000 live births. This means nearly 200 babies did not survive to celebrate their first birthday.

The good news is that overall, the infant rate has declined significantly from 2002 to 2021. Furthermore, the 2022 Kansas State Child Death Review Board reported that 58% of all Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths were found sleeping in an adult bed and 98% of the SIDS deaths had one or more factors contributing to an unsafe sleep environment.

“Too many babies are dying, which means too many families are grieving” says Christy Schunn,&nbsp;executive director of Kansas Infant Death and SIDS (KIDS) Network.

&nbsp;"While we have made progress over the last ten years, the KIDS Network remains committed to working with partners across Kansas to continue intervention efforts to decrease infant mortality and protect the lives of our state’s youngest and most vulnerable population."

Together with Cottonwood District and Infant Toddler Services- Kid Link, the KIDS Network will host a Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower, Saturday, April 5, 2025 from 11 a.m. - 1 p.m. at St. Nicholas Church, 2901 E. 13th St., Hays.

Community Baby Showers are an interactive and educational event for expectant parents or new parents (under six months) and their support people to learn the ABCs of Safe Sleep—all babies should sleep Alone, on their Backs, and in Clutter-free Crib. 

The pregnant women who attend the shower and receive the safe sleep training will receive a free portable crib and a wearable blanket, based on availability. Breastfeeding, tobacco awareness, and mental health resources will be available in addition to many other vendors who will have giveaways and door prizes. Refreshments will be served. 

Do you know someone who could benefit? Encourage them to attend the Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower in either Barton or Ellis County. Educational sessions begin every 15 minutes from 11 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. Pre- and post-surveys will be required to receive crib and wearable blanket.

To sign up for the Ellis County Community Baby Shower visit:<a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_cUqqdieTFCaHqrY"> bit.ly/ellisco-communitybabyshower</a>

Barton County Health Department and Kansas Children’s Services League Healthy Families will be co-hosting the Barton County Community Baby Shower on Thursday, April 24, 2025, from 4 to 6:30 p.m. This event is at an indoor location this year at the Great Bend Events Center, Great Bend.&nbsp;

Over 20 different organizations will be providing information for attendees. Door prize drawings will be held during the event. Safe sleep demonstrations will be presented throughout the event. Pregnant women or those with infants 6 months of age and under who complete the safe sleep pre- and post-test as well as the safe sleep demonstration will receive a portable crib and sleep sack until supplies run out. 

We will also be providing a car seat check lane in the parking lot. Certified Car Seat Technicians are available to teach attendees to properly install car seats. Technicians can also check already installed car seats to make sure they are installed properly. 

Tdap vaccine will be available to pregnant women or caregivers to protect newborns from pertussis. Nurses will be available to check immunization records for attendees and make recommendations if vaccines are due.

Come check out the local resources for new families at the Great Bend Events Center on Thursday, April 24, from 4 to 6:30 p.m.

The KIDS Network is a nonprofit agency serving individuals who have been touched by the tragedy of infant death or SIDS in Kansas and those individuals or organizations who strive to reduce the risk of infant deaths by providing supportive services, community education, professional training and supporting associated research.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or MONIQUEK@KSU.EDU.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictSleep-related deaths are the leading cause of death for infants over 28 days and claim 3,500 lives each year in the United States. According to the most recent data provided by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, the Kansas 2021 infant mortality rate was 5.3 per 1,000 live births. This means nearly 200 babies did not survive to celebrate their first birthday.The good news is that overall, the infant rate has declined significantly from 2002 to 2021. Furthermore, the 2022 Kansas State Child Death Review Board reported that 58% of all Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths were found sleeping in an adult bed and 98% of the SIDS deaths had one or more factors contributing to an unsafe sleep environment.“Too many babies are dying, which means too many families are grieving” says Christy Schunn,&nbsp;executive director of Kansas Infant Death and SIDS (KIDS) Network.&nbsp;"While we have made progress over the last ten years, the KIDS Network remains committed to working with partners across Kansas to continue intervention efforts to decrease infant mortality and protect the lives of our state’s youngest and most vulnerable population."Together with Cottonwood District and Infant Toddler Services- Kid Link, the KIDS Network will host a Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower, Saturday, April 5, 2025 from 11 a.m. - 1 p.m. at St. Nicholas Church, 2901 E. 13th St., Hays.Community Baby Showers are an interactive and educational event for expectant parents or new parents (under six months) and their support people to learn the ABCs of Safe Sleep—all babies should sleep Alone, on their Backs, and in Clutter-free Crib. The pregnant women who attend the shower and receive the safe sleep training will receive a free portable crib and a wearable blanket, based on availability. Breastfeeding, tobacco awareness, and mental health resources will be available in addition to many other vendors who will have giveaways and door prizes. Refreshments will be served. Do you know someone who could benefit? Encourage them to attend the Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower in either Barton or Ellis County. Educational sessions begin every 15 minutes from 11 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. Pre- and post-surveys will be required to receive crib and wearable blanket. To sign up for the Ellis County Community Baby Shower visit:<a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_cUqqdieTFCaHqrY"> bit.ly/ellisco-communitybabyshower</a>Barton County Health Department and Kansas Children’s Services League Healthy Families will be co-hosting the Barton County Community Baby Shower on Thursday, April 24, 2025, from 4 to 6:30 p.m. This event is at an indoor location this year at the Great Bend Events Center, Great Bend.&nbsp;Over 20 different organizations will be providing information for attendees. Door prize drawings will be held during the event. Safe sleep demonstrations will be presented throughout the event. Pregnant women or those with infants 6 months of age and under who complete the safe sleep pre- and post-test as well as the safe sleep demonstration will receive a portable crib and sleep sack until supplies run out. We will also be providing a car seat check lane in the parking lot. Certified Car Seat Technicians are available to teach attendees to properly install car seats. Technicians can also check already installed car seats to make sure they are installed properly. Tdap vaccine will be available to pregnant women or caregivers to protect newborns from pertussis. Nurses will be available to check immunization records for attendees and make recommendations if vaccines are due.Come check out the local resources for new families at the Great Bend Events Center on Thursday, April 24, from 4 to 6:30 p.m.The KIDS Network is a nonprofit agency serving individuals who have been touched by the tragedy of infant death or SIDS in Kansas and those individuals or organizations who strive to reduce the risk of infant deaths by providing supportive services, community education, professional training and supporting associated research.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or MONIQUEK@KSU.EDU.

KOERNER: Safe Sleep community baby showers

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Although the industry has come a long way when it comes to farm safety and a decline to injuries by about 60%, the rate of fatalities of children dying in farm accidents has stayed fairly steady. 

Every three days, a child dies in an ag-related incident, and each day, 33 children are injured, says farm safety expert Barbara Lee with the National Children’s Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety. “I think the most revealing thing is that for both injuries and deaths, more than half of them occur to kids who are not working – they are just bystanders in the farm environment.”

In an effort to mitigate agricultural injuries and fatalities to young workers in agriculture, several K-State Research and Extension Districts and counties will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training in Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course for youth on Saturday, April 26 from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. It will be held at Hoxie Implement, 933 Oak Ave., Hoxie, Kansas. 

Many thanks to Outdoor Bank for providing the lunch and refreshments and to Thunder Linner Memorial Fund for helping sponsor the training manuals.

In a collaboration with businesses, state and county agencies, K-State Research and Extension agents will teach this course covering farm and machinery safety, including proper tractor operation and maintenance, grain safety, implement use safety, livestock safety and more. 

The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents, and in some instances even when working on the family farm.

Participants must complete some assignments before attending the training on the 26th. 

To obtain this information and to pay the $10 registration fee by Tuesday, April 22, you will need to visit one of the following K-State Research &amp; Extension Offices – Twin Creeks @ 785-421-3411, Golden Prairie @ 785-673-4805, Phillips-Rooks @ 785-425-6851, Cottonwood District @ 785-628-9430 and Thomas County Extension @ 785-460-4582.

Some Extension offices may provide transportation to the training.

Don’t delay and register by Friday, April 22 for the Tractor &amp; Farm Machinery Safety Course for youth 14 - 15 years of age to be held in Hoxie on Saturday, April 26.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension." />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAlthough the industry has come a long way when it comes to farm safety and a decline to injuries by about 60%, the rate of fatalities of children dying in farm accidents has stayed fairly steady. Every three days, a child dies in an ag-related incident, and each day, 33 children are injured, says farm safety expert Barbara Lee with the National Children’s Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety. “I think the most revealing thing is that for both injuries and deaths, more than half of them occur to kids who are not working – they are just bystanders in the farm environment.”In an effort to mitigate agricultural injuries and fatalities to young workers in agriculture, several K-State Research and Extension Districts and counties will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training in Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course for youth on Saturday, April 26 from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. It will be held at Hoxie Implement, 933 Oak Ave., Hoxie, Kansas. Many thanks to Outdoor Bank for providing the lunch and refreshments and to Thunder Linner Memorial Fund for helping sponsor the training manuals.In a collaboration with businesses, state and county agencies, K-State Research and Extension agents will teach this course covering farm and machinery safety, including proper tractor operation and maintenance, grain safety, implement use safety, livestock safety and more. The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents, and in some instances even when working on the family farm.Participants must complete some assignments before attending the training on the 26th. To obtain this information and to pay the $10 registration fee by Tuesday, April 22, you will need to visit one of the following K-State Research &amp; Extension Offices – Twin Creeks @ 785-421-3411, Golden Prairie @ 785-673-4805, Phillips-Rooks @ 785-425-6851, Cottonwood District @ 785-628-9430 and Thomas County Extension @ 785-460-4582.Some Extension offices may provide transportation to the training.Don’t delay and register by Friday, April 22 for the Tractor &amp; Farm Machinery Safety Course for youth 14 - 15 years of age to be held in Hoxie on Saturday, April 26.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Tractor, farm safety training for area youth is April 26 in Hoxie

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

We often associate 4-H projects with the county fair but there is so much more to the 4-H year!

The 4-H year begins in October and youth select several projects to explore and increase their knowledge and skills. 

During winter months, this project work can involve working with a beef or swine animal to begin growing, learning about health, and start handling the animal so that it is familiar with the 4-H member. 

Project work for the foods project may involve learning new skills such as measuring or using a sharp knife, and helping make meals for the family. 

Photography members can have incredible opportunities to experiment with light, shadows, and composition with the variety of weather that Kansas provides! 

Additionally, club members are taking on new leadership roles in their club and improving their communication skills at each meeting.

As we move into spring, livestock projects such as sheep and goats take off as those animals are born or purchased and youth will be learning about nutrition, animal health, and showmanship skills. 

Photography becomes even more fun as 4-H youth can explore subjects such as animals, insects, or landscapes as we can spend more time outside. 

This is the time that horticulture projects really get busy as youth work on preparing garden space and selecting seeds or plants.

This past Friday, 4-H members from seven counties gathered at Great Bend High School for Regional 4-H Day. 

Each participant was the top placing individual or group in a variety of categories from club skits to project talks to public speaking. Preparing for their local event requires good preparation and planning, as well as a lot of practice as they improve their communication skills about a topic important to the individual youth.

Throughout the year, youth learn record keeping by working on Project Records which include setting goals, learning opportunities, project work, and financial records.

Communication, Leadership, and Community Engagement are all 4-H project areas but there is a piece of each of these in every 4-H project!&nbsp;These are lifetime skills that help youth be good family members, good employees, and good community members.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran, 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran, 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictWe often associate 4-H projects with the county fair but there is so much more to the 4-H year!The 4-H year begins in October and youth select several projects to explore and increase their knowledge and skills. During winter months, this project work can involve working with a beef or swine animal to begin growing, learning about health, and start handling the animal so that it is familiar with the 4-H member. Project work for the foods project may involve learning new skills such as measuring or using a sharp knife, and helping make meals for the family. Photography members can have incredible opportunities to experiment with light, shadows, and composition with the variety of weather that Kansas provides! Additionally, club members are taking on new leadership roles in their club and improving their communication skills at each meeting.As we move into spring, livestock projects such as sheep and goats take off as those animals are born or purchased and youth will be learning about nutrition, animal health, and showmanship skills. Photography becomes even more fun as 4-H youth can explore subjects such as animals, insects, or landscapes as we can spend more time outside. This is the time that horticulture projects really get busy as youth work on preparing garden space and selecting seeds or plants.This past Friday, 4-H members from seven counties gathered at Great Bend High School for Regional 4-H Day. Each participant was the top placing individual or group in a variety of categories from club skits to project talks to public speaking. Preparing for their local event requires good preparation and planning, as well as a lot of practice as they improve their communication skills about a topic important to the individual youth.Throughout the year, youth learn record keeping by working on Project Records which include setting goals, learning opportunities, project work, and financial records.Communication, Leadership, and Community Engagement are all 4-H project areas but there is a piece of each of these in every 4-H project!&nbsp;These are lifetime skills that help youth be good family members, good employees, and good community members.Keep learning! Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Life skills all year

Marietta Billinger, a beloved mother, grandmother and
lifelong resident of Park, Kansas, passed away peacefully on March 12, 2025, at
the age of 104. She was born on September 4, 1920, the daughter of Alexander
and Josephine Depperschmidt and lived a rich, full life dedicated to her
family, faith, and community. Marietta’s education began in a country school
before attending Park High School graduating in 1939. On January 3, 1945,
Anthony Billinger and Marietta were married at Sacred Heart Church in Park, Kansas.
Marietta resided in Park until the age of 98 at which time she moved to
assisted living in Hays, Kansas later moving to Via Christi Ascension.

Marietta was a devoted mother to her six children and a
cherished grandmother to her many grandchildren who brought her immense joy
throughout her long life. Her home was a gathering place filled with love,
laughter, and the warmth of family and friends, whom she treasured deeply.

Tony and Marietta opened Billinger Repair Shop in 1957
selling Minneapolis Moline tractors where she assisted with bookkeeping,
showcasing her keen mind and strong work ethic. Marietta continued to work into
her golden years, retiring at the age of 89.

Marietta began her career in 1963, as the first and only
school secretary in the Park school system. Throughout her 28 years of serving
the Park and Grainfield school districts she served in several roles as
secretary in both Park and Wheatland schools, as well as serving as the school
board administrator and treasurer, where her kindness and organizational skills
left a lasting impression on students, staff and parents alike.

A faithful Catholic, Marietta’s spiritual life was a
cornerstone of her existence, guiding her through both triumphs and challenges.
Her commitment to her faith was evident in the way she lived-selflessly and
with grace. Marietta was a member of Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Altar
Society in Park, and Daughters of Isabella in Park and Oakley. Her special
interests included golf, bowling, movies, traveling and especially dancing.
Marietta had the opportunity to travel to many foreign countries, including her
favorite country Italy and meeting the Pope. One of her most memorable travels
was her trip to Hawaii with her daughters and surviving hurricane Iniki.
&nbsp;She was known for her delicious meals especially fried chicken, Christmas
cookies, and fudge. Marietta always rose to the occasion when Tony would bring
home extra people for an evening meal. Marietta’s legacy is one of resilience,
love, and community. She will be dearly missed by all who knew her, but her
spirit lives on in the countless lives she touched.

Survivors include: three sons Terry (Carol deceased) Park, KS,
Rick (Rita) Billinger Goodland, KS, Keith (Gladys) Billinger Victoria, KS,
three daughters Deanna (John) Siefken Grainfield, KS, Jeanell (Tim deceased)
Smith Aurora, CO, Laura (Terry) Friend Lake Kiowa, TX. Marietta is also
survived by grandchildren Kerry (Barb) Billinger, Ron (Jennifer) Billinger,
Aaron (CiCi) Siefken, Nicole Siefken, Jonathan (Coral) Siefken, Bri (James)
Bowers, Tyler (Christin) Billinger, Kendra (Justin) Shiffman, Kaylee (Ian)
Peters, Shannon (Katrina) Billinger, Shawn (Lindsay) Billinger, Sheena
(Jonathan) Salinas, Hope Smith, Karley (Brett) Butler, Christie (Mitch) Pricer,
36 great grandchildren and one great-great grandchild. She is also survived by
her sister Sophie (Depperschmidt) Ochs and many nieces and nephews.

Proceeded in death by her husband, Anthony, her parents and
her brothers, Victor, Charles, Ralph and many good friends.

The family suggests memorials made out to Sacred Heart
Catholic Church or masses. Donations may be sent to Schmitt Funeral Home, 901
South Main St., Quinter, KS 67752.

A visitation will be held on March 21, 2025, from 6:00 p.m.
to 8:00 p.m. at Schmitt Funeral Home, 901 South Main St., Quinter, KS, with a
prayer of the Rosary at 7:00 p.m. followed by a vigil at 7:30 p.m.

The Mass of Christian Burial will be held on March 22, 2025,
at 10:30 a.m. at Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 202 Cottonwood St., Park, KS
with burial to follow.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/3/1742231898391.jpeg" alt="Marietta Billinger" />
 <figcaption>Marietta Billinger</figcaption>
 </figure>Marietta Billinger, a beloved mother, grandmother and
lifelong resident of Park, Kansas, passed away peacefully on March 12, 2025, at
the age of 104. She was born on September 4, 1920, the daughter of Alexander
and Josephine Depperschmidt and lived a rich, full life dedicated to her
family, faith, and community. Marietta’s education began in a country school
before attending Park High School graduating in 1939. On January 3, 1945,
Anthony Billinger and Marietta were married at Sacred Heart Church in Park, Kansas.
Marietta resided in Park until the age of 98 at which time she moved to
assisted living in Hays, Kansas later moving to Via Christi Ascension.Marietta was a devoted mother to her six children and a
cherished grandmother to her many grandchildren who brought her immense joy
throughout her long life. Her home was a gathering place filled with love,
laughter, and the warmth of family and friends, whom she treasured deeply.Tony and Marietta opened Billinger Repair Shop in 1957
selling Minneapolis Moline tractors where she assisted with bookkeeping,
showcasing her keen mind and strong work ethic. Marietta continued to work into
her golden years, retiring at the age of 89.Marietta began her career in 1963, as the first and only
school secretary in the Park school system. Throughout her 28 years of serving
the Park and Grainfield school districts she served in several roles as
secretary in both Park and Wheatland schools, as well as serving as the school
board administrator and treasurer, where her kindness and organizational skills
left a lasting impression on students, staff and parents alike.A faithful Catholic, Marietta’s spiritual life was a
cornerstone of her existence, guiding her through both triumphs and challenges.
Her commitment to her faith was evident in the way she lived-selflessly and
with grace. Marietta was a member of Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Altar
Society in Park, and Daughters of Isabella in Park and Oakley. Her special
interests included golf, bowling, movies, traveling and especially dancing.
Marietta had the opportunity to travel to many foreign countries, including her
favorite country Italy and meeting the Pope. One of her most memorable travels
was her trip to Hawaii with her daughters and surviving hurricane Iniki.
&nbsp;She was known for her delicious meals especially fried chicken, Christmas
cookies, and fudge. Marietta always rose to the occasion when Tony would bring
home extra people for an evening meal. Marietta’s legacy is one of resilience,
love, and community. She will be dearly missed by all who knew her, but her
spirit lives on in the countless lives she touched.Survivors include: three sons Terry (Carol deceased) Park, KS,
Rick (Rita) Billinger Goodland, KS, Keith (Gladys) Billinger Victoria, KS,
three daughters Deanna (John) Siefken Grainfield, KS, Jeanell (Tim deceased)
Smith Aurora, CO, Laura (Terry) Friend Lake Kiowa, TX. Marietta is also
survived by grandchildren Kerry (Barb) Billinger, Ron (Jennifer) Billinger,
Aaron (CiCi) Siefken, Nicole Siefken, Jonathan (Coral) Siefken, Bri (James)
Bowers, Tyler (Christin) Billinger, Kendra (Justin) Shiffman, Kaylee (Ian)
Peters, Shannon (Katrina) Billinger, Shawn (Lindsay) Billinger, Sheena
(Jonathan) Salinas, Hope Smith, Karley (Brett) Butler, Christie (Mitch) Pricer,
36 great grandchildren and one great-great grandchild. She is also survived by
her sister Sophie (Depperschmidt) Ochs and many nieces and nephews.Proceeded in death by her husband, Anthony, her parents and
her brothers, Victor, Charles, Ralph and many good friends.The family suggests memorials made out to Sacred Heart
Catholic Church or masses. Donations may be sent to Schmitt Funeral Home, 901
South Main St., Quinter, KS 67752.A visitation will be held on March 21, 2025, from 6:00 p.m.
to 8:00 p.m. at Schmitt Funeral Home, 901 South Main St., Quinter, KS, with a
prayer of the Rosary at 7:00 p.m. followed by a vigil at 7:30 p.m.The Mass of Christian Burial will be held on March 22, 2025,
at 10:30 a.m. at Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 202 Cottonwood St., Park, KS
with burial to follow.

Marietta Billinger

Our Hypertension Awareness and Prevention Program, which launched in January, includes nutrition workshops that are open to the public. 

Are you looking to make healthier nutrition choices? Unsure where to start? Small changes tend to be more sustainable than large, drastic shifts, and once these habits are established, you can build on them over time.

We have three upcoming nutrition programs left:

· Shake off Excess Sodium: Learn about the impact of sodium on health and discover which foods are high in sodium and which are healthier alternatives.

· Cooking with Herbs and Spices: Explore how to enhance the flavor of your meals without relying on salt.

· Heart Smart Eating When Out and About: Gain useful tips for navigating dining out and making heart-healthy choices.

Each session includes a food demonstration, allowing you to see how to prepare these nutritious meals and taste them for yourself. Healthy eating can be flavorful and exciting!

We’d love for you to join us! More details are below.

Event Details Time: 6:00 - 7:00 pm Location: 601 Main St., Hays,&nbsp; Dates: March 25, April 29, May 27

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictOur Hypertension Awareness and Prevention Program, which launched in January, includes nutrition workshops that are open to the public. Are you looking to make healthier nutrition choices? Unsure where to start? Small changes tend to be more sustainable than large, drastic shifts, and once these habits are established, you can build on them over time.We have three upcoming nutrition programs left:· Shake off Excess Sodium: Learn about the impact of sodium on health and discover which foods are high in sodium and which are healthier alternatives.· Cooking with Herbs and Spices: Explore how to enhance the flavor of your meals without relying on salt.· Heart Smart Eating When Out and About: Gain useful tips for navigating dining out and making heart-healthy choices.Each session includes a food demonstration, allowing you to see how to prepare these nutritious meals and taste them for yourself. Healthy eating can be flavorful and exciting!We’d love for you to join us! More details are below.Event Details Time: 6:00 - 7:00 pm Location: 601 Main St., Hays,&nbsp; Dates: March 25, April 29, May 27 Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Upcoming nutrition workshops

Alfalfa weevil eggs are laid inside alfalfa stems in the fall and spring. Larvae feed on terminal and upper plant leaves early in the spring, resulting in damage occurring before the first cutting.

Alfalfa weevil degree days are a great way to estimate what might be going on in the field and serve as a useful tool to know when to time scouting. Alfalfa weevil eggs begin hatching after 300 degree days have accumulated. 

Since we cannot determine if eggs present were laid the previous fall or the current spring, in Kansas, scouting should start after 180 degree days have accumulated starting from January 1.

How do I know how many degree days have accumulated?

For the most up-to-date alfalfa weevil degree day accumulations, visit the Kansas Mesonet Degree Days Calculator <a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a> then find the Mesonet weather station closest to you--click onto it, then click onto Alfalfa Weevil and click submit. That will show you the Alfalfa Weevil Growing Degrees accumulation.

The Hays Mesonet has 167 degree days accumulation at the time of this writing.

For a complete guide to alfalfa weevil management recommendations, please refer to the upcoming K-State Research &amp; Extension publication 2025 Alfalfa Insect Pest Management Guide that will be available online soon. Just Google it and you should find it.

While warmer spring temperatures allow for faster alfalfa weevil development, be aware that dramatic temperature drops can slow down alfalfa growth, making the plants unable to keep up with feeding damage. 

Treatment may be warranted in shorter fields between 3 and 7 inches tall when feeding is evident on the top inch of growth and 1 to 2 larvae are present. If a field is treated, it is important to verify that the expected amount of control was achieved. 

In 2020, populations of alfalfa weevil resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II w/Zeon Tech) were verified in northwest and southwest Kansas and Oklahoma.

While this resistance has not appeared to become a widespread problem for Kansas producers, be aware and after application continue to scout fields. Oklahoma continues to have resistance statewide. 

Numerous products are available for alfalfa weevil control in Kansas. When making management decisions, it is important to rotate modes of action, i.e. pyrethroid and organophosphate, this is one way to slow down the development of resistance. 

For a comprehensive list and description of all currently recognized insecticide modes of action, consult <a href="https://irac-online.org/">https://irac-online.org</a>.

One update to control options to be aware of was in 2024 a reversal of the EPA’s ruling to ban chlorpyrifos (Lorsban and others). Following that, the EPA issued a technical correction in&nbsp;which 11 special uses of chlorpyriphos were allowed. Among the 11 special uses pertinent to Kansas are alfalfa, cotton, soybean, and winter wheat.

If you have any questions contact your local county or district extension office.

Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, K-State Extension Entomologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell&nbsp;is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell&nbsp;is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Alfalfa weevil eggs are laid inside alfalfa stems in the fall and spring. Larvae feed on terminal and upper plant leaves early in the spring, resulting in damage occurring before the first cutting.Alfalfa weevil degree days are a great way to estimate what might be going on in the field and serve as a useful tool to know when to time scouting. Alfalfa weevil eggs begin hatching after 300 degree days have accumulated. Since we cannot determine if eggs present were laid the previous fall or the current spring, in Kansas, scouting should start after 180 degree days have accumulated starting from January 1.How do I know how many degree days have accumulated?For the most up-to-date alfalfa weevil degree day accumulations, visit the Kansas Mesonet Degree Days Calculator <a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a> then find the Mesonet weather station closest to you--click onto it, then click onto Alfalfa Weevil and click submit. That will show you the Alfalfa Weevil Growing Degrees accumulation. The Hays Mesonet has 167 degree days accumulation at the time of this writing.For a complete guide to alfalfa weevil management recommendations, please refer to the upcoming K-State Research &amp; Extension publication 2025 Alfalfa Insect Pest Management Guide that will be available online soon. Just Google it and you should find it.Be aware of insecticide resistance. While warmer spring temperatures allow for faster alfalfa weevil development, be aware that dramatic temperature drops can slow down alfalfa growth, making the plants unable to keep up with feeding damage. Treatment may be warranted in shorter fields between 3 and 7 inches tall when feeding is evident on the top inch of growth and 1 to 2 larvae are present. If a field is treated, it is important to verify that the expected amount of control was achieved. In 2020, populations of alfalfa weevil resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II w/Zeon Tech) were verified in northwest and southwest Kansas and Oklahoma. While this resistance has not appeared to become a widespread problem for Kansas producers, be aware and after application continue to scout fields. Oklahoma continues to have resistance statewide. Numerous products are available for alfalfa weevil control in Kansas. When making management decisions, it is important to rotate modes of action, i.e. pyrethroid and organophosphate, this is one way to slow down the development of resistance. For a comprehensive list and description of all currently recognized insecticide modes of action, consult <a href="https://irac-online.org/">https://irac-online.org</a>.One update to control options to be aware of was in 2024 a reversal of the EPA’s ruling to ban chlorpyrifos (Lorsban and others). Following that, the EPA issued a technical correction in&nbsp;which 11 special uses of chlorpyriphos were allowed. Among the 11 special uses pertinent to Kansas are alfalfa, cotton, soybean, and winter wheat.If you have any questions contact your local county or district extension office. Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, K-State Extension Entomologist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Start monitoring alfalfa weevils using degree days, scouting 

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Monique Koerner, Family and Community Wellness extension agent in the Cottonwood District, and Micki Armstrong of "A Different Mindset" about the March 22 fundraiser, "A Rock 'n' Roll Night to Remember."

<div><iframe title="Post Podcast: &quot;A Rock 'n' Roll Night to Remember&quot;" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=wye96-183d825-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, news reporter Becky Kiser talks with Monique Koerner, Family and Community Wellness extension agent in the Cottonwood District, and Micki Armstrong of "A Different Mindset" about the March 22 fundraiser, "A Rock 'n' Roll Night to Remember."<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/3/1741966079393.png" alt="" />
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🎙 Post Podcast: "A Rock 'n' Roll Night to Remember"

This summer, thousands of Kansas teenagers will begin their first job working for a farmer or rancher. 

For those that are ages 14 or 15, they must complete a tractor safety course in order to be legally employed. A thirteen-year-old may enroll in the training if turning 14 before the next year’s class is offered, but the certificate will not be issued until their fourteenth birthday.

To help prepare some of those youth for the upcoming work season. The Midway district, along with the collaboration of the Cottonwood extension district, will be hosting an in-person tractor safety class on April 5 starting at 8:15 a.m. at the Ellsworth Carrico Implement location 1104 E. 8th St., Ellsworth.

This course will meet the requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Hazardous Occupations Order for Agriculture. These&nbsp; regulations state that youth 14 and 15 years of age who wish to work as a hired employee for someone other than a parent or legal guardian and operate a farm tractor that is 20 HP or greater must successfully pass a tractor safety training program.

The cost of the program is 15 dollars to cover the cost of materials for the course. 

Those wanting to enroll should visit and complete the “Tractor Safety Registration Form.” 

Enrollment is due by Friday, March 28 for the Ellsworth location.

Other tractor safety courses will be held at later dates: April 26,&nbsp;Beloit Carrico Implement; May 22,&nbsp;Solomon, at KanEquip.

Prospective students can check availability and ask questions prior to registering by calling &nbsp;or emailing Extension Agents Craig Dinkel, Clinton Laflin or Alicia Boor. Craig and Clint can be reached by phone at 785-472-4442, or email,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cadinkel@ksu.edu">cadinkel@ksu.edu</a>,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cllaflin@ksu.edu">cllaflin@ksu.edu</a>. Alicia Boor can be reached by phone at 620-793-1910, or email,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis summer, thousands of Kansas teenagers will begin their first job working for a farmer or rancher. For those that are ages 14 or 15, they must complete a tractor safety course in order to be legally employed. A thirteen-year-old may enroll in the training if turning 14 before the next year’s class is offered, but the certificate will not be issued until their fourteenth birthday.To help prepare some of those youth for the upcoming work season. The Midway district, along with the collaboration of the Cottonwood extension district, will be hosting an in-person tractor safety class on April 5 starting at 8:15 a.m. at the Ellsworth Carrico Implement location 1104 E. 8th St., Ellsworth.This course will meet the requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Hazardous Occupations Order for Agriculture. These&nbsp; regulations state that youth 14 and 15 years of age who wish to work as a hired employee for someone other than a parent or legal guardian and operate a farm tractor that is 20 HP or greater must successfully pass a tractor safety training program.The cost of the program is 15 dollars to cover the cost of materials for the course. Those wanting to enroll should visit and complete the “Tractor Safety Registration Form.” Enrollment is due by Friday, March 28 for the Ellsworth location.Other tractor safety courses will be held at later dates: April 26,&nbsp;Beloit Carrico Implement; May 22,&nbsp;Solomon, at KanEquip.Prospective students can check availability and ask questions prior to registering by calling &nbsp;or emailing Extension Agents Craig Dinkel, Clinton Laflin or Alicia Boor. Craig and Clint can be reached by phone at 785-472-4442, or email,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cadinkel@ksu.edu">cadinkel@ksu.edu</a>,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cllaflin@ksu.edu">cllaflin@ksu.edu</a>. Alicia Boor can be reached by phone at 620-793-1910, or email,&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Tractor safety classes offered by K-State Research & Extension

By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension District

Brain health: It’s a topic that many of us are concerned about. Most of us know someone who has dementia, and there’s good reason why experts call Alzheimer’s “the biggest health crisis facing the world today.” In fact, about 6.7 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s, and the number is expected to double by 2060.

Watching loved ones suffer from deteriorating brain health can be extremely challenging. It can also be uncomfortable to realize your own risk of developing dementia as statistics rise. So, what if you knew the disease was in your future? Would you act now?

The good news is that there are steps you can take today to reduce the risk of cognitive decline for you and your loved ones. It’s also important to remember that it is never too late to adopt a healthy lifestyle. 

Here are a few ways to boost brain health:

Get good quality sleep. Six to eight hours of restful sleep allows the immune system to repair and renew the body. This is also true for the brain. When one doesn’t get enough sleep, inflammation is hard to control, which contributes to brain-related disease.

Learn something new. You’ve heard the saying, “Use it or lose it.” Activities that challenge the brain, such as learning and intellectual hobbies, strengthen synapses between brain cells. Overall, this can improve brain health.

Stay socially connected. According to the CDC, social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia. Maintaining relationships helps to provide a sense of purpose, and it helps to prevent cognitive decline.

Take care of your mental health. Studies have shown that a history of depression increases the risk of cognitive decline. Reducing stress, participating in hobbies you enjoy, and finding support can help to improve mental health.

These steps to boost brain health are just a few ways to take action. If you are interested in taking care of your brain health or helping a loved one, resources are closer than you may think.

A Different Mindset Association, located in Hays, aims to support caregivers, provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about Dementia. Currently, the group hosts caregiver support group meetings via Zoom and in person. The group also offers respite services for caregivers on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of every month.

To support the impactful resources that A Different Mindset Association provides, consider attending A Rock “N” Roll Night to Remember on March 22 and enjoy an evening of music by Jimmy Dee and The Fabulous Destinations. The event will include a meal and drinks along with a crowded dance floor and a silent auction. 

Join A Different Mindset Association at the Ellis County Fairgrounds at 5:30 pm to support local dementia resources. Don’t forget to grab your tickets at <a href="https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/fundraisers/">https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/fundraisers/</a>

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictBrain health: It’s a topic that many of us are concerned about. Most of us know someone who has dementia, and there’s good reason why experts call Alzheimer’s “the biggest health crisis facing the world today.” In fact, about 6.7 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s, and the number is expected to double by 2060.Watching loved ones suffer from deteriorating brain health can be extremely challenging. It can also be uncomfortable to realize your own risk of developing dementia as statistics rise. So, what if you knew the disease was in your future? Would you act now?The good news is that there are steps you can take today to reduce the risk of cognitive decline for you and your loved ones. It’s also important to remember that it is never too late to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Here are a few ways to boost brain health:Get good quality sleep. Six to eight hours of restful sleep allows the immune system to repair and renew the body. This is also true for the brain. When one doesn’t get enough sleep, inflammation is hard to control, which contributes to brain-related disease.Learn something new. You’ve heard the saying, “Use it or lose it.” Activities that challenge the brain, such as learning and intellectual hobbies, strengthen synapses between brain cells. Overall, this can improve brain health.Stay socially connected. According to the CDC, social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia. Maintaining relationships helps to provide a sense of purpose, and it helps to prevent cognitive decline.Take care of your mental health. Studies have shown that a history of depression increases the risk of cognitive decline. Reducing stress, participating in hobbies you enjoy, and finding support can help to improve mental health.These steps to boost brain health are just a few ways to take action. If you are interested in taking care of your brain health or helping a loved one, resources are closer than you may think.A Different Mindset Association, located in Hays, aims to support caregivers, provide education, network resources, and promote awareness about Dementia. Currently, the group hosts caregiver support group meetings via Zoom and in person. The group also offers respite services for caregivers on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of every month.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/3/1741112674696.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>To support the impactful resources that A Different Mindset Association provides, consider attending A Rock “N” Roll Night to Remember on March 22 and enjoy an evening of music by Jimmy Dee and The Fabulous Destinations. The event will include a meal and drinks along with a crowded dance floor and a silent auction. Join A Different Mindset Association at the Ellis County Fairgrounds at 5:30 pm to support local dementia resources. Don’t forget to grab your tickets at <a href="https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/fundraisers/">https://www.adiffmindsetassoc.org/adm/fundraisers/</a>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-

WINKEL: Boost brain health, support local dementia resources

From an early age, we learn that nutritious foods and physical activity can help us stay healthy. Growing evidence now suggests that social connections may also be key to good health. Socially connected people tend to live longer. They’re at lower risk for serious health problems. Social bonds are also linked to our mental health, eating habits, and much more.

Despite the links between our social ties and health, there’s been a troubling increase in social disconnection around the world. About 1 in 3 adults nationwide report feeling lonely. About 1 in 4 say they lack social and emotional support.

Many factors can contribute to a person feeling lonely. These include the quality of your personal relationships, your community, and society in general. Your personal health, life stage, and personality can also have an impact.

People who are socially isolated or feel lonely are more likely to have heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, depression, or anxiety. They’re also at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia, and for early death.

Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic affected our relationships and feelings of isolation. But the breakdown of social bonds was growing long before the pandemic. Over the past few decades, fewer people have been joining community groups or faith-based organizations.&nbsp;There’s also been a rise in single-person households. 

Digital technologies have made it easier to connect with others. But they can also expose us to harms like bullying.

Scientists are working to better understand the links between social bonds and our health. And they’re looking for ways to counteract the effects of loneliness and social isolation.

“Humans are a social species. We are highly dependent on others from birth,” says Dr. Elizabeth Necka, an NIH expert on social and behavioral science. “So feeling socially isolated can make you feel as though you’re in a very stressful situation. And stress has been associated with chronic inflammation, which can have effects on cardiovascular health.”

 Long-lasting inflammation has also been linked to cancer and other health problems. And our ability to biologically respond to stressors weakens with age.

Necka notes that there’s a difference between social isolation and loneliness, but the two are related. Social isolation means you have few connections or contacts with others. Loneliness has to do with how you feel about being alone, or your perception.

“Some people can be objectively socially isolated but not feel lonely. They may enjoy the solitude,” Necka explains. “Others can be surrounded by people and yet feel very lonely because those relationships aren’t satisfying to them.” Both loneliness and social isolation can be harmful to health. Even people who feel OK about being socially isolated are at increased risk for poorer health.

Everyone feels lonely now and then. But certain factors can raise the likelihood of persistent loneliness or social isolation. These include living alone, having trouble walking or moving, or having problems with vision or hearing. 

Other risk factors include financial struggles and mental health issues. Living in a rural, unsafe, or hard to reach neighborhood also raises your risk. So do major life changes like retirement or the death of a loved one.

Many studies have found that older adults are especially likely to feel lonely or socially isolated. But a recent analysis of more than 128,000 people from over 20 countries reports that young adults are also vulnerable.

 “Over the course of the adult lifespan, we found that loneliness is higher in young adulthood and older adulthood. It dips during mid-life,” says psychologist Dr. Eileen Graham at Northwestern University.

Graham and others have found that “generativity”—the urge to nurture younger people—can play a protective role. “People who are high in generativity are more socially resilient,” Graham says. “They feel they’re contributing to society, and they’re teaching new generations. It promotes well-being.” And it may help buffer against the harms of social isolation and loneliness.

“There’s an interesting thing that happens in late life,” Necka adds. “People tend to focus more on relationships that are high quality and on the positive and meaningful impacts of those relationships. There’s less focus on relationships that are a bit more casual. Research suggests that tendency in late life actually can be protective for older adults.”

“Marital status, or intimate relationships, are also an important feature of our social networks,” says Dr. David Sbarra, a psychologist and researcher at the University of Arizona. Married people tend to live longer and have other health benefits compared to the unmarried. 

But the quality of the relationship, whether supportive or fraught, can have an impact. “In a high-quality relationship, your needs are taken under consideration, and you perceive that your partner cares for you,” Sbarra says. “This perceived responsiveness, or empathy, is key to intimacy.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Power of Personal ConnectionsFrom an early age, we learn that nutritious foods and physical activity can help us stay healthy. Growing evidence now suggests that social connections may also be key to good health. Socially connected people tend to live longer. They’re at lower risk for serious health problems. Social bonds are also linked to our mental health, eating habits, and much more.Despite the links between our social ties and health, there’s been a troubling increase in social disconnection around the world. About 1 in 3 adults nationwide report feeling lonely. About 1 in 4 say they lack social and emotional support.Social BondsMany factors can contribute to a person feeling lonely. These include the quality of your personal relationships, your community, and society in general. Your personal health, life stage, and personality can also have an impact.People who are socially isolated or feel lonely are more likely to have heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, depression, or anxiety. They’re also at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia, and for early death.Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic affected our relationships and feelings of isolation. But the breakdown of social bonds was growing long before the pandemic. Over the past few decades, fewer people have been joining community groups or faith-based organizations.&nbsp;There’s also been a rise in single-person households. Digital technologies have made it easier to connect with others. But they can also expose us to harms like bullying.Scientists are working to better understand the links between social bonds and our health. And they’re looking for ways to counteract the effects of loneliness and social isolation.“Humans are a social species. We are highly dependent on others from birth,” says Dr. Elizabeth Necka, an NIH expert on social and behavioral science. “So feeling socially isolated can make you feel as though you’re in a very stressful situation. And stress has been associated with chronic inflammation, which can have effects on cardiovascular health.” Long-lasting inflammation has also been linked to cancer and other health problems. And our ability to biologically respond to stressors weakens with age.Necka notes that there’s a difference between social isolation and loneliness, but the two are related. Social isolation means you have few connections or contacts with others. Loneliness has to do with how you feel about being alone, or your perception.“Some people can be objectively socially isolated but not feel lonely. They may enjoy the solitude,” Necka explains. “Others can be surrounded by people and yet feel very lonely because those relationships aren’t satisfying to them.” Both loneliness and social isolation can be harmful to health. Even people who feel OK about being socially isolated are at increased risk for poorer health.Who’s at Risk?Everyone feels lonely now and then. But certain factors can raise the likelihood of persistent loneliness or social isolation. These include living alone, having trouble walking or moving, or having problems with vision or hearing. Other risk factors include financial struggles and mental health issues. Living in a rural, unsafe, or hard to reach neighborhood also raises your risk. So do major life changes like retirement or the death of a loved one.Many studies have found that older adults are especially likely to feel lonely or socially isolated. But a recent analysis of more than 128,000 people from over 20 countries reports that young adults are also vulnerable. “Over the course of the adult lifespan, we found that loneliness is higher in young adulthood and older adulthood. It dips during mid-life,” says psychologist Dr. Eileen Graham at Northwestern University.Graham and others have found that “generativity”—the urge to nurture younger people—can play a protective role. “People who are high in generativity are more socially resilient,” Graham says. “They feel they’re contributing to society, and they’re teaching new generations. It promotes well-being.” And it may help buffer against the harms of social isolation and loneliness.“There’s an interesting thing that happens in late life,” Necka adds. “People tend to focus more on relationships that are high quality and on the positive and meaningful impacts of those relationships. There’s less focus on relationships that are a bit more casual. Research suggests that tendency in late life actually can be protective for older adults.”Coupling Up“Marital status, or intimate relationships, are also an important feature of our social networks,” says Dr. David Sbarra, a psychologist and researcher at the University of Arizona. Married people tend to live longer and have other health benefits compared to the unmarried. But the quality of the relationship, whether supportive or fraught, can have an impact. “In a high-quality relationship, your needs are taken under consideration, and you perceive that your partner cares for you,” Sbarra says. “This perceived responsiveness, or empathy, is key to intimacy.”Sbarra’s team has found that divorce and separation are linked with changes to structures deep within cells called telomeres, which are associated with aging. Such changes are linked to health problems, including cancer and shorter life.The team is now using brain imaging and smartphone apps to assess the quality of couples’ relationships. They’re studying whether repetitive negative thoughts in one partner leads to stress and health problems for both.New Connections“If you’re feeling lonely or socially disconnected, it can feel intimidating to try to form new connections,” Necka says. “High-quality connections are best. But even brief interactions can make a difference. It can be a first step.”For example, you might go to the grocery store at the same time every week and see the same clerk. You can smile and strike up a brief conversation. Or you notice that someone at your regular bus stop always wears purple. You could chat about favorite colors. Over time, you might feel more comfortable connecting with others in different ways.“If you see someone in your community, maybe an older adult who lives alone or a single parent, check in and ask what they might need. Let them know that you’re available,” Graham adds. “Offer to bring them dinner, play cards, or other things. We can reach out and help each other connect.” See the Wise Choices box for more tips, and in the process improve your health.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.