By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

Have you gotten outside for some fresh air? Taken a walk with friends or family? Better yet, have you signed up for Walk Kansas?

While Walk Kansas kicked off on Sunday, March 22, there is still time to register your team and see how far you can walk between now and May 16!

Walk Kansas is an 8-week K-State Extension (KSE) health initiative that promotes personal health and well-being by helping participants adopt healthful lifestyle habits. While primarily a team-based program, you can also go solo! Walk Kansas will help you:

· be more active with support from friends and family · make healthier nutrition and beverage choices · learn helpful techniques to reduce stress, sleep well, and improve overall well-being

This marks the 26th Walk Kansas program! Each year brings a renewed focus on helping participants meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables they eat.

If you follow us on social media, we’ll be posting a weekly newsletter which includes a recipe and I’m looking forward to trying the Mediterranean Chicken Bake that will be available this week. Our Cottonwood Extension District team would love to see you share pictures of your team on our posts!

I am definitely not a runner but my family would tell you that I regularly “power walk” everywhere. However, many other activities count toward our weekly minutes, including gardening, team sports, and strengthening exercises. The Walk Kansas Activity Guide (<a href="https://walkkansas.org/doc/participant/WK.Activity.Guide.26.pdf">walkkansas.org/doc/participant/WK.Activity.Guide.26.pdf</a>) is a great resource for other ways to increase your activity!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;s a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;s a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictHave you gotten outside for some fresh air? Taken a walk with friends or family? Better yet, have you signed up for Walk Kansas?While Walk Kansas kicked off on Sunday, March 22, there is still time to register your team and see how far you can walk between now and May 16!Walk Kansas is an 8-week K-State Extension (KSE) health initiative that promotes personal health and well-being by helping participants adopt healthful lifestyle habits. While primarily a team-based program, you can also go solo! Walk Kansas will help you: · be more active with support from friends and family · make healthier nutrition and beverage choices · learn helpful techniques to reduce stress, sleep well, and improve overall well-beingThis marks the 26th Walk Kansas program! Each year brings a renewed focus on helping participants meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and increasing the amount of fruits and vegetables they eat.If you follow us on social media, we’ll be posting a weekly newsletter which includes a recipe and I’m looking forward to trying the Mediterranean Chicken Bake that will be available this week. Our Cottonwood Extension District team would love to see you share pictures of your team on our posts!I am definitely not a runner but my family would tell you that I regularly “power walk” everywhere. However, many other activities count toward our weekly minutes, including gardening, team sports, and strengthening exercises. The Walk Kansas Activity Guide (<a href="https://walkkansas.org/doc/participant/WK.Activity.Guide.26.pdf">walkkansas.org/doc/participant/WK.Activity.Guide.26.pdf</a>) is a great resource for other ways to increase your activity!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.All Kansas Extension education programs and materials are available to all individuals without discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability.

BERAN: Walk Kansas

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

The recent cold temperatures experienced on March 15-16 were enough to potentially cause freeze damage to winter wheat in parts of Kansas. 

The actual freeze damage will be region-specific, depending on crop growth stage and minimum temperatures. While there is nothing we can do immediately, growers can prioritize the fields they sample for freeze-damage symptoms based on conditions more likely to result in freeze damage.

According to Kansas Mesonet Weather Data for Barton County, hours below 12 degrees were 3 and for Ellis County it was 4 hours of below 12 degrees. 

According to the K-State Spring Freeze Injury to Kansas Wheat publication, the approximate injurious temperatures for tillering and jointing wheat are two hours at 12 and 24°F, respectively. These are not hard numbers, as many factors influence freeze injury.

There are several factors that can affect the potential for freeze damage to wheat in the spring. 

Density of the stand and condition of the plants. If the stand is thick, that will tend to reduce the extent of freeze damage as the warmth of the soil will radiate up into the canopy. On the other hand, well-fertilized succulent wheat has often sustained more freeze injury than wheat that is not as well fertilized. Thin stands are at greater risk of injury because air can penetrate them more easily. If the plants were wet before the freeze, a coating of ice may form, protecting the growing point to some extent. However, if temperatures drop too low, the cold will penetrate the ice.

No-till fields can often sustain more freeze damage because the residue acts as a blanket, preventing the soil's heat from radiating up into the plant canopy.

There is often less freeze injury at a given temperature when soils are wet than when they are dry. Wetter soils tend to radiate a little more warmth than dry soils. On the other hand, drought-stressed plants tend to be more tolerant of cold injury, and their lower leaf water content tends to reduce the severity of freeze injury.

Windy conditions during the nighttime hours, when temperatures are at their lowest, will reduce the amount of heat radiating from the soil and increase the risk of injury.

Low spots in the field are almost always the first to have freeze injury. The coldest air tends to settle in the low areas, especially under calm wind conditions.

Although the sensitivity to freezing temperatures at a given growth stage is very similar across all varieties, Kansas wheat varieties can differ in their release from winter dormancy by up to three weeks. Because of differences in winter-dormancy release, late-release varieties may escape freeze injury due to delayed development.

Injury symptoms to look for in the coming days

There are many possible scenarios after a freeze, and producers should not make any immediate decisions. Ten to 14 days of warm temperatures are needed to allow the wheat to resume growth and to properly assess freeze damage, which will depend strongly on the crop stage.

 Wheat that hasn’t started to joint yet will likely show damage to the existing foliage. This wheat will have damage that causes the leaves to appear dark green to blackish, and it will turn brown and crispy. Splitting the wheat stem to identify the growing point (tiny wheat head) and determine whether it is above or below the soil surface can help assess the risk of freeze injury.

This information has been summarized and taken from the K-State Agronomy eUpdate weekly newsletter. To read the full version search in your browser for KSU Agronomy  eUpdate; also you can subscribe, too.

More information on freeze damage to wheat is available in Spring Freeze Injury to Kansas Wheat, K-State Extension publication C646, available at: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/spring-freeze-injury-to-kansas-wheat_C646.pdf">http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/C646.pdf</a>.

If you need any assistance or have any questions, please give me a call at 785-628-9430 or email me scampbel@ksu.edu

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension Agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe recent cold temperatures experienced on March 15-16 were enough to potentially cause freeze damage to winter wheat in parts of Kansas. The actual freeze damage will be region-specific, depending on crop growth stage and minimum temperatures. While there is nothing we can do immediately, growers can prioritize the fields they sample for freeze-damage symptoms based on conditions more likely to result in freeze damage.According to Kansas Mesonet Weather Data for Barton County, hours below 12 degrees were 3 and for Ellis County it was 4 hours of below 12 degrees. According to the K-State Spring Freeze Injury to Kansas Wheat publication, the approximate injurious temperatures for tillering and jointing wheat are two hours at 12 and 24°F, respectively. These are not hard numbers, as many factors influence freeze injury.There are several factors that can affect the potential for freeze damage to wheat in the spring. Density of the stand and condition of the plants. If the stand is thick, that will tend to reduce the extent of freeze damage as the warmth of the soil will radiate up into the canopy. On the other hand, well-fertilized succulent wheat has often sustained more freeze injury than wheat that is not as well fertilized. Thin stands are at greater risk of injury because air can penetrate them more easily. If the plants were wet before the freeze, a coating of ice may form, protecting the growing point to some extent. However, if temperatures drop too low, the cold will penetrate the ice.No-till fields can often sustain more freeze damage because the residue acts as a blanket, preventing the soil's heat from radiating up into the plant canopy.There is often less freeze injury at a given temperature when soils are wet than when they are dry. Wetter soils tend to radiate a little more warmth than dry soils. On the other hand, drought-stressed plants tend to be more tolerant of cold injury, and their lower leaf water content tends to reduce the severity of freeze injury.Windy conditions during the nighttime hours, when temperatures are at their lowest, will reduce the amount of heat radiating from the soil and increase the risk of injury.Low spots in the field are almost always the first to have freeze injury. The coldest air tends to settle in the low areas, especially under calm wind conditions.Although the sensitivity to freezing temperatures at a given growth stage is very similar across all varieties, Kansas wheat varieties can differ in their release from winter dormancy by up to three weeks. Because of differences in winter-dormancy release, late-release varieties may escape freeze injury due to delayed development.Injury symptoms to look for in the coming daysThere are many possible scenarios after a freeze, and producers should not make any immediate decisions. Ten to 14 days of warm temperatures are needed to allow the wheat to resume growth and to properly assess freeze damage, which will depend strongly on the crop stage.Greenup Wheat that hasn’t started to joint yet will likely show damage to the existing foliage. This wheat will have damage that causes the leaves to appear dark green to blackish, and it will turn brown and crispy. Splitting the wheat stem to identify the growing point (tiny wheat head) and determine whether it is above or below the soil surface can help assess the risk of freeze injury.This information has been summarized and taken from the K-State Agronomy eUpdate weekly newsletter. To read the full version search in your browser for KSU Agronomy eUpdate; also you can subscribe, too.More information on freeze damage to wheat is available in Spring Freeze Injury to Kansas Wheat, K-State Extension publication C646, available at: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/spring-freeze-injury-to-kansas-wheat_C646.pdf">http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/C646.pdf</a>.If you need any assistance or have any questions, please give me a call at 785-628-9430 or email me scampbel@ksu.eduStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension Agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Recent cold temperatures and potential freeze damage to wheat

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines community as a unified body of individuals with common interests living in a particular area or a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society.

We often think of our community as the people who live in proximity to us and that is certainly a valid definition. In this definition, we have common interests but may not all agree about how to accomplish tasks and ideals.

Community can also be defined as an agriculture community across differing productions and practices. Or an education community or any number of other areas that bring people together with similar ideas. However, it still doesn’t mean that we will all agree on how to accomplish goals and ideals. 

Actually, I would challenge that we need to have differing viewpoints to make our community stronger. At the same time, we have to address those differences with respect and a willingness to truly understand another’s point of view.

I am blessed to be a part of a nationwide community related to our family’s cattle breed. It doesn’t mean that I am dismissive of other breeds but enjoy the people and activities in the particular one we support. I have wonderful friendships from coast to coast because of my willingness to be involved.

I am also a part of a state-wide community of extension agents with varying experiences, education, and goals. Working together across our program areas provides better research and information for the communities in which we live.

I am involved with a couple of church organizations that are part of my very local community. Having an investment in helping these organizations to make decisions and provide support for one another is an incredible blessing.

In all of my own communities, we don’t always agree! But I appreciate when we can step back from our personal focus and look at a bigger picture. What is best for this particular community? How does a decision that I or this group makes impact other related decisions? Is it easy – absolutely not! Is it necessary – you bet!

My challenge for you is to consider the communities of which you are a part. This might be the physical town or neighborhood that you live in or it may be a part of an organization or even your place of employment. How can your involvement make that community stronger? Is your involvement simply critical comment without solutions or a willingness to help?

I know that I am grateful for the many “communities” that I am involved in but each of these wouldn’t really matter if I wasn’t willing to listen, learn, and share ideas.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;s a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;s a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictHow do you define community?The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines community as a unified body of individuals with common interests living in a particular area or a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society.We often think of our community as the people who live in proximity to us and that is certainly a valid definition. In this definition, we have common interests but may not all agree about how to accomplish tasks and ideals.Community can also be defined as an agriculture community across differing productions and practices. Or an education community or any number of other areas that bring people together with similar ideas. However, it still doesn’t mean that we will all agree on how to accomplish goals and ideals. Actually, I would challenge that we need to have differing viewpoints to make our community stronger. At the same time, we have to address those differences with respect and a willingness to truly understand another’s point of view.I am blessed to be a part of a nationwide community related to our family’s cattle breed. It doesn’t mean that I am dismissive of other breeds but enjoy the people and activities in the particular one we support. I have wonderful friendships from coast to coast because of my willingness to be involved.I am also a part of a state-wide community of extension agents with varying experiences, education, and goals. Working together across our program areas provides better research and information for the communities in which we live.I am involved with a couple of church organizations that are part of my very local community. Having an investment in helping these organizations to make decisions and provide support for one another is an incredible blessing.In all of my own communities, we don’t always agree! But I appreciate when we can step back from our personal focus and look at a bigger picture. What is best for this particular community? How does a decision that I or this group makes impact other related decisions? Is it easy – absolutely not! Is it necessary – you bet!My challenge for you is to consider the communities of which you are a part. This might be the physical town or neighborhood that you live in or it may be a part of an organization or even your place of employment. How can your involvement make that community stronger? Is your involvement simply critical comment without solutions or a willingness to help?I know that I am grateful for the many “communities” that I am involved in but each of these wouldn’t really matter if I wasn’t willing to listen, learn, and share ideas.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Building community

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

As lawns begin to turn green, controlling weeds and applying fertilizer is important.

Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan, who shares the following maintenance calendar:

Spot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness.

Apply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available.

Fertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer.

If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.

If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water.

Apply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application.

If you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops.

Fertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur.

Fertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer.

Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Use label rates for all products.

McKernan reminds homeowners that using best practices for turf management is the most effective way to manage their lawn.

“This includes watering only when needed and only applying as much as needed. Deep, infrequent watering is more efficient than frequent, shallow watering. Excessive fertilizer does not equal a healthier lawn and follow recommendations for lawn height when mowing.

She also recommends getting the soil tested to determine nutrient levels. The best start to a healthy lawn is healthy soil.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761658791150.jpg" alt="Photo by Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District As lawns begin to turn green, controlling weeds and applying fertilizer is important.Cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue are among the most common grasses needing attention, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan, who shares the following maintenance calendar:MarchSpot treat broadleaf weeds, if necessary. Treat on a day that is 50 degrees or warmer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness.AprilApply crabgrass preventer when redbud trees are in full bloom, usually in April. The preventer needs to be watered in before it will start to work. One-quarter inch of water will be enough to water in any of the products commonly available.MayFertilize the lawn with a slow-release fertilizer if you water your lawn or if you normally receive enough rainfall that your turf doesn’t go drought-dormant during the summer.If there are broadleaf weeds, spot treat with a spray or use a fertilizer that includes a weed killer. Rain or irrigation within 24 hours of application will reduce effectiveness of the weed killer, but the fertilizer needs to be watered in. If you are using a product that has both fertilizer and weed killer, wait 24 hours after application before watering in.If grubs have been a problem in the past, apply a product containing imidacloprid or chlorantraniliprole during May or anytime from May through June for imidacloprid. These products work to prevent grub damage. If rainfall does not occur within 24 hours, irrigate with ¼ inch of water.June through mid-JulyApply second round of crabgrass preventer by June 15 – unless you have used Dimension (dithiopyr) or Barricade (prodiamine) for the April application.Late July through AugustIf you see grub damage, apply a grub killer that contains Dylox. Imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole are effective against young grubs but may not be effective on late instar grubs. The grub killer containing Dylox must be watered in within 24 hours or effectiveness drops.SeptemberFertilize around Labor Day. This is the most important fertilization of the year. Water in the fertilizer if rainfall does not occur.NovemberFertilize. This fertilizer is taken up by the roots but is not used until the following spring. Water in fertilizer.Spray for broadleaf weeds even if they are small. Broadleaf weeds are much easier to control in the fall than in the spring. Try to spray on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Use label rates for all products.McKernan reminds homeowners that using best practices for turf management is the most effective way to manage their lawn.“This includes watering only when needed and only applying as much as needed. Deep, infrequent watering is more efficient than frequent, shallow watering. Excessive fertilizer does not equal a healthier lawn and follow recommendations for lawn height when mowing.She also recommends getting the soil tested to determine nutrient levels. The best start to a healthy lawn is healthy soil.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Lawn maintenance starts in March 

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Each March, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics celebrates National Nutrition Month, an annual campaign designed to promote informed food choices and healthy eating habits. This nationwide observance encourages individuals and families to focus on making small, realistic changes that support lifelong health.

Nutrition plays a powerful role in overall well-being. The foods we choose each day affect our energy levels, immune function, heart health, brain health, and even mood. During National Nutrition Month, communities across the country highlight the importance of balancing nutritious foods with regular physical activity to support a healthy lifestyle at every age.

A key message of National Nutrition Month is that healthy eating does not have to be complicated. 

Building balanced meals can be as simple as including a variety of food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy or fortified alternatives. Aim to fill half your plate with colorful fruits and vegetables, choose whole grains such as brown rice or quinoa, and include lean protein sources like beans, poultry, fish, eggs, or nuts. Small adjustments—like swapping sugary drinks for water or choosing baked instead of fried foods—can make a meaningful difference over time.

Another focus of National Nutrition Month is mindful eating.

 In today’s busy world, meals are often eaten on the go or in front of screens. Taking time to sit down, savor food, and pay attention to hunger and fullness cues can improve digestion and prevent overeating. Planning meals and snacks ahead of time can also reduce stress and make it easier to stick to healthy choices.

Budget-friendly nutrition is an important part of the conversation as well. Healthy eating does not require expensive specialty foods. Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables (with no added salt or sugar) are nutritious, affordable options. Buying in-season produce, comparing unit prices at the store, and cooking more meals at home can stretch food dollars while improving nutritional quality.

National Nutrition Month also emphasizes the value of learning food skills. Cooking at home allows individuals to control ingredients such as sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats. Trying new recipes, experimenting with herbs and spices instead of excess salt, and involving children in meal preparation can build confidence and encourage healthier habits for the entire family.

Physical activity complements good nutrition. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week, while children and teens benefit from daily movement. Walking, dancing, gardening, or playing outside are simple ways to stay active without special equipment.

Most importantly, National Nutrition Month reminds us that progress matters more than perfection. Healthy living is a journey, and every positive choice contributes to long-term wellness. Whether it is adding one extra vegetable to dinner, drinking more water, or preparing one additional home-cooked meal each week, small steps add up.

This March, take time to reflect on your eating habits and consider one or two changes that support your health goals. By making thoughtful food choices and staying active, you can fuel your body, nourish your future, and celebrate National Nutrition Month in a meaningful way.

K-State Extension is here to support you with research based and meaningful information to help you and your family. Please visit our website to learn more about the nutrition and activity programs we offer in the Cottonwood Extension District at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/</a>

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/3/1773756163615.png" alt="Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictEach March, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics celebrates National Nutrition Month, an annual campaign designed to promote informed food choices and healthy eating habits. This nationwide observance encourages individuals and families to focus on making small, realistic changes that support lifelong health.Nutrition plays a powerful role in overall well-being. The foods we choose each day affect our energy levels, immune function, heart health, brain health, and even mood. During National Nutrition Month, communities across the country highlight the importance of balancing nutritious foods with regular physical activity to support a healthy lifestyle at every age.A key message of National Nutrition Month is that healthy eating does not have to be complicated. Building balanced meals can be as simple as including a variety of food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy or fortified alternatives. Aim to fill half your plate with colorful fruits and vegetables, choose whole grains such as brown rice or quinoa, and include lean protein sources like beans, poultry, fish, eggs, or nuts. Small adjustments—like swapping sugary drinks for water or choosing baked instead of fried foods—can make a meaningful difference over time.Another focus of National Nutrition Month is mindful eating. In today’s busy world, meals are often eaten on the go or in front of screens. Taking time to sit down, savor food, and pay attention to hunger and fullness cues can improve digestion and prevent overeating. Planning meals and snacks ahead of time can also reduce stress and make it easier to stick to healthy choices.Budget-friendly nutrition is an important part of the conversation as well. Healthy eating does not require expensive specialty foods. Frozen and canned fruits and vegetables (with no added salt or sugar) are nutritious, affordable options. Buying in-season produce, comparing unit prices at the store, and cooking more meals at home can stretch food dollars while improving nutritional quality.National Nutrition Month also emphasizes the value of learning food skills. Cooking at home allows individuals to control ingredients such as sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats. Trying new recipes, experimenting with herbs and spices instead of excess salt, and involving children in meal preparation can build confidence and encourage healthier habits for the entire family.Physical activity complements good nutrition. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week, while children and teens benefit from daily movement. Walking, dancing, gardening, or playing outside are simple ways to stay active without special equipment.Most importantly, National Nutrition Month reminds us that progress matters more than perfection. Healthy living is a journey, and every positive choice contributes to long-term wellness. Whether it is adding one extra vegetable to dinner, drinking more water, or preparing one additional home-cooked meal each week, small steps add up.This March, take time to reflect on your eating habits and consider one or two changes that support your health goals. By making thoughtful food choices and staying active, you can fuel your body, nourish your future, and celebrate National Nutrition Month in a meaningful way.K-State Extension is here to support you with research based and meaningful information to help you and your family. Please visit our website to learn more about the nutrition and activity programs we offer in the Cottonwood Extension District at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/</a>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Fueling your body, nourishing your future

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Crabgrass preventers are another name for preemergence herbicides that prevent crabgrass seeds from developing into mature plants. Many people have a somewhat foggy idea of how they work and assume they kill the weed seed.&nbsp; Such is not the case. They do not kill the seed or even keep the seed from germinating but rather kill the young plant after it germinates.&nbsp; Therefore, they do not prevent germination but prevent emergence.&nbsp;

Crabgrass preventers are just that – preventers. With few exceptions they have no effect on existing crabgrass plants, so they must be applied before germination. Additionally, preventers do not last forever once applied to the soil. Microorganisms and natural processes begin to gradually break them down soon after they are applied. 

If some products are applied too early, they may have lost much of their strength by the time they are needed. Most crabgrass preventers are fairly ineffective after about 60 days, but there is considerable variation among products.

For most of Kansas, crabgrass typically begins to germinate around May 1 or a little later. April 15 is normally a good target date for applying preventer because it gives active ingredients time to evenly disperse in the soil before crabgrass germination starts.&nbsp; Even better, base timing on the bloom of ornamental plants. The Eastern Redbud tree is a good choice for this purpose. When the trees in your area approach full bloom, apply crabgrass preventer. A follow-up application will be needed about eight weeks later unless you are using Dimension or Barricade.&nbsp;

Dimension and Barricade are the only two products that give season-long control of crabgrass from a single application. In fact, they can be applied earlier than April 15 and still have sufficient residual strength to last the season. Barricade can even be applied in late fall for crabgrass control the next season.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Dimension can be applied as early as March 1. Because of the added flexibility in timing, these products are favorites of lawn care companies who have many customers to service in the spring. Though Dimension is usually not applied as early as Barricade, it is the herbicide of choice if it must be applied later than recommended. It is the exception to the rule that preemergence herbicides do not kill existing weeds. Dimension can kill crabgrass as long as it is young (two- to three-leaf stage). 

Dimension is also the best choice if treating a lawn that was planted late last fall. Normally, a preemergence herbicide is not recommended unless the lawn has been mowed two to four times. But Dimension is kind to young tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass seedlings and some formulations can be applied as early as two weeks after the first sign of germination. However, read the label of the specific product you wish to use to ensure that this use is allowed. 

Lawns established in the fall can be safely treated with Dimension the following spring even if they have not been mowed.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/3/1773159237371.jpeg" alt="Crabgrass. Photo by Betty Marose" />
 <figcaption>Crabgrass. Photo by Betty Marose</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictCrabgrass preventers are another name for preemergence herbicides that prevent crabgrass seeds from developing into mature plants. Many people have a somewhat foggy idea of how they work and assume they kill the weed seed.&nbsp; Such is not the case. They do not kill the seed or even keep the seed from germinating but rather kill the young plant after it germinates.&nbsp; Therefore, they do not prevent germination but prevent emergence.&nbsp;Crabgrass preventers are just that – preventers. With few exceptions they have no effect on existing crabgrass plants, so they must be applied before germination. Additionally, preventers do not last forever once applied to the soil. Microorganisms and natural processes begin to gradually break them down soon after they are applied. If some products are applied too early, they may have lost much of their strength by the time they are needed. Most crabgrass preventers are fairly ineffective after about 60 days, but there is considerable variation among products.For most of Kansas, crabgrass typically begins to germinate around May 1 or a little later. April 15 is normally a good target date for applying preventer because it gives active ingredients time to evenly disperse in the soil before crabgrass germination starts.&nbsp; Even better, base timing on the bloom of ornamental plants. The Eastern Redbud tree is a good choice for this purpose. When the trees in your area approach full bloom, apply crabgrass preventer. A follow-up application will be needed about eight weeks later unless you are using Dimension or Barricade.&nbsp;Dimension and Barricade are the only two products that give season-long control of crabgrass from a single application. In fact, they can be applied earlier than April 15 and still have sufficient residual strength to last the season. Barricade can even be applied in late fall for crabgrass control the next season.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dimension can be applied as early as March 1. Because of the added flexibility in timing, these products are favorites of lawn care companies who have many customers to service in the spring. Though Dimension is usually not applied as early as Barricade, it is the herbicide of choice if it must be applied later than recommended. It is the exception to the rule that preemergence herbicides do not kill existing weeds. Dimension can kill crabgrass as long as it is young (two- to three-leaf stage). Dimension is also the best choice if treating a lawn that was planted late last fall. Normally, a preemergence herbicide is not recommended unless the lawn has been mowed two to four times. But Dimension is kind to young tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass seedlings and some formulations can be applied as early as two weeks after the first sign of germination. However, read the label of the specific product you wish to use to ensure that this use is allowed. Lawns established in the fall can be safely treated with Dimension the following spring even if they have not been mowed.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Crabgrass preventers kill young plants, not seeds

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, Becky Kiser, news reporter, talks with Tamara Robertson, the 4-H Youth Development agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.

Upcoming 4-H events and activities include World Water Day, Super Fantastic Judging Day, and day camps for home-schooled 4-H members.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650389030295.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: 4-H members prepare for Super Fantastic Judging Day" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=gizcf-1a6a6e4-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, Becky Kiser, news reporter, talks with Tamara Robertson, the 4-H Youth Development agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. Upcoming 4-H events and activities include World Water Day, Super Fantastic Judging Day, and day camps for home-schooled 4-H members.

🎙 Post Podcast: 4-H members prepare for Super Fantastic Judging Day 

As in 2025, degree-day accumulations for Kansas alfalfa weevils are well ahead of normal across the entire state (Table 1). As air temperatures continue to increase, it is recommended that scouting for weevil activity should be occurring right now in all regions of the state. There are confirmed reports of weevil activity and evident pin-holing in south central Kansas and along the Oklahoma border.

Table 1. Alfalfa weevil degree days as of March 2, 2026. Kansas Mesonet. <a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">http://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a>

Alfalfa weevil degree days are a great way to estimate what might be going on in the field and serve as a useful tool to know when to time scouting. Alfalfa weevil eggs begin hatching after 300 degree days have accumulated (Table 2). 

Since we cannot determine if eggs present were laid the previous fall or the current spring, in Kansas, scouting should start after 180 degree days have accumulated since January 1.

Table 2. Approximate degree days required for alfalfa weevil development.

Be aware of insecticide resistance

While warmer spring temperatures allow for faster alfalfa weevil development, be aware that dramatic temperature drops can slow down alfalfa growth, making the plants unable to keep up with feeding damage. Treatment may be warranted in shorter fields between 3 and 7 inches tall when feeding is evident on the top inch of growth, and 1 to 2 larvae are present.

 If a field is treated, it is important to verify that the expected amount of control was achieved. In 2020, populations of alfalfa weevil resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II, Karate, Demand, etc.) were verified in northwest and southwest Kansas and Oklahoma. While this resistance has not appeared to become a widespread problem for Kansas producers, a couple of fields reported in central Kansas last year where lambda-cyhalothrin had reduced efficacy. Oklahoma continues to have resistance statewide. 

Numerous products are available for alfalfa weevil control in Kansas for reference refer to our on-line “Alfalfa Insect Pest Management Guide”. When making management decisions, it is important to rotate modes of action, as this is an effective way to prevent the development of resistance.

For the most up-to-date alfalfa weevil degree day accumulations, visit the Kansas Mesonet Alfalfa Weevil Degree Day Calculator (<a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a>).

Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomology,&nbsp; Garden City.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/4/1714237565142.jpeg" alt="&nbsp;Alfalfa weevil. Photo courtesy K-State Department of Entomology" />
 <figcaption>&nbsp;Alfalfa weevil. Photo courtesy K-State Department of Entomology</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs in 2025, degree-day accumulations for Kansas alfalfa weevils are well ahead of normal across the entire state (Table 1). As air temperatures continue to increase, it is recommended that scouting for weevil activity should be occurring right now in all regions of the state. There are confirmed reports of weevil activity and evident pin-holing in south central Kansas and along the Oklahoma border.Table 1. Alfalfa weevil degree days as of March 2, 2026. Kansas Mesonet. <a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">http://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/3/1773158352428.png" alt="Kansas Mesonet" />
 <figcaption>Kansas Mesonet</figcaption>
 </figure>Alfalfa weevil degree days are a great way to estimate what might be going on in the field and serve as a useful tool to know when to time scouting. Alfalfa weevil eggs begin hatching after 300 degree days have accumulated (Table 2). Since we cannot determine if eggs present were laid the previous fall or the current spring, in Kansas, scouting should start after 180 degree days have accumulated since January 1.Table 2. Approximate degree days required for alfalfa weevil development.Be aware of insecticide resistanceWhile warmer spring temperatures allow for faster alfalfa weevil development, be aware that dramatic temperature drops can slow down alfalfa growth, making the plants unable to keep up with feeding damage. Treatment may be warranted in shorter fields between 3 and 7 inches tall when feeding is evident on the top inch of growth, and 1 to 2 larvae are present. If a field is treated, it is important to verify that the expected amount of control was achieved. In 2020, populations of alfalfa weevil resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior II, Karate, Demand, etc.) were verified in northwest and southwest Kansas and Oklahoma. While this resistance has not appeared to become a widespread problem for Kansas producers, a couple of fields reported in central Kansas last year where lambda-cyhalothrin had reduced efficacy. Oklahoma continues to have resistance statewide. Numerous products are available for alfalfa weevil control in Kansas for reference refer to our on-line “Alfalfa Insect Pest Management Guide”. When making management decisions, it is important to rotate modes of action, as this is an effective way to prevent the development of resistance.For the most up-to-date alfalfa weevil degree day accumulations, visit the Kansas Mesonet Alfalfa Weevil Degree Day Calculator (<a href="https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/">https://mesonet.k-state.edu/agriculture/degreedays/</a>).Information provided by Anthony Zukoff, Extension Entomology,&nbsp; Garden City. Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Alfalfa weevils now active in Kansas

The Babysitting Clinic Curriculum is designed to help middle school and teenaged youth (10-18 yrs.) learn what it takes to be a responsible, caring, trustworthy, competent, capable, and safe babysitter for infants through school age children.

The participants will learn the basic information on how to be a competent, responsible, and caring babysitter. They will also develop “life skills” such as caring for and managing resources, decision-making, and communication. Each activity notes at least one life skill and uses the experiential learning or “hands-on learning to reinforce it.” 

Based on the discussions your teens have during the class, you may find they are learning other skills. That is great! The more skills they use and practice, the better.

Teens learn about the ages and stages of child growth and development, safety, food and nutrition, how to handle emergencies, appropriate activities to implement with children, and the business of babysitting.

We also partner with Ellis County EMS to provide CPR and First Aid training. The participants will be certified in CPR and First Aid upon completion of the class. Participants will also receive an information notebook, activity bag, and first aid kits.

Location: Cottonwood Extension District, 601 Main St. Hays, KS

The cost is $50 for babysitting supplies, meal, and CPR/First Aid Certification. You can register online at: <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6Lij5HiDjR4Q0dM">https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6Lij5HiDjR4Q0dM</a>

Class size is limited to 15. The deadline to register is March 12, 2026. Please call the office if you have any questions.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/3/1772550856725.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Babysitting Clinic Curriculum is designed to help middle school and teenaged youth (10-18 yrs.) learn what it takes to be a responsible, caring, trustworthy, competent, capable, and safe babysitter for infants through school age children.The participants will learn the basic information on how to be a competent, responsible, and caring babysitter. They will also develop “life skills” such as caring for and managing resources, decision-making, and communication. Each activity notes at least one life skill and uses the experiential learning or “hands-on learning to reinforce it.” Based on the discussions your teens have during the class, you may find they are learning other skills. That is great! The more skills they use and practice, the better.Teens learn about the ages and stages of child growth and development, safety, food and nutrition, how to handle emergencies, appropriate activities to implement with children, and the business of babysitting.We also partner with Ellis County EMS to provide CPR and First Aid training. The participants will be certified in CPR and First Aid upon completion of the class. Participants will also receive an information notebook, activity bag, and first aid kits.Date: Monday, March 16, 2026Location: Cottonwood Extension District, 601 Main St. Hays, KSTime: Check-in 8:45 a.m - 4 p.m.The cost is $50 for babysitting supplies, meal, and CPR/First Aid Certification. You can register online at: <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6Lij5HiDjR4Q0dM">https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6Lij5HiDjR4Q0dM</a>Class size is limited to 15. The deadline to register is March 12, 2026. Please call the office if you have any questions.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Prepare for role of babysitter at Cottonwood Extension clinic

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

For the purpose of this column, a weed is defined as a plant growing somewhere it is not wanted. For many gardeners, weeds are the downfall. Weeds create competition for nutrients and water. They can also restrict growth of desired plants by competing for space. The frustration with weeds leads some gardeners to turn to chemicals or give up on a garden plot altogether. Understanding weeds may be helpful in your gardening efforts. Just like our garden plants, weeds can be annuals, perennials or biennials.

Annual weeds, including henbit and spurge, germinate each year and complete their life cycle in one growing season. Perennial weeds such as, clover and bindweed, live at least two years and often reproduce by seed with the help of wind, water, animals and other means of dispersal.

We all know a child, or perhaps you were the child, who loves blowing dandelion heads and making wishes as the wind disperses the seeds. Perennial weeds can sometimes spread by cuttings of roots or other vegetative plant parts as well. This capability can make managing these weeds a challenge. 

Preventing weeds is the best management strategy. This includes using practices such as keeping the soil covered with a cover crop or mulch to prevent germination. Using drip irrigation to direct water to the desired plants rather than watering the entire garden area can also prevent weeds from germinating.

 Other prevention strategies include minimizing tillage. Deep tilling the garden damages the soil structure and brings weed seeds to the surface where conditions for germination are right. Occultation is the use of black tarps over the ground to kill weeds with the help of the sun. Depending on the persistence of the weeds this can take a couple weeks to months for successful eradication.

Weeds that have already established in a garden are often most effectively and safely removed by hand pulling. Though there are a couple of herbicides home gardeners can use there are consequences of using this method, including risk of damaging vegetable crops due to overspray.

Cultivating the top one to two inches of soil can remove annual and young perennial weeds. If done on a regular basis this can effectively control their growth. It is beneficial to knock out weeds before they are able to develop seeds to prevent reproduction.

A single dandelion seed head has been reported to produce 150 to 200 seeds. (Something to remember next time you see the neighborhood child gathering stems in their yard!) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) includes controlling weeds in the landscape. Using a variety of practices listed above will give the most effective management.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictFor the purpose of this column, a weed is defined as a plant growing somewhere it is not wanted. For many gardeners, weeds are the downfall. Weeds create competition for nutrients and water. They can also restrict growth of desired plants by competing for space. The frustration with weeds leads some gardeners to turn to chemicals or give up on a garden plot altogether. Understanding weeds may be helpful in your gardening efforts. Just like our garden plants, weeds can be annuals, perennials or biennials.Annual weeds, including henbit and spurge, germinate each year and complete their life cycle in one growing season. Perennial weeds such as, clover and bindweed, live at least two years and often reproduce by seed with the help of wind, water, animals and other means of dispersal.We all know a child, or perhaps you were the child, who loves blowing dandelion heads and making wishes as the wind disperses the seeds. Perennial weeds can sometimes spread by cuttings of roots or other vegetative plant parts as well. This capability can make managing these weeds a challenge. Preventing weeds is the best management strategy. This includes using practices such as keeping the soil covered with a cover crop or mulch to prevent germination. Using drip irrigation to direct water to the desired plants rather than watering the entire garden area can also prevent weeds from germinating. Other prevention strategies include minimizing tillage. Deep tilling the garden damages the soil structure and brings weed seeds to the surface where conditions for germination are right. Occultation is the use of black tarps over the ground to kill weeds with the help of the sun. Depending on the persistence of the weeds this can take a couple weeks to months for successful eradication.Weeds that have already established in a garden are often most effectively and safely removed by hand pulling. Though there are a couple of herbicides home gardeners can use there are consequences of using this method, including risk of damaging vegetable crops due to overspray.Cultivating the top one to two inches of soil can remove annual and young perennial weeds. If done on a regular basis this can effectively control their growth. It is beneficial to knock out weeds before they are able to develop seeds to prevent reproduction.A single dandelion seed head has been reported to produce 150 to 200 seeds. (Something to remember next time you see the neighborhood child gathering stems in their yard!) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) includes controlling weeds in the landscape. Using a variety of practices listed above will give the most effective management.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

BOOR: Weeds; ready or not, here they come

By JAY HARRIS Cottonwood Extension District Director

In a recent presentation to county commissioners, I included a slide that asked a simple but important question: “Why do we need K-State Extension when we have Google?”

It’s a fair question. Today, anyone can search for information in seconds. Answers are immediate. Advice is everywhere. Videos, blogs, podcasts, social media posts; the volume of information available is overwhelming. So where does K-State Extension fit?

The answer is this: Google gives you information. K-State Extension gives you application, context, and trust.

Search engines can provide thousands of answers. But they can’t tell you which recommendation fits western Kansas soil conditions. They can’t evaluate your pasture, your business plan, your parenting challenge, or your local regulation. They don’t know your community, your climate, or your constraints. K-State Extension does.

As part of Kansas State University, K-State Extension translates university research into practical, local solutions. Our agents live and work in the communities they serve. We understand the realities of agriculture, small business development, youth programming, and family life in central and western Kansas.

When a producer has a forage question, we don’t offer a generic answer; we interpret research in the context of local rainfall patterns, soil types, and market conditions. When a parent needs guidance, we rely on evidence-based programs, not internet opinion. When an entrepreneur wants to start a food business, we connect them with research-backed resources, regulatory guidance, and experienced professionals. K-State Extension is not just about answers. It’s about trusted relationships.

Our staff build long-term partnerships with schools, producers, community leaders, and families. We serve on advisory councils, collaborate with local organizations, and respond when emerging issues affect our counties. That level of engagement cannot be replicated by an algorithm.

Another key difference is accountability. The information we provide is grounded in university research. It is reviewed, evidence-based, and designed to improve outcomes; whether in agriculture, health, youth development, or community vitality. In an age of misinformation, that matters.

Google may provide speed. K-State Extension provides confidence.

Google may give you options. K-State Extension helps you make decisions.

Google can search the world. K-State Extension serves your county.

As district director for the Cottonwood Extension District, I am proud of the work our agents, program assistants, community health worker and office professionals do every day to bring reliable, research-based education directly to the people of our communities. 

Our goal is not to compete with search engines; it is to ensure that when our residents need answers that truly fit their situation, they have a trusted local resource.

Jay Harris is the District Director of the Cottonwood Extension District comprised of Ellis and Barton counties.&nbsp;He may be reached at jayharris@ksu.edu or the Hays office at&nbsp;785-628-9430 or the Great Bend office at&nbsp;620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/3/1710532154009.png" alt="Jay Harris&nbsp;s the District Director of the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Jay Harris&nbsp;s the District Director of the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By JAY HARRIS Cottonwood Extension District DirectorIn a recent presentation to county commissioners, I included a slide that asked a simple but important question: “Why do we need K-State Extension when we have Google?”It’s a fair question. Today, anyone can search for information in seconds. Answers are immediate. Advice is everywhere. Videos, blogs, podcasts, social media posts; the volume of information available is overwhelming. So where does K-State Extension fit?The answer is this: Google gives you information. K-State Extension gives you application, context, and trust.Search engines can provide thousands of answers. But they can’t tell you which recommendation fits western Kansas soil conditions. They can’t evaluate your pasture, your business plan, your parenting challenge, or your local regulation. They don’t know your community, your climate, or your constraints. K-State Extension does.As part of Kansas State University, K-State Extension translates university research into practical, local solutions. Our agents live and work in the communities they serve. We understand the realities of agriculture, small business development, youth programming, and family life in central and western Kansas.When a producer has a forage question, we don’t offer a generic answer; we interpret research in the context of local rainfall patterns, soil types, and market conditions. When a parent needs guidance, we rely on evidence-based programs, not internet opinion. When an entrepreneur wants to start a food business, we connect them with research-backed resources, regulatory guidance, and experienced professionals. K-State Extension is not just about answers. It’s about trusted relationships.Our staff build long-term partnerships with schools, producers, community leaders, and families. We serve on advisory councils, collaborate with local organizations, and respond when emerging issues affect our counties. That level of engagement cannot be replicated by an algorithm.Another key difference is accountability. The information we provide is grounded in university research. It is reviewed, evidence-based, and designed to improve outcomes; whether in agriculture, health, youth development, or community vitality. In an age of misinformation, that matters.Google may provide speed. K-State Extension provides confidence.Google may give you options. K-State Extension helps you make decisions.Google can search the world. K-State Extension serves your county.As district director for the Cottonwood Extension District, I am proud of the work our agents, program assistants, community health worker and office professionals do every day to bring reliable, research-based education directly to the people of our communities. Our goal is not to compete with search engines; it is to ensure that when our residents need answers that truly fit their situation, they have a trusted local resource.That is the value of K-State Extension.And that is why we are here.Jay Harris is the District Director of the Cottonwood Extension District comprised of Ellis and Barton counties.&nbsp;He may be reached at jayharris@ksu.edu or the Hays office at&nbsp;785-628-9430 or the Great Bend office at&nbsp;620-793-1910.

HARRIS: Why do we need K-State Extension when we have Google?

While the weather can’t quite make up it’s mind about winter or spring, I’m excited about an annual program that is kicking off in a few weeks. 

Walk Kansas is an 8-week initiative designed to help participants build healthier habits through physical activity, nutrition, and overall wellness.

The program runs March 22 through May 16 and registration opens on March 1 for individuals and teams. Ideal team size is 4 and it can be a fun internal competition for offices to have several teams.

Participants track minutes of activity or steps through the program’s online portal. The system automatically converts activity to miles by counting each 15 minutes of activity as one mile or each 2,000 steps as one mile.

Walk Kansas is built on the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. Moderate activity is described as working at a pace where a person can carry on a conversation, but not sing.

“It’s not just a leisurely stroll,” Sharolyn Jackson, Walk Kansas state leader of K-State Extension, said. “It’s picking up the pace a bit to get the heart rate going.”

The program also encourages participants to incorporate strengthening activities at least two days per week, such as resistance bands, light weights or body-weight exercises.

Participants can also track their fruit and vegetable intake which can lead to the realization that we are eating fewer servings than we think.

Each week, Walk Kansas Wednesdays will be featured on the Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page and will include top placing teams across the District as well as features from the Walk Kansas newsletters. Theses posts will include tips for increasing activity, managing stress, and improving sleep. Be on the lookout for some fun ways to interact!

A standard registration fee of $10 covers access to the online tracking system and program materials. Youth through high school may participate at no cost. More information is available at <a href="https://walkkansas.org/">walkkansas.org</a> or by calling one of our Cottonwood Extension District offices.

Gather up a group of friends, family, or co-workers and lace up your shoes to Walk Kansas!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1772220113607.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictWhile the weather can’t quite make up it’s mind about winter or spring, I’m excited about an annual program that is kicking off in a few weeks. Walk Kansas is an 8-week initiative designed to help participants build healthier habits through physical activity, nutrition, and overall wellness.The program runs March 22 through May 16 and registration opens on March 1 for individuals and teams. Ideal team size is 4 and it can be a fun internal competition for offices to have several teams.Participants track minutes of activity or steps through the program’s online portal. The system automatically converts activity to miles by counting each 15 minutes of activity as one mile or each 2,000 steps as one mile.Walk Kansas is built on the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. Moderate activity is described as working at a pace where a person can carry on a conversation, but not sing.“It’s not just a leisurely stroll,” Sharolyn Jackson, Walk Kansas state leader of K-State Extension, said. “It’s picking up the pace a bit to get the heart rate going.”The program also encourages participants to incorporate strengthening activities at least two days per week, such as resistance bands, light weights or body-weight exercises.Participants can also track their fruit and vegetable intake which can lead to the realization that we are eating fewer servings than we think.Each week, Walk Kansas Wednesdays will be featured on the Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page and will include top placing teams across the District as well as features from the Walk Kansas newsletters. Theses posts will include tips for increasing activity, managing stress, and improving sleep. Be on the lookout for some fun ways to interact!A standard registration fee of $10 covers access to the online tracking system and program materials. Youth through high school may participate at no cost. More information is available at <a href="https://walkkansas.org/">walkkansas.org</a> or by calling one of our Cottonwood Extension District offices.Gather up a group of friends, family, or co-workers and lace up your shoes to Walk Kansas!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Walk Kansas kicks off March 22; register now

By&nbsp;TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension District

The Ellis County 4-H Food Challenge held on Sunday, February 15, gave 41 local youth a chance to showcase their culinary skills, creativity, and teamwork in a fast-paced cooking contest. Given just an hour to prepare and present a dish using predetermined ingredients, participants demonstrated their knowledge of food preparation, nutrition, and food safety.

Teams of three to four members competed in beginner, junior, and senior divisions. Each team developed a recipe, prepared a dish, and presented it to a panel of judges, explaining preparation steps, nutritional facts, and food safety practices.

Each team received a tray with “key” ingredients specific to their division, which had to be incorporated into the final dish. Additionally, the teams had access to a “pantry” stocked with common household staples like produce, dry goods, spices, oils, and sauces to enhance their creations. 

Beginners worked with quinoa, yogurt, and grapefruit, all while being restricted from using sharp utensils. Juniors received brown rice, beans, red pepper, and arugula to work with. Seniors, who had access to hot plates, were given lentils, eggs, mushrooms, and feta cheese as their key ingredients.

Beyond cooking, the 4-H Food Challenge helped participants strengthen their communication and leadership skills. Each team had to collaborate to divide responsibilities efficiently, articulate their process clearly, and confidently present their dish to the judges. Explaining ingredient choices, nutritional benefits, and food safety measures required participants to practice public speaking, active listening, and teamwork under pressure. By working together to answer judges’ questions, members learned how to support one another and present information in an engaging and professional manner, valuable skills that extend beyond the kitchen.

Champion teams were recognized in each division for their creativity, teamwork, and culinary skills by receiving engraved wooden spatulas. Beginner Champion honors went to the Buckeye Junior Farmers team of Melanie Kruse, Karson Lang, and Emery Knight. The Junior Champion team was also from the Buckeye Junior Farmers, with members Emma Wichert, Jessa Fuertges, and Sutton Seib. The Senior Division Champions went to the Gemini Juniors team of Sophia Mills, Serena Ross, Emily Ross, and Janae Ross.

The 4-H Food Challenge is a fun and educational experience, helping youth build confidence while developing teamwork, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of healthy living, food safety, and nutrition. Events like this highlight the importance of experiential learning and community support in preparing young people for future success.

Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with Kansas State Extension, in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Tamara at tarobertson@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Ellis County Office at 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1771516042211.jpeg" alt="Winners in the senior division. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Winners in the senior division. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By&nbsp;TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Ellis County 4-H Food Challenge held on Sunday, February 15, gave 41 local youth a chance to showcase their culinary skills, creativity, and teamwork in a fast-paced cooking contest. Given just an hour to prepare and present a dish using predetermined ingredients, participants demonstrated their knowledge of food preparation, nutrition, and food safety.Teams of three to four members competed in beginner, junior, and senior divisions. Each team developed a recipe, prepared a dish, and presented it to a panel of judges, explaining preparation steps, nutritional facts, and food safety practices.Each team received a tray with “key” ingredients specific to their division, which had to be incorporated into the final dish. Additionally, the teams had access to a “pantry” stocked with common household staples like produce, dry goods, spices, oils, and sauces to enhance their creations. Beginners worked with quinoa, yogurt, and grapefruit, all while being restricted from using sharp utensils. Juniors received brown rice, beans, red pepper, and arugula to work with. Seniors, who had access to hot plates, were given lentils, eggs, mushrooms, and feta cheese as their key ingredients.Beyond cooking, the 4-H Food Challenge helped participants strengthen their communication and leadership skills. Each team had to collaborate to divide responsibilities efficiently, articulate their process clearly, and confidently present their dish to the judges. Explaining ingredient choices, nutritional benefits, and food safety measures required participants to practice public speaking, active listening, and teamwork under pressure. By working together to answer judges’ questions, members learned how to support one another and present information in an engaging and professional manner, valuable skills that extend beyond the kitchen.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1771516071807.jpeg" alt="Winners in the junior division. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Winners in the junior division. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1771516082320.jpeg" alt="Winners in the beginner division. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Winners in the beginner division. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Champion teams were recognized in each division for their creativity, teamwork, and culinary skills by receiving engraved wooden spatulas. Beginner Champion honors went to the Buckeye Junior Farmers team of Melanie Kruse, Karson Lang, and Emery Knight. The Junior Champion team was also from the Buckeye Junior Farmers, with members Emma Wichert, Jessa Fuertges, and Sutton Seib. The Senior Division Champions went to the Gemini Juniors team of Sophia Mills, Serena Ross, Emily Ross, and Janae Ross.The 4-H Food Challenge is a fun and educational experience, helping youth build confidence while developing teamwork, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of healthy living, food safety, and nutrition. Events like this highlight the importance of experiential learning and community support in preparing young people for future success.Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with Kansas State Extension, in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Tamara at tarobertson@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Ellis County Office at 785-628-9430.

ROBERTSON: Ellis County 4-H Food Challenge goes beyond cooking

Dr. Cassandra Olds, professor of entomology at Kansas State University, is presenting a program on insect control for livestock in March. 

The program will be held at the Barton County Extension office at 3007 10th Street, Great Bend, on Thursday, March 12. The program will start at 9 a.m. with doughnuts and run about an hour.

Dr. Olds is an expert in control of common livestock pests including flies, and ticks among others.

Topics covered during the program include:

1. Determining which flies your livestock have a problem with

2.       Why flies develop resistance to insecticides

3.       What can you do to slow the spread of resistance within fly populations

4.       Developing an integrated pest management program

An RSVP is appreciated, but not necessary for the refreshments. Please email or call Alicia Boor at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or 785-628-9430 to RSVP.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictDr. Cassandra Olds, professor of entomology at Kansas State University, is presenting a program on insect control for livestock in March. The program will be held at the Barton County Extension office at 3007 10th Street, Great Bend, on Thursday, March 12. The program will start at 9 a.m. with doughnuts and run about an hour.Dr. Olds is an expert in control of common livestock pests including flies, and ticks among others.Topics covered during the program include: 1. Determining which flies your livestock have a problem with2. Why flies develop resistance to insecticides3. What can you do to slow the spread of resistance within fly populations4. Developing an integrated pest management programAn RSVP is appreciated, but not necessary for the refreshments. Please email or call Alicia Boor at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or 785-628-9430 to RSVP. We hope to see you there.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Program on insect control for livestock coming up in March

Winter canola possesses many of the same benefits as other common cover crop Brassica species, including an aggressive taproot, nutrient cycling, and overwintering biomass. The potential exists to increase the use of winter canola as a cover crop Brassica across the U.S. and to improve the plant traits that make it a capable cover crop, utilizing the germplasm pool under selection at K-State.

The K-State canola breeding program serves as a co-principal investigator on a National Cover Crop Variety Improvement and Seed Production Program, funded a USDA Sustainable Agricultural Systems grant, and led by the University of Missouri Center for Regenerative Agriculture. This nationally coordinated effort will catalyze more rapid and effective progress in meeting demand for regionally adapted, high-quality cover crop seed of five different cover crop species.

The MU Center for Regenerative Agriculture invites farmers from across the U.S. to complete a short online survey to better understand the types of traits and characteristics that producers’ value most in their cover crops. The results of the survey will directly inform future cover crop breeding and variety testing research, as well as outreach efforts, to help meet the needs of farmers across the country.

The survey will take approximately 5 to 15 minutes and is completely voluntary. All types of producers are encouraged to participate, including both those with and without cover crop experience. Survey findings will be shared through presentations, publications in peer-reviewed literature, and farm media outlets. 

If you have any questions, please contact Etienne Sutton at etiennesutton@missouri.edu.

Follow this link to complete the survey: <a href="https://missouri.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8oJnvCLDdrNHiKi">https://missouri.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8oJnvCLDdrNHiKi </a>

Article provided by Mike Stamm, KSU Canola Breeder, mjstamm@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1771949173989.jpeg" alt="Canola established under conventional tillage in narrow rows in south central Kansas. Photo by Mike Stamm/ K-State Research and Extension." />
 <figcaption>Canola established under conventional tillage in narrow rows in south central Kansas. Photo by Mike Stamm/ K-State Research and Extension.</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictWinter canola possesses many of the same benefits as other common cover crop Brassica species, including an aggressive taproot, nutrient cycling, and overwintering biomass. The potential exists to increase the use of winter canola as a cover crop Brassica across the U.S. and to improve the plant traits that make it a capable cover crop, utilizing the germplasm pool under selection at K-State.The K-State canola breeding program serves as a co-principal investigator on a National Cover Crop Variety Improvement and Seed Production Program, funded a USDA Sustainable Agricultural Systems grant, and led by the University of Missouri Center for Regenerative Agriculture. This nationally coordinated effort will catalyze more rapid and effective progress in meeting demand for regionally adapted, high-quality cover crop seed of five different cover crop species.Take Our SurveyThe MU Center for Regenerative Agriculture invites farmers from across the U.S. to complete a short online survey to better understand the types of traits and characteristics that producers’ value most in their cover crops. The results of the survey will directly inform future cover crop breeding and variety testing research, as well as outreach efforts, to help meet the needs of farmers across the country.The survey will take approximately 5 to 15 minutes and is completely voluntary. All types of producers are encouraged to participate, including both those with and without cover crop experience. Survey findings will be shared through presentations, publications in peer-reviewed literature, and farm media outlets. If you have any questions, please contact Etienne Sutton at etiennesutton@missouri.edu.Follow this link to complete the survey: <a href="https://missouri.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8oJnvCLDdrNHiKi">https://missouri.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_8oJnvCLDdrNHiKi </a>Article provided by Mike Stamm, KSU Canola Breeder, mjstamm@ksu.edu.

CAMPBELL: Building better cover crops: K-State joins national effort

The last two K-State Extension Crop Talk webinars will be held each Tuesday at 12 noon to 1 p.m. on March 3 and 10.

You register for them only once, and then you will receive an email with the zoom and YouTube link. If you happen to miss it, you can go back and listen to the recording and view the presenters' slides as well.

These Crop Talk webinars are for growers in northcentral and northwest areas and counties of Kansas and are brought to you by the Extension agents of those areas.

On March 3, Rodrigo Onofre, Extension row crop pathologist, will discuss "Fungicide Applications in Corn and Sorghum." The last crop talk webinar will be March 10 with Anthony Zukoff, Extension entomologist, highlighting "Insects to Watch for in the Field this Growing Season."

To register do an internet search for KSU Crop Talk webinar and the <a href="https://www.wkrec.org/events/croptalk/">link</a> should pull up. Once you have registered, you will receive an email with the zoom and YouTube link to join us each Tuesday at 12 noon to 1 pm. on March 3 and 10.

If you have questions contact Stacy Campbell, at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/2/1772131495101.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe last two K-State Extension Crop Talk webinars will be held each Tuesday at 12 noon to 1 p.m. on March 3 and 10.You register for them only once, and then you will receive an email with the zoom and YouTube link. If you happen to miss it, you can go back and listen to the recording and view the presenters' slides as well.These Crop Talk webinars are for growers in northcentral and northwest areas and counties of Kansas and are brought to you by the Extension agents of those areas.On March 3, Rodrigo Onofre, Extension row crop pathologist, will discuss "Fungicide Applications in Corn and Sorghum." The last crop talk webinar will be March 10 with Anthony Zukoff, Extension entomologist, highlighting "Insects to Watch for in the Field this Growing Season."To register do an internet search for KSU Crop Talk webinar and the <a href="https://www.wkrec.org/events/croptalk/">link</a> should pull up. Once you have registered, you will receive an email with the zoom and YouTube link to join us each Tuesday at 12 noon to 1 pm. on March 3 and 10.If you have questions contact Stacy Campbell, at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.