By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

One of my favorite parts of 4-H Project Records is the financial section. That might seem a bit odd but it helps 4-H members begin to understand that there are real costs associated with most activities.

For a beef project, those costs include the cost of the animal, the cost of feed and veterinary visits, as well as equipment and tack needed to show. Even if the animal or feed is a gift, there is a cost associated with it!

For a photography project, costs can include a camera, printing costs, and attending a photography class or workshop.

For other activities, do you help your child understand the cost of participation? This could be dance, summer rec sports, traveling teams, or theatre productions. Add in potential costs of travel, hotel rooms, livestock show entry fees, and equipment, and it can add up fast.

I know of several 4-H youth who are responsible for farm chores or have other jobs to help earn an animal or feed for their project or to help fund other camps and activities that are important to them.

Like it or not, we all have to make family budget decisions on activities to see what works and it is hard to say no or to limit to one or two activities each year.

Yes, there are immeasurable benefits such as learning skills, taking on challenges, growing in confidence and leadership, and that can help lead to scholarships and networking. However, there is a balance needed that can be hard to navigate.

Do we want to protect our kids from the hard discussions? Sure, but having smaller discussions now can help when it comes to discussing bigger issues such as purchasing a car or paying for an education.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran, Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictOne of my favorite parts of 4-H Project Records is the financial section. That might seem a bit odd but it helps 4-H members begin to understand that there are real costs associated with most activities.For a beef project, those costs include the cost of the animal, the cost of feed and veterinary visits, as well as equipment and tack needed to show. Even if the animal or feed is a gift, there is a cost associated with it!For a photography project, costs can include a camera, printing costs, and attending a photography class or workshop.For other activities, do you help your child understand the cost of participation? This could be dance, summer rec sports, traveling teams, or theatre productions. Add in potential costs of travel, hotel rooms, livestock show entry fees, and equipment, and it can add up fast.I know of several 4-H youth who are responsible for farm chores or have other jobs to help earn an animal or feed for their project or to help fund other camps and activities that are important to them.Like it or not, we all have to make family budget decisions on activities to see what works and it is hard to say no or to limit to one or two activities each year.Yes, there are immeasurable benefits such as learning skills, taking on challenges, growing in confidence and leadership, and that can help lead to scholarships and networking. However, there is a balance needed that can be hard to navigate.Do we want to protect our kids from the hard discussions? Sure, but having smaller discussions now can help when it comes to discussing bigger issues such as purchasing a car or paying for an education.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Financial recordkeeping for kids

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension

This article is the fourth and final one in a multi-week series on wheat streak mosaic complex management. This week, we discuss variety selection as part of an integrated management program for wheat streak mosaic.

Wheat streak mosaic complex devastated many wheat fields across central and western Kansas in 2025 and problematic again in 2026. As a reminder, wheat streak mosaic is a complex of three viruses: wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. 

The wheat streak mosaic complex of viruses is vectored by the tiny wheat curl mite. The highest risk place for curl mites to survive the summer is volunteer wheat. Conditions that favor grain shattering, such as preharvest hail or harvest delays due to windy storms (as in much of the 2026 Kansas wheat harvest), can increase the presence of pre-harvest volunteer wheat. If mites are allowed to survive on this volunteer wheat or alternative hosts until the fall established wheat crop is planted, there is a high likelihood of another outbreak in 2027.

Management with Genetic Resistance: Another Tool in the Toolbox

 In addition to controlling volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is an important component of a good integrated pest management strategy for controlling the wheat streak mosaic complex. 

It’s important to note that while some varieties provide partial protection against the wheat streak complex, there is no silver bullet variety that will work in all scenarios. All commercial varieties will be symptomatic under some conditions, but the degree of yield loss to the virus complex will vary between varieties.

As a reminder, yield loss to wheat streak complex is highly influenced by timing of infection, composition of viruses, and variety choice.

We know that fall infections and infections that occur in earlier stages of wheat development (prior to jointing) can result in the highest levels of yield loss. Infections that occur after the flag leaf and booting growth stages generally result in lower levels of yield loss. It should be noted that infections can occur in the fall and remain “dormant” in the plants until the weather warms in the spring. This is why we can sometimes see symptoms come on suddenly when the weather warms in the spring.

In addition to the timing of infection, the composition of viruses in a given field can impact final yield losses. Infections with more than one virus (e.g., WSMV + TriMV) can result in synergistic yield losses. It was common to see infections with two or more viruses in Kansas in 2025.

When we think about variety resistance in the context of wheat streak mosaic complex, there are two main types: resistance to the virus and resistance to the mite.

Regarding resistance to the virus, several genes have been described —&nbsp; wsm1, wsm2, and wsm3. 

The gene wsm2 is most widely available in Kansas varieties, including KS Territory (red), KS Mako (red), KS Bill Snyder (red), KS Dallas (red), KS Hamilton (red), Guardian (red), Oakley CL (red), Joe (white), and KS Big Bow (white). This resistance gene can help with severe wheat streak mosaic virus infections, but has key limitations. For example:

In addition, there are a handful of varieties with resistance to the wheat curl mite (cmc4), including Guardian, Canvas, TAM 112, Byrd, Avery, Langin, Kivari AX, KS Western Star, Whistler, Crescent AX, Incline AX, Fortify SF, TAM 115, TAM 204, and T158. 

These varieties remain susceptible to viral diseases, but they generally slow the development of the mite populations in the fall. This resistance can help reduce the risk of severe disease, but will not provide enough protection if wheat is planted in close proximity to volunteer wheat or other hosts infested with large populations of the curl mites and virus.

Central vs. Western Kansas: Location Matters

Unfortunately, many of these varieties are adapted to Western Kansas and may not be the best options for production systems in the central corridor. Some central Kansas-adapted varieties, including Rockstar, AP Prolific, SY Wolverine, LCS Photon AX, LCS Helix AX, and LCS Julep, tolerate WSMV infection better than others. 

It should be noted that, for all the reasons mentioned above, these varieties will still appear symptomatic under high disease pressure. KS Mako is a new release from the K-State Manhattan breeding program, adapted for the central corridor of the state and carrying the wsm2 gene. These varieties will still show symptoms of WSMV but may yield better than other varieties that are more susceptible.

More information on variety selection can be found here: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2025_MF991">MF991 Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdf. </a>A newer version of this publication will be released in the coming weeks.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753886398730.png" alt="Wheat streak mosaic in Russell in 2025.&nbsp; Photo by Kelsey Andersen Onofre/KState Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Wheat streak mosaic in Russell in 2025.&nbsp; Photo by Kelsey Andersen Onofre/KState Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood ExtensionThis article is the fourth and final one in a multi-week series on wheat streak mosaic complex management. This week, we discuss variety selection as part of an integrated management program for wheat streak mosaic.OverviewWheat streak mosaic complex devastated many wheat fields across central and western Kansas in 2025 and problematic again in 2026. As a reminder, wheat streak mosaic is a complex of three viruses: wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. The wheat streak mosaic complex of viruses is vectored by the tiny wheat curl mite. The highest risk place for curl mites to survive the summer is volunteer wheat. Conditions that favor grain shattering, such as preharvest hail or harvest delays due to windy storms (as in much of the 2026 Kansas wheat harvest), can increase the presence of pre-harvest volunteer wheat. If mites are allowed to survive on this volunteer wheat or alternative hosts until the fall established wheat crop is planted, there is a high likelihood of another outbreak in 2027.Management with Genetic Resistance: Another Tool in the Toolbox In addition to controlling volunteer wheat, genetic resistance is an important component of a good integrated pest management strategy for controlling the wheat streak mosaic complex. It’s important to note that while some varieties provide partial protection against the wheat streak complex, there is no silver bullet variety that will work in all scenarios. All commercial varieties will be symptomatic under some conditions, but the degree of yield loss to the virus complex will vary between varieties.As a reminder, yield loss to wheat streak complex is highly influenced by timing of infection, composition of viruses, and variety choice.We know that fall infections and infections that occur in earlier stages of wheat development (prior to jointing) can result in the highest levels of yield loss. Infections that occur after the flag leaf and booting growth stages generally result in lower levels of yield loss. It should be noted that infections can occur in the fall and remain “dormant” in the plants until the weather warms in the spring. This is why we can sometimes see symptoms come on suddenly when the weather warms in the spring.In addition to the timing of infection, the composition of viruses in a given field can impact final yield losses. Infections with more than one virus (e.g., WSMV + TriMV) can result in synergistic yield losses. It was common to see infections with two or more viruses in Kansas in 2025.When we think about variety resistance in the context of wheat streak mosaic complex, there are two main types: resistance to the virus and resistance to the mite.Regarding resistance to the virus, several genes have been described —&nbsp; wsm1, wsm2, and wsm3. The gene wsm2 is most widely available in Kansas varieties, including KS Territory (red), KS Mako (red), KS Bill Snyder (red), KS Dallas (red), KS Hamilton (red), Guardian (red), Oakley CL (red), Joe (white), and KS Big Bow (white). This resistance gene can help with severe wheat streak mosaic virus infections, but has key limitations. For example:<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1786463386667.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>In addition, there are a handful of varieties with resistance to the wheat curl mite (cmc4), including Guardian, Canvas, TAM 112, Byrd, Avery, Langin, Kivari AX, KS Western Star, Whistler, Crescent AX, Incline AX, Fortify SF, TAM 115, TAM 204, and T158. These varieties remain susceptible to viral diseases, but they generally slow the development of the mite populations in the fall. This resistance can help reduce the risk of severe disease, but will not provide enough protection if wheat is planted in close proximity to volunteer wheat or other hosts infested with large populations of the curl mites and virus.Central vs. Western Kansas: Location MattersUnfortunately, many of these varieties are adapted to Western Kansas and may not be the best options for production systems in the central corridor. Some central Kansas-adapted varieties, including Rockstar, AP Prolific, SY Wolverine, LCS Photon AX, LCS Helix AX, and LCS Julep, tolerate WSMV infection better than others. It should be noted that, for all the reasons mentioned above, these varieties will still appear symptomatic under high disease pressure. KS Mako is a new release from the K-State Manhattan breeding program, adapted for the central corridor of the state and carrying the wsm2 gene. These varieties will still show symptoms of WSMV but may yield better than other varieties that are more susceptible.More information on variety selection can be found here: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2025_MF991">MF991 Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdf. </a>A newer version of this publication will be released in the coming weeks.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Wheat Streak Mosaic Complex: Role of variety resistance

On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, Becky Kiser, news reporter, talks with Monique Koerner, Cottonwood Extension District Family and Community Wellness agent about celebrating national Family Day with Pizza Make &amp; Take on Sept. 28.

They'll discuss how gathering together for family meals make families stronger and why family dynamics improve with the frequency of family meals.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/4/1650389030295.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Post Podcast: Celebrate Family Day with Pizza Make & Take on Sept. 28; register now" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:300px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?from=embed&i=pmn3f-1b33f27-pb&square=1&share=1&download=1&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&rtl=0&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=300" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Hays Post Podcast, Becky Kiser, news reporter, talks with Monique Koerner, Cottonwood Extension District Family and Community Wellness agent about celebrating national Family Day with Pizza Make &amp; Take on Sept. 28.They'll discuss how gathering together for family meals make families stronger and why family dynamics improve with the frequency of family meals.&nbsp;

🎙Post Podcast: Celebrate Family Day with Pizza Make & Take; register now 

Backpacks for Kids 2026 is officially over! A big thank you to EVERYONE that helped make this event a huge success. Whether you donated supplies, money, or volunteered your time… you helped to make a big difference!

As of Tuesday, we have given out 580 backpacks filled with grade appropriate school supplies and hygiene items to students in Ellis County! 

We will be delivering another 58 bags to schools within Ellis County for them to store for any late enrollments. If you are still in need of a backpack or supplies for your student, stop by our office this week and we can get you taken care of.

*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=UnlHhkW8nbuj1OTiL2DGmHeES5lB83GoFJTeqMNRks0.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0pvZS1Cb2ItT3V0Zml0dGVycy01MjkyMTUzMDA1NTk1NzMvP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189a0stUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Joe Bob Outfitters</a>&nbsp;for allowing us to store all our bags and supplies in your warehouse all year.

*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=lMd92OwvON-wFLySLY1PjinbH-EEJNMrsFjmRewykQs.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2hheXNyZWM_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Hays Recreation Commission</a>&nbsp;for hosting us at their location.

*Thank you to the&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=2AcKasv8BvvWhPI1y4GBieXvNdP9HJ95TUfMem-Wqq8.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3VzZDQ4OT9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Hays High School</a>&nbsp;football team for helping us unload and set up for the event.

*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=zepqmUCaIJ5yb-wHajKLBf4LJCuEGbFqSOaBBfDjyRw.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0RvbWlub3M_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Domino's</a>&nbsp;for donating lunch to all of our volunteers.

*Thank you&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=K-4OgHgFyvtxGowNV4tePpkD7OdYwzxg8eKLjbN1dPU.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3BlcHNpP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Pepsi</a>&nbsp;for donating drinks for our volunteers to enjoy while they were working.

*In addition to all our grantors and donors, we’d like to give a special shout out to the&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=adX90XyWOLZxdkSaoZNBNMFjXwJ1PSFhRZ-Q9DY8_9M.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3VuaXRlZHdheW9mZWxsaXNjb3VudHk_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">United Way of Ellis County</a>&nbsp;for helping to fund the program each year and helping to spread the word.

*Thank you to ALL Ellis County churches that hosted collection sites and gathered supplies and backpacks for us.

&nbsp;*Some pretty cool people helped to get supplies ready for Backpacks for Kids! Nex-Tech/Nex-Tech Wireless and the Hays CYO held supply drives for us! We also had some great volunteers come in to help pack bags with supplies!

*Thank you to the following organizations that hosted a table at the event to share with students about what they offer:&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=2zdHGt3XgIIyfhZMCkRtqGLRsTykrj_D02YHyOnyEAQ.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0VsbGlzQ29CaWdzP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Kansas Big Brothers Big Sisters</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=sg93kDgegI16B3P2h9dCcpxf27fGN14Ra6x6BUBkoE4.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3Njb3V0aW5nLmFtZXJpY2E_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Scouting America</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=gctc3xQzNS4qjKxx6bvIcNMZeUORnKA8RuawhyYxFwQ.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2tzZ2lybHNjb3V0cz9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Girl Scouts of Kansas Heartland</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=JOX2e6jvw-8339JR-8Ol0CpEqdh_Op--HHZrdAps0BE.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2tzcmVjb3R0b253b29kP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">K-State Extension - Cottonwood Extension District</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=xBrTekiwaZb_rsVCfOr1oOZL43LQU4ixk0dbwkofjoI.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2hheXNwdWJsaWNsaWJyYXJ5P19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Hays Public Library</a>&nbsp;Bookmobile, and&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=wA1uuVoSmdezghPomPt2itr2N2I6OjHG7Z3Pzm0un-s.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3Byb2ZpbGUucGhwP2lkPTEwMDA2NDU5MDM3Mzk5MSZfX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Early Childhood Connections</a>.

*Thank you&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=saNfv063s5fGn4CpJL1Xraf0IrfMH6x9ttugNVCiYJI.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0RlbHRhRGVudGFsb2ZLUz9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Delta Dental of Kansas</a>&nbsp;for donating ALL of the smile kits that were included in everyone's hygiene kits and&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=0YzsNWs30MKJwqzTXRUrE76Bu1ATzHjqNZpiO1Gkp-8.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0hlYXJ0bGFuZENGP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Heartland Community Foundation</a>&nbsp;for granting us money to purchase all of our new hygiene tubs!

*Thank you to all of the businesses that allowed their employees to come and volunteer on company time!

*Thank you to EVERYONE! Without community support, this event would not be as great as it is! We are so blessed!

Thank you to the <a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=X5MJwQbBwCaY7Br0hVbBYfFLfVXoQGmrbKYfGiRqbUw.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0hlYXJ0bGFuZENGP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYVUzelNYc184Sk5LMXQyVGxxR28zRkhYM0UyMzRIQ1dwMGdBc1FOVVNqSWNRb0E2dnRiNXFpZmNwdkJqak90TDI0aVppLW1IbDFrZkFiTU01djdsdWlDUkttQ3ZjT2lzQUtCZVNyWGRrSHFUdE1HUWRCbHlScFluNWZ6Z0VLdW5wRm1ldzA0U0ttRjFlRG9kWTM5NVg1SkVmSUM0MWNubVQ4WXM3X0pncEtnZUVDZFJoMjU4ckRGWnZrRjM0R2k2NCZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Heartland Community Foundation</a> &amp; the Ellis County Legacy Fund for the grant to support our Backpacks for Kids program! With this grant funding, we purchased 43 reusable, sealable totes to store our hygiene kits. These durable totes reduce our reliance on cardboard boxes, provide stronger long-term storage, improve organization, and make transporting supplies easier and more efficient. This investment supports the sustainability and effectiveness of our program. Thank you so much for supporting us and our mission!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1786554565840.jpeg" alt="Backpacks for Kids 2026. Photo courtesy First Call for Help" />
 <figcaption>Backpacks for Kids 2026. Photo courtesy First Call for Help</figcaption>
 </figure>First Call for HelpBackpacks for Kids 2026 is officially over! A big thank you to EVERYONE that helped make this event a huge success. Whether you donated supplies, money, or volunteered your time… you helped to make a big difference!As of Tuesday, we have given out 580 backpacks filled with grade appropriate school supplies and hygiene items to students in Ellis County! We will be delivering another 58 bags to schools within Ellis County for them to store for any late enrollments. If you are still in need of a backpack or supplies for your student, stop by our office this week and we can get you taken care of.*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=UnlHhkW8nbuj1OTiL2DGmHeES5lB83GoFJTeqMNRks0.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0pvZS1Cb2ItT3V0Zml0dGVycy01MjkyMTUzMDA1NTk1NzMvP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189a0stUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Joe Bob Outfitters</a>&nbsp;for allowing us to store all our bags and supplies in your warehouse all year.*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=lMd92OwvON-wFLySLY1PjinbH-EEJNMrsFjmRewykQs.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2hheXNyZWM_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Hays Recreation Commission</a>&nbsp;for hosting us at their location.*Thank you to the&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=2AcKasv8BvvWhPI1y4GBieXvNdP9HJ95TUfMem-Wqq8.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3VzZDQ4OT9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Hays High School</a>&nbsp;football team for helping us unload and set up for the event.*Thank you to&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=zepqmUCaIJ5yb-wHajKLBf4LJCuEGbFqSOaBBfDjyRw.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0RvbWlub3M_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Domino's</a>&nbsp;for donating lunch to all of our volunteers.*Thank you&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=K-4OgHgFyvtxGowNV4tePpkD7OdYwzxg8eKLjbN1dPU.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3BlcHNpP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Pepsi</a>&nbsp;for donating drinks for our volunteers to enjoy while they were working.*In addition to all our grantors and donors, we’d like to give a special shout out to the&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=adX90XyWOLZxdkSaoZNBNMFjXwJ1PSFhRZ-Q9DY8_9M.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3VuaXRlZHdheW9mZWxsaXNjb3VudHk_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">United Way of Ellis County</a>&nbsp;for helping to fund the program each year and helping to spread the word.*Thank you to ALL Ellis County churches that hosted collection sites and gathered supplies and backpacks for us.&nbsp;*Some pretty cool people helped to get supplies ready for Backpacks for Kids! Nex-Tech/Nex-Tech Wireless and the Hays CYO held supply drives for us! We also had some great volunteers come in to help pack bags with supplies!*Thank you to the following organizations that hosted a table at the event to share with students about what they offer:&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=2zdHGt3XgIIyfhZMCkRtqGLRsTykrj_D02YHyOnyEAQ.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0VsbGlzQ29CaWdzP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Kansas Big Brothers Big Sisters</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=sg93kDgegI16B3P2h9dCcpxf27fGN14Ra6x6BUBkoE4.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3Njb3V0aW5nLmFtZXJpY2E_X19jZnRfXyU1QjAlNUQ9QVpiNlBlbGM5LUpPaWp6QzBmYjMxZkZaSHdndU5mSUhFRG5mUk5VYkt0Z1pvNWFhNmJhN1E0WHNEeWk1N1ZHOXdNWktSUFBqODRMRmdUTnYtRmMxRFRsUGtoNWJ4MUY4MUFROGFMSHNYUjV0cmpySm1ISUR0RE9tRFUzTlhfRE5UekRVWXJmdWhjQ2M4d0ZPOF9rYjY4WHZ0ekpKTHA0V2t6aDlFeU9GR2E2R21CelRSRTdsNFJTdlZQV1pwVWRiY293Jl9fdG5fXz0tJTVESy1SIiwiciI6IiIsIm0iOiJtYWlsIiwiYyI6Ijk5Y2MwMmY3LTUyMTYtNDRmNS1iY2VmLWVlNTE2MzI4OTJhYiJ9" target="_blank">Scouting America</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=gctc3xQzNS4qjKxx6bvIcNMZeUORnKA8RuawhyYxFwQ.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2tzZ2lybHNjb3V0cz9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Girl Scouts of Kansas Heartland</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=JOX2e6jvw-8339JR-8Ol0CpEqdh_Op--HHZrdAps0BE.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2tzcmVjb3R0b253b29kP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">K-State Extension - Cottonwood Extension District</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=xBrTekiwaZb_rsVCfOr1oOZL43LQU4ixk0dbwkofjoI.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL2hheXNwdWJsaWNsaWJyYXJ5P19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Hays Public Library</a>&nbsp;Bookmobile, and&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=wA1uuVoSmdezghPomPt2itr2N2I6OjHG7Z3Pzm0un-s.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3Byb2ZpbGUucGhwP2lkPTEwMDA2NDU5MDM3Mzk5MSZfX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Early Childhood Connections</a>.*Thank you&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=saNfv063s5fGn4CpJL1Xraf0IrfMH6x9ttugNVCiYJI.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0RlbHRhRGVudGFsb2ZLUz9fX2NmdF9fJTVCMCU1RD1BWmI2UGVsYzktSk9panpDMGZiMzFmRlpId2d1TmZJSEVEbmZSTlViS3RnWm81YWE2YmE3UTRYc0R5aTU3Vkc5d01aS1JQUGo4NExGZ1ROdi1GYzFEVGxQa2g1YngxRjgxQVE4YUxIc1hSNXRyanJKbUhJRHRET21EVTNOWF9ETlR6RFVZcmZ1aGNDYzh3Rk84X2tiNjhYdnR6SkpMcDRXa3poOUV5T0ZHYTZHbUJ6VFJFN2w0UlN2VlBXWnBVZGJjb3cmX190bl9fPS0lNURLLVIiLCJyIjoiIiwibSI6Im1haWwiLCJjIjoiOTljYzAyZjctNTIxNi00NGY1LWJjZWYtZWU1MTYzMjg5MmFiIn0" target="_blank">Delta Dental of Kansas</a>&nbsp;for donating ALL of the smile kits that were included in everyone's hygiene kits and&nbsp;<a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=0YzsNWs30MKJwqzTXRUrE76Bu1ATzHjqNZpiO1Gkp-8.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0hlYXJ0bGFuZENGP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYjZQZWxjOS1KT2lqekMwZmIzMWZGWkh3Z3VOZklIRURuZlJOVWJLdGdabzVhYTZiYTdRNFhzRHlpNTdWRzl3TVpLUlBQajg0TEZnVE52LUZjMURUbFBraDVieDFGODFBUThhTEhzWFI1dHJqckptSElEdERPbURVM05YX0ROVHpEVVlyZnVoY0NjOHdGTzhfa2I2OFh2dHpKSkxwNFdremg5RXlPRkdhNkdtQnpUUkU3bDRSU3ZWUFdacFVkYmNvdyZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Heartland Community Foundation</a>&nbsp;for granting us money to purchase all of our new hygiene tubs!*Thank you to all of the businesses that allowed their employees to come and volunteer on company time!*Thank you to EVERYONE! Without community support, this event would not be as great as it is! We are so blessed!Thank you to the <a href="https://firstcallelliscounty.com/so/43P-sDpdX/c?w=X5MJwQbBwCaY7Br0hVbBYfFLfVXoQGmrbKYfGiRqbUw.eyJ1IjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL0hlYXJ0bGFuZENGP19fY2Z0X18lNUIwJTVEPUFaYVUzelNYc184Sk5LMXQyVGxxR28zRkhYM0UyMzRIQ1dwMGdBc1FOVVNqSWNRb0E2dnRiNXFpZmNwdkJqak90TDI0aVppLW1IbDFrZkFiTU01djdsdWlDUkttQ3ZjT2lzQUtCZVNyWGRrSHFUdE1HUWRCbHlScFluNWZ6Z0VLdW5wRm1ldzA0U0ttRjFlRG9kWTM5NVg1SkVmSUM0MWNubVQ4WXM3X0pncEtnZUVDZFJoMjU4ckRGWnZrRjM0R2k2NCZfX3RuX189LSU1REstUiIsInIiOiIiLCJtIjoibWFpbCIsImMiOiI5OWNjMDJmNy01MjE2LTQ0ZjUtYmNlZi1lZTUxNjMyODkyYWIifQ" target="_blank">Heartland Community Foundation</a> &amp; the Ellis County Legacy Fund for the grant to support our Backpacks for Kids program! With this grant funding, we purchased 43 reusable, sealable totes to store our hygiene kits. These durable totes reduce our reliance on cardboard boxes, provide stronger long-term storage, improve organization, and make transporting supplies easier and more efficient. This investment supports the sustainability and effectiveness of our program. Thank you so much for supporting us and our mission!

Backpacks for Kids distributes more than 600 backpacks to Ellis County students

By BEN SIMS Cottonwood Extension

It’s time for the start of the new 4-H year which officially began on October 1 and will run&nbsp;through September 30 of next year. The 4-H program provides Kansas youth with a chance to&nbsp;learn, lead and grow by helping them to develop soft and life skills.

Opportunities range from&nbsp;science and leadership, to gardening and public speaking through project work and relationships&nbsp;with caring adults and volunteers. Youth will gain a sense of community and find their place&nbsp;within it.

The 4-H program has played a pivotal role in both urban and rural youth development for over&nbsp;100 years. At the conclusion of next year’s Kansas State Fair, we will wrap up our 120th year of&nbsp;Kansas 4-H. 

A young child can begin their 4-H journey as young as 5 or 6 by joining as a&nbsp;Cloverbud member. This non-competitive membership serves as way to introduce them and their&nbsp;family to the 4-H program.

&nbsp;Youth become full 4-H members that can participate through high&nbsp;school, at the age of 7.

4-H provides opportunities to learn and grow for youth of all interests and backgrounds with&nbsp;over 50 project area offerings.

Leadership and communication skill development is a cornerstone&nbsp;of 4-H, starting with simple club demonstrations and talks. From there, youth may participate at&nbsp;their local club days to display their knowledge obtained through project work, and compete for&nbsp;the chance to compete at a Regional Club Day event.

4-H strives to provide a safe place for collaboration, exploration, learning, and even failure. With

caring adult guidance and peer support, 4-H provides a space for youth to celebrate their&nbsp;victories and learn from their failures.

Volunteers are crucial to creating this environment. The&nbsp;work we do in 4-H could not be done without their support. If anyone has a passion they would&nbsp;like to share with youth or has interest in learning more about what it’s like to be a 4-H&nbsp;volunteer, I invite you to reach out to our office.

National 4-H has launched a new initiative called “4-H Beyond Ready” that is all about&nbsp;preparing our youth to be ready for work in life. We look forward to the opportunity of helping&nbsp;the youth of our communities become “Beyond Ready” and strive “To Make the Best Better.”

Feel free to reach out for more information on how to join.

For more information on 4-H Youth Development or K-State Extension call the office at 620-793-1910, email me, Ben Sims at benjam63@ksu.edu, or stop by the office which is located in&nbsp;Great Bend at 3007 10th Street.

&nbsp;Be sure to follow K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood&nbsp;Extension District Facebook page and check our website <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">cottonwood.k-state.edu</a> for the most up-to-date information about Extension programming.

Ben Sims is the 4-H Youth and Development Agent with the K-State Cottonwood Extension District&nbsp;which serves both Ellis and Barton counties in Kansas.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/5/1779988051620.jpeg" alt="Ben Sims, Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Ben Sims, Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By BEN SIMS Cottonwood ExtensionIt’s time for the start of the new 4-H year which officially began on October 1 and will run&nbsp;through September 30 of next year. The 4-H program provides Kansas youth with a chance to&nbsp;learn, lead and grow by helping them to develop soft and life skills.Opportunities range from&nbsp;science and leadership, to gardening and public speaking through project work and relationships&nbsp;with caring adults and volunteers. Youth will gain a sense of community and find their place&nbsp;within it.The 4-H program has played a pivotal role in both urban and rural youth development for over&nbsp;100 years. At the conclusion of next year’s Kansas State Fair, we will wrap up our 120th year of&nbsp;Kansas 4-H. A young child can begin their 4-H journey as young as 5 or 6 by joining as a&nbsp;Cloverbud member. This non-competitive membership serves as way to introduce them and their&nbsp;family to the 4-H program.&nbsp;Youth become full 4-H members that can participate through high&nbsp;school, at the age of 7.4-H provides opportunities to learn and grow for youth of all interests and backgrounds with&nbsp;over 50 project area offerings.Leadership and communication skill development is a cornerstone&nbsp;of 4-H, starting with simple club demonstrations and talks. From there, youth may participate at&nbsp;their local club days to display their knowledge obtained through project work, and compete for&nbsp;the chance to compete at a Regional Club Day event.4-H strives to provide a safe place for collaboration, exploration, learning, and even failure. Withcaring adult guidance and peer support, 4-H provides a space for youth to celebrate their&nbsp;victories and learn from their failures.Volunteers are crucial to creating this environment. The&nbsp;work we do in 4-H could not be done without their support. If anyone has a passion they would&nbsp;like to share with youth or has interest in learning more about what it’s like to be a 4-H&nbsp;volunteer, I invite you to reach out to our office.National 4-H has launched a new initiative called “4-H Beyond Ready” that is all about&nbsp;preparing our youth to be ready for work in life. We look forward to the opportunity of helping&nbsp;the youth of our communities become “Beyond Ready” and strive “To Make the Best Better.”Feel free to reach out for more information on how to join.For more information on 4-H Youth Development or K-State Extension call the office at 620-793-1910, email me, Ben Sims at benjam63@ksu.edu, or stop by the office which is located in&nbsp;Great Bend at 3007 10th Street.&nbsp;Be sure to follow K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood&nbsp;Extension District Facebook page and check our website <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">cottonwood.k-state.edu</a> for the most up-to-date information about Extension programming.Ben Sims is the 4-H Youth and Development Agent with the K-State Cottonwood Extension District&nbsp;which serves both Ellis and Barton counties in Kansas.

SIMS: New 4-H year, new opportunities

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Successful beef production requires sound management decisions, practical experience, and a commitment to continual learning. As cattle producers face changing markets, environmental challenges, and evolving production practices, access to research-based education remains essential.

To meet that need, Kansas State University Research and Extension will host a two-day Cow Camp  on Sept. 9–10, 2026, at the K-State Agricultural Research Center in Hays. The program is designed to provide practical, hands-on education that producers can immediately apply to improve herd health, profitability, and long-term sustainability.

The event combines classroom instruction with interactive demonstrations and producer networking, allowing participants to learn directly from K-State specialists and industry professionals while gaining practical skills applicable to their own operations.

Educational sessions will cover beef cattle nutrition, growth-promoting implants, vaccine handling and cooler construction, neonatal calf care, reproductive management, agricultural finance, prescribed burning, and fly and tick control. Participants will also attend an educational dinner program and have opportunities to network with fellow producers, extension specialists, and industry representatives.

"Producers are constantly making management decisions that affect the productivity and profitability of their operations," said Emma Briggs, K-State Research and Extension beef production specialist. "Our goal is to provide practical information and hands-on experiences that help producers make informed decisions they can take home and implement immediately."

The program emphasizes applied learning through small-group breakout sessions. Participants will rotate through hands-on stations covering implanting techniques, building an effective vaccine cooler, newborn calf management, and reproductive tract education. Each session is designed to increase confidence while reinforcing best management practices supported by current research.

In addition to production-focused topics, participants will receive guidance on working with agricultural lenders, understanding the 5 C's of Credit, evaluating cost of production, and using Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage (PRF) insurance as a risk management tool.

"The beef industry continues to evolve, and lifelong learning is one of the best investments producers can make," Briggs said. "Whether someone is just getting started or has years of experience, there is value in learning new management strategies, asking questions, and connecting with others in the industry."

The program is intended for beef producers, ranch managers, family members involved in cattle operations, and anyone interested in improving their knowledge of beef cattle management. By combining research-based information with hands-on demonstrations and peer networking, the event aims to equip participants with practical tools that support stronger management decisions and more resilient operations.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/4/1712150087384.jpeg" alt="Photo courtesy K-State Beef Cattle Institute" />
 <figcaption>Photo courtesy K-State Beef Cattle Institute</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictSuccessful beef production requires sound management decisions, practical experience, and a commitment to continual learning. As cattle producers face changing markets, environmental challenges, and evolving production practices, access to research-based education remains essential.To meet that need, Kansas State University Research and Extension will host a two-day Cow Camp on Sept. 9–10, 2026, at the K-State Agricultural Research Center in Hays. The program is designed to provide practical, hands-on education that producers can immediately apply to improve herd health, profitability, and long-term sustainability.The event combines classroom instruction with interactive demonstrations and producer networking, allowing participants to learn directly from K-State specialists and industry professionals while gaining practical skills applicable to their own operations.Educational sessions will cover beef cattle nutrition, growth-promoting implants, vaccine handling and cooler construction, neonatal calf care, reproductive management, agricultural finance, prescribed burning, and fly and tick control. Participants will also attend an educational dinner program and have opportunities to network with fellow producers, extension specialists, and industry representatives."Producers are constantly making management decisions that affect the productivity and profitability of their operations," said Emma Briggs, K-State Research and Extension beef production specialist. "Our goal is to provide practical information and hands-on experiences that help producers make informed decisions they can take home and implement immediately."The program emphasizes applied learning through small-group breakout sessions. Participants will rotate through hands-on stations covering implanting techniques, building an effective vaccine cooler, newborn calf management, and reproductive tract education. Each session is designed to increase confidence while reinforcing best management practices supported by current research.In addition to production-focused topics, participants will receive guidance on working with agricultural lenders, understanding the 5 C's of Credit, evaluating cost of production, and using Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage (PRF) insurance as a risk management tool."The beef industry continues to evolve, and lifelong learning is one of the best investments producers can make," Briggs said. "Whether someone is just getting started or has years of experience, there is value in learning new management strategies, asking questions, and connecting with others in the industry."The program is intended for beef producers, ranch managers, family members involved in cattle operations, and anyone interested in improving their knowledge of beef cattle management. By combining research-based information with hands-on demonstrations and peer networking, the event aims to equip participants with practical tools that support stronger management decisions and more resilient operations.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1786458256750.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1786458416361.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Cost: $80Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Western Kansas Beef Cattle Management Program upcoming in Hays

On August 24, the CME will launch a grain sorghum basis futures contract. 

The purpose of this contract is to provide an instrument that can hedge the price difference between sorghum and corn. 

Dan O’Brien and Guy Allen at Kansas State University have conducted research to assess ‘why’ this new contract is needed and the implications of this new contract for the Kansas country elevator system. 

Employees of the Kansas country elevator system interested in this topic are invited to attend this discussion, which will include ample time for questions and answers. 

Lunch will be provided. There is no fee, but registration is required for lunch. 

Date/Time: 11:00 am to 1:00 pm on Tuesday, August 11, 2026&nbsp;Location: Great Bend Events Center, 3111 10th St., Great Bend, KS.&nbsp;Target Audience: Employees of the Kansas Country Elevator System who could trade the new CME grain sorghum basis futures contract.&nbsp;Producers interested in this topic are also invited to attend. 

Agenda: 10:30 am to 11:00 am - Registration11:00 am to 11:05 am - Welcome, Dr. Brian Briggeman (Professor and ACCC Director)&nbsp;11:05 am to 12:15 pm - Country Elevator Applications of CME Grain Sorghum Basis Futures Contract, Daniel O’Brien (Professor) and Guy Allen (Senior Economist, IGP)&nbsp;12:15 pm to 1:00 pm – Lunch&nbsp;

To register for this meeting, go to agmanager.info/events.

 If you have any questions, you can contact Rich Llewelyn at rvl@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or by calling 620-793-1910

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor, File photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor, File photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOROn August 24, the CME will launch a grain sorghum basis futures contract. The purpose of this contract is to provide an instrument that can hedge the price difference between sorghum and corn. Dan O’Brien and Guy Allen at Kansas State University have conducted research to assess ‘why’ this new contract is needed and the implications of this new contract for the Kansas country elevator system. Employees of the Kansas country elevator system interested in this topic are invited to attend this discussion, which will include ample time for questions and answers. Lunch will be provided. There is no fee, but registration is required for lunch. Date/Time: 11:00 am to 1:00 pm on Tuesday, August 11, 2026&nbsp;Location: Great Bend Events Center, 3111 10th St., Great Bend, KS.&nbsp;Target Audience: Employees of the Kansas Country Elevator System who could trade the new CME grain sorghum basis futures contract.&nbsp;Producers interested in this topic are also invited to attend. Agenda: 10:30 am to 11:00 am - Registration11:00 am to 11:05 am - Welcome, Dr. Brian Briggeman (Professor and ACCC Director)&nbsp;11:05 am to 12:15 pm - Country Elevator Applications of CME Grain Sorghum Basis Futures Contract, Daniel O’Brien (Professor) and Guy Allen (Senior Economist, IGP)&nbsp;12:15 pm to 1:00 pm – Lunch&nbsp;To register for this meeting, go to agmanager.info/events. If you have any questions, you can contact Rich Llewelyn at rvl@ksu.edu.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or by calling 620-793-1910

BOOR: Sorghum grain marking program

&nbsp;By ALICIA BOORK-State Extension

Brown patch, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most common disease problems encountered in tall fescue turf during the hot weather months.&nbsp;

· The Symptoms (Visual Cues): Look for circular or irregular patches of blighted turf (tan, orangish brown) ranging from a few inches to several feet in diameter. On individual leaf blades, look for distinct tan lesions featuring dark brown borders.&nbsp;

· The Signs (Physical Pathogen): On humid, dewy mornings, you can often see cobwebby, white fungal growth (mycelium) resting on the grass canopy.&nbsp;

What enhances disease severity?&nbsp;

Fungal outbreaks rely on the alignment of the “Disease Triangle“: A susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a conducive environment. Brown patch thrives on hot summer nights when air temperatures stay above 68°F, and leaves remain wet for more than 8 consecutive hours. Furthermore, brown patch is a “high-nitrogen” disease, meaning excessive nitrogen fertilization in your tall fescue turf right before or during hot, humid windows drastically amplifies its severity.&nbsp;

Cultural practices to prevent and alleviate Brown Patch&nbsp;

Before reaching for a chemical solution (fungicide), adjust your management routine to break the disease triangle:&nbsp;

· Reduce Leaf Wetness: Only irrigate during the early morning hours (between 5:00 and 10:00 AM) so the canopy dries quickly during the day. Avoid watering in the evening, because it results in wet leaves all night.&nbsp;

· Improve Airflow: Trim low-hanging tree branches to maximize air movement, lowering localized relative humidity.&nbsp;

· Alleviate Plant Stress: Raise your mowing height to promote healthier plants with more photosynthesis (carbohydrate accumulation) and deeper roots. Relieve soil compaction through core aerification in the spring or fall in tall fescue turf.&nbsp;

· Smart Fertility &amp; Seeding: Avoid summer nitrogen applications for tall fescue —fertilize in the fall instead. When repairing damaged areas in September, overseed with newer, improved tall fescue cultivars that possess better natural disease resistance.&nbsp;

Chemical control: Active ingredients&nbsp;

If your tall fescue turf has a chronic history of severe brown patch, a preventative strategy using systemic fungicides may be needed. Systemic products are absorbed into the plant to protect new growth for a longer period, whereas contact fungicides merely sit on the surface.&nbsp;

· When to Apply: Apply preventatively in early-to-mid June as humidity rises and night temperatures consistently exceed 60°F, repeating every 4 to 6 weeks through the summer may be needed, depending on disease pressure (environmental conditions). Curative applications only protect uninfected new growth; they cannot restore already dead tissue.&nbsp;

· Top Active Ingredients (Liquids are preferred for uniform canopy coverage):&nbsp;

Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, tebuconazole, fluoxastrobin, flutolanil, myclobutanil, and some others. This is an excellent guide – Chemical Control of Turfgrass Diseases 2024 by Univ. of Kentucky, Rutgers Univ., and the Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.&nbsp;

Always read and follow all pesticide label directions to know what sites you can legally apply to and the application rates. The label is the law.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or by calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor, courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor, courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>&nbsp;By ALICIA BOORK-State ExtensionBrown patch, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most common disease problems encountered in tall fescue turf during the hot weather months.&nbsp;How to identify it&nbsp;· The Symptoms (Visual Cues): Look for circular or irregular patches of blighted turf (tan, orangish brown) ranging from a few inches to several feet in diameter. On individual leaf blades, look for distinct tan lesions featuring dark brown borders.&nbsp;· The Signs (Physical Pathogen): On humid, dewy mornings, you can often see cobwebby, white fungal growth (mycelium) resting on the grass canopy.&nbsp;What enhances disease severity?&nbsp;Fungal outbreaks rely on the alignment of the “Disease Triangle“: A susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a conducive environment. Brown patch thrives on hot summer nights when air temperatures stay above 68°F, and leaves remain wet for more than 8 consecutive hours. Furthermore, brown patch is a “high-nitrogen” disease, meaning excessive nitrogen fertilization in your tall fescue turf right before or during hot, humid windows drastically amplifies its severity.&nbsp;Cultural practices to prevent and alleviate Brown Patch&nbsp;Before reaching for a chemical solution (fungicide), adjust your management routine to break the disease triangle:&nbsp;· Reduce Leaf Wetness: Only irrigate during the early morning hours (between 5:00 and 10:00 AM) so the canopy dries quickly during the day. Avoid watering in the evening, because it results in wet leaves all night.&nbsp;· Improve Airflow: Trim low-hanging tree branches to maximize air movement, lowering localized relative humidity.&nbsp;· Alleviate Plant Stress: Raise your mowing height to promote healthier plants with more photosynthesis (carbohydrate accumulation) and deeper roots. Relieve soil compaction through core aerification in the spring or fall in tall fescue turf.&nbsp;· Smart Fertility &amp; Seeding: Avoid summer nitrogen applications for tall fescue —fertilize in the fall instead. When repairing damaged areas in September, overseed with newer, improved tall fescue cultivars that possess better natural disease resistance.&nbsp;Chemical control: Active ingredients&nbsp;If your tall fescue turf has a chronic history of severe brown patch, a preventative strategy using systemic fungicides may be needed. Systemic products are absorbed into the plant to protect new growth for a longer period, whereas contact fungicides merely sit on the surface.&nbsp;· When to Apply: Apply preventatively in early-to-mid June as humidity rises and night temperatures consistently exceed 60°F, repeating every 4 to 6 weeks through the summer may be needed, depending on disease pressure (environmental conditions). Curative applications only protect uninfected new growth; they cannot restore already dead tissue.&nbsp;· Top Active Ingredients (Liquids are preferred for uniform canopy coverage):&nbsp;Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, propiconazole, tebuconazole, fluoxastrobin, flutolanil, myclobutanil, and some others. This is an excellent guide – Chemical Control of Turfgrass Diseases 2024 by Univ. of Kentucky, Rutgers Univ., and the Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.&nbsp;Always read and follow all pesticide label directions to know what sites you can legally apply to and the application rates. The label is the law.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or by calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Brown patch in tall Fescue Systems

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

The question about the role of alternative crops and grasses in the landscape is frequently raised. The general risk of species as reservoirs for the mite and virus complex depends on several factors, including

· How well the curl mite reproduces on a given host · How susceptible the host is to the virus · The presence of the host during critical periods over the summer · How those periods overlap with the wheat crop &nbsp;· How much of the host is present in the landscape during those critical summer months (host density)

That information was combined to develop the relative risk of host species harboring wheat curl mites over the summer (Figure 2). You’ll notice that the list includes cereal crops, weeds, and pasture grasses. In all, over 90 species have been shown to harbor the mites or virus to some level. Legumes are not known hosts for the curl mite or viruses.

Volunteer wheat left over the summer is the highest-risk host because it checks all the boxes for risk. The curl mites will reproduce rapidly on volunteer wheat. They are usually present right after harvest, may be left through fall planting, are susceptible to the viruses, and can build to high levels in the landscape. This is why the first line of defense against wheat streak will always be volunteer wheat management (ideally during wheat-free windows.

Volunteer wheat can also “hide” in summer crops planted after wheat harvest, as well as cover crops, complicating the ability to determine the risk of other crops in the landscape. For example, if wheat that is harvested in June and grain sorghum (or corn and soybean) is planted into that same field after wheat harvest, secondary flushes of volunteer wheat will be difficult to control.

Winter cereals planted early (during the wheat-free windows) for grazing or cover cropping may pose a risk for harboring curl mites. Species like barley, oats, rye, and triticale have all been shown to host both the mites and the virus at fairly high levels. When at all possible, early planting of these crops near fields that will be established with a fall wheat crop should be avoided. Including these crops in a summer cover crop mix can also be risky for bridging the curl mites and viruses to the fall wheat crop.

To a lesser extent, corn and sorghum can also host the mite and virus complex. These crops are generally considered of low concern for epidemics in Kansas. Most of the research that we’ve reviewed has demonstrated that these crops are most conducive to curl mite survival during early growth stages. So, for example, corn/sorghum at a young stage when wheat is drying down would be at higher risk for curl mites than late-planted corn. It appears that curl mites are limited to corn husks later in the season and can result in symptoms of kernel red streak through feeding damage. Kernel red streak is generally considered a cosmetic issue in corn, but can serve as a sign that curl mites were present. Most commercial corn hybrids are resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus and High Plains wheat mosaic virus and will not experience yield losses to those viruses. Importantly, it appears that curl mite populations rapidly decline in the corn crop after the crop reaches black layer.

Weedy grass hosts (detailed in Figure 2) are generally a lower concern, unless they are allowed to build to high levels and remain established through the summer months. Their role in epidemics is dictated by their abundance and the time they are allowed to persist in the landscape.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/5/1747233937338.jpeg" alt="Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Complex. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Complex. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe question about the role of alternative crops and grasses in the landscape is frequently raised. The general risk of species as reservoirs for the mite and virus complex depends on several factors, including· How well the curl mite reproduces on a given host · How susceptible the host is to the virus · The presence of the host during critical periods over the summer · How those periods overlap with the wheat crop &nbsp;· How much of the host is present in the landscape during those critical summer months (host density)That information was combined to develop the relative risk of host species harboring wheat curl mites over the summer (Figure 2). You’ll notice that the list includes cereal crops, weeds, and pasture grasses. In all, over 90 species have been shown to harbor the mites or virus to some level. Legumes are not known hosts for the curl mite or viruses.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1785861215336.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1785861320461.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/8/1785861388235.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Volunteer wheat left over the summer is the highest-risk host because it checks all the boxes for risk. The curl mites will reproduce rapidly on volunteer wheat. They are usually present right after harvest, may be left through fall planting, are susceptible to the viruses, and can build to high levels in the landscape. This is why the first line of defense against wheat streak will always be volunteer wheat management (ideally during wheat-free windows.Volunteer wheat can also “hide” in summer crops planted after wheat harvest, as well as cover crops, complicating the ability to determine the risk of other crops in the landscape. For example, if wheat that is harvested in June and grain sorghum (or corn and soybean) is planted into that same field after wheat harvest, secondary flushes of volunteer wheat will be difficult to control.Winter cereals planted early (during the wheat-free windows) for grazing or cover cropping may pose a risk for harboring curl mites. Species like barley, oats, rye, and triticale have all been shown to host both the mites and the virus at fairly high levels. When at all possible, early planting of these crops near fields that will be established with a fall wheat crop should be avoided. Including these crops in a summer cover crop mix can also be risky for bridging the curl mites and viruses to the fall wheat crop.To a lesser extent, corn and sorghum can also host the mite and virus complex. These crops are generally considered of low concern for epidemics in Kansas. Most of the research that we’ve reviewed has demonstrated that these crops are most conducive to curl mite survival during early growth stages. So, for example, corn/sorghum at a young stage when wheat is drying down would be at higher risk for curl mites than late-planted corn. It appears that curl mites are limited to corn husks later in the season and can result in symptoms of kernel red streak through feeding damage. Kernel red streak is generally considered a cosmetic issue in corn, but can serve as a sign that curl mites were present. Most commercial corn hybrids are resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus and High Plains wheat mosaic virus and will not experience yield losses to those viruses. Importantly, it appears that curl mite populations rapidly decline in the corn crop after the crop reaches black layer.Weedy grass hosts (detailed in Figure 2) are generally a lower concern, unless they are allowed to build to high levels and remain established through the summer months. Their role in epidemics is dictated by their abundance and the time they are allowed to persist in the landscape.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Revisiting role of other crops, weeds in Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Complex 

By MONIQUE KOERNERK-State Research and Extension

As backpacks are packed and school buses begin rolling, families across Kansas are preparing their children for another school year. While many are excited to return to the classroom, it’s also a great time to remember that school readiness begins long before a child walks through the doors of kindergarten.&nbsp;

The skills children need to succeed in school start developing from the day they are born. During the first five years of life, a child’s brain grows at an incredible pace, forming millions of connections that support language, learning, memory, and emotional development. Every conversation, bedtime story, song, and playful interaction helps build the foundation for future academic success.&nbsp;

Parents and caregivers are the first and most influential teachers. The good news is that preparing young children for school doesn’t require expensive educational toys or structured lessons. Some of the most meaningful learning happens during everyday routines.&nbsp;

Reading together is one of the best ways to prepare children for school. Whether it’s a favorite bedtime story or a picture book borrowed from the library, reading introduces children to new vocabulary, strengthens listening skills, and encourages curiosity. But even more than that, it can lay the foundation for social-emotional development, which is the basis for all learning. 

Creating attachment and learning about feelings can all happen while enjoying a book together.&nbsp;

As children head back to school—or prepare for the first classroom experience—families also face another important challenge: balancing technology with real-world interactions. Phones, tablets, television, and other digital devices are part of everyday life, but too much screen time can replace the face-to-face experience that young brains need most, especially for social-emotional development! 

Excessive screen time, particularly when it replaces face-to-face interactions with caregivers, has been associated with delays in language development, reduced attention, and fewer opportunities to build the social and communication skills that support healthy development.&nbsp;

Children learn best through responsive interactions with caring adults. Reading together, playing games, building with blocks, and having conversations stimulate brain development in ways that&nbsp;

Passive screen viewing cannot. Creating screen-free times during meals, before bedtime, and while reading helps families make the most of the valuable moments.&nbsp;

Adults also play an important role in modeling healthy technology habits. Setting phones aside during family time shows children that conversations and relationships matter. These shared experiences help children develop attention, communication, and social skills that support learning and emotional well-being.&nbsp;

This back-to-school season, consider making reading together part of your family’s daily routine. Just 15-20 minutes each day can help strengthen your child’s love of learning and create memories. It’s never too early to build strong literacy skills. The road to school success begins at home!&nbsp;

Learn more with K-State Fact Sheets: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/early-literacy-building-the-foundation-for-lifelong-learning-fact-sheet_MF3691">Early Literacy: Building the Foundation for Lifelong Learning</a>

<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/healthy-connections-the-developing-brain-meets-the-digital-world-fact-sheet_MF3733"> Healthy Connections: The Developing Brain Meets the Digital World</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District, courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District, courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNERK-State Research and ExtensionAs backpacks are packed and school buses begin rolling, families across Kansas are preparing their children for another school year. While many are excited to return to the classroom, it’s also a great time to remember that school readiness begins long before a child walks through the doors of kindergarten.&nbsp;The skills children need to succeed in school start developing from the day they are born. During the first five years of life, a child’s brain grows at an incredible pace, forming millions of connections that support language, learning, memory, and emotional development. Every conversation, bedtime story, song, and playful interaction helps build the foundation for future academic success.&nbsp;Parents and caregivers are the first and most influential teachers. The good news is that preparing young children for school doesn’t require expensive educational toys or structured lessons. Some of the most meaningful learning happens during everyday routines.&nbsp;Reading together is one of the best ways to prepare children for school. Whether it’s a favorite bedtime story or a picture book borrowed from the library, reading introduces children to new vocabulary, strengthens listening skills, and encourages curiosity. But even more than that, it can lay the foundation for social-emotional development, which is the basis for all learning. Creating attachment and learning about feelings can all happen while enjoying a book together.&nbsp;As children head back to school—or prepare for the first classroom experience—families also face another important challenge: balancing technology with real-world interactions. Phones, tablets, television, and other digital devices are part of everyday life, but too much screen time can replace the face-to-face experience that young brains need most, especially for social-emotional development! Excessive screen time, particularly when it replaces face-to-face interactions with caregivers, has been associated with delays in language development, reduced attention, and fewer opportunities to build the social and communication skills that support healthy development.&nbsp;Children learn best through responsive interactions with caring adults. Reading together, playing games, building with blocks, and having conversations stimulate brain development in ways that&nbsp;Passive screen viewing cannot. Creating screen-free times during meals, before bedtime, and while reading helps families make the most of the valuable moments.&nbsp;Adults also play an important role in modeling healthy technology habits. Setting phones aside during family time shows children that conversations and relationships matter. These shared experiences help children develop attention, communication, and social skills that support learning and emotional well-being.&nbsp;This back-to-school season, consider making reading together part of your family’s daily routine. Just 15-20 minutes each day can help strengthen your child’s love of learning and create memories. It’s never too early to build strong literacy skills. The road to school success begins at home!&nbsp;Learn more with K-State Fact Sheets: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/early-literacy-building-the-foundation-for-lifelong-learning-fact-sheet_MF3691">Early Literacy: Building the Foundation for Lifelong Learning</a><a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/healthy-connections-the-developing-brain-meets-the-digital-world-fact-sheet_MF3733"> Healthy Connections: The Developing Brain Meets the Digital World</a>

KOERNER: Back-to-School success starts long before first day

By MONIQUE KOERNER K-State Research and Extension

As I wrap up my fourth year as a Family Community Wellness Extension Agent with the Cottonwood District, I am grateful for the opportunity to reflect on how my work has grown, the impact our programs have had and the many partnerships that make this work possible.&nbsp;

It is hard to believe that I just finished up my fourth fair season. The time has flown by, and each year brings new opportunities to learn. This fair season I felt like I finally knew what was happening and what needed to be done, while also learning alongside our new 4-H Youth Development agent.&nbsp;

One of my favorite parts of the fair is seeing the creativity of youth and adults brought through their exhibits and watching the dedication of our young people in the livestock shows. This year, one young exhibitor had a particularly mischievous goat during one of the shows. I was so proud of him because even though the goat lived up to his reputation, the 4-Her stuck with it and got back up and finished the show. 

Isn’t that what life is all about? Continuing to get ourselves back up when life happens. The fair is more than ribbons and premiums as it teaches life skills such as perseverance, responsibility, and resilience.&nbsp;

While my programming continues to expand, some of the original programs I started with are picking up momentum that I never imagined. I’m happy to report that Stay Strong, Stay Healthy and Walk with Ease, have experienced record participation and expanded into new communities through outstanding local partnerships. I’m excited to continue building that success and look forward to introducing new opportunities related to Stay Strong in the future.&nbsp;

I have also had the privilege of bringing new programming to Ellis County and to K-State Extension with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment's Becoming a Mom program. We have been able to reach about 50 mothers, fathers, and support people in two years.&nbsp;

In addition, we have implemented a yearly Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower for the past two years and hope to continue this as an annual event to support new parents and families. This event doubled in attendance in the second year. My hope is that families are more prepared for the transition to parenthood with these programs.&nbsp;

None of this work would be possible without the incredible support of our community partners. Schools, hospitals, health departments, KIDS Network, Kansas Breastfeeding Coalition, KidLink, libraries, rec centers, etc all play an important role in making these programs&nbsp;

successful. Their collaboration allows us to reach more people and better serve the communities of Ellis and Barton Counties.&nbsp;

Over the past four years, I have had the privilege of offering, on average, 50 programs a year in the Cottonwood District and have had the opportunity to build many relationships with community members, organizations, and volunteers. Thank you for the opportunity to serve, and I look forward to the future.&nbsp;

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER K-State Research and ExtensionAs I wrap up my fourth year as a Family Community Wellness Extension Agent with the Cottonwood District, I am grateful for the opportunity to reflect on how my work has grown, the impact our programs have had and the many partnerships that make this work possible.&nbsp;It is hard to believe that I just finished up my fourth fair season. The time has flown by, and each year brings new opportunities to learn. This fair season I felt like I finally knew what was happening and what needed to be done, while also learning alongside our new 4-H Youth Development agent.&nbsp;One of my favorite parts of the fair is seeing the creativity of youth and adults brought through their exhibits and watching the dedication of our young people in the livestock shows. This year, one young exhibitor had a particularly mischievous goat during one of the shows. I was so proud of him because even though the goat lived up to his reputation, the 4-Her stuck with it and got back up and finished the show. Isn’t that what life is all about? Continuing to get ourselves back up when life happens. The fair is more than ribbons and premiums as it teaches life skills such as perseverance, responsibility, and resilience.&nbsp;While my programming continues to expand, some of the original programs I started with are picking up momentum that I never imagined. I’m happy to report that Stay Strong, Stay Healthy and Walk with Ease, have experienced record participation and expanded into new communities through outstanding local partnerships. I’m excited to continue building that success and look forward to introducing new opportunities related to Stay Strong in the future.&nbsp;I have also had the privilege of bringing new programming to Ellis County and to K-State Extension with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment's Becoming a Mom program. We have been able to reach about 50 mothers, fathers, and support people in two years.&nbsp;In addition, we have implemented a yearly Safe Sleep Community Baby Shower for the past two years and hope to continue this as an annual event to support new parents and families. This event doubled in attendance in the second year. My hope is that families are more prepared for the transition to parenthood with these programs.&nbsp;None of this work would be possible without the incredible support of our community partners. Schools, hospitals, health departments, KIDS Network, Kansas Breastfeeding Coalition, KidLink, libraries, rec centers, etc all play an important role in making these programs&nbsp;successful. Their collaboration allows us to reach more people and better serve the communities of Ellis and Barton Counties.&nbsp;Over the past four years, I have had the privilege of offering, on average, 50 programs a year in the Cottonwood District and have had the opportunity to build many relationships with community members, organizations, and volunteers. Thank you for the opportunity to serve, and I look forward to the future.&nbsp;Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu&nbsp;

KOERNER: 4th year highlights

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

Serving in Family Resource Management is important to me, reflecting the 20 years I spent working in retail banking.&nbsp;

When incomes are small, it doesn’t take much to push an already tight budget over the edge. If you don’t have a budget, it can make this even more difficult.&nbsp;

I love working with youth and young adults to help them make better financial decisions than I often did at 20 or 21.&nbsp;

4-H has several great financial curricula for different ages to assist in the discussion about needs vs wants, as well as setting up budgets and learning about banking. Wants vs needs is a hard topic that even adults don’t like to have, but starting in grade school can help kids build skills and knowledge that they will need to be successful later.&nbsp;

A good example is to discuss the grocery budget for the week or the month. For instance, does it include snacks, sodas, and pre-packaged items that really should be “extras”? I certainly like a cookie, but it needs to be at the end of my grocery list instead of the beginning of the available dollars.&nbsp;

Kids can help with all of these! It takes a little practice to help them understand that the same dollars spent on a box of cookies can stretch to provide many more items for basic needs such as rice or dry pasta.&nbsp;

When our kids were little, we started teaching them about spending and budgets with an envelope system.&nbsp;

The envelopes were labeled “save” - to go to their savings account at some point; “spend” - they could buy something as long as we were good with the purchase and it encouraged them to save toward something larger; and “give” which was for church or a charitable donation. More than once, they would stockpile the “give” envelope and use the money for an Angel tree gift, food bank donation, or something similar. When our oldest was little, he used his “give” funds to contribute to a sock and mitten drive at school.&nbsp;

Whatever method you use, it is never too early to start talking to your kids about how you budget, what your savings goals are, or how to put an envelope system into practice!&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictServing in Family Resource Management is important to me, reflecting the 20 years I spent working in retail banking.&nbsp;When incomes are small, it doesn’t take much to push an already tight budget over the edge. If you don’t have a budget, it can make this even more difficult.&nbsp;I love working with youth and young adults to help them make better financial decisions than I often did at 20 or 21.&nbsp;4-H has several great financial curricula for different ages to assist in the discussion about needs vs wants, as well as setting up budgets and learning about banking. Wants vs needs is a hard topic that even adults don’t like to have, but starting in grade school can help kids build skills and knowledge that they will need to be successful later.&nbsp;A good example is to discuss the grocery budget for the week or the month. For instance, does it include snacks, sodas, and pre-packaged items that really should be “extras”? I certainly like a cookie, but it needs to be at the end of my grocery list instead of the beginning of the available dollars.&nbsp;Kids can help with all of these! It takes a little practice to help them understand that the same dollars spent on a box of cookies can stretch to provide many more items for basic needs such as rice or dry pasta.&nbsp;When our kids were little, we started teaching them about spending and budgets with an envelope system.&nbsp;The envelopes were labeled “save” - to go to their savings account at some point; “spend” - they could buy something as long as we were good with the purchase and it encouraged them to save toward something larger; and “give” which was for church or a charitable donation. More than once, they would stockpile the “give” envelope and use the money for an Angel tree gift, food bank donation, or something similar. When our oldest was little, he used his “give” funds to contribute to a sock and mitten drive at school.&nbsp;Whatever method you use, it is never too early to start talking to your kids about how you budget, what your savings goals are, or how to put an envelope system into practice!&nbsp;Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

BERAN: Making money make cents

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Volunteer Control Will Be Essential in 2026&nbsp;

I am writing a series of articles about the wheat streak mosaic virus complex. Last week’s article was an overview of the mosaic virus complex and how curl mites vector and spread the virus from volunteer wheat. This week’s article will be an overview of how critical controlling volunteer wheat is to lessen the burden of spreading the three different mosaic viruses.&nbsp;

There are two critical periods for volunteer control: immediately after harvest and prior to fall planting. Volunteer wheat present at harvest is an ideal habitat for curl mite populations to migrate as the crop dries down. In addition to hosting curl mite, volunteer wheat also hosts aphids (transmit barley yellow dwarf virus) and hessian fly. Controlling this volunteer wheat as soon as possible will help dilute the mite populations heading into the remaining summer months. The second most critical window is pre-planting, as mites present at this time will migrate directly to the 2027crop.&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extensions updated recommendation for volunteer wheat control includes regional recommendations for wheat-free windows--figure 2, formally known as (Hessian fly best pest management planting date). These windows include a period of 30 days prior to the start of the optimal winter wheat planting window by zone in Kansas. As the wheat curl mite is a community pest, coordinated breaks in volunteer wheat will have the highest likelihood of lowering local and statewide mite levels moving into our 2026 optimal planting date periods. 

Volunteer wheat that emerges after the fall crop is already established poses a lower risk as a green bridge and can be thought of in a similar way as the fall crop. Fall wheat planted early during wheat-free windows risks bridging wheat curl mite to the fall-established crop.

All volunteer wheat should be terminated and completely dead prior to the start of your regional wheat-free window.&nbsp;

Where possible, the fall wheat crop should not be planted until the end of the wheat-free window.&nbsp;

· Other winter cereals (such as rye and triticale) should not be planted during this period, as they can serve as a “bridge” for the curl mites to fall-established wheat&nbsp;

· A regional “break” in the volunteer wheat green bridge will allow for wheat curl mites to die off prior to the start of the optimal wheat planting window.&nbsp;

· Volunteer wheat that emerges after this period is of less concern, as it will be emerging at a similar time as the fall-established winter wheat crop.&nbsp;

· Success depends on coordinated efforts within communities.&nbsp;

Revisiting Herbicide Recommendations for Volunteer Wheat Management - the time it takes for wheat to die off after an herbicide application will influence the number of mites that persist and the ability of those mites to migrate off the slowly dying wheat. 

Research conducted at K-State in a greenhouse study revealed that curl mite populations three days after an application of paraquat where much lower compared to glyphosate, and after 6 days only a few mites existed from the paraquat treatment compared to 60 mites with a glyphosate treatment.&nbsp;

Glyphosate is the most recommended herbicide for volunteer wheat control in wheat stubble. While it is a very cost-effective option, it has a drawback in terms of managing the risk of wheat streak mosaic complex. Glyphosate takes up to two weeks to kill plants, which means wheat curl mite populations will continue to build on glyphosate-treated volunteer wheat. 

Furthermore, the mites will have sufficient time to migrate to the tops of plants and assume a “dispersal posture” after a glyphosate application. Herbicides that act more rapidly, such as paraquat, are more effective at managing the wheat curl mite populations. Another option to increase the rate of desiccation would be to include saflufenacil (Sharpen) or tiafenacil (Reviton) in the glyphosate application.&nbsp;

Adding an herbicide with residual activity will also be helpful. Products that will control or suppress volunteer wheat include atrazine, metribuzin, and sulfentrazone (Spartan). In addition to providing residual activity, atrazine and metribuzin can be used to enhance paraquat activity.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District, Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District, Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictVolunteer Control Will Be Essential in 2026&nbsp;I am writing a series of articles about the wheat streak mosaic virus complex. Last week’s article was an overview of the mosaic virus complex and how curl mites vector and spread the virus from volunteer wheat. This week’s article will be an overview of how critical controlling volunteer wheat is to lessen the burden of spreading the three different mosaic viruses.&nbsp;There are two critical periods for volunteer control: immediately after harvest and prior to fall planting. Volunteer wheat present at harvest is an ideal habitat for curl mite populations to migrate as the crop dries down. In addition to hosting curl mite, volunteer wheat also hosts aphids (transmit barley yellow dwarf virus) and hessian fly. Controlling this volunteer wheat as soon as possible will help dilute the mite populations heading into the remaining summer months. The second most critical window is pre-planting, as mites present at this time will migrate directly to the 2027crop.&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extensions updated recommendation for volunteer wheat control includes regional recommendations for wheat-free windows--figure 2, formally known as (Hessian fly best pest management planting date). These windows include a period of 30 days prior to the start of the optimal winter wheat planting window by zone in Kansas. As the wheat curl mite is a community pest, coordinated breaks in volunteer wheat will have the highest likelihood of lowering local and statewide mite levels moving into our 2026 optimal planting date periods. Volunteer wheat that emerges after the fall crop is already established poses a lower risk as a green bridge and can be thought of in a similar way as the fall crop. Fall wheat planted early during wheat-free windows risks bridging wheat curl mite to the fall-established crop.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/7/1785510534665.png" alt="Courtesy photo from Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo from Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>All volunteer wheat should be terminated and completely dead prior to the start of your regional wheat-free window.&nbsp;Where possible, the fall wheat crop should not be planted until the end of the wheat-free window.&nbsp;· Other winter cereals (such as rye and triticale) should not be planted during this period, as they can serve as a “bridge” for the curl mites to fall-established wheat&nbsp;· A regional “break” in the volunteer wheat green bridge will allow for wheat curl mites to die off prior to the start of the optimal wheat planting window.&nbsp;· Volunteer wheat that emerges after this period is of less concern, as it will be emerging at a similar time as the fall-established winter wheat crop.&nbsp;· Success depends on coordinated efforts within communities.&nbsp;Revisiting Herbicide Recommendations for Volunteer Wheat Management - the time it takes for wheat to die off after an herbicide application will influence the number of mites that persist and the ability of those mites to migrate off the slowly dying wheat. Research conducted at K-State in a greenhouse study revealed that curl mite populations three days after an application of paraquat where much lower compared to glyphosate, and after 6 days only a few mites existed from the paraquat treatment compared to 60 mites with a glyphosate treatment.&nbsp;Glyphosate is the most recommended herbicide for volunteer wheat control in wheat stubble. While it is a very cost-effective option, it has a drawback in terms of managing the risk of wheat streak mosaic complex. Glyphosate takes up to two weeks to kill plants, which means wheat curl mite populations will continue to build on glyphosate-treated volunteer wheat. Furthermore, the mites will have sufficient time to migrate to the tops of plants and assume a “dispersal posture” after a glyphosate application. Herbicides that act more rapidly, such as paraquat, are more effective at managing the wheat curl mite populations. Another option to increase the rate of desiccation would be to include saflufenacil (Sharpen) or tiafenacil (Reviton) in the glyphosate application.&nbsp;Adding an herbicide with residual activity will also be helpful. Products that will control or suppress volunteer wheat include atrazine, metribuzin, and sulfentrazone (Spartan). In addition to providing residual activity, atrazine and metribuzin can be used to enhance paraquat activity.

CAMPBELL: Volunteer control will be essential in 2026

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;

It’s common for vegetables like squash, cucumbers and melons to produce flowers but no fruit, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan.

“Most squash, cucumbers and melons have separate male and female flowers on each plant,” McKernan said. “Female flowers have a swollen area beneath the petals while male flowers have a narrow base. Usually, predominately male flowers appear first in the growing season, with the number of female flowers increasing after a few weeks of flowers.”

McKernan suggests checking garden plants to see if both flower types are present. If male and female flowers are present, observe the area for pollinators.

“If few to no pollinators are present, vegetables with separate male and female flowers may not produce fruit due to lack of pollination,” McKernan said.

To pollinate the flowers, use a paintbrush to transfer pollen from a male flower to the stigma of the female flower. McKernan recommends marking that flower and making note of whether it is the only one that sets fruit. If this is the case, the problem is likely a lack of pollinators.

He added that pollinator activity can be inhibited by weather.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2026/7/1784749528347.jpeg" alt="Squash blossom. Photo courtesy University of Maryland Extension&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Squash blossom. Photo courtesy University of Maryland Extension&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;It’s common for vegetables like squash, cucumbers and melons to produce flowers but no fruit, said Kansas State University horticulture expert Matt McKernan.“Most squash, cucumbers and melons have separate male and female flowers on each plant,” McKernan said. “Female flowers have a swollen area beneath the petals while male flowers have a narrow base. Usually, predominately male flowers appear first in the growing season, with the number of female flowers increasing after a few weeks of flowers.”McKernan suggests checking garden plants to see if both flower types are present. If male and female flowers are present, observe the area for pollinators.“If few to no pollinators are present, vegetables with separate male and female flowers may not produce fruit due to lack of pollination,” McKernan said.To pollinate the flowers, use a paintbrush to transfer pollen from a male flower to the stigma of the female flower. McKernan recommends marking that flower and making note of whether it is the only one that sets fruit. If this is the case, the problem is likely a lack of pollinators.He added that pollinator activity can be inhibited by weather.“Pollinators are less active on cold or rainy days. The use of insecticides can also harm pollinators. If pesticides are used in the garden, apply them in the evening when pollinators are less active and the flowers have closed for the day,” McKernan said.Additionally, high temperatures can cause vegetables to drop their blossoms prematurely.“Tomatoes will stop producing fruit in temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Production will resume once temperatures decrease,” he said.McKernan said it is important to ensure plants are receiving adequate water during this time.“Applying nitrogen promotes vigorous vegetative growth. However, excessive amounts can inhibit flower and fruit production. Follow fertilizer recommendations to avoid this,” he said.“It is also very important to provide adequate sunlight and consistent moisture to vegetable plants,” McKernan added. “Too much shade can limit flower production, and dry soils also can lead to blossom drop. Over watering and under watering can both lead to root damage, limiting water uptake needed for good fruit set. Monitor soil moisture closely, especially when vegetables are grown in containers.”McKernan and his colleagues in K-State's Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources produce a weekly <a href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/horticulture-resource-center/horticulture-newsletter/">Horticulture Newsletter</a> with tips for maintaining home landscapes and gardens. The newsletter is available to <a href="https://hnr.k-state.edu/extension/horticulture-resource-center/horticulture-newsletter/">view online</a> or can be delivered by email each week.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.