TOPEKA –&nbsp;The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) has issued a boil water advisory for a portion of the City of Ellis, Ellis County. The advisory affects customers in the area bounded on the west and east by Baughman St. and Cottonwood St.; and on the north and south by W. 10th&nbsp;St. and W. 11th&nbsp;St. This advisory is not related to Covid-19.

Customers should observe the following precautions until further notice:

The advisory took effect on May 6, 2021 and will remain in effect until the conditions that placed the system at risk of bacterial contamination are resolved. KDHE issued the advisory because of a main break resulting in a&nbsp;loss of pressure in the system. A loss of pressure may lead to inadequate chlorine residuals and bacterial contamination.

Regardless of whether the public water supplier or KDHE announced a boil water advisory, only KDHE can issue the rescind order following testing at a certified laboratory.

For consumer questions, please contact the water system or KDHE at 785-296-5514. For consumer information please visit KDHE’s PWS Consumer Information webpage:&nbsp;<a href="https://lnks.gd/l/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDAsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMTA1MDYuNDAwNTM4OTEiLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwOi8vd3d3LmtkaGVrcy5nb3YvcHdzL2VtZXJnZW5jeXJlc3BvbnNlL3dhdGVyX2Rpc3J1cHRpb24uaHRtP3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSJ9.pSu9kfXD503NWnPTwtncVdqXIRKvrORxVRksdp7CJ_Y/s/1305913623/br/106012108244-l" target="_blank">http://www.kdheks.gov/pws/emergencyresponse/water_disruption.htm</a>

Restaurants and other food establishments that have questions about the impact of the boil water advisory on their business can contact the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s food safety &amp; lodging program at&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:kda.fsl@ks.gov" target="_blank">kda.fsl@ks.gov</a>&nbsp;or call 785-564-6767.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/7/1595873466130.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>KDHETOPEKA –&nbsp;The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) has issued a boil water advisory for a portion of the City of Ellis, Ellis County. The advisory affects customers in the area bounded on the west and east by Baughman St. and Cottonwood St.; and on the north and south by W. 10th&nbsp;St. and W. 11th&nbsp;St. This advisory is not related to Covid-19.Customers should observe the following precautions until further notice:<ul>
 <li>If your tap water appears dirty, flush the water lines by letting the water run until it clears.</li><li>Boil water for one minute prior to drinking or food preparation or use bottled water.</li><li>Dispose of ice cubes and do not use ice from a household automatic ice maker.</li><li>Disinfect dishes and other food contact surfaces by immersion for at least one minute in clean tap water that contains one teaspoon of unscented household bleach per gallon of water.</li><li>Water used for bathing does not generally need to be boiled. Supervision of children is necessary while bathing so that water is not ingested. Persons with cuts or severe rashes may wish to consult their physicians.</li>
 </ul>The advisory took effect on May 6, 2021 and will remain in effect until the conditions that placed the system at risk of bacterial contamination are resolved. KDHE issued the advisory because of a main break resulting in a&nbsp;loss of pressure in the system. A loss of pressure may lead to inadequate chlorine residuals and bacterial contamination.Regardless of whether the public water supplier or KDHE announced a boil water advisory, only KDHE can issue the rescind order following testing at a certified laboratory.For consumer questions, please contact the water system or KDHE at 785-296-5514. For consumer information please visit KDHE’s PWS Consumer Information webpage:&nbsp;<a href="https://lnks.gd/l/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJidWxsZXRpbl9saW5rX2lkIjoxMDAsInVyaSI6ImJwMjpjbGljayIsImJ1bGxldGluX2lkIjoiMjAyMTA1MDYuNDAwNTM4OTEiLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwOi8vd3d3LmtkaGVrcy5nb3YvcHdzL2VtZXJnZW5jeXJlc3BvbnNlL3dhdGVyX2Rpc3J1cHRpb24uaHRtP3V0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1nb3ZkZWxpdmVyeSJ9.pSu9kfXD503NWnPTwtncVdqXIRKvrORxVRksdp7CJ_Y/s/1305913623/br/106012108244-l" target="_blank">http://www.kdheks.gov/pws/emergencyresponse/water_disruption.htm</a>Restaurants and other food establishments that have questions about the impact of the boil water advisory on their business can contact the Kansas Department of Agriculture’s food safety &amp; lodging program at&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="mailto:kda.fsl@ks.gov" target="_blank">kda.fsl@ks.gov</a>&nbsp;or call 785-564-6767.

KDHE: Boil Water Advisory issued for portion of Ellis 

LINCOLN, NEB. - Samuel Crowley of Hays is among 190 University of Nebraska-Lincoln graduating seniors who have completed the requirements to graduate from the University Honors Program in May. 

Crowley will graduate from the College of Arts and Sciences.

To graduate from the Honors Program, students must maintain at least a 3.5 grade-point average, complete a culminating senior project or research thesis, and fulfill other curricular requirements. This is the largest class of graduating honors students in the program's 34-year history.

For the full list of May Honors Program graduates, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://email.readme.readmedia.com/ls/click?upn=S4NQLfi3DR8K-2FNFkwRdFDo5xlvpzk5Fh6ymjmW6ZKE0-3DrS1E_r-2BDMsuWuYVmb7-2F1Mu1QL1I-2FJ8-2BHR91nNNNGTTc38Ah320EqWRzV-2Fo8TFxmpc9BxOJLrD5X8Z-2BdAFiBIIh1C0FXx740ihckhxIFmdVXTbDpZOli-2FvFNbEkDBoA82p-2Bkl7t9p3t8ansqPFr6hx1RmSlwl4KP0FGZJ-2FmVQjauZZ-2FqHtbxnLijJ3HnEFXB7a6MmbiLFJDOLIhpbP-2BWsBsbiUqS4gLB1oOm5PxF6MDn0DkAoeAPGz38PBuyJ-2Ff5NhGTitfzI0ouUQP-2B39Dk1Gzxg-2BGPsrDXW0-2Fqj6RzMgh2-2Bf03xnKwzexZzJQDeMHZt1iuD2Xe-2F8TX71xrYk8r8t-2B6eqDqg34n1gqq3lR0q0pBOynlk-3D" target="_blank">https://go.unl.edu/o9ed</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/5/1589301464086.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>News releaseLINCOLN, NEB. - Samuel Crowley of Hays is among 190 University of Nebraska-Lincoln graduating seniors who have completed the requirements to graduate from the University Honors Program in May. Crowley will graduate from the College of Arts and Sciences.To graduate from the Honors Program, students must maintain at least a 3.5 grade-point average, complete a culminating senior project or research thesis, and fulfill other curricular requirements. This is the largest class of graduating honors students in the program's 34-year history.For the full list of May Honors Program graduates, visit&nbsp;<a href="http://email.readme.readmedia.com/ls/click?upn=S4NQLfi3DR8K-2FNFkwRdFDo5xlvpzk5Fh6ymjmW6ZKE0-3DrS1E_r-2BDMsuWuYVmb7-2F1Mu1QL1I-2FJ8-2BHR91nNNNGTTc38Ah320EqWRzV-2Fo8TFxmpc9BxOJLrD5X8Z-2BdAFiBIIh1C0FXx740ihckhxIFmdVXTbDpZOli-2FvFNbEkDBoA82p-2Bkl7t9p3t8ansqPFr6hx1RmSlwl4KP0FGZJ-2FmVQjauZZ-2FqHtbxnLijJ3HnEFXB7a6MmbiLFJDOLIhpbP-2BWsBsbiUqS4gLB1oOm5PxF6MDn0DkAoeAPGz38PBuyJ-2Ff5NhGTitfzI0ouUQP-2B39Dk1Gzxg-2BGPsrDXW0-2Fqj6RzMgh2-2Bf03xnKwzexZzJQDeMHZt1iuD2Xe-2F8TX71xrYk8r8t-2B6eqDqg34n1gqq3lR0q0pBOynlk-3D" target="_blank">https://go.unl.edu/o9ed</a>.

Hays student to graduate from University Honors Program at Nebraska

TOPEKA&nbsp;–&nbsp; Governor Laura Kelly and Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) Secretary Julie Lorenz announced Thursday that 16 counties, including Ellis County, have received approximately $8.5 million through the Kansas High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR) Program.

The HRRR program is a state/local partnership initiative designed to improve safety on off-system rural roads. This year’s HRRR selections include 16 counties with total projects costs of $11 million. 

When Coronavirus Relief Funds and Highway Infrastructure Program funds became available earlier this year, KDOT was able to distribute twice the funds typically available for HRRR annually.&nbsp;

“This $8.5 million will go a long way to improve critical local roadways, protect Kansans, and spur economic growth,”&nbsp;said Governor Laura Kelly. “As our economy continues to recover from COVID-19, we must use every tool in our disposal to ensure a strong, resilient foundation for years to come. Congratulations to the 16 Kansas counties that submitted successful applications.”

Kansas HRRR funds cover 90-100 percent of total project cost with the counties making up the difference if required. KDOT was able to select six additional HRRR projects for Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2022 and several projects previously scheduled for FFY 2023 have moved up to FFY 2022.

“When additional federal coronavirus relief funds became available, KDOT recognized the need to move quickly to expand the HRRR program to as many counties as possible,”&nbsp;said KDOT Secretary Julie Lorenz. “Even with the additional money, we are only able to fund half the applications received, which shows the high demand for rural safety projects.”

KDOT received more than 30 applications for 2021 HRRR safety-related funding for off-system rural roadways. HRRR project funding ranged from $62,000 to $1.4 million. Counties sent in applications for this program from November 2020 to the end of February 2021.

Projects in this program fall into one of two categories: Systemic (encompassing a local roadway collector network) or Site Specific. Projects in the Systemic category are 100 percent federally funded and do not require a local match. Site Specific projects are 90 percent federally funded with the county contributing at least 10 percent of the cost.

The county, category, amount awarded, federal fiscal year (FFY) and brief description for HRRR projects receiving funds are shown below:

* Indicates counties identified as being especially hard-hit economically because of COVID-19.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/4/1618612276319.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>KDOTTOPEKA&nbsp;–&nbsp; Governor Laura Kelly and Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) Secretary Julie Lorenz announced Thursday that 16 counties, including Ellis County, have received approximately $8.5 million through the Kansas High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR) Program.The HRRR program is a state/local partnership initiative designed to improve safety on off-system rural roads. This year’s HRRR selections include 16 counties with total projects costs of $11 million. When Coronavirus Relief Funds and Highway Infrastructure Program funds became available earlier this year, KDOT was able to distribute twice the funds typically available for HRRR annually.&nbsp;“This $8.5 million will go a long way to improve critical local roadways, protect Kansans, and spur economic growth,”&nbsp;said Governor Laura Kelly. “As our economy continues to recover from COVID-19, we must use every tool in our disposal to ensure a strong, resilient foundation for years to come. Congratulations to the 16 Kansas counties that submitted successful applications.”Kansas HRRR funds cover 90-100 percent of total project cost with the counties making up the difference if required. KDOT was able to select six additional HRRR projects for Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2022 and several projects previously scheduled for FFY 2023 have moved up to FFY 2022.“When additional federal coronavirus relief funds became available, KDOT recognized the need to move quickly to expand the HRRR program to as many counties as possible,”&nbsp;said KDOT Secretary Julie Lorenz. “Even with the additional money, we are only able to fund half the applications received, which shows the high demand for rural safety projects.”KDOT received more than 30 applications for 2021 HRRR safety-related funding for off-system rural roadways. HRRR project funding ranged from $62,000 to $1.4 million. Counties sent in applications for this program from November 2020 to the end of February 2021.Projects in this program fall into one of two categories: Systemic (encompassing a local roadway collector network) or Site Specific. Projects in the Systemic category are 100 percent federally funded and do not require a local match. Site Specific projects are 90 percent federally funded with the county contributing at least 10 percent of the cost.The county, category, amount awarded, federal fiscal year (FFY) and brief description for HRRR projects receiving funds are shown below:<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620320668822.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620320540815.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>* Indicates counties identified as being especially hard-hit economically because of COVID-19.

Ellis, NW Kan. counties receive state dollars for rural road safety improvements

On this episode of Forward Ever; Leading in Challenging Times, Gary Shorman&nbsp;speaks with Hays Med president and CEO Edward Herrmann.

<div><iframe title="Forward Ever: Hays Med president and CEO Edward Herrmann" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=8yzzi-102c0fa-pb&from=pb6admin&download=1&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3&btn-skin=3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of Forward Ever; Leading in Challenging Times, Gary Shorman&nbsp;speaks with Hays Med president and CEO Edward Herrmann.

🎤Forward Ever: Hays Med president and CEO Edward Herrmann

By CRISTINA JANNEY Hays Post

A local librarian is working on two more experiments that are aimed at helping scientists learn how to grow food in space.

He is also looking for local students, families and gardeners to participate in a second round of the space chile pepper challenge.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/0b3c6f3b-cf59-41d2-86e3-c28e58490d1e">Steve Arthur, Ellis Public Library director, coordinated a local citizen scientist project to grow New Mexican chimayo chile peppers in the fall.</a>

The goal of the ongoing space food projects is to develop ways to grow food in space. This would include during missions to Mars or at a long-term base on the moon.

"One of the things that I started thinking about was if we colonize Mars, eventually they are going to need grains," he said. "You can't live off vegetables and salad forever. I want to try to grow wheat in this."

Although Arthur still intends to grow wheat, his latest space food experiment involves growing Elbon rye, a variety developed in Oklahoma. Arthur chose to start with the rye on the suggestion of a seed dealer in Healy, who said the rye was developed to grow in very harsh environments.

Arthur wanted to best simulate the growing conditions on Mars. He ordered regolith, a loose combination of dust and rock, that mimics what would be found on Mars.

However, he needed some organic matter to fertilize the plants. Scientists in Holland had used grass clippings and cow manure, but Arthur knew astronauts would not have access to those materials in space.

He obtained a bag of dried sludge (partially decomposed human waste) from the wastewater treatment plant. He mixed that with the regolith and planted the rye.&nbsp; Arthur is using grow lights that simulate a 12-hour day on Mars.

Arthur said he was amazed at the rye's growth. The rye germinated within four days. By the end of the week, the rye was 4 centimeters tall. After two weeks of growth, the rye was 24 centimeters tall.

"It's kind of fun to come to work every day because the first thing I do is go in there and get my meter stick out and start measuring leaves to see if it's grown any more," he said.

Once the rye sets on seeds, Arthur plans to harvest it and reuse the regolith, including any roots that are left in the potting material.

At this point, he will start another cycle of plants, but will introduce earth worms. A previous study found the worms cannot only process the organic matter in the regolith, but they can reproduce in the regolith.

&nbsp;In researching his grains project, the seed dealer in Healy also provided Arthur with samples of Turkey Red wheat, which was the original wheat variety grown in Kansas by early settlers, and Tatanka wheat, which was developed by the wheat breeder at the K-State Ag Research Center in Hays.

Arthur said he hopes to plant a crop of wheat as part of his Mars experiment this fall. Wheat is different than rye in that it has to be exposed to cold, which forces the plants into a dormancy period.&nbsp;

Mars doesn't have Earth's seasons. Arthur said he may try to replicate the wheat dormancy period by using an old refrigerator.

Another researcher contacted Arthur to join yet another citizen scientist experiment growing microgreens.

Microgreens are leafy greens that are harvested shortly after they sprout. You may have eaten them on a salad or seen them used as a garnish.

Dr. Richard Barker, astrobotanist at the University of Wisconsin, is interested in microgreens for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as a source of vitamin C. This could be important for astronauts who would be exposed to higher levels of radiation than their peers on Earth, Arthur said.

Barker has enlisted Arthur's help as a project manager to develop this as a citizen-scientist project. The goal would be similar to the pepper project, in that growers would collect data and help the scientist refine growing strategies to be used in space.

Initially, Arthur plans to grow Genovese basil, borage and&nbsp;tricolor&nbsp;amaranth.

"Our participation in all of this is one, super cool," Arthur said, "because who would think a little library in a little town would be able to have input into big science?"

Only three families' and the St. Mary's Catholic School's plants produced peppers out of the first space pepper experiment.

Arthur also had some peppers, but he said his results were inconclusive.

Growers struggled to keep the peppers warm enough to produce, especially when the area was hit with frigid temperatures in February.

NASA scientists have struggled growing the peppers, as well. The peppers that are being grown in the lab are not hot and don't have a lot of flavor, Arthur said. He said some of his peppers had a little heat, but others were bland.

Arthur said he set up his grow area using the dimensions of the grow space on the International Space Station. He said this inhibited the peppers' growth, so he plans to give the plants a larger growing space for the next round of peppers.

The NASA scientist in charge of the project encouraged Arthur to not be discouraged by what might first appear as a failure.

"Everything that you do is a potential data point, and he goes, 'Even if it doesn't look successful, it is still successful because now we know how it responds to these conditions,'" Arthur said.

Arthur has already received seeds and is looking for volunteers for the next phase of the space chile challenge.

During this experiment, citizen-scientists will be asked to grow chile peppers again and keep data on their growing methods. You don't have to have fancy grow lights to grow the peppers. They can be grown in containers in soil outdoors, Arthur said.

Similar peppers are going to be launched into space on June 3. Scientists will look at the Earth data and compare it to results in space to refine growing methods that will be used in space in the future, Arthur said.

"This is potentially going to be the biggest ground experiment in astrobotany history because there are so many people internationally and in the United States who are participating in this," Arthur said. "I want people in Ellis to be a part of that. I hope more people will get interested, because they are making history."

Arthur said these experiments are important as a way to involve young people in science. He said he sees libraries as fueling dreams.

"I want people out here to have that opportunity," he said, "because there are a lot of dreamers out here. I think this a good opportunity to do something like this and reinforce those dreams they already have."

When Arthur was a child, a Disney library book on space sparked a lifelong love of space, rocketry and astronomy.&nbsp;

"Hopefully, this library can hook a kid too," he said. "We start his dream here and the teachers at the schools help him realize it and send him on the right path."

If you are interested in being part of the PH-04 Space Chile Challenge, contact Arthur as soon as possible by coming by the Ellis library, 907 Washington, call 785-726-3464 or email bigcreekrocketry@eaglecom.net.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620244713268.jpeg" alt="Ellis Public Library Director Steve Arthur is involved in several experiments that are hoping to identify the best techniques for growing food in space." />
 <figcaption>Ellis Public Library Director Steve Arthur is involved in several experiments that are hoping to identify the best techniques for growing food in space.</figcaption>
 </figure>By CRISTINA JANNEY Hays PostA local librarian is working on two more experiments that are aimed at helping scientists learn how to grow food in space.He is also looking for local students, families and gardeners to participate in a second round of the space chile pepper challenge.<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/0b3c6f3b-cf59-41d2-86e3-c28e58490d1e">Steve Arthur, Ellis Public Library director, coordinated a local citizen scientist project to grow New Mexican chimayo chile peppers in the fall.</a>The goal of the ongoing space food projects is to develop ways to grow food in space. This would include during missions to Mars or at a long-term base on the moon.<h2>Space rye, wheat</h2>"One of the things that I started thinking about was if we colonize Mars, eventually they are going to need grains," he said. "You can't live off vegetables and salad forever. I want to try to grow wheat in this."Although Arthur still intends to grow wheat, his latest space food experiment involves growing Elbon rye, a variety developed in Oklahoma. Arthur chose to start with the rye on the suggestion of a seed dealer in Healy, who said the rye was developed to grow in very harsh environments.Arthur wanted to best simulate the growing conditions on Mars. He ordered regolith, a loose combination of dust and rock, that mimics what would be found on Mars.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620246690442.jpeg" alt="Steve Arthur's space rye experiment at the Ellis Public Library. Arthur is using a grow light to simulate 12 hours of daylight on Mars." />
 <figcaption>Steve Arthur's space rye experiment at the Ellis Public Library. Arthur is using a grow light to simulate 12 hours of daylight on Mars.</figcaption>
 </figure>However, he needed some organic matter to fertilize the plants. Scientists in Holland had used grass clippings and cow manure, but Arthur knew astronauts would not have access to those materials in space.He obtained a bag of dried sludge (partially decomposed human waste) from the wastewater treatment plant. He mixed that with the regolith and planted the rye.&nbsp; Arthur is using grow lights that simulate a 12-hour day on Mars.Arthur said he was amazed at the rye's growth. The rye germinated within four days. By the end of the week, the rye was 4 centimeters tall. After two weeks of growth, the rye was 24 centimeters tall."It's kind of fun to come to work every day because the first thing I do is go in there and get my meter stick out and start measuring leaves to see if it's grown any more," he said.Once the rye sets on seeds, Arthur plans to harvest it and reuse the regolith, including any roots that are left in the potting material.At this point, he will start another cycle of plants, but will introduce earth worms. A previous study found the worms cannot only process the organic matter in the regolith, but they can reproduce in the regolith.&nbsp;In researching his grains project, the seed dealer in Healy also provided Arthur with samples of Turkey Red wheat, which was the original wheat variety grown in Kansas by early settlers, and Tatanka wheat, which was developed by the wheat breeder at the K-State Ag Research Center in Hays.Arthur said he hopes to plant a crop of wheat as part of his Mars experiment this fall. Wheat is different than rye in that it has to be exposed to cold, which forces the plants into a dormancy period.&nbsp;Mars doesn't have Earth's seasons. Arthur said he may try to replicate the wheat dormancy period by using an old refrigerator.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620247416837.jpeg" alt="Steve Arthur's rye plants have grown 24 inches in two weeks, growing in material similar to that found on Mars plus dried human waste as fertilizer." />
 <figcaption>Steve Arthur's rye plants have grown 24 inches in two weeks, growing in material similar to that found on Mars plus dried human waste as fertilizer.</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Space microgreens as food, medicine</h2>Another researcher contacted Arthur to join yet another citizen scientist experiment growing microgreens.Microgreens are leafy greens that are harvested shortly after they sprout. You may have eaten them on a salad or seen them used as a garnish.Dr. Richard Barker, astrobotanist at the University of Wisconsin, is interested in microgreens for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as a source of vitamin C. This could be important for astronauts who would be exposed to higher levels of radiation than their peers on Earth, Arthur said.Barker has enlisted Arthur's help as a project manager to develop this as a citizen-scientist project. The goal would be similar to the pepper project, in that growers would collect data and help the scientist refine growing strategies to be used in space.Initially, Arthur plans to grow Genovese basil, borage and&nbsp;tricolor&nbsp;amaranth."Our participation in all of this is one, super cool," Arthur said, "because who would think a little library in a little town would be able to have input into big science?"<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620247659500.jpeg" alt="Ellis Girl Scout Amethyst Moses with her chile pepper from the space food experiment at the Ellis Public Library. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Ellis Girl Scout Amethyst Moses with her chile pepper from the space food experiment at the Ellis Public Library. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>First round of space peppers struggle</h2>Only three families' and the St. Mary's Catholic School's plants produced peppers out of the first space pepper experiment.Arthur also had some peppers, but he said his results were inconclusive.Growers struggled to keep the peppers warm enough to produce, especially when the area was hit with frigid temperatures in February.NASA scientists have struggled growing the peppers, as well. The peppers that are being grown in the lab are not hot and don't have a lot of flavor, Arthur said. He said some of his peppers had a little heat, but others were bland.Arthur said he set up his grow area using the dimensions of the grow space on the International Space Station. He said this inhibited the peppers' growth, so he plans to give the plants a larger growing space for the next round of peppers.The NASA scientist in charge of the project encouraged Arthur to not be discouraged by what might first appear as a failure."Everything that you do is a potential data point, and he goes, 'Even if it doesn't look successful, it is still successful because now we know how it responds to these conditions,'" Arthur said.<h2>You too can be a space farmer</h2><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620246531885.jpeg" alt="The PH04 Grow Out Space Chile Challange" />
 <figcaption>The PH04 Grow Out Space Chile Challange</figcaption>
 </figure>Arthur has already received seeds and is looking for volunteers for the next phase of the space chile challenge.During this experiment, citizen-scientists will be asked to grow chile peppers again and keep data on their growing methods. You don't have to have fancy grow lights to grow the peppers. They can be grown in containers in soil outdoors, Arthur said.Similar peppers are going to be launched into space on June 3. Scientists will look at the Earth data and compare it to results in space to refine growing methods that will be used in space in the future, Arthur said."This is potentially going to be the biggest ground experiment in astrobotany history because there are so many people internationally and in the United States who are participating in this," Arthur said. "I want people in Ellis to be a part of that. I hope more people will get interested, because they are making history."<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620247831667.jpeg" alt="Chile pepper grown by Schield Family. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Chile pepper grown by Schield Family. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Fueling dreams</h2>Arthur said these experiments are important as a way to involve young people in science. He said he sees libraries as fueling dreams."I want people out here to have that opportunity," he said, "because there are a lot of dreamers out here. I think this a good opportunity to do something like this and reinforce those dreams they already have."When Arthur was a child, a Disney library book on space sparked a lifelong love of space, rocketry and astronomy.&nbsp;"Hopefully, this library can hook a kid too," he said. "We start his dream here and the teachers at the schools help him realize it and send him on the right path."If you are interested in being part of the PH-04 Space Chile Challenge, contact Arthur as soon as possible by coming by the Ellis library, 907 Washington, call 785-726-3464 or email bigcreekrocketry@eaglecom.net.

Little Ellis library involved in 'big science' of space farming 

<a href="https://medicalcityhealthcare.com">Medical City Healthcare</a>

DALLAS — Joseph Parra, MD, has joined Medical City Healthcare as division chief medical officer.

As CMO, Dr. Parra provides senior clinical direction and leads the 
continuous effort to improve patient care and quality within the Medical
 City Healthcare network. He will collaborate with physicians, 
clinicians, colleagues and leadership to ensure the successful 
implementation of the division’s multi-faceted patient and colleague 
safety initiatives.

“Providing the highest level of quality, compassionate care is our 
top priority,” says Erol Akdamar, FACHE, president of Medical City 
Healthcare. “Dr. Parra’s experience in clinical staff leadership, 
clinical research, strategic planning and operational collaboration 
across a complex array of medical disciplines will help support our 
division as the destination of choice for healthcare excellence across 
North Texas.”

Prior to this role, Dr. Parra served as CMO at HCA Healthcare’s North
 Florida Regional Medical Center since 2019. Under his leadership, 
operational improvements and attention to clinical excellence resulted 
in increased quality scores and physician satisfaction. As the clinical 
leader throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, he anticipated trends and 
implemented guidance from HCA Healthcare and the CDC. Previously, he 
served as CMO of Orange Park Medical Center for four years, achieving 
Level II Trauma status and starting a graduate medical education 
program, among other initiatives.

A hospitalist by training, Dr. Parra holds multiple medical board 
appointments and is involved in several philanthropic organizations, 
including PACE for at-risk youth, the American Cancer Society and 
mission trips through Medical Ministry International. He earned a Master
 in Business Administration from Fort Hays State University and a 
Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Kansas.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620221038820.jpeg" alt="Parra" />
 <figcaption>Parra</figcaption>
 </figure><a href="https://medicalcityhealthcare.com">Medical City Healthcare</a>DALLAS — Joseph Parra, MD, has joined Medical City Healthcare as division chief medical officer.As CMO, Dr. Parra provides senior clinical direction and leads the 
continuous effort to improve patient care and quality within the Medical
 City Healthcare network. He will collaborate with physicians, 
clinicians, colleagues and leadership to ensure the successful 
implementation of the division’s multi-faceted patient and colleague 
safety initiatives.“Providing the highest level of quality, compassionate care is our 
top priority,” says Erol Akdamar, FACHE, president of Medical City 
Healthcare. “Dr. Parra’s experience in clinical staff leadership, 
clinical research, strategic planning and operational collaboration 
across a complex array of medical disciplines will help support our 
division as the destination of choice for healthcare excellence across 
North Texas.”Prior to this role, Dr. Parra served as CMO at HCA Healthcare’s North
 Florida Regional Medical Center since 2019. Under his leadership, 
operational improvements and attention to clinical excellence resulted 
in increased quality scores and physician satisfaction. As the clinical 
leader throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, he anticipated trends and 
implemented guidance from HCA Healthcare and the CDC. Previously, he 
served as CMO of Orange Park Medical Center for four years, achieving 
Level II Trauma status and starting a graduate medical education 
program, among other initiatives.A hospitalist by training, Dr. Parra holds multiple medical board 
appointments and is involved in several philanthropic organizations, 
including PACE for at-risk youth, the American Cancer Society and 
mission trips through Medical Ministry International. He earned a Master
 in Business Administration from Fort Hays State University and a 
Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Kansas.

FHSU alum named chief medical officer by Dallas health system

The Better Business Bureau recently announced the winners of BBB’s 2021 Scott Mecham Student of Integrity Award Scholarships from The Kansas Plains.&nbsp;

These awards were created to promote ethics and integrity among young people so they may be motivated to continue incorporating moral values into every aspect of their lives. Public, private and home-schooled high school seniors from BBB’s service area were invited to apply.&nbsp;

Twelve graduating students who have demonstrated outstanding community service, leadership and personal integrity annually receive $2,000 scholarships from BBB’s Education Foundation for their post-secondary education expenses at any accredited institution. Winners were chosen across BBB’s service area of The Kansas Plains, Omaha/Southwest Iowa; Lincoln/Greater Nebraska; and South Dakota. They were chosen by independent panels of judges based mainly on the content of a required essay about a situation the students were personally involved in that tested their ethical philosophy.&nbsp;

2021 BBB Students of Integrity from The Kansas Plains

Makenna Roths&nbsp;will be graduating from Southeast of Saline High School, Gypsum. She will attend Wichita State University Cohen Honors College and pursue a Bachelor of Science Degree. Makenna stated, “I have chosen my intended major to be Geology because it has many career opportunities, all of which will allow me to continue to learn, research and discover. My passion for learning new things and discovering the unknown will be my driving force as I work to make a positive impact on my society that will carry on to make a positive impact on the world.”

Audrey Rymer&nbsp;is from Hays, and she is graduating from Hays High School. Audrey will be attending the Fort Hays State University, where she plans to begin pursuing a career in medicine. She would like to be an Orthopedic or Cardiac surgeon. She says, “I am fascinated with the human body and how just a minor fault in the body can have drastic repercussions.” Audrey has come to love being in hospitals through her parents who both work in them as well as the time she has had to spend in them because of injuries she has sustained in her life.

Jaylah Hurley&nbsp;will be a graduate of Inman High School. At Fort Hays State University, she is going to pursue an Associate of Science Degree in Radiologic Technology and then a Bachelor of Science Degree in Medical Diagnostic Imaging. Along with observation experiences in different radiology departments and clinical experience during college, Jaylah plans to begin a career as a radiologist technologist upon graduating.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“These ‘Students of Integrity’ personify all of the best aspects of ethical behavior and fine character in their personal choices and actions. They serve as role models for others to emulate,” said BBB President and CEO Jim Hegarty.&nbsp;“Unlike many other scholarships, grades, financial need and ethnicity are not factors in selecting the recipients. Makenna, Audrey and Jaylah are receiving these scholarships because of their commitment to honesty and accountability inside and outside of the classroom. The Better Business Bureau and its Foundation are proud to honor these amazing young adults with this prestigious award.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579883951052.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The Better Business Bureau recently announced the winners of BBB’s 2021 Scott Mecham Student of Integrity Award Scholarships from The Kansas Plains.&nbsp;<h2>BBB Student of Integrity Awards</h2>These awards were created to promote ethics and integrity among young people so they may be motivated to continue incorporating moral values into every aspect of their lives. Public, private and home-schooled high school seniors from BBB’s service area were invited to apply.&nbsp;Twelve graduating students who have demonstrated outstanding community service, leadership and personal integrity annually receive $2,000 scholarships from BBB’s Education Foundation for their post-secondary education expenses at any accredited institution. Winners were chosen across BBB’s service area of The Kansas Plains, Omaha/Southwest Iowa; Lincoln/Greater Nebraska; and South Dakota. They were chosen by independent panels of judges based mainly on the content of a required essay about a situation the students were personally involved in that tested their ethical philosophy.&nbsp;<h2>2021 BBB Students of Integrity from The Kansas Plains</h2>Makenna Roths&nbsp;will be graduating from Southeast of Saline High School, Gypsum. She will attend Wichita State University Cohen Honors College and pursue a Bachelor of Science Degree. Makenna stated, “I have chosen my intended major to be Geology because it has many career opportunities, all of which will allow me to continue to learn, research and discover. My passion for learning new things and discovering the unknown will be my driving force as I work to make a positive impact on my society that will carry on to make a positive impact on the world.”Audrey Rymer&nbsp;is from Hays, and she is graduating from Hays High School. Audrey will be attending the Fort Hays State University, where she plans to begin pursuing a career in medicine. She would like to be an Orthopedic or Cardiac surgeon. She says, “I am fascinated with the human body and how just a minor fault in the body can have drastic repercussions.” Audrey has come to love being in hospitals through her parents who both work in them as well as the time she has had to spend in them because of injuries she has sustained in her life.Jaylah Hurley&nbsp;will be a graduate of Inman High School. At Fort Hays State University, she is going to pursue an Associate of Science Degree in Radiologic Technology and then a Bachelor of Science Degree in Medical Diagnostic Imaging. Along with observation experiences in different radiology departments and clinical experience during college, Jaylah plans to begin a career as a radiologist technologist upon graduating.&nbsp;&nbsp;“These ‘Students of Integrity’ personify all of the best aspects of ethical behavior and fine character in their personal choices and actions. They serve as role models for others to emulate,” said BBB President and CEO Jim Hegarty.&nbsp;“Unlike many other scholarships, grades, financial need and ethnicity are not factors in selecting the recipients. Makenna, Audrey and Jaylah are receiving these scholarships because of their commitment to honesty and accountability inside and outside of the classroom. The Better Business Bureau and its Foundation are proud to honor these amazing young adults with this prestigious award.”— Submitted

Hays High student among those honored by Better Business Bureau

This has been an incredible semester of good news for our campus community. From outstanding accreditation visits to national championships in several different departments – and numerous other examples, too many to name – spring 2021 will be remembered as a semester of success and celebration at Fort Hays State University.

One such success story is that of Whitney Randall, a senior on the Tiger women’s basketball team, who was named the 2021 MIAA Women’s Winter Student-Athlete of the Year. Only one other FHSU student-athlete – All-American Kate Lehman (2011-15) – has won this prestigious award from the MIAA, one of the best NCAA Division II conferences in the country.

Whitney is an incredible person, an accomplished student-athlete, and an individual who gives generously to her teammates and her community.

This award is not given on athletic talent alone, although Whitney did earn first-team all-MIAA honors for her success on the court. It is also based on the academic and campus/community service accomplishments of individuals who are a junior or a senior in athletic eligibility and have a grade-point average of at least 3.25.

Whitney shines in all three areas. On the athletic front, she led her team in scoring while providing senior leadership and experience for a young team with eight underclassmen on the 12-player roster. Academically, Whitney – a health and human performance major who wants to teach and coach – has maintained a perfect 4.0 throughout her entire college career. She plays a role in the Christian Challenge ministry through the Celebration Community Church. She has participated in three international mission trips as an FHSU student. And during the summer months, she serves as a sponsor and counselor for youth from her hometown during a week-long Christian church camp.

Whitney is an incredible person, an accomplished student-athlete, and an individual who gives generously to her teammates and her community. I will admit that I am a bit “star-struck” by several of our community members like Whitney. It’s always interesting to hear where they got their start. It turns out that Whitney learned about Fort Hays State from her dad – J.P. Randall, a standout defensive player on the Tiger football team in the early 1980s – who talked fondly of his college days at FHSU.

Whitney grew up in Alva, Okla., and began playing recreation league basketball when she was 5 years old. I am pretty sure I had not even seen a basketball when I was 5!

Her success with basketball came early, and she helped lead her high school team to three state championships. That drive to succeed was one of the reasons Whitney chose FHSU – the success of Lady Tiger basketball – coupled with the community support that our university and athletic teams enjoy.

Whitney loves the competitiveness of the game and its fast pace. I also learned about her deep affection for her teammates – or as Whitney would say, her best friends.

“We’re more than just teammates,” she said. “We are a family, and we do everything together. The coaches are very supportive, whether it’s on or off the court. They help us when we need it and always have our backs.”

Whitney’s favorite college basketball memory came in 2019 when Fort Hays State hosted the Central Region tournament, and more than 5,000 raucous, loyal fans came to cheer them on.

“When we walked onto the court with 5 minutes until tip-off, I stood in amazement,” she said. “For an athlete, that’s one thing I would want everyone to experience. It’s a dream to have thousands of people cheer you on in a big moment.”&nbsp;

I still get goosebumps as I recall the loud, packed, high-energy crowd that day. It is a powerful memory. I had to chuckle when Whitney shared, “When I can’t hear Coach Hobson when I’m on the court or even when we’re in a huddle, that’s when I know the fans have really shown up!”&nbsp;

Another highlight for Whitney was the excitement of winning conference titles in 2019 and 2021 and making the NCAA tournament every year she has been at the Fort. As she describes the wins, she always circles back to talking about one of the reasons she chose FHSU – community support.

Whitney really appreciates our Tiger fans. So do I. We have a very loyal fan base that sticks with us in the moments of glory as well the tough losses.&nbsp;

Part of anyone’s history are moments of struggle as well as success. It's no different for Whitney.

“I would say there are tough spots for every collegiate athlete. My freshman year was when I struggled the most. I learned that everyone has to learn how to balance school, sports, and life,” she said. “I have also learned that there is a time when it is your turn to shine and when it is your turn to cheer on someone else from the bench. That is something that makes you a better teammate as well as a better leader – on and off the court.”

In reminiscing about her time as an athlete, Whitney believes “it takes a lot to be a champion. It’s not just about the sport. It’s about going to classes, showing up on time, sacrificing, and being unselfish. Teams succeed when they have a common goal, and it doesn’t matter who the star is.”&nbsp;

I am so honored to be part of this university and this community, where people connect deeply and sincerely. We have so many “all-stars” in our student body, faculty, staff, and community. That is why we work hard, learn, grow, and celebrate one another.&nbsp;

I cannot wait to see Whitney receive her award this summer and share in this significant accomplishment. I am very proud of Whitney, her coaches, faculty, teammates, family, and friends – all who have shaped her heart and mind, and in the process, loved her into an extraordinary woman of character and a true champion.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Dr. Tisa Mason, FHSU president" />
 <figcaption>Dr. Tisa Mason, FHSU president</figcaption>
 </figure>This has been an incredible semester of good news for our campus community. From outstanding accreditation visits to national championships in several different departments – and numerous other examples, too many to name – spring 2021 will be remembered as a semester of success and celebration at Fort Hays State University.One such success story is that of Whitney Randall, a senior on the Tiger women’s basketball team, who was named the 2021 MIAA Women’s Winter Student-Athlete of the Year. Only one other FHSU student-athlete – All-American Kate Lehman (2011-15) – has won this prestigious award from the MIAA, one of the best NCAA Division II conferences in the country.Whitney is an incredible person, an accomplished student-athlete, and an individual who gives generously to her teammates and her community.This award is not given on athletic talent alone, although Whitney did earn first-team all-MIAA honors for her success on the court. It is also based on the academic and campus/community service accomplishments of individuals who are a junior or a senior in athletic eligibility and have a grade-point average of at least 3.25.Whitney shines in all three areas. On the athletic front, she led her team in scoring while providing senior leadership and experience for a young team with eight underclassmen on the 12-player roster. Academically, Whitney – a health and human performance major who wants to teach and coach – has maintained a perfect 4.0 throughout her entire college career. She plays a role in the Christian Challenge ministry through the Celebration Community Church. She has participated in three international mission trips as an FHSU student. And during the summer months, she serves as a sponsor and counselor for youth from her hometown during a week-long Christian church camp.Whitney is an incredible person, an accomplished student-athlete, and an individual who gives generously to her teammates and her community. I will admit that I am a bit “star-struck” by several of our community members like Whitney. It’s always interesting to hear where they got their start. It turns out that Whitney learned about Fort Hays State from her dad – J.P. Randall, a standout defensive player on the Tiger football team in the early 1980s – who talked fondly of his college days at FHSU.Whitney grew up in Alva, Okla., and began playing recreation league basketball when she was 5 years old. I am pretty sure I had not even seen a basketball when I was 5!Her success with basketball came early, and she helped lead her high school team to three state championships. That drive to succeed was one of the reasons Whitney chose FHSU – the success of Lady Tiger basketball – coupled with the community support that our university and athletic teams enjoy.Whitney loves the competitiveness of the game and its fast pace. I also learned about her deep affection for her teammates – or as Whitney would say, her best friends.“We’re more than just teammates,” she said. “We are a family, and we do everything together. The coaches are very supportive, whether it’s on or off the court. They help us when we need it and always have our backs.”Whitney’s favorite college basketball memory came in 2019 when Fort Hays State hosted the Central Region tournament, and more than 5,000 raucous, loyal fans came to cheer them on.“When we walked onto the court with 5 minutes until tip-off, I stood in amazement,” she said. “For an athlete, that’s one thing I would want everyone to experience. It’s a dream to have thousands of people cheer you on in a big moment.”&nbsp;I still get goosebumps as I recall the loud, packed, high-energy crowd that day. It is a powerful memory. I had to chuckle when Whitney shared, “When I can’t hear Coach Hobson when I’m on the court or even when we’re in a huddle, that’s when I know the fans have really shown up!”&nbsp;Another highlight for Whitney was the excitement of winning conference titles in 2019 and 2021 and making the NCAA tournament every year she has been at the Fort. As she describes the wins, she always circles back to talking about one of the reasons she chose FHSU – community support.Whitney really appreciates our Tiger fans. So do I. We have a very loyal fan base that sticks with us in the moments of glory as well the tough losses.&nbsp;Part of anyone’s history are moments of struggle as well as success. It's no different for Whitney.“I would say there are tough spots for every collegiate athlete. My freshman year was when I struggled the most. I learned that everyone has to learn how to balance school, sports, and life,” she said. “I have also learned that there is a time when it is your turn to shine and when it is your turn to cheer on someone else from the bench. That is something that makes you a better teammate as well as a better leader – on and off the court.”In reminiscing about her time as an athlete, Whitney believes “it takes a lot to be a champion. It’s not just about the sport. It’s about going to classes, showing up on time, sacrificing, and being unselfish. Teams succeed when they have a common goal, and it doesn’t matter who the star is.”&nbsp;I am so honored to be part of this university and this community, where people connect deeply and sincerely. We have so many “all-stars” in our student body, faculty, staff, and community. That is why we work hard, learn, grow, and celebrate one another.&nbsp;I cannot wait to see Whitney receive her award this summer and share in this significant accomplishment. I am very proud of Whitney, her coaches, faculty, teammates, family, and friends – all who have shaped her heart and mind, and in the process, loved her into an extraordinary woman of character and a true champion.&nbsp;

MASON: Celebrating a true Tiger champion

Three-day weather outlook

Happy Mother’s Day to all of the moms out there! The month of May has arrived and that means a frenzy of activity for families who are celebrating Mother’s day or graduations in the days ahead. Hopefully your weekend plans include some good family time. I feel so blessed to have been a mother the past forty years and have now earned the title of grandma. Having four active grandchildren recently provided opportunities to catch a soccer game in Lindsborg, a track-meet in Washington, and a gymnastics meet in Salina. (All within 30 hours) The six-year-old, who was along for the ride, reminded us that his baseball games will start soon. You can be sure, we’ll be planning to attend.

Nearly 140 people in the Cottonwood Extension District are celebrating the conclusion of the eight-week long Walk Kansas program on May 22nd.&nbsp; Most of the teams have met or surpassed their goal to exercise at least 30 minutes five times a week. I am hoping with the more spring like weather it won’t be hard to keep the habit of regular exercise going.

	And finally, May 17-23 is designated as “Bicycle to Work Week.”&nbsp; Since I am passionate about cycling whenever I have the chance I consider this week a celebration. Although it is estimated that less than 1 percent of adult Americans commute to work by bicycle, roughly 41 percent of work commutes are shorter than 5 miles. In my case, my husband John and I log seven miles a day which includes two round trips to my office. Unless it is below 20 degrees or icy underfoot, you are likely to see us in our hi-vis green jackets and helmets, pedaling along on our tandem bike.&nbsp;

	Bicycle commuting is a great way to squeeze regular exercise into a busy schedule. Commuting time can be used to stay in shape instead of sitting frustrated in traffic. Statistics also show that bicycle commuters are happier and more productive at work. As more cyclists take to the streets as summer approaches, make sure you take time to review bicycle safety rules with young riders.&nbsp; &nbsp;

	Whether you are riding for fun, fitness or with family, or taking essential trips to work or shop, you are part of a movement for safer streets, connected communities, a healthier planet, and happier people.&nbsp;

So, whatever you are celebrating this May, have a wonderful time!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Happy Mother’s Day to all of the moms out there! The month of May has arrived and that means a frenzy of activity for families who are celebrating Mother’s day or graduations in the days ahead. Hopefully your weekend plans include some good family time. I feel so blessed to have been a mother the past forty years and have now earned the title of grandma. Having four active grandchildren recently provided opportunities to catch a soccer game in Lindsborg, a track-meet in Washington, and a gymnastics meet in Salina. (All within 30 hours) The six-year-old, who was along for the ride, reminded us that his baseball games will start soon. You can be sure, we’ll be planning to attend.Nearly 140 people in the Cottonwood Extension District are celebrating the conclusion of the eight-week long Walk Kansas program on May 22nd.&nbsp; Most of the teams have met or surpassed their goal to exercise at least 30 minutes five times a week. I am hoping with the more spring like weather it won’t be hard to keep the habit of regular exercise going.	And finally, May 17-23 is designated as “Bicycle to Work Week.”&nbsp; Since I am passionate about cycling whenever I have the chance I consider this week a celebration. Although it is estimated that less than 1 percent of adult Americans commute to work by bicycle, roughly 41 percent of work commutes are shorter than 5 miles. In my case, my husband John and I log seven miles a day which includes two round trips to my office. Unless it is below 20 degrees or icy underfoot, you are likely to see us in our hi-vis green jackets and helmets, pedaling along on our tandem bike.&nbsp;	Bicycle commuting is a great way to squeeze regular exercise into a busy schedule. Commuting time can be used to stay in shape instead of sitting frustrated in traffic. Statistics also show that bicycle commuters are happier and more productive at work. As more cyclists take to the streets as summer approaches, make sure you take time to review bicycle safety rules with young riders.&nbsp; &nbsp;	Whether you are riding for fun, fitness or with family, or taking essential trips to work or shop, you are part of a movement for safer streets, connected communities, a healthier planet, and happier people.&nbsp;So, whatever you are celebrating this May, have a wonderful time!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Lets celebrate May

TREGO COUNTY —One person was injured in an accident just before 4p.m. Wednesday in Trego County.

The Kansas Highway Patrol reported a 2008 Honda passenger vehicle driven by Johnston, Dustin L. Johnston, 38, Wichita, westbound on Interstate 70 three miles west of the Ellis County line.

The driver lost control of the vehicle when he attempted to pass a semi. The Honda entered the north ditch, rolled and came to rest on its top.

EMS transported Johnston to Trego County-Lemke Memorial Hospital. He was properly restrained at the time of the accident, according to the KHP.

TREGO COUNTY —One person was injured in an accident just before 4p.m. Wednesday in Trego County.The Kansas Highway Patrol reported a 2008 Honda passenger vehicle driven by Johnston, Dustin L. Johnston, 38, Wichita, westbound on Interstate 70 three miles west of the Ellis County line.The driver lost control of the vehicle when he attempted to pass a semi. The Honda entered the north ditch, rolled and came to rest on its top.EMS transported Johnston to Trego County-Lemke Memorial Hospital. He was properly restrained at the time of the accident, according to the KHP.

Kan. man hospitalized after I-70 rollover crash

By BECKY KISER Hays Post

The city of Hays' share of the Ellis County sales tax would be used to help&nbsp; finance two projects that will be discussed during Thursday's city commission work session.

Bids have been solicited for installation of synthetic Astroturf at the Bickle-Schmidt Sports Complex.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Jeff Boyle, parks director, is recommending the low bid of $1.5 million from&nbsp;Mid-America Sports Construction, the same company&nbsp;that installed the turf at Larks Park and Hays High&nbsp;School.

Staff is also&nbsp;requesting an additional $20,000 contingency for unknowns and $50,000 to&nbsp;address the bullpens bringing the total cost of the project to $1,627,557.

The Hays Recreation Commission will put $700,000 toward the project and city commission capital reserves will kick in another $927,000.

"Along with alternates, the project would&nbsp;replace all of the current infields with synthetic turf and allow for slightly enlarged infields for different base configurations on fields 5, 6 and 8," said Collin Bielser, asst. city manager. "This will allow for more hosting of baseball tournaments for athletes ages 13 and younger."

The city is also resuming discussion of constructing a second fire station in Hays, which would be funded with the additional sales tax revenue.

The proposed location is at 41st and Post Road, the site of a city water well on approximately four acres owned by the city.

The new station would become headquarters for the fire department.

"Obviously, Hays has grown on both the east and west sides but the west side growth has been a little more aggressive. Plus we have the addition of more commercial opportunities occurring in the northwest part of Hays with the [Interstate 70] Exit 157 [improvement]," Bielser said.

Construction of a truck stop and retail plaza is underway just north of the intersection.

The second fire station would be positioned alongside an arterial street.

"It provides fast access to the bypass, or up to Hall and over to Vine, where those commercial businesses are located."

Other agenda items for discussion include:

* Petitions to vacate portions of west Vine Street frontage road by Hays Chevrolet and Pheasant Inn restaurant as part of the North Vine Street Corridor Improvement Project

* Review of the Rural Housing Improvement District policy. The state has made changes to the economic development tool.

The entire May 6 agenda is available <a href="https://www.haysusa.com/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_05062021-1268">here</a>.

The work session begins at 6:30 p.m. in Hays City Hall, 1507 Main.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620244429322.jpeg" alt="Proposed colors for Bickle-Schmidt Sports Complex infield artificial turf" />
 <figcaption>Proposed colors for Bickle-Schmidt Sports Complex infield artificial turf</figcaption>
 </figure>By BECKY KISER Hays PostThe city of Hays' share of the Ellis County sales tax would be used to help&nbsp; finance two projects that will be discussed during Thursday's city commission work session.Bids have been solicited for installation of synthetic Astroturf at the Bickle-Schmidt Sports Complex.&nbsp;&nbsp;Jeff Boyle, parks director, is recommending the low bid of $1.5 million from&nbsp;Mid-America Sports Construction, the same company&nbsp;that installed the turf at Larks Park and Hays High&nbsp;School.Staff is also&nbsp;requesting an additional $20,000 contingency for unknowns and $50,000 to&nbsp;address the bullpens bringing the total cost of the project to $1,627,557.The Hays Recreation Commission will put $700,000 toward the project and city commission capital reserves will kick in another $927,000."Along with alternates, the project would&nbsp;replace all of the current infields with synthetic turf and allow for slightly enlarged infields for different base configurations on fields 5, 6 and 8," said Collin Bielser, asst. city manager. "This will allow for more hosting of baseball tournaments for athletes ages 13 and younger."The city is also resuming discussion of constructing a second fire station in Hays, which would be funded with the additional sales tax revenue.The proposed location is at 41st and Post Road, the site of a city water well on approximately four acres owned by the city.The new station would become headquarters for the fire department."Obviously, Hays has grown on both the east and west sides but the west side growth has been a little more aggressive. Plus we have the addition of more commercial opportunities occurring in the northwest part of Hays with the [Interstate 70] Exit 157 [improvement]," Bielser said.Construction of a truck stop and retail plaza is underway just north of the intersection.The second fire station would be positioned alongside an arterial street. "It provides fast access to the bypass, or up to Hall and over to Vine, where those commercial businesses are located."<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_M_0ueqX6Dw"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Other agenda items for discussion include:* Petitions to vacate portions of west Vine Street frontage road by Hays Chevrolet and Pheasant Inn restaurant as part of the North Vine Street Corridor Improvement Project* Review of the Rural Housing Improvement District policy. The state has made changes to the economic development tool.The entire May 6 agenda is available <a href="https://www.haysusa.com/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_05062021-1268">here</a>.The work session begins at 6:30 p.m. in Hays City Hall, 1507 Main.

🎥 Hays commission review to bids for artificial turf at sports complex

Spring has sprung and activities and events in Hays are slowly returning to normal after more than a year of the coronavirus pandemic.

Local high schools and colleges will celebrate graduations and commencement ceremonies this month.

The Downtown Hays Market will open its 2021 season on May 29, the same day the Hays Aquatic Park opens.

Janet Kuhn, Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB) convention sales manager,&nbsp; has some of the highlights in May.

The updated calendar of events is available on the CVB website at <a href="https://www.visithays.com/calendar.aspx">www.visithays.com</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575300742886.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By BECKY KISER Hays PostSpring has sprung and activities and events in Hays are slowly returning to normal after more than a year of the coronavirus pandemic.Local high schools and colleges will celebrate graduations and commencement ceremonies this month.The Downtown Hays Market will open its 2021 season on May 29, the same day the Hays Aquatic Park opens.Janet Kuhn, Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB) convention sales manager,&nbsp; has some of the highlights in May.<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gh-mT0k3dRo"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The updated calendar of events is available on the CVB website at <a href="https://www.visithays.com/calendar.aspx">www.visithays.com</a>.

🎥 CVB: May activities include graduations, Hays Aquatic Park opening

A new&nbsp;scam&nbsp;has emerged, preying on individuals who have lost a loved one to COVID-19 and are entitled to federal assistance.

Earlier this month, the Federal Emergency Management Agency launched a new program that would provide up to $9,000 for funeral expenses to people who have had to pay for laying a loved one to rest. The program covers deaths from COVID-19 since January 20, 2020.

To apply for the program, survivors need to show documents including receipts for expenses and a death certificate that says that the death happened in the United States or its territories and was likely caused by COVID-19.

FEMA and the Federal Trade Commission have reported that&nbsp;scammers are reaching out to survivors, posing as government employees offering to help with the process of registering for federal assistance. Unfortunately, these imposters are setting themselves up to take more than the government assistance. With access to financial information, a loved one’s death certificate and the survivor’s personally identifying information, the imposters are able to pocket up to $9,000 and cause hardship through identity theft for years to come.

Here’s what you need to know, according to the Kansas Attorney General's office:

●The government won’t ask you to pay anything to get this financial help. Anyone who does is a&nbsp;scammer.

●FEMA will not contact you until you have called FEMA or have applied for assistance. Anyone who contacts you out of the blue and claims to be a federal employee or from FEMA is a&nbsp;scammer.

●The government won’t call, text, email, or contact you on social media and ask for your Social Security, bank account, or credit card number. Anyone who does is a&nbsp;scammer.

●Don’t give your own or your deceased loved one’s personal or financial information to anyone who contacts you out of the blue. Anyone who does that and asks for that information is a&nbsp;scammer.

FEMA’s Funeral Assistance FAQs have information about the documents you need to apply for funeral expenses. The FAQs also tell you what to do if the death certificate didn’t identify COVID-19 as the likely cause of death, as sometimes happened early in the pandemic. You can learn more about this federal program at the FEMA website at <a href="http://www.fema.gov/disasters/coronavirus/economic/funeral-assistance">www.fema.gov/disasters/coronavirus/economic/funeral-assistance</a>.

If you doubt a caller claiming to be from FEMA is telling the truth, hang up and report it to the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362 or the U.S. Department of Justice National Center for Disaster Fraud Hotline at 866-720-5721.

For more tips on staying safe from COVID-19&nbsp;scams or to file a complaint, visit the Kansas Attorney General's office consumer protection website at <a href="http://InYourCornerKansas.org">InYourCornerKansas.org</a>&nbsp;or call the office's consumer protection hotline at (800) 432-2310.

A new&nbsp;scam&nbsp;has emerged, preying on individuals who have lost a loved one to COVID-19 and are entitled to federal assistance.Earlier this month, the Federal Emergency Management Agency launched a new program that would provide up to $9,000 for funeral expenses to people who have had to pay for laying a loved one to rest. The program covers deaths from COVID-19 since January 20, 2020.To apply for the program, survivors need to show documents including receipts for expenses and a death certificate that says that the death happened in the United States or its territories and was likely caused by COVID-19.FEMA and the Federal Trade Commission have reported that&nbsp;scammers are reaching out to survivors, posing as government employees offering to help with the process of registering for federal assistance. Unfortunately, these imposters are setting themselves up to take more than the government assistance. With access to financial information, a loved one’s death certificate and the survivor’s personally identifying information, the imposters are able to pocket up to $9,000 and cause hardship through identity theft for years to come.Here’s what you need to know, according to the Kansas Attorney General's office:●The government won’t ask you to pay anything to get this financial help. Anyone who does is a&nbsp;scammer.●FEMA will not contact you until you have called FEMA or have applied for assistance. Anyone who contacts you out of the blue and claims to be a federal employee or from FEMA is a&nbsp;scammer.●The government won’t call, text, email, or contact you on social media and ask for your Social Security, bank account, or credit card number. Anyone who does is a&nbsp;scammer.●Don’t give your own or your deceased loved one’s personal or financial information to anyone who contacts you out of the blue. Anyone who does that and asks for that information is a&nbsp;scammer.FEMA’s Funeral Assistance FAQs have information about the documents you need to apply for funeral expenses. The FAQs also tell you what to do if the death certificate didn’t identify COVID-19 as the likely cause of death, as sometimes happened early in the pandemic. You can learn more about this federal program at the FEMA website at <a href="http://www.fema.gov/disasters/coronavirus/economic/funeral-assistance">www.fema.gov/disasters/coronavirus/economic/funeral-assistance</a>.If you doubt a caller claiming to be from FEMA is telling the truth, hang up and report it to the FEMA Helpline at 800-621-3362 or the U.S. Department of Justice National Center for Disaster Fraud Hotline at 866-720-5721.For more tips on staying safe from COVID-19&nbsp;scams or to file a complaint, visit the Kansas Attorney General's office consumer protection website at <a href="http://InYourCornerKansas.org">InYourCornerKansas.org</a>&nbsp;or call the office's consumer protection hotline at (800) 432-2310.

New scam targets survivors seeking FEMA assistance for funerals

“Instead of bragging about bushels per acre, they’re talking about how many bushels per inch of water that they got.”

By DAVID CONDOS <a href="https://www.hppr.org/post/farmers-trying-save-ogallala-aquifer-face-tension-peers-their-profits-are-improving">Kansas News Service</a>

HAYS — A few years ago, Stuart Beckman drove
 65 miles with a neighbor to attend a wedding in Saint Francis in the 
northwest corner of Kansas.

The two farmers weren’t particularly welcome.&nbsp;

“They found out where we were from,” Beckman said, “and they just about ran us out of there.”

Not surprisingly for this part of the High Plains, the trouble started over water.

“We’re
 these dumb (farmers) that are thinking we can get by with an acre-foot 
of water and that's crazy,” Beckman said, recalling the reception he and
 his neighbor got in Saint Francis. “‘You guys ought to go back home.’”

Beckman farms two counties away. And there, folks had formed the state’s first <a href="https://agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/dwr/managing-kansas-water-resources/local-enhanced-management-areas/sheridan-county-6-lema">local enhanced management area</a>, or LEMA — a 99-square-mile patch of northwest Kansas prairie where farmers set <a href="https://www.hutchnews.com/news/20170921/what-is-lema">strict limits</a>
 on the amount of water they can use for irrigation. It’s that idea — 
that a farm operation would no longer have the freedom to use as much 
water as it can pump from the ground — that soured the wedding.

The LEMA’s irrigation restrictions represent a last-ditch effort to save the region’s <a href="http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/pic18/">most critical</a>
 water source: the Ogallala Aquifer. And in a place where agriculture is
 king and rainfall is scarce, the path to any kind of curb on irrigation
 took <a href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.011">more than 100 years</a>.

High Plains homesteaders settled on land so dry it was essentially a <a href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ii.032">desert</a>. Western Kansas gets about <a href="https://climate.k-state.edu/basics/">half</a> as much precipitation as the eastern side of the state. So, farmers needed a way to water their crops.&nbsp;

The
 solution was beneath their feet. The Ogallala is North America’s 
largest aquifer, a layer of sand and gravel saturated with water that 
stretches more than <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/news/usgs-high-plains-aquifer-groundwater-levels-continue-decline">175,000 square miles</a> under eight states.&nbsp;

As the region recovered from the Dust Bowl era, farmers used <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-center-pivot-irrigation-brought-dust-bowl-back-to-life-180970243/">new technologies</a>
 like pumps powered by car engines to tap into the aquifer like never 
before. At first, wells were used largely for flood irrigation, where 
water flows directly into the fields. It wasn’t very efficient — flood 
irrigation wastes about half of its supply to <a href="https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkind/drought/drought-management-for-commercial-horticulture/the-way-we-irrigate-can-and-should-make-a-difference/">evaporation</a> and <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/irrigation-methods-furrow-or-flood-irrigation?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects">runoff</a> — but it worked.

The
 Ogallala helped transform western Kansas from an agricultural wasteland
 into America’s breadbasket. But after generations of being tapped to 
irrigate the High Plains, parts of it are beginning to run dry.&nbsp;

Roughly a <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/110/37/E3477">third</a> of the water under Kansas has disappeared. In parts of southwest Kansas, <a href="http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/ED10/04_occur.html">more than half</a> of the aquifer’s supply is already gone.&nbsp;

Consider the stakes. Kansas grain harvests fuel the state’s feedlots, where <a href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/catl0120.pdf">2.5 million cattle</a> consume more than <a href="https://kscorn.com/livestock/">6.5 billion pounds</a> of corn a year. Those feedlots drive the meatpacking industry that sustains the largest cities in western Kansas.&nbsp;

It all adds up to <a href="https://www.agriculture.ks.gov/docs/default-source/ag-marketing/ag-contribution-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=10dc92c1_4">billions</a>
 of dollars for the state’s economy. And that’s on top of the drinking 
water the aquifer provides for hundreds of thousands of Kansans from <a href="http://www.cityofgoodland.org/files/2015-CCR.pdf">Goodland</a> to <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/news/equus-beds-aquifer-water-quality-nearly-unchanged-between-2001-and-2016">Wichita</a>.

“Water’s
 critical to this state,” said Rex Buchanan, director emeritus of the 
Kansas Geological Survey. “Depletion of the Ogallala is probably the 
most important natural resource issue facing Kansas.”

Irrigation technology 
has come a long way over the past century. Where farmers used to guess 
how much water their fields needed, they can now plant <a href="https://extension.umn.edu/irrigation/soil-moisture-sensors-irrigation-scheduling">remote probes</a> in the soil to measure real-time ground moisture. They can use <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/191580774.pdf">electromagnetic sleds</a> to map the unique characteristics of each section of soil and monitor thousands of acres of <a href="https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation">customized irrigation</a> from their phones.&nbsp;

Today’s
 precision agriculture technology allows farmers to pinpoint exactly 
where water is needed and where irrigation is delivered. It’s already 
helping re-tool the giant center pivot sprinklers that shower the 
plains.&nbsp;

Every incremental step toward even greater water 
efficiency in farming has the potential for a monumental impact. That’s 
because the center pivots on Kansas farms use <a href="https://agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/dwr/water-appropriation/water-use-reporting">much more water</a> than the sinks and toilets in Kansas towns.&nbsp;

“If
 you go and actually add up the math on how many flushes you'd have to 
save to equal what one inch of water on a pivot is,” said Weston McCary,
 who teaches precision agriculture at Northwest Kansas Technical 
College, “it’s obscene.”&nbsp;

If the average farmer in Sheridan County cut water use by one inch across <a href="https://ipsr.ku.edu/ksdata/ksah/ag/AgAveSize.pdf">1,610 acres</a> of irrigated cropland, it would save over 43 million gallons.

But getting farmers to take that leap can be a challenge.

“Throughout
 the whole history of agriculture is the mindset, ‘OK, I'm doing it this
 way, this is what I know works.’” said Shannon Kenyon, an environmental
 scientist who oversees the northwest Kansas <a href="https://www.gmd4.org/">groundwater management district</a>. “So when you start talking about change, that becomes a very scary concept.”

So the district hopes to tempt farmers with <a href="https://www.gmd4.org/New/2021_PROBE_COST_SHARE.pdf">$1,000 incentives</a> for trying out new technology and with evidence that other people like them have made more money by pumping up less water.

The Sheridan County LEMA forced farmers to cut irrigation by 20%. But the <a href="http://kda-dwr-updates.org/recent-studies-provide-more-evidence-on-sheridan-6-lema-success/">results</a> showed that farmers ended up decreasing their water use by 31%.&nbsp;

“It seems really encouraging,” said Jillian Deines, a Stanford researcher who led the <a href="https://github.com/jdeines/Deines_etal_LEMA_SALUS/blob/master/manuscript/Deines_etal_2021_WRR_Lema_preformatting_withSupplement.pdf">Michigan State University study</a> on the LEMA, “because it seems like the program has both increased profits and increased water savings.”

The
 study found that, yes, less irrigation meant slightly smaller harvests.
 But the money farmers saved on their energy bills by pumping less water
 was four times more than the amount of money they lost due to decreased
 production.

“Instead of bragging about bushels per acre,” said 
Kenyon of the northwest Kansas water district, “they’re talking about 
how many bushels per inch of water that they got.”

Brett Oelke is
 one of those farmers. His 9,000 acres in Sheridan County present a 
telling case study on the program’s financial impact because he farms 
land on both sides of the LEMA’s boundary line.&nbsp;

“We realized 
that, ‘Hey, we're making more money inside the LEMA,” said Oelke, who 
has since cut his water use even on parts of his farm that fall outside 
the districts’ strict limits. “I just wish we would have done it 20 
years earlier.”

More importantly, Oelke has seen a dramatic 
change in how his neighbors think and talk about water. Sharing how 
much, or how little, water they’ve used on their farms has become part 
of everyday conversation.

“Prior to that,” said Oelke, “nobody knew how much water they pump, ever.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620236440594.png" alt=" Center pivot irrigation sprinklers water a wheat field in Finney County. David Condos / Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption> Center pivot irrigation sprinklers water a wheat field in Finney County. David Condos / Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>“Instead of bragging about bushels per acre, they’re talking about how many bushels per inch of water that they got.”</h2>By DAVID CONDOS <a href="https://www.hppr.org/post/farmers-trying-save-ogallala-aquifer-face-tension-peers-their-profits-are-improving">Kansas News Service</a>HAYS — A few years ago, Stuart Beckman drove
 65 miles with a neighbor to attend a wedding in Saint Francis in the 
northwest corner of Kansas.The two farmers weren’t particularly welcome.&nbsp;“They found out where we were from,” Beckman said, “and they just about ran us out of there.”Not surprisingly for this part of the High Plains, the trouble started over water.“We’re
 these dumb (farmers) that are thinking we can get by with an acre-foot 
of water and that's crazy,” Beckman said, recalling the reception he and
 his neighbor got in Saint Francis. “‘You guys ought to go back home.’”Beckman farms two counties away. And there, folks had formed the state’s first <a href="https://agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/dwr/managing-kansas-water-resources/local-enhanced-management-areas/sheridan-county-6-lema">local enhanced management area</a>, or LEMA — a 99-square-mile patch of northwest Kansas prairie where farmers set <a href="https://www.hutchnews.com/news/20170921/what-is-lema">strict limits</a>
 on the amount of water they can use for irrigation. It’s that idea — 
that a farm operation would no longer have the freedom to use as much 
water as it can pump from the ground — that soured the wedding.The LEMA’s irrigation restrictions represent a last-ditch effort to save the region’s <a href="http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/pic18/">most critical</a>
 water source: the Ogallala Aquifer. And in a place where agriculture is
 king and rainfall is scarce, the path to any kind of curb on irrigation
 took <a href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.wat.011">more than 100 years</a>.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620236513251.png" alt=" A Hamilton County farmer uses flood irrigation in his field, 1939. Credit Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security AdministrationOffice of War Information Black-and-White Negatives" />
 <figcaption> A Hamilton County farmer uses flood irrigation in his field, 1939. Credit Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Farm Security AdministrationOffice of War Information Black-and-White Negatives</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Clear gold</h2>High Plains homesteaders settled on land so dry it was essentially a <a href="http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ii.032">desert</a>. Western Kansas gets about <a href="https://climate.k-state.edu/basics/">half</a> as much precipitation as the eastern side of the state. So, farmers needed a way to water their crops.&nbsp;The
 solution was beneath their feet. The Ogallala is North America’s 
largest aquifer, a layer of sand and gravel saturated with water that 
stretches more than <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/news/usgs-high-plains-aquifer-groundwater-levels-continue-decline">175,000 square miles</a> under eight states.&nbsp;As the region recovered from the Dust Bowl era, farmers used <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-center-pivot-irrigation-brought-dust-bowl-back-to-life-180970243/">new technologies</a>
 like pumps powered by car engines to tap into the aquifer like never 
before. At first, wells were used largely for flood irrigation, where 
water flows directly into the fields. It wasn’t very efficient — flood 
irrigation wastes about half of its supply to <a href="https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/earthkind/drought/drought-management-for-commercial-horticulture/the-way-we-irrigate-can-and-should-make-a-difference/">evaporation</a> and <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/irrigation-methods-furrow-or-flood-irrigation?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects">runoff</a> — but it worked.The
 Ogallala helped transform western Kansas from an agricultural wasteland
 into America’s breadbasket. But after generations of being tapped to 
irrigate the High Plains, parts of it are beginning to run dry.&nbsp;Roughly a <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/110/37/E3477">third</a> of the water under Kansas has disappeared. In parts of southwest Kansas, <a href="http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/ED10/04_occur.html">more than half</a> of the aquifer’s supply is already gone.&nbsp;Consider the stakes. Kansas grain harvests fuel the state’s feedlots, where <a href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/Todays_Reports/reports/catl0120.pdf">2.5 million cattle</a> consume more than <a href="https://kscorn.com/livestock/">6.5 billion pounds</a> of corn a year. Those feedlots drive the meatpacking industry that sustains the largest cities in western Kansas.&nbsp;It all adds up to <a href="https://www.agriculture.ks.gov/docs/default-source/ag-marketing/ag-contribution-2020.pdf?sfvrsn=10dc92c1_4">billions</a>
 of dollars for the state’s economy. And that’s on top of the drinking 
water the aquifer provides for hundreds of thousands of Kansans from <a href="http://www.cityofgoodland.org/files/2015-CCR.pdf">Goodland</a> to <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/news/equus-beds-aquifer-water-quality-nearly-unchanged-between-2001-and-2016">Wichita</a>.“Water’s
 critical to this state,” said Rex Buchanan, director emeritus of the 
Kansas Geological Survey. “Depletion of the Ogallala is probably the 
most important natural resource issue facing Kansas.”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620236596211.png" alt=" Rex Buchanan of the Kansas Geological Survey measures the aquifer's depth at a well in Morton County. Credit David Condos / Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption> Rex Buchanan of the Kansas Geological Survey measures the aquifer's depth at a well in Morton County. Credit David Condos / Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Precision agriculture</h2>Irrigation technology 
has come a long way over the past century. Where farmers used to guess 
how much water their fields needed, they can now plant <a href="https://extension.umn.edu/irrigation/soil-moisture-sensors-irrigation-scheduling">remote probes</a> in the soil to measure real-time ground moisture. They can use <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/191580774.pdf">electromagnetic sleds</a> to map the unique characteristics of each section of soil and monitor thousands of acres of <a href="https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation">customized irrigation</a> from their phones.&nbsp;Today’s
 precision agriculture technology allows farmers to pinpoint exactly 
where water is needed and where irrigation is delivered. It’s already 
helping re-tool the giant center pivot sprinklers that shower the 
plains.&nbsp;Every incremental step toward even greater water 
efficiency in farming has the potential for a monumental impact. That’s 
because the center pivots on Kansas farms use <a href="https://agriculture.ks.gov/divisions-programs/dwr/water-appropriation/water-use-reporting">much more water</a> than the sinks and toilets in Kansas towns.&nbsp;“If
 you go and actually add up the math on how many flushes you'd have to 
save to equal what one inch of water on a pivot is,” said Weston McCary,
 who teaches precision agriculture at Northwest Kansas Technical 
College, “it’s obscene.”&nbsp;If the average farmer in Sheridan County cut water use by one inch across <a href="https://ipsr.ku.edu/ksdata/ksah/ag/AgAveSize.pdf">1,610 acres</a> of irrigated cropland, it would save over 43 million gallons.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620236642237.png" alt=" The growth of irrigated land in Kansas from 1940-2010, with the aquifer's boundary outlined in black. Credit Kansas Geological Survey" />
 <figcaption> The growth of irrigated land in Kansas from 1940-2010, with the aquifer's boundary outlined in black. Credit Kansas Geological Survey</figcaption>
 </figure>But getting farmers to take that leap can be a challenge.“Throughout
 the whole history of agriculture is the mindset, ‘OK, I'm doing it this
 way, this is what I know works.’” said Shannon Kenyon, an environmental
 scientist who oversees the northwest Kansas <a href="https://www.gmd4.org/">groundwater management district</a>. “So when you start talking about change, that becomes a very scary concept.”So the district hopes to tempt farmers with <a href="https://www.gmd4.org/New/2021_PROBE_COST_SHARE.pdf">$1,000 incentives</a> for trying out new technology and with evidence that other people like them have made more money by pumping up less water.<h2>Culture shift</h2>The Sheridan County LEMA forced farmers to cut irrigation by 20%. But the <a href="http://kda-dwr-updates.org/recent-studies-provide-more-evidence-on-sheridan-6-lema-success/">results</a> showed that farmers ended up decreasing their water use by 31%.&nbsp;“It seems really encouraging,” said Jillian Deines, a Stanford researcher who led the <a href="https://github.com/jdeines/Deines_etal_LEMA_SALUS/blob/master/manuscript/Deines_etal_2021_WRR_Lema_preformatting_withSupplement.pdf">Michigan State University study</a> on the LEMA, “because it seems like the program has both increased profits and increased water savings.”The
 study found that, yes, less irrigation meant slightly smaller harvests.
 But the money farmers saved on their energy bills by pumping less water
 was four times more than the amount of money they lost due to decreased
 production.“Instead of bragging about bushels per acre,” said 
Kenyon of the northwest Kansas water district, “they’re talking about 
how many bushels per inch of water that they got.”Brett Oelke is
 one of those farmers. His 9,000 acres in Sheridan County present a 
telling case study on the program’s financial impact because he farms 
land on both sides of the LEMA’s boundary line.&nbsp;“We realized 
that, ‘Hey, we're making more money inside the LEMA,” said Oelke, who 
has since cut his water use even on parts of his farm that fall outside 
the districts’ strict limits. “I just wish we would have done it 20 
years earlier.”More importantly, Oelke has seen a dramatic 
change in how his neighbors think and talk about water. Sharing how 
much, or how little, water they’ve used on their farms has become part 
of everyday conversation.“Prior to that,” said Oelke, “nobody knew how much water they pump, ever.”Many farmers, including Oelke, have found ways to convert a majority of their property to <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/dryland-farming">dryland farming</a>,
 which uses soil moisture conservation to grow crops with no irrigation 
at all. Others have swapped hydration-heavy crops like corn for ones 
that require less water, such as cotton and sorghum.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620236686473.png" alt="A Sheridan County farmer sits on his tractor, 1939. Credit Library of Congress" />
 <figcaption>A Sheridan County farmer sits on his tractor, 1939. Credit Library of Congress</figcaption>
 </figure>But making the shift toward a water conservation mindset hasn’t 
always been smooth. When the northwest Kansas water district moved to 
expand irrigation limits to a <a href="https://gmd4.org/LEMA.html">broader area</a>, it faced a <a href="https://agriculture.ks.gov/docs/default-source/dwr-water-appropriation-documents/friesen-memorandum-decision-101519.pdf?sfvrsn=7bfd89c1_0">lawsuit</a> from <a href="https://www.agriculture.ks.gov/docs/default-source/dwr-water-appropriation-forms/petition_for_judicial_review_gmd4lema_wexhs_20180613.pdf?sfvrsn=c3786c1_0">dozens</a> of farmers who said it infringed on their water rights. The limits held up in court and now cover parts of 10 counties.&nbsp;Beckman,
 that farmer who nearly got run out of a wedding for backing irrigation 
rules, still hears from other farmers in neighboring areas who call him 
crazy for thinking he can continue to produce good corn on the High 
Plains with less water. But he hopes they’re watching.&nbsp;“If we keep proving it to them, I don't see a problem,” said Beckman. “It's just a no-brainer.”David Condos covers western Kansas for High Plains Public Radio and the Kansas News Service. You can follow him on Twitter <a href="http://twitter.com/davidcondos" target="_blank">@davidcondos</a>.