By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

With over 80 years of experience serving producers, the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) maintains a long-term commitment to Kansas agriculture, by building strong relationships with ag producers. 

Twenty-four KFMA economists, strategically located around the state who are part of the Department of K-State Agricultural Economics, comprise the professional staff of the KFMA program. The economists/fieldmen work cooperatively with farm families to provide members with production and financial management information for use in decision making.

The primary goal of the KFMA program is to provide each member with information that can be used to help make farm and family decisions. KFMA Economists assist producers by providing the following information and services:

If you would like further information about becoming a member of KFMA visit <a href="https://www.agmanager.info/kfma">https://www.agmanager.info/kfma</a> or contact Mark Dikeman, KFMA Director at 785-532-0516, dikemanm@ksu.edu or you can contact your local county or district Extension office and they can put you in contact too with KFMA.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/11/1762280893453.jpeg" alt="Kansas Farm Management Association&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Kansas Farm Management Association&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictWith over 80 years of experience serving producers, the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) maintains a long-term commitment to Kansas agriculture, by building strong relationships with ag producers. Twenty-four KFMA economists, strategically located around the state who are part of the Department of K-State Agricultural Economics, comprise the professional staff of the KFMA program. The economists/fieldmen work cooperatively with farm families to provide members with production and financial management information for use in decision making.The primary goal of the KFMA program is to provide each member with information that can be used to help make farm and family decisions. KFMA Economists assist producers by providing the following information and services:<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/11/1762280704581.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>If you would like further information about becoming a member of KFMA visit <a href="https://www.agmanager.info/kfma">https://www.agmanager.info/kfma</a> or contact Mark Dikeman, KFMA Director at 785-532-0516, dikemanm@ksu.edu or you can contact your local county or district Extension office and they can put you in contact too with KFMA.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Kansas Farm Management Association maintains long-term commitment to Kansas ag

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Nominate a deserving Kansas producer or landowner for the&nbsp;2025 Kansas Bankers Association Conservation Awards Program. This year, the Kansas Bankers Association, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks have announced six award categories:&nbsp;&nbsp;

This program aims to stimulate a greater interest in conserving Kansas's agricultural and natural resources by recognizing farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. 

In 2024, 110 Kansas producers and landowners were recognized through this program.

Submit your nomination to the Cottonwood Extension office in Great Bend for Barton County residents as soon as possible. 

A committee of conservation professionals will submit the names of the selected recipients to the K-State Agronomy Extension office (or KDWPT for Wildlife Award) by December 5, 2025.

For more information, see:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/">https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/</a>.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682229509.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor&nbsp;is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictNominate a deserving Kansas producer or landowner for the&nbsp;2025 Kansas Bankers Association Conservation Awards Program. This year, the Kansas Bankers Association, K-State Research and Extension, and the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks have announced six award categories:&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/11/1762280357253.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>This program aims to stimulate a greater interest in conserving Kansas's agricultural and natural resources by recognizing farmers and landowners who have made outstanding progress in practicing conservation on their farms. In 2024, 110 Kansas producers and landowners were recognized through this program.Submit your nomination to the Cottonwood Extension office in Great Bend for Barton County residents as soon as possible. A committee of conservation professionals will submit the names of the selected recipients to the K-State Agronomy Extension office (or KDWPT for Wildlife Award) by December 5, 2025.For more information, see:&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/">https://www.agronomy.k-state.edu/extension/kansas-bankers-award/</a>.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Nominations open for 2025 Conservation Awards Program

Voter turnout Register voters-20,483 Voted as of Election Day-4,620 Voter turnout-22.56%

All precincts reporting. W=Winner pending canvass.

Hays City Commission 2 four-year terms; 1 two-year term Reese Barrick-1137 Shaun Musil-1772-W David Vilaysing-1340-W Candace (CJ) Hathaway-467 Sandy Jacobs-1542-W Samuel Allen-165 Justin Choitz-204 Kelly Ancar-744 David Koshiol-1277

See the Hays Post for a story on this race on Wednesday.

Hays USD 489 3 at-large positions Ken Brooks-1948-W Curt C. Vajnar-2531-W Craig Pallister-1948-W Meagan Zampieri-Lillpopp-1294 Kelly Ancar-1603

Ellis City Mayor 1 position Devin D. Henderson-111 Martin V. LaBarge-209-W

Ellis City Treasurer 1 position Amanda M. Shannon-378-W

Ellis City Councilmember 3 at large&nbsp;positions John A. Walz-315-W David R. McDaniel-250-W Kevin LaBarge-275-W

Schoenchen Mayor 1 position Kevin Bieker-32-W

Schoenchen City Councilmember 5&nbsp;Positions Jim Mowry-29-W

Victoria City Mayor 1 position John Schulte-178-W

Victoria Councilmember 3 positions Ryan Lichter-155-W Matthew L Sander-170-W

USD 432-Victoria 3 District at-Large positions Shanna Dinkel-201-W Jacob Hunter-101 Connie Braun-216-W Jeanna Wellbrock-96 Jennifer Berens-188-W

USD 388-Ellis 3 at large positions 1 unexpired term (2 years) NO CANDIDATES ON THE BALLOT

Big Creek Improvement District 3 Director&nbsp;positions Duane F. Kuhn-41-W Keith Schmidt-25 Larry Leiker-39-W Casey F Herrman-29-W

Munjor Improvement District 3 Director&nbsp;positions Darold F Younker-20-W

Prairie Acres Improvement District 3&nbsp;Director positions Shane Gregg-14-W Kevin Zimmer-20-W Bradley Stewart-15-W Bill Wierman-1

Suburban Estates Improvement District 3&nbsp;Director positions NO CANDIDATES ON THE BALLOT

Cottonwood Extension District No. 17 2 board positions Donna Maskus-3259-W Dinah Newman-1834-W

Write-in candidates will be calculated starting on Wednesday, and winners will be announced as soon as they become available.

The canvass to certify the official election results will be at 8:30 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 12, at the Ellis County Administration Center in the county commission meeting room.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/5/1747092483078.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Voter turnout Register voters-20,483 Voted as of Election Day-4,620 Voter turnout-22.56%All precincts reporting. W=Winner pending canvass.Hays City Commission 2 four-year terms; 1 two-year term Reese Barrick-1137 Shaun Musil-1772-W David Vilaysing-1340-W Candace (CJ) Hathaway-467 Sandy Jacobs-1542-W Samuel Allen-165 Justin Choitz-204 Kelly Ancar-744 David Koshiol-1277See the Hays Post for a story on this race on Wednesday.Hays USD 489 3 at-large positions Ken Brooks-1948-W Curt C. Vajnar-2531-W Craig Pallister-1948-W Meagan Zampieri-Lillpopp-1294 Kelly Ancar-1603 See the Hays Post for a story on this race on Wednesday.Ellis City Mayor 1 position Devin D. Henderson-111 Martin V. LaBarge-209-WEllis City Treasurer 1 position Amanda M. Shannon-378-WEllis City Councilmember 3 at large&nbsp;positions John A. Walz-315-W David R. McDaniel-250-W Kevin LaBarge-275-W Schoenchen Mayor 1 position Kevin Bieker-32-WSchoenchen City Councilmember 5&nbsp;Positions Jim Mowry-29-W Victoria City Mayor 1 position John Schulte-178-W Victoria Councilmember 3 positions Ryan Lichter-155-W Matthew L Sander-170-WUSD 432-Victoria 3 District at-Large positions Shanna Dinkel-201-W Jacob Hunter-101 Connie Braun-216-W Jeanna Wellbrock-96 Jennifer Berens-188-WUSD 388-Ellis 3 at large positions 1 unexpired term (2 years) NO CANDIDATES ON THE BALLOTBig Creek Improvement District 3 Director&nbsp;positions Duane F. Kuhn-41-W Keith Schmidt-25 Larry Leiker-39-W Casey F Herrman-29-WMunjor Improvement District 3 Director&nbsp;positions Darold F Younker-20-WPrairie Acres Improvement District 3&nbsp;Director positions Shane Gregg-14-W Kevin Zimmer-20-W Bradley Stewart-15-W Bill Wierman-1Suburban Estates Improvement District 3&nbsp;Director positions NO CANDIDATES ON THE BALLOTCottonwood Extension District No. 17 2 board positions Donna Maskus-3259-W Dinah Newman-1834-W Write-in candidates will be calculated starting on Wednesday, and winners will be announced as soon as they become available.The canvass to certify the official election results will be at 8:30 a.m. Wednesday, Nov. 12, at the Ellis County Administration Center in the county commission meeting room.

Election results 2025: Final results pending canvas

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

Keeping track of financial records can make life easier and more efficient for you. If the event of an emergency, having family members who know how and where to access your records can be a huge help! Stop for a moment and think: Do you know where all your records are located? Would someone else know in case of your injury or death?

Records should be accessible when needed and stored in a safe place. Receipts, documentation, proofs of ownership and identification may be necessary to collect insurance, pension, or retirement benefits, to receive military compensation, and to solve tax or inheritance problems.

This can feel like an overwhelming task but K-State Extension has a great resource to help you collect and document the important information you may need. You can access the document at <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/o">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/our-valuable-records_MF685.pdf </a>or stop by the office and we’ll print one off for you.

This document provides space to record everything from bank and investment accounts to health and life insurance information as well as property ownership and tax and legal advisors.

Gathering the information into one place can also be a great time to review ownership and beneficiaries as life can change and the time to change these is not in the midst of a medical emergency. While these discussions can be tough, the Our Valuable Records document can also be a great tool to hold that conversation.

No matter what tool that you use to document your financial records, keeping a copy in a safe or safety deposit box is an important step to protect your sensitive financial information.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668177490614.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is&nbsp;a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is&nbsp;a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictKeeping track of financial records can make life easier and more efficient for you. If the event of an emergency, having family members who know how and where to access your records can be a huge help! Stop for a moment and think: Do you know where all your records are located? Would someone else know in case of your injury or death?Records should be accessible when needed and stored in a safe place. Receipts, documentation, proofs of ownership and identification may be necessary to collect insurance, pension, or retirement benefits, to receive military compensation, and to solve tax or inheritance problems.This can feel like an overwhelming task but K-State Extension has a great resource to help you collect and document the important information you may need. You can access the document at <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/o">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/our-valuable-records_MF685.pdf </a>or stop by the office and we’ll print one off for you.This document provides space to record everything from bank and investment accounts to health and life insurance information as well as property ownership and tax and legal advisors.Gathering the information into one place can also be a great time to review ownership and beneficiaries as life can change and the time to change these is not in the midst of a medical emergency. While these discussions can be tough, the Our Valuable Records document can also be a great tool to hold that conversation.No matter what tool that you use to document your financial records, keeping a copy in a safe or safety deposit box is an important step to protect your sensitive financial information.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is a Family and Community Wellness Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other K-State Extension resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Financial recordkeeping for an easier, more efficient life

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Over the past several decades, researchers across the country have recognized the strong correlation between parents’ and caregivers’ educational attainment and children’s educational outcomes. We know that families thrive when they learn together

Back in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate November 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 29 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each November

Encouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.

Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissors

While libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five. They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.

Contact: Ken Marston Phone: 620-792-2409 Fax: Email: kmarston@greatbendpl.info

Contact: Brenda Urban Phone: 785-623-2430 Fax: 785-623-2432 Email: burban@usd489.com

And if you are looking for other literacy activities check out our 2026 Annual Lesson, <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/early-literacy-building-the-foundation-for-lifelong-learning-fact-sheet_MF3691">Early Literacy: Building the Foundation of Life Long Learning.</a>

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictOver the past several decades, researchers across the country have recognized the strong correlation between parents’ and caregivers’ educational attainment and children’s educational outcomes. We know that families thrive when they learn togetherBack in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate November 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 29 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each NovemberEncouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissorsNot only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissorsWhile libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five. They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.<h2>United Way of Central Kansas</h2>1409 WILLIAMS ST GREAT BEND KS 67530Contact: Ken Marston Phone: 620-792-2409 Fax: Email: kmarston@greatbendpl.info<h2>Ellis County Imagination Library</h2>2501 E 13TH ST HAYS KS 67601Contact: Brenda Urban Phone: 785-623-2430 Fax: 785-623-2432 Email: burban@usd489.comAnd if you are looking for other literacy activities check out our 2026 Annual Lesson, <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/item/early-literacy-building-the-foundation-for-lifelong-learning-fact-sheet_MF3691">Early Literacy: Building the Foundation of Life Long Learning.</a>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: November-National Family Literacy Month

By&nbsp;TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension District

The 95th Annual 4-H Achievement Banquet was held on October 25, 2025, at the Ellis County Fairgrounds in Hays, honoring Ellis County 4-H members. The event was attended by 137 4-H members, their families, and special guests. The banquet, sponsored by the Ellis County 4-H Council, recognized the achievements of all local 4-H members, leaders, and supporters.

Before the evening’s recognitions began, attendees enjoyed a lively Hula-Hooping Contest that brought plenty of laughter and friendly competition. Participants paid $1 to enter and competed in four age divisions: Juniors (8 and younger), Intermediates (9–13), Seniors (14–18), and Adults (19 and older). Contestants showcased their best hula-hooping skills to see who could keep their hoop spinning the longest, with the last participant standing in each division taking home bragging rights and a prize generously donated by Pat and Diane Kuhn. Winners included Tucker Neher, Brynlee Walter, Audrey Yarmer and Janelle Bott.

Each 4-H club also recognized outstanding members for their achievements this year. Outstanding Seniors and Juniors recognized by each club include:

Big Creek Astros: Isaac Moreno and Brody Armbrister

Buckeye Junior Farmers: Keeli Kimzey and Audrey Yarmer

Ellis Sunflowers: Colton Metzler and Clara Still

Gemini Juniors: Mariella Dreiling and Ashlynn Erickson

Good Hope: Jaiden Pfannenstiel and Jacob Leiker

Shooting Sports: Morgan Munsch and Eli Meis

Victoria Vikings: Ella Neher and Esther Neher

Among the club honorees, Mariella Dreiling and Morgan Munsch were named overall Senior winners, while Jacob Leiker and Eli Meis were named overall Junior winners.

The purple club seal is the highest possible level a 4-H club can achieve in the Kansas 4-H program. In order to attain a purple seal this year, clubs had to meet 18-21 of the listed goals. Purple Club Seals awards were presented to the following clubs: Buckeye Jr. Farmers, Ellis Sunflowers, and Shooting Sports.

Keeli Kimzey and Lizzy Vajnar received the National ‘I Dare You’ Leadership Award, recognizing personal integrity, balanced living, and leadership potential. Each received a copy of Danforth’s inspirational book I Dare You. Keeli is described by her reference as “an extremely gifted and motivated young woman” and “an incredibly kind leader and role model.” Lizzy’s reference notes she is “always pleasant, easy to work with, and acts mature and professional during public events.”

The Kansas Key Award, presented to the top 10% of Kansas 4-H members demonstrating exceptional leadership, was awarded to Keeli Kimzey. Recipients must complete four years in the 4-H Leadership project and achieve nine of eleven state leadership goals.

Keeli Kimzey and Lizzy Vajnar were also named 2025 Rosemary Smith 4-H Scholarship recipients. The award, given in memory of longtime 4-H leader Rosemary Smith, recognizes members who have significantly contributed to promoting 4-H at multiple levels. Keeli has served in leadership roles within the Buckeye Junior Farmers and coached the Special Olympics Show at the Kansas State Fair. Lizzy has served as Ellis County 4-H Council Treasurer, participated with the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Water Ambassadors, and held leadership positions in the Good Hope and Growing Leaders 4-H Clubs.

Intermediates receiving 1st Gold Certificates for their Project Record books were Brynlee Walter – Beef, Foods and Nutrition, Photography and Sheep, Cannon Vajnar – Entomology, Audrey Yarmer – Health &amp; Wellness and Poultry, Karci Kimzey – Horse. Senior division 1st Golds include Lizzy Vajnar - Communications, Keeli Kimzey- Horse, and Faith Schmeidler- Leadership. The Senior winners will have the opportunity to advance to the NW Area competition in January.

Each 4-H Club in the county has the opportunity to nominate a business and an individual who they feel have gone above and beyond the call of duty to help Ellis Co. 4-H. The Ellis Co. 4-H Council makes the final decision on who to recognize as a “Friend of 4-H”.

This year’s individual Friend of 4-H is Amy Bainter, nominated by the Victoria Vikings and Ellis Sunflowers clubs. Amy dedicates countless hours running the 4-H Food Stand at the Ellis County Fair, mentoring members in food safety, customer service, and responsibility. Her leadership fosters an environment where youth can learn, grow, and take pride in their contributions, making her an invaluable member of the 4-H community. Amy is truly a Friend of 4-H for the Ellis Co. 4-H Program!

This year’s business Friend of 4-H is Ellis County Farm Bureau, nominated by the Ellis Sunflowers 4-H Club. Ellis County Farm Bureau is an incredible friend to the 4-H program. By sponsoring the livestock auction meal, they help incentivize prospective buyers to see the hard work the kids have put into their projects. Providing water all week for the 4-Hers is a small but meaningful way to show the kids, “we are thinking of you.” They also support many “Ag in the Classroom” projects throughout the county, helping young people understand the work of farmers and ranchers. For these reasons, Ellis County Farm Bureau is highly deserving of being named the 2025 Business Friend of 4-H.

The Beyond Ready Wildcat recognition honors 8th grade 4-H members for their commitment to leadership, service, and personal growth. This year, 23 Ellis Co. 4-H members were recognized for demonstrating the skills and character developed through their 4-H experiences, qualities that prepare them for success in high school, college, and life. The recognition also highlights their connection to Kansas State University, where many may continue their journey as Wildcats. Each recipient received a letter and certificate signed by K-State President Richard Linton and a Willie the Wildcat pin in recognition of their readiness for the future. Kansas 4-H, as part of K-State’s land-grant mission, is proud to celebrate these youth who embody responsibility, curiosity, and a commitment to “make the best better.”

All Ellis County 4-H members present received a certificate of completion for the 2024-2025 4-H Program Year. First-year Cloverbuds (youth ages 5 and 6) received a pin lanyard, while second-year Cloverbuds were awarded a special Cloverbud pin. Those who met the criteria were also awarded membership pins based on their years and level of involvement in local and statewide 4-H activities. Club leaders and Shooting Sports instructors were recognized for their dedication to the program. Congratulations and thank you to these individuals for their dedication to and support of Ellis County 4-H youth.

The evening concluded with the 4-H Scholarship &amp; Development Committee hosting a silent and live auction to raise funds for 4-H activities and senior scholarships. To donate, please contact the Cottonwood Extension District Office at 785-628-9430.

Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with K-State Research and Extension, in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Tamara at tarobertson@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Ellis County Office at 785-628-9430.

All K-State Research and Extension educational programs and materials available without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/3/1741105651681.jpeg" alt="Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By&nbsp;TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe 95th Annual 4-H Achievement Banquet was held on October 25, 2025, at the Ellis County Fairgrounds in Hays, honoring Ellis County 4-H members. The event was attended by 137 4-H members, their families, and special guests. The banquet, sponsored by the Ellis County 4-H Council, recognized the achievements of all local 4-H members, leaders, and supporters.Before the evening’s recognitions began, attendees enjoyed a lively Hula-Hooping Contest that brought plenty of laughter and friendly competition. Participants paid $1 to enter and competed in four age divisions: Juniors (8 and younger), Intermediates (9–13), Seniors (14–18), and Adults (19 and older). Contestants showcased their best hula-hooping skills to see who could keep their hoop spinning the longest, with the last participant standing in each division taking home bragging rights and a prize generously donated by Pat and Diane Kuhn. Winners included Tucker Neher, Brynlee Walter, Audrey Yarmer and Janelle Bott.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761771050386.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Each 4-H club also recognized outstanding members for their achievements this year. Outstanding Seniors and Juniors recognized by each club include:Big Creek Astros: Isaac Moreno and Brody ArmbristerBuckeye Junior Farmers: Keeli Kimzey and Audrey YarmerEllis Sunflowers: Colton Metzler and Clara StillGemini Juniors: Mariella Dreiling and Ashlynn EricksonGood Hope: Jaiden Pfannenstiel and Jacob LeikerShooting Sports: Morgan Munsch and Eli MeisVictoria Vikings: Ella Neher and Esther NeherAmong the club honorees, Mariella Dreiling and Morgan Munsch were named overall Senior winners, while Jacob Leiker and Eli Meis were named overall Junior winners.The purple club seal is the highest possible level a 4-H club can achieve in the Kansas 4-H program. In order to attain a purple seal this year, clubs had to meet 18-21 of the listed goals. Purple Club Seals awards were presented to the following clubs: Buckeye Jr. Farmers, Ellis Sunflowers, and Shooting Sports.Keeli Kimzey and Lizzy Vajnar received the National ‘I Dare You’ Leadership Award, recognizing personal integrity, balanced living, and leadership potential. Each received a copy of Danforth’s inspirational book I Dare You. Keeli is described by her reference as “an extremely gifted and motivated young woman” and “an incredibly kind leader and role model.” Lizzy’s reference notes she is “always pleasant, easy to work with, and acts mature and professional during public events.”The Kansas Key Award, presented to the top 10% of Kansas 4-H members demonstrating exceptional leadership, was awarded to Keeli Kimzey. Recipients must complete four years in the 4-H Leadership project and achieve nine of eleven state leadership goals.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761771142648.jpeg" alt="Keeli Kimzey. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Keeli Kimzey. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761771411172.jpeg" alt="thumbnail_Rosemary Smith Scholarships.jpg" />
 <figcaption>thumbnail_Rosemary Smith Scholarships.jpg</figcaption>
 </figure>Keeli Kimzey and Lizzy Vajnar were also named 2025 Rosemary Smith 4-H Scholarship recipients. The award, given in memory of longtime 4-H leader Rosemary Smith, recognizes members who have significantly contributed to promoting 4-H at multiple levels. Keeli has served in leadership roles within the Buckeye Junior Farmers and coached the Special Olympics Show at the Kansas State Fair. Lizzy has served as Ellis County 4-H Council Treasurer, participated with the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Water Ambassadors, and held leadership positions in the Good Hope and Growing Leaders 4-H Clubs.Intermediates receiving 1st Gold Certificates for their Project Record books were Brynlee Walter – Beef, Foods and Nutrition, Photography and Sheep, Cannon Vajnar – Entomology, Audrey Yarmer – Health &amp; Wellness and Poultry, Karci Kimzey – Horse. Senior division 1st Golds include Lizzy Vajnar - Communications, Keeli Kimzey- Horse, and Faith Schmeidler- Leadership. The Senior winners will have the opportunity to advance to the NW Area competition in January.Each 4-H Club in the county has the opportunity to nominate a business and an individual who they feel have gone above and beyond the call of duty to help Ellis Co. 4-H. The Ellis Co. 4-H Council makes the final decision on who to recognize as a “Friend of 4-H”.This year’s individual Friend of 4-H is Amy Bainter, nominated by the Victoria Vikings and Ellis Sunflowers clubs. Amy dedicates countless hours running the 4-H Food Stand at the Ellis County Fair, mentoring members in food safety, customer service, and responsibility. Her leadership fosters an environment where youth can learn, grow, and take pride in their contributions, making her an invaluable member of the 4-H community. Amy is truly a Friend of 4-H for the Ellis Co. 4-H Program!This year’s business Friend of 4-H is Ellis County Farm Bureau, nominated by the Ellis Sunflowers 4-H Club. Ellis County Farm Bureau is an incredible friend to the 4-H program. By sponsoring the livestock auction meal, they help incentivize prospective buyers to see the hard work the kids have put into their projects. Providing water all week for the 4-Hers is a small but meaningful way to show the kids, “we are thinking of you.” They also support many “Ag in the Classroom” projects throughout the county, helping young people understand the work of farmers and ranchers. For these reasons, Ellis County Farm Bureau is highly deserving of being named the 2025 Business Friend of 4-H.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761771006601.jpeg" alt="thumbnail_Friend of 4-H Business.jpg" />
 <figcaption>thumbnail_Friend of 4-H Business.jpg</figcaption>
 </figure>The Beyond Ready Wildcat recognition honors 8th grade 4-H members for their commitment to leadership, service, and personal growth. This year, 23 Ellis Co. 4-H members were recognized for demonstrating the skills and character developed through their 4-H experiences, qualities that prepare them for success in high school, college, and life. The recognition also highlights their connection to Kansas State University, where many may continue their journey as Wildcats. Each recipient received a letter and certificate signed by K-State President Richard Linton and a Willie the Wildcat pin in recognition of their readiness for the future. Kansas 4-H, as part of K-State’s land-grant mission, is proud to celebrate these youth who embody responsibility, curiosity, and a commitment to “make the best better.”All Ellis County 4-H members present received a certificate of completion for the 2024-2025 4-H Program Year. First-year Cloverbuds (youth ages 5 and 6) received a pin lanyard, while second-year Cloverbuds were awarded a special Cloverbud pin. Those who met the criteria were also awarded membership pins based on their years and level of involvement in local and statewide 4-H activities. Club leaders and Shooting Sports instructors were recognized for their dedication to the program. Congratulations and thank you to these individuals for their dedication to and support of Ellis County 4-H youth.The evening concluded with the 4-H Scholarship &amp; Development Committee hosting a silent and live auction to raise funds for 4-H activities and senior scholarships. To donate, please contact the Cottonwood Extension District Office at 785-628-9430.Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with K-State Research and Extension, in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Tamara at tarobertson@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Ellis County Office at 785-628-9430.All K-State Research and Extension educational programs and materials available without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability.

ROBERTSON: 2025 4-H Achievement Banquet

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Kansas State University will bring together researchers, producers and industry experts to address the challenges and opportunities of raising forage in a limited-water environment.

The <a href="https://www.wkrec.org/events/forage_conference/western_kansas_forage_conference.html">K-State Forage Conference</a> will be held Nov. 5 at the K-State Southwest Research-Extension Center in Garden City. The one-day event will run from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. and is free to attend.

Sessions will deliver fast-paced, practical updates on forage management, soil health, fertility, risk protection and marketing, with time for questions and peer discussion. Lunch is provided thanks to conference sponsors.

“Forage is the backbone of western Kansas agriculture,” said John Holman, K-State cropping systems agronomist. “Our cattle industry depends on reliable hay and silage production, and this conference is designed to provide the research-based information producers can trust—especially when every acre and every inch of water counts.”

Kansas produced more than 5 million tons of hay in 2022 grown on 2.4 million acres, ranking third among all states, and forage contributes more than $536 million annually to the state’s economy.

Holman noted that annual forages -- such as forage sorghum, sudangrass, triticale and wheat -- are especially valuable in the High Plains because of their drought tolerance, and flexibility for grazing, hay or silage. Some hybrids can be ready to graze within 4-6 weeks of planting, providing timely feed sources throughout the year.

“These crops allow producers to fill forage gaps and adapt to changing water availability,” Holman said. “But they also come with challenges, so understanding management strategies is critical.”

The list of conference sessions, as well as presenters, includes

· Annual forage economics — John Holman.

· Soil impacts of haying, grazing and cover crops — Augustine Obour, K-State soil scientist.

· Managing prussic acid in forages — Scott Staggenborg, seed and product development consultant.

· Alfalfa production update — Romulo Lollato, K-State extension wheat and forages specialist.

· Forage fertility management — Logan Simon, K-State southwest area agronomist.

· Insurance and price protection tools — Jenny Ifft, Flinchbaugh Agricultural Policy chair.

· Invasive grass management — Keith Harmoney, K-State range scientist.

Additional sessions are planned on summer legumes, seeding rates, and a Kansas Livestock Association industry update.

To register <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_82McOxQB89lxRFs">http://bit.ly/4obibl6</a> or contact your local extension office.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1761658791150.jpg" alt="Courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictKansas State University will bring together researchers, producers and industry experts to address the challenges and opportunities of raising forage in a limited-water environment.The <a href="https://www.wkrec.org/events/forage_conference/western_kansas_forage_conference.html">K-State Forage Conference</a> will be held Nov. 5 at the K-State Southwest Research-Extension Center in Garden City. The one-day event will run from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. and is free to attend.Sessions will deliver fast-paced, practical updates on forage management, soil health, fertility, risk protection and marketing, with time for questions and peer discussion. Lunch is provided thanks to conference sponsors.“Forage is the backbone of western Kansas agriculture,” said John Holman, K-State cropping systems agronomist. “Our cattle industry depends on reliable hay and silage production, and this conference is designed to provide the research-based information producers can trust—especially when every acre and every inch of water counts.”Kansas produced more than 5 million tons of hay in 2022 grown on 2.4 million acres, ranking third among all states, and forage contributes more than $536 million annually to the state’s economy.Holman noted that annual forages -- such as forage sorghum, sudangrass, triticale and wheat -- are especially valuable in the High Plains because of their drought tolerance, and flexibility for grazing, hay or silage. Some hybrids can be ready to graze within 4-6 weeks of planting, providing timely feed sources throughout the year.“These crops allow producers to fill forage gaps and adapt to changing water availability,” Holman said. “But they also come with challenges, so understanding management strategies is critical.”The list of conference sessions, as well as presenters, includes· Annual forage economics — John Holman.· Soil impacts of haying, grazing and cover crops — Augustine Obour, K-State soil scientist.· Managing prussic acid in forages — Scott Staggenborg, seed and product development consultant.· Alfalfa production update — Romulo Lollato, K-State extension wheat and forages specialist.· Forage fertility management — Logan Simon, K-State southwest area agronomist.· Insurance and price protection tools — Jenny Ifft, Flinchbaugh Agricultural Policy chair.· Invasive grass management — Keith Harmoney, K-State range scientist.Additional sessions are planned on summer legumes, seeding rates, and a Kansas Livestock Association industry update.To register <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_82McOxQB89lxRFs">http://bit.ly/4obibl6</a> or contact your local extension office.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: K-State Forage conference set for Nov. 5 in Garden City

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.

Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.

Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.

If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.

Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.

Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.

The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictI always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

BOOR: Fall colors

Did you know that spiders are likely to be gone by Halloween? According to Jeff Whitworth, a K-State Extension Entomologist, four spider species common to Kansas are likely to be in hiding within the next few weeks.

Two species commonly found in the home that are of most concern to humans because of their venom – the brown recluse and black widow – are ready to go into winter hibernation. Those two species are rarely seen from mid-October to mid-March. The brown recluse is identified by a signature dark line that resembles a violin on its back, with the neck of the violin pointing to the rear of the spider. The bite of a brown recluse releases a hemotoxin that affects a person’s blood cells. A bite from a brown recluse may require medical attention.

The brown recluse is nocturnal, thus they are most active at night when they crawl around searching for food. As daylight returns, they crawl into any dark place close by, which is often in a shoe or clothing, if left on the floor. That is the reason that most bites occur; the spider is threatened when you put the item on. The adult female black widow is more elegant looking, typically a very shiny black with a reddish, hourglass shaped mark on their abdomen. The bite of a black widow releases a neurotoxin that affects the nervous systems of humans and animals.

Black widows are web builders, thus they are usually encountered in some out-of-the-way corner of a garage, shed, basement or similar place. They usually are not out wondering like a brown recluse.

Two less venomous spiders more common in farm fields or open areas include the orb spider and the garden spider.

The orb spider is typically a big, brown, round spider that weaves intricate webs.

You will often see webbing, but not the spider. The webbing catches insects, and then the spider comes out in the evening to feed on what they’ve caught and repair the web, if needed.

Another common field spider, the garden spider, also is very large, and typically dark green or black and yellow with long legs. Farmers often run into garden spiders when walking between fields because they’ll use corn or sorghum or large weeds to build their webs, and by this time of year, most spiders are at their largest and thus have constructed large webs for catching prey.

If they feel threatened in their web, they will vibrate the web, but if that doesn’t work, they usually drop to the ground and hide.

But like the brown recluse and black widow, orb spiders and garden spiders are likely to be out of sight by the time the scariest holiday of the year rolls around.

We are just about to run out of being scared by spiders, and just before Halloween, because the adult field spiders are going to lay their eggs and then go away. The brown recluse and black widow are going into hibernation and won’t be back until March or April.

Whitworth said that even though the brown recluse and black widow are better known to be dangerous, “all spiders are venomous.”

“Most spider bites don’t affect humans too much, but you just never know,” he said. “I always caution people not to play with spiders.”

Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1760727697925.jpg" alt="Courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictDid you know that spiders are likely to be gone by Halloween? According to Jeff Whitworth, a K-State Extension Entomologist, four spider species common to Kansas are likely to be in hiding within the next few weeks.Two species commonly found in the home that are of most concern to humans because of their venom – the brown recluse and black widow – are ready to go into winter hibernation. Those two species are rarely seen from mid-October to mid-March. The brown recluse is identified by a signature dark line that resembles a violin on its back, with the neck of the violin pointing to the rear of the spider. The bite of a brown recluse releases a hemotoxin that affects a person’s blood cells. A bite from a brown recluse may require medical attention.The brown recluse is nocturnal, thus they are most active at night when they crawl around searching for food. As daylight returns, they crawl into any dark place close by, which is often in a shoe or clothing, if left on the floor. That is the reason that most bites occur; the spider is threatened when you put the item on. The adult female black widow is more elegant looking, typically a very shiny black with a reddish, hourglass shaped mark on their abdomen. The bite of a black widow releases a neurotoxin that affects the nervous systems of humans and animals.Black widows are web builders, thus they are usually encountered in some out-of-the-way corner of a garage, shed, basement or similar place. They usually are not out wondering like a brown recluse.Two less venomous spiders more common in farm fields or open areas include the orb spider and the garden spider.The orb spider is typically a big, brown, round spider that weaves intricate webs.You will often see webbing, but not the spider. The webbing catches insects, and then the spider comes out in the evening to feed on what they’ve caught and repair the web, if needed.Another common field spider, the garden spider, also is very large, and typically dark green or black and yellow with long legs. Farmers often run into garden spiders when walking between fields because they’ll use corn or sorghum or large weeds to build their webs, and by this time of year, most spiders are at their largest and thus have constructed large webs for catching prey.If they feel threatened in their web, they will vibrate the web, but if that doesn’t work, they usually drop to the ground and hide.But like the brown recluse and black widow, orb spiders and garden spiders are likely to be out of sight by the time the scariest holiday of the year rolls around.We are just about to run out of being scared by spiders, and just before Halloween, because the adult field spiders are going to lay their eggs and then go away. The brown recluse and black widow are going into hibernation and won’t be back until March or April.Whitworth said that even though the brown recluse and black widow are better known to be dangerous, “all spiders are venomous.”“Most spider bites don’t affect humans too much, but you just never know,” he said. “I always caution people not to play with spiders.”Information provided by Jeff Whitworth, K-State Extension Entomologist.

CAMPBELL: Common spider in Kansas likely to go into hiding soon

TOPEKA – Kansas&nbsp;businesses and entrepreneurs were honored Thursday night at the Robert W. Plaster Center at Pittsburg State University for their outstanding contributions to Kansas communities and the state economy at the Kansas Department of Commerce’s 2025&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards&nbsp;ceremony.

It was announced at the ceremony, attended by nearly 500 people, that Grey Snow Management Solutions won the 2025 Governor’s Award of Excellence and GeoProbe Systems was named the 2025 Governor’s Exporter of the Year.&nbsp;

“Grey Snow and GeoProbe have dynamic missions and visions that align with our commitment to moving Kansas forward and supporting customers and communities across the state,”&nbsp;Governor Laura Kelly said. “Companies like these advance our state’s exporting efforts, contribute significantly to their local economies, and are more than deserving of these awards.”&nbsp;

A record 431 businesses, organizations, and individuals were nominated in 11 different categories for this year’s&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards. Nominees were reviewed and scored for various criteria, including business expansion, employee recruitment and retention practices, training and educational programs, capital investment, and support for local community events. A total of 372 Merit Awards and 59 Regional Awards were presented at the event. Additionally, one nominee in each category was designated a Statewide Winner, making them finalists for the Governor’s Award of Excellence.&nbsp;

“Kansas businesses are the backbone of the record-setting success our state has experienced over the last six years,”&nbsp;Lieutenant Governor and Secretary of Commerce David Toland said. “All the businesses recognized at&nbsp;To The Stars&nbsp;are worthy of celebration because they exemplify our famous work ethic and determination, further solidifying Kansas as the best place in the nation to do business.”&nbsp;

To kick off the awards ceremony, emcee Melissa Vincent recognized two Kansans who have been inducted into the Kansas Business Hall of Fame for their significant contributions to economic growth. This year’s contemporary honoree, Marci Penner, is a rural champion and author from Inman who is the executive director of the Kansas Sampler Foundation. The historical honoree, Emerson Carey, Sr., is an entrepreneur and philanthropist from Hutchinson known as a salt manufacturer and industrial leader.&nbsp;

The Kansas Department of Commerce also introduced two new award categories: the Small Business Champion – Corporate Partner Award that highlights corporations demonstrating exceptional commitment to small business — and the Mainstreet Momentum Award that honors a business continuously working to improve downtown areas and commercial districts through growth and engagement.

The 2025 Statewide Award winners are below:&nbsp;

The 2025 Governor’s Award of Excellence winner, Grey Snow Management Solutions, is an economic development enterprise created to manage, build, support, and enhance tribal sovereignty, as well as provide expert services for government and commercial clients. Their mission is to provide sustainable, responsible, and profitable services for the cultural and financial betterment of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska and all of Indian Country across North America.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Governor’s Exporter of the Year award has been given to a Kansas company for more than three decades. The award brings statewide recognition to companies for their export efforts and showcases companies as role models of exporting success in Kansas.&nbsp;

The 2025 Governor’s Exporter of the Year winner, GeoProbe Systems, was founded in 1987 by two engineers who manufactured and introduced the first direct push machines and tooling to the environmental industry — changing the way soil, groundwater, and soil gas samples are collected. Since those first methods went to the field, GeoProbe has invested heavily in engineering to continue developing new designs and innovative techniques for fieldwork, diversified across a wide range of drilling industries – garnering a global reputation as a drilling industry leader.&nbsp;

Other Exporter of the Year finalists were SOR Controls Group of Lenexa and Harlan Global Manufacturing of Kansas City.&nbsp;

At the end of the awards ceremony, the agency introduced &nbsp;the new&nbsp;Randi Tveitaraas Jack International Business Development Award. It will recognize individuals who have made outstanding contributions to advancing Kansas in the global economy. The award was named in honor of Randi Tveitaraas Jack, who recently retired from the Kansas Department of Commerce after more than 37 years of outstanding service to the state. The agency recognized James “Jamie” Hall, Vice President of Great Plains Manufacturing in Salina, as the inaugural recipient.&nbsp;

A full list of the 2025&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards&nbsp;winners and photographs from the event can be found&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://links-2.govdelivery.com/CL0/https:%2F%2Fwww.kansascommerce.gov%2Ftothestars%2Fto-the-stars-kansas-business-awards-2025%2F/1/01010199f3559225-fdf46218-e2a8-46a7-bb65-5e997ceb1262-000000/w2kpPgDp08Q_jivM6V2A_Jd0h6xVvrXN5auR8iMsRlo=427">here</a>.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1760727518610.jpg" alt="Courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>TOPEKA – Kansas&nbsp;businesses and entrepreneurs were honored Thursday night at the Robert W. Plaster Center at Pittsburg State University for their outstanding contributions to Kansas communities and the state economy at the Kansas Department of Commerce’s 2025&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards&nbsp;ceremony.It was announced at the ceremony, attended by nearly 500 people, that Grey Snow Management Solutions won the 2025 Governor’s Award of Excellence and GeoProbe Systems was named the 2025 Governor’s Exporter of the Year.&nbsp;“Grey Snow and GeoProbe have dynamic missions and visions that align with our commitment to moving Kansas forward and supporting customers and communities across the state,”&nbsp;Governor Laura Kelly said. “Companies like these advance our state’s exporting efforts, contribute significantly to their local economies, and are more than deserving of these awards.”&nbsp;A record 431 businesses, organizations, and individuals were nominated in 11 different categories for this year’s&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards. Nominees were reviewed and scored for various criteria, including business expansion, employee recruitment and retention practices, training and educational programs, capital investment, and support for local community events. A total of 372 Merit Awards and 59 Regional Awards were presented at the event. Additionally, one nominee in each category was designated a Statewide Winner, making them finalists for the Governor’s Award of Excellence.&nbsp;“Kansas businesses are the backbone of the record-setting success our state has experienced over the last six years,”&nbsp;Lieutenant Governor and Secretary of Commerce David Toland said. “All the businesses recognized at&nbsp;To The Stars&nbsp;are worthy of celebration because they exemplify our famous work ethic and determination, further solidifying Kansas as the best place in the nation to do business.”&nbsp;To kick off the awards ceremony, emcee Melissa Vincent recognized two Kansans who have been inducted into the Kansas Business Hall of Fame for their significant contributions to economic growth. This year’s contemporary honoree, Marci Penner, is a rural champion and author from Inman who is the executive director of the Kansas Sampler Foundation. The historical honoree, Emerson Carey, Sr., is an entrepreneur and philanthropist from Hutchinson known as a salt manufacturer and industrial leader.&nbsp;The Kansas Department of Commerce also introduced two new award categories: the Small Business Champion – Corporate Partner Award that highlights corporations demonstrating exceptional commitment to small business — and the Mainstreet Momentum Award that honors a business continuously working to improve downtown areas and commercial districts through growth and engagement.The 2025 Statewide Award winners are below:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Agribusiness&nbsp;– Liquid Art Winery and Estate, Manhattan</li><li>Apprenticeship Champions and Partners&nbsp;– American Implement, Garden City</li><li>Business Innovation&nbsp;– Shed Lifestyles, LLC, Kansas City</li><li>Healthcare/Nonprofit&nbsp;– Special Olympics Kansas, Inc., Mission</li><li>Mainstreet Momentum&nbsp;– Grand Central Hotel and Grill, Cottonwood Falls</li><li>Manufacturing/Distribution&nbsp;– LeDuc Memorial Designs, Concordia</li><li>Non-Traditional Talent Pools&nbsp;– AllMetal Recycling, LLC, Wichita</li><li>Retail/Service&nbsp;– Grey Snow Management Solutions, Cloud</li><li>Small Business Champion – Corporate Partner&nbsp;– Northwest Kansas Economic Innovation Center, Inc., Norton</li><li>Under 30 Entrepreneur&nbsp;– Braiden Werth, Werth Eye Group, P.A., Hays</li><li>Welcome Back&nbsp;– Davey and Kim Froman, Miners and Monroe, Pittsburg&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>The 2025 Governor’s Award of Excellence winner, Grey Snow Management Solutions, is an economic development enterprise created to manage, build, support, and enhance tribal sovereignty, as well as provide expert services for government and commercial clients. Their mission is to provide sustainable, responsible, and profitable services for the cultural and financial betterment of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska and all of Indian Country across North America.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Governor’s Exporter of the Year award has been given to a Kansas company for more than three decades. The award brings statewide recognition to companies for their export efforts and showcases companies as role models of exporting success in Kansas.&nbsp;The 2025 Governor’s Exporter of the Year winner, GeoProbe Systems, was founded in 1987 by two engineers who manufactured and introduced the first direct push machines and tooling to the environmental industry — changing the way soil, groundwater, and soil gas samples are collected. Since those first methods went to the field, GeoProbe has invested heavily in engineering to continue developing new designs and innovative techniques for fieldwork, diversified across a wide range of drilling industries – garnering a global reputation as a drilling industry leader.&nbsp;Other Exporter of the Year finalists were SOR Controls Group of Lenexa and Harlan Global Manufacturing of Kansas City.&nbsp;At the end of the awards ceremony, the agency introduced &nbsp;the new&nbsp;Randi Tveitaraas Jack International Business Development Award. It will recognize individuals who have made outstanding contributions to advancing Kansas in the global economy. The award was named in honor of Randi Tveitaraas Jack, who recently retired from the Kansas Department of Commerce after more than 37 years of outstanding service to the state. The agency recognized James “Jamie” Hall, Vice President of Great Plains Manufacturing in Salina, as the inaugural recipient.&nbsp;A full list of the 2025&nbsp;To The Stars: Kansas Business Awards&nbsp;winners and photographs from the event can be found&nbsp;<a target="_blank" href="https://links-2.govdelivery.com/CL0/https:%2F%2Fwww.kansascommerce.gov%2Ftothestars%2Fto-the-stars-kansas-business-awards-2025%2F/1/01010199f3559225-fdf46218-e2a8-46a7-bb65-5e997ceb1262-000000/w2kpPgDp08Q_jivM6V2A_Jd0h6xVvrXN5auR8iMsRlo=427">here</a>.&nbsp;

Gov. Kelly, Kansas Department of Commerce celebrate Kansas Businesses at ceremony

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension Agent

On November 6, K-State Extension, along with the Great Bend Rec Center will be hosting a program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 7:00 p.m. The meeting will be held at Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center located at&nbsp;<a>592 NE K 156 Hwy</a>, Great Bend. &nbsp;

During his program, Ricketts will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics. He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. &nbsp;

If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event. This program is generously sponsored by Sutherlands, P&amp;S Security, and Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy image&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District. Courtesy image&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension AgentOn November 6, K-State Extension, along with the Great Bend Rec Center will be hosting a program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 7:00 p.m. The meeting will be held at Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center located at&nbsp;<a>592 NE K 156 Hwy</a>, Great Bend. &nbsp;During his program, Ricketts will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics. He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. &nbsp;If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event. This program is generously sponsored by Sutherlands, P&amp;S Security, and Cheyenne Bottoms Wetlands Center.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Coyote program scheduled Thursday in Barton County

SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a Kansas woman who was reported missing is going to prison for the rest of his life. 

On Monday Judge Jeffrey Goering sentenced 31-year-old Kyle Bearden to a life term for the murder of 30-year-old Mariana Christian, according to the Sedgwick County District Attorney's office. The earliest possibility of parole is 25 years and an additional 181 months in prison if parole is granted.

In August, Bearden entered a plea of guilty during an evidentiary hearing before Judge Goering.

The plea agreement called for the parties to jointly recommend a prison sentence of life with parole eligibility after 25 years, to be followed by an additional 15 years of imprisonment if parole is granted.

Around 10:30 a.m. on July 21, a friend of Mariana Christian filed a missing person report. The friend said Ms. Christian had a history of mental health challenges and often relied on them for transportation to work. That morning, Christian was not at her home in the 1200 block of S. Paige when the friend arrived to pick her up.

At the residence, the friend encountered an unidentified man later identified as Kyle Bearden who said he didn’t know Ms. Christian’s whereabouts.

He claimed Mariana Christian had left the apartment on Friday, July 18, in a truck with an unknown man and woman and hadn’t returned. He also expressed concern for her safety. Although not listed on the lease, the man appeared to be living in the apartment.

Although Ms. Christian was last seen on Friday, July 18, she wasn’t reported missing until Monday, July 21. After multiple failed attempts to reach her and finding her absence unusual, the friend contacted police. Officers issued an attempt-to-locate alert, and investigators took over the case.

WPD investigators identified Bearden as a person of interest. They followed leads to locate Ms. Christian, discovering evidence of her death and where her remains were left in Cottonwood Park near Armor and Bayley in Wichita.

Wichita Police officers responded to the area and located human remains. Investigators believe Bearden shot Ms. Christian.

Crime scene investigators processed Ms. Christian’s apartment and found evidence of foul play. On the morning of July 31, the Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center positively identified the remains as those of Mariana Christian.

Kyle Bearden was arrested on July 30 and booked into the Sedgwick County Jail.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753958410010.png" alt="Bearden photo Sedgwick Co." />
 <figcaption>Bearden photo Sedgwick Co.</figcaption>
 </figure>SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a Kansas woman who was reported missing is going to prison for the rest of his life. On Monday Judge Jeffrey Goering sentenced 31-year-old Kyle Bearden to a life term for the murder of 30-year-old Mariana Christian, according to the Sedgwick County District Attorney's office. The earliest possibility of parole is 25 years and an additional 181 months in prison if parole is granted.In August, Bearden entered a plea of guilty during an evidentiary hearing before Judge Goering.The plea agreement called for the parties to jointly recommend a prison sentence of life with parole eligibility after 25 years, to be followed by an additional 15 years of imprisonment if parole is granted.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/8/1754062859608.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>Around 10:30 a.m. on July 21, a friend of Mariana Christian filed a missing person report. The friend said Ms. Christian had a history of mental health challenges and often relied on them for transportation to work. That morning, Christian was not at her home in the 1200 block of S. Paige when the friend arrived to pick her up.At the residence, the friend encountered an unidentified man later identified as Kyle Bearden who said he didn’t know Ms. Christian’s whereabouts.He claimed Mariana Christian had left the apartment on Friday, July 18, in a truck with an unknown man and woman and hadn’t returned. He also expressed concern for her safety. Although not listed on the lease, the man appeared to be living in the apartment.Although Ms. Christian was last seen on Friday, July 18, she wasn’t reported missing until Monday, July 21. After multiple failed attempts to reach her and finding her absence unusual, the friend contacted police. Officers issued an attempt-to-locate alert, and investigators took over the case.WPD investigators identified Bearden as a person of interest. They followed leads to locate Ms. Christian, discovering evidence of her death and where her remains were left in Cottonwood Park near Armor and Bayley in Wichita.Wichita Police officers responded to the area and located human remains. Investigators believe Bearden shot Ms. Christian.Crime scene investigators processed Ms. Christian’s apartment and found evidence of foul play. On the morning of July 31, the Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center positively identified the remains as those of Mariana Christian.Kyle Bearden was arrested on July 30 and booked into the Sedgwick County Jail.&nbsp;

Life in prison for killer found at missing Kan. woman's home

SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a Kansas woman who was reported missing is going to prison for the rest of his life.

SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a woman who was reported missing will learn his fate on Monday.

Judge Jeffrey Goering will sentence 31-year-old Kyle Bearden for the murder of 30-year-old Mariana Christian. Her&nbsp;&nbsp;body was found in a Wichita park,&nbsp;according to the Sedgwick County District Attorney's office.

The plea agreement calls for the parties to jointly recommend a prison sentence of life with parole eligibility after 25 years, to be followed by an additional 15 years of imprisonment if parole is granted.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/7/1753958410010.png" alt="Bearden-photo Sedgwick County" />
 <figcaption>Bearden-photo Sedgwick County</figcaption>
 </figure>SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a Kansas woman who was reported missing is going to prison for the rest of his life.On Monday Judge Jeffrey Goering sentenced 31-year-old Kyle Bearden to a life term for the murder of 30-year-old Mariana Christian, according to the Sedgwick County District Attorney's office. The earliest possibility of parole is 25 years and an additional 181 months in prison if parole is granted.----------SEDGWICK COUNTY —A man who&nbsp;admitted killing a woman who was reported missing will learn his fate on Monday.Judge Jeffrey Goering will sentence 31-year-old Kyle Bearden for the murder of 30-year-old Mariana Christian. Her&nbsp;&nbsp;body was found in a Wichita park,&nbsp;according to the Sedgwick County District Attorney's office.In August, Bearden entered a plea of guilty during an evidentiary hearing before Judge Goering.The plea agreement calls for the parties to jointly recommend a prison sentence of life with parole eligibility after 25 years, to be followed by an additional 15 years of imprisonment if parole is granted.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/8/1754062859608.png" alt="Police issued a missing person alert for Mariana Christian on July 27" />
 <figcaption>Police issued a missing person alert for Mariana Christian on July 27</figcaption>
 </figure>Around 10:30 a.m. on July 21, a friend of Mariana Christian filed a missing person report. The friend said Ms. Christian had a history of mental health challenges and often relied on them for transportation to work. That morning, Christian was not at her home in the 1200 block of S. Paige when the friend arrived to pick her up.At the residence, the friend encountered an unidentified man later identified as Kyle Bearden who said he didn’t know Ms. Christian’s whereabouts.He claimed Mariana Christian had left the apartment on Friday, July 18, in a truck with an unknown man and woman and hadn’t returned. He also expressed concern for her safety. Although not listed on the lease, the man appeared to be living in the apartment.Although Ms. Christian was last seen on Friday, July 18, she wasn’t reported missing until Monday, July 21. After multiple failed attempts to reach her and finding her absence unusual, the friend contacted police. Officers issued an attempt-to-locate alert, and investigators took over the case.WPD investigators identified Bearden as a person of interest. They followed leads to locate Ms. Christian, discovering evidence of her death and where her remains were left in Cottonwood Park near Armor and Bayley in Wichita.Wichita Police officers responded to the area and located human remains. Investigators believe Bearden shot Ms. Christian.Crime scene investigators processed Ms. Christian’s apartment and found evidence of foul play. On the morning of July 31, the Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center positively identified the remains as those of Mariana Christian.Kyle Bearden was arrested on July 30 and booked into the Sedgwick County Jail.&nbsp;

Sentencing Day: Killer found at missing Kan. woman's home

By TONY GUERRERO Hays Post

The Ellis County Workforce Committee discussed health needs for small businesses and the creation of a new Wellness Committee.

The task force, led by Sarah Wasinger, president and CEO of the Chamber in Hays, suggested the wellness committee should centralize local resources to promote workplace health.

Jay Harris, K-State Cottonwood Extension District, showed interest in the idea and requested to be a part of it.

"We could even offer some additional resources and training to help the employer pass on to the employee. I think the committee is a great idea," he said.

Other representatives in attendance, including RANS Aircraft, city of Hays and Fort Hays State University, shared what their businesses offered for wellness, ranging from premium discounts, creating company walking paths and covering gym memberships.

However, the task force also highlighted the challenges associated with these benefits, such as low engagement without greater incentives.

Shelly Schlitter with RANS Aircraft said employees never utilized a bike trail installed behind its factory, although its gym membership discounts for employees have seen success.

Wasinger also highlighted the current chamber health-related support for businesses, such as health insurance offered through Aetna, which helps chamber members save 2% on open market plans. An informational meeting on the plan is set for noon on Oct. 22 at the Rose Garden Banquet Hall.

The committee had a debrief of the Hays High School Career Cluster in September that featured manufacturing, distribution and welding. It was seen as a success.

Upcoming events on the committee agenda include High School Career Exploration Day on Oct. 29 at Hays High, open to students from surrounding high schools, and the next cluster meeting set for Oct. 15.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1759957234465.jpeg" alt="Courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By TONY GUERRERO Hays PostThe Ellis County Workforce Committee discussed health needs for small businesses and the creation of a new Wellness Committee.The task force, led by Sarah Wasinger, president and CEO of the Chamber in Hays, suggested the wellness committee should centralize local resources to promote workplace health.Jay Harris, K-State Cottonwood Extension District, showed interest in the idea and requested to be a part of it."We could even offer some additional resources and training to help the employer pass on to the employee. I think the committee is a great idea," he said.Other representatives in attendance, including RANS Aircraft, city of Hays and Fort Hays State University, shared what their businesses offered for wellness, ranging from premium discounts, creating company walking paths and covering gym memberships.However, the task force also highlighted the challenges associated with these benefits, such as low engagement without greater incentives.Shelly Schlitter with RANS Aircraft said employees never utilized a bike trail installed behind its factory, although its gym membership discounts for employees have seen success.Wasinger also highlighted the current chamber health-related support for businesses, such as health insurance offered through Aetna, which helps chamber members save 2% on open market plans. An informational meeting on the plan is set for noon on Oct. 22 at the Rose Garden Banquet Hall.The committee had a debrief of the Hays High School Career Cluster in September that featured manufacturing, distribution and welding. It was seen as a success.Upcoming events on the committee agenda include High School Career Exploration Day on Oct. 29 at Hays High, open to students from surrounding high schools, and the next cluster meeting set for Oct. 15.

Ellis County Workforce Committee discusses health programs

In the past week, sorghum ergot has been detected in several locations in Kansas, primarily in forage sorghum fields, but also in grain sorghum. This is a relatively rare event, with notable prior occurrences in 1997 and 2017. Sorghum ergot in the U.S. is caused by the fungus Claviceps africana. Claviceps africana has been reported in Australia, Central America, North America, South America, and South Africa. Sorghum ergot is not the same pathogen that causes ergot in wheat (Claviceps purpurea).

Sorghum ergot development - this fungus, Claviceps africana, infects unfertilized sorghum ovaries, resulting in no development of grain. Pollen present at the same time as ergot inoculum usually prevents ergot infection because pollination occurs much more quickly. The absence of pollen in male-sterile sorghum forage fields makes them extremely susceptible to infection by C. africana when both the pathogen and a favorable environment/weather are present. Sorghum ergot can also be a problem if pollen is somehow absent or ineffective at the flowering stage. This can occur if the plants were subjected to cool, moist conditions prior to or during the flowering period. Anything that reduces pollination increases the potential for ergot infection.

Studies have shown a higher risk of sorghum ergot infection when minimum temperatures are ~53°F. Additionally, the chance of infection decreases when temperatures are above 75°F prior to flowering.

Symptoms and Dispersal - sorghum ergot is a grain replacement disease that creates two major problems.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2025/10/1760392454924.png" alt="Forage sorghum head infected with Sorghum Ergot in Ness County, Kansas.&nbsp;Photo by Kansas State Research and Extension" />
 <figcaption>Forage sorghum head infected with Sorghum Ergot in Ness County, Kansas.&nbsp;Photo by Kansas State Research and Extension</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictIn the past week, sorghum ergot has been detected in several locations in Kansas, primarily in forage sorghum fields, but also in grain sorghum. This is a relatively rare event, with notable prior occurrences in 1997 and 2017. Sorghum ergot in the U.S. is caused by the fungus Claviceps africana. Claviceps africana has been reported in Australia, Central America, North America, South America, and South Africa. Sorghum ergot is not the same pathogen that causes ergot in wheat (Claviceps purpurea).Sorghum ergot development - this fungus, Claviceps africana, infects unfertilized sorghum ovaries, resulting in no development of grain. Pollen present at the same time as ergot inoculum usually prevents ergot infection because pollination occurs much more quickly. The absence of pollen in male-sterile sorghum forage fields makes them extremely susceptible to infection by C. africana when both the pathogen and a favorable environment/weather are present. Sorghum ergot can also be a problem if pollen is somehow absent or ineffective at the flowering stage. This can occur if the plants were subjected to cool, moist conditions prior to or during the flowering period. Anything that reduces pollination increases the potential for ergot infection.Studies have shown a higher risk of sorghum ergot infection when minimum temperatures are ~53°F. Additionally, the chance of infection decreases when temperatures are above 75°F prior to flowering.Symptoms and Dispersal - sorghum ergot is a grain replacement disease that creates two major problems.· First, infection of non-pollinated ovaries precludes normal seed-set or development. Thus, infections are directly responsible for grain yield losses. · Secondly, seed developing adjacent to infected florets often become contaminated with sugary, sphacelia honeydew, which is a sweet, sticky, amber-colored fluid (Figure 1).Ergot infection is easy to identify because of the abundance of honeydew that the fungus produces. Thick, sticky, ambered colored, syrup-like honeydew drips from the sorghum head to the leaves and to the ground, where it often dries in a white powdery like substance. The honeydew also sometimes appears as a dried brown to black colored mass in place of kernels in the sorghum head.Is ergot in sorghum toxic to cattle and other livestock? We are not aware of any issues with toxicity in the past or present in the US caused by the ergot fungus Claviceps africana that infects sorghum. This includes forage fed as silage or hay. It is very important to note that this is not the same ergot fungus that infects wheat, rye, triticale and fescue. The honeydew itself contains very little toxin (alkaloids). In the sorghum head, instead of grain being produced, a compact, hard fungal mass called sclerotia may develop in the later stages of infection. It has a tough outer rind and a compact inner core that may be reddish brown in color and replaces kernels. Do not confuse this with dried honeydew or secondary infections. These sclerotium fall to the ground or are generally separated from the grain during processing. These sclerotia would be expected to have a higher level of alkaloids. However, it is important to note that in the High Plains, there is some question about whether sclerotia is even produced.Management considerations· Fungicide applications at this point in time will not be effective. · Harvesting of sorghum, for grain or silage, may prove difficult due to the sticky nature of the honeydew. · If portions of the field are more severely affected than others, producers may consider not harvesting that portion of the field or keeping the resulting hay lots separate for future testing. · Delaying harvest until after a rain or freeze can help reduce the amount of honeydew on the plant. · Honeydew can cause mold formation in baled hay or silage. Mold formation will reduce feed quality and can form mycotoxins. · The presence of alkaloids, which are a toxic concern for livestock feeding, is reliant on the production of sclerotia. At this time, sclerotia production has not been verified in Kansas fields.K-State Extension is continuing to monitor this situation and evaluate the infections present in Kansas. If you have any additional questions please reach out to us in the Cottonwood Extension District.Information provided by Rodrigo Onofre, K-State Extension Row Crop Plant Disease specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.