By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;

Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

 Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictI always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: The color of the changing seasons

HALF MOON BAY, Calif. (AP) — A Minnesota horticulture teacher remained the reigning champion Monday of an annual pumpkin-weighing contest in Northern California where his massive gourds have won the top prize four years in a row.

Travis Gienger, of Anoka, Minnesota, beat his closest competitor by 6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) to clinch the victory at the 51st World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in Half Moon Bay, south of San Francisco.

His winning gourd came in at 2,471 pounds (1,121 kilograms), falling short of&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/california-giant-pumpkin-world-record-dbe2b22743e332998c204f2191b2a46f">the world record</a>&nbsp;he set last year with a pumpkin weighing 2,749 pounds (1,247 kilograms).

Gienger, 44, said that as he has done in the past, he focused on having healthy soil and well-fed plants but that a cold fall with record-breaking rain likely impacted his pumpkin's growth.

“We had really, really tough weather and somehow, some way, I kept on working," Gienger said. “I had to work for this one, and we got it done at the end, but it wasn’t by much.”

Gienger and his family drove his gargantuan gourd for 35 hours to California.

He said the giant pumpkin's next stop will be in Southern California, where a team of professional carvers will do a 3D carve on it at a Halloween event.

HALF MOON BAY, Calif. (AP) — A Minnesota horticulture teacher remained the reigning champion Monday of an annual pumpkin-weighing contest in Northern California where his massive gourds have won the top prize four years in a row.<div><iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?height=476&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FCNGInews%2Fvideos%2F1526534047969471%2F&show_text=false&width=267&t=1" width="267" height="476" style="border:none;overflow:hidden" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowFullScreen="true"></iframe></div>Travis Gienger, of Anoka, Minnesota, beat his closest competitor by 6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) to clinch the victory at the 51st World Championship Pumpkin Weigh-Off in Half Moon Bay, south of San Francisco.His winning gourd came in at 2,471 pounds (1,121 kilograms), falling short of&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/california-giant-pumpkin-world-record-dbe2b22743e332998c204f2191b2a46f">the world record</a>&nbsp;he set last year with a pumpkin weighing 2,749 pounds (1,247 kilograms).Gienger, 44, said that as he has done in the past, he focused on having healthy soil and well-fed plants but that a cold fall with record-breaking rain likely impacted his pumpkin's growth.“We had really, really tough weather and somehow, some way, I kept on working," Gienger said. “I had to work for this one, and we got it done at the end, but it wasn’t by much.”<div><iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhalfmoonbaypumpkinweighoff%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0pB3gCkVjLZSsMku5iv7Zt5ij3DJg5zho4M5n7cGkfVqmXauFYEJg3TKxijrt9nKQl&show_text=true&width=500" width="500" height="684" style="border:none;overflow:hidden" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share"></iframe></div>Gienger and his family drove his gargantuan gourd for 35 hours to California.He said the giant pumpkin's next stop will be in Southern California, where a team of professional carvers will do a 3D carve on it at a Halloween event.

Pumpkin weighing 2,471 pounds wins 2024 world championship

Despite being surrounded by farmland, school districts in western Kansas struggle to source local food options to feed kids. But farm tours given by the state’s Child Nutrition and Wellness program can establish new pathways to keep kids healthy

&nbsp;By&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hppr.org/people/calen-moore">CALEN MOORE</a> Kansas News Service

<a href="https://www.hppr.org/people/calen-moore"></a>GARDEN CITY&nbsp;—&nbsp;Deep into western Kansas, there’s an abundance of corn and cattle. But there aren’t as many juicy tomatoes, crisp apples or fresh squash.

That has left residents in vast pockets of the state&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kcur.org/2023-03-22/rural-grocery-stores-are-dying-off-heres-what-some-communities-are-doing-to-save-them" target="_blank">without access to nutritious foods</a>. For these communities, finding produce may be inconvenient at best, despite being surrounded by farms.

And schools are no exception in the search for healthy food. That’s why staff from the Kansas Department of Education are trying to find solutions by connecting school districts to local farms to benefit both parties.

As part of that effort, a busload of school district nutrition directors recently drove out to western Kansas farms so that schools could have more options to access local food.

But Eryn Davis, the state’s Farm to Plate program coordinator, said in this part of Kansas, finding food for humans rather than livestock is a challenge.

“From my research, it was limited on what I could find in western Kansas, both in Garden City, and even north in Colby,” Davis said.

Even though rural Kansas has direct access to agriculture, most farms in Kansas grow commodity crops such as soybeans, wheat and corn. That limits the access rural Kansans could have to other healthy foods.

The 2008 farm bill encouraged institutions operating&nbsp;<a href="https://cnw.ksde.org/f2p/program-overview" target="_blank">child nutrition programs</a>&nbsp;to purchase unprocessed locally grown and locally raised agricultural products.

This in theory would benefit the health of rural children and boost the ag economy of local farmers, lawmakers said.

As a result, the Farm to School program was established in Kansas to provide grants, materials and connections to local producers and gardening education for schools.

Davis said locally sourced food not only provides more nutrient-dense options, but it also has economic benefits.

“It’s supporting the economy of our Kansas communities that we have here, keeping our dollars. Repurchasing from Kansas producers is a big push for local foods,” Davis said.

Most school district leaders on the tour said they rely on trucking in their food from eastern Kansas, although they each had the same locally sourced foods in common: beef, dairy and tortillas.

But the need for vegetables and fruit in southwest Kansas remains.

The first stop on the tour was connecting districts from Dodge City, Garden City and Sublette to a poultry farm outside of Lakin.

As soon as everyone made their way off the bus, the chickens timidly surrounded the group of outsiders.

The Diamond W Farm and Ranch is a family operation specializing in egg production, owned by Samantha Williams with her husband and three sons.

“I started with 15 chicks, and I said, ‘It’s just as much work (with) 15 chicks as 100 chicks,’ so I got 100, then 200, and now we have anywhere from 300 to 500 chickens laying eggs at a given time,” Williams said.

The Williams family are one of the largest egg producers in southwest Kansas, and they deliver to nearby towns.

Williams initially got her egg license to provide eggs to the day care her boys attended. The operation grew so they could provide eggs to feed more children in the surrounding towns.

“I love getting up and seeing the chickens’ fluffy butts every morning; it's like my form of therapy,” Williams said.

After seeing what the Williams family could offer school districts, everyone filed back onto the bus and started brainstorming ways they would like to use local eggs.

The bus then traveled back to Garden City to the only produce farm in town, Prairie Wind Produce.

Steven Michel runs the produce farm with his wife. One thing about Michel – he’s passionate about produce.

“Me and the wife had a seniors meal the other day. It had two cherry tomatoes; they were mushy and had no flavor. People come try our tomatoes and they’re back three days later,” Michel said.

Standing in a greenhouse forest of tomatoes, school district leaders in Garden City said they hadn’t known about this produce farm in their own town. They passed around fruits and vegetables, marveling at each one.

The Michels are the exception rather than the rule in western Kansas. Michel serves as the vice president for the Kansas Specialty Crop Growers Association.

“We are the only ones that grow more than two or three vegetables in at least a 60-mile radius – it’s just us,” Michel said.

That’s part of the limitation to a Farm to School program like the one in Kansas. For some school districts, there just is not a lot of local produce to source.

Michel said some of this is a lack of growers and education. Western Kansas no longer has horticulture expertise from Kansas State University, which Michel believes has discouraged the growth of gardens.

Most of the produce consumed by Kansans – 95% – is grown outside of the state. Schools are the only place for some kids to get nutritious meals from local sources.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kumc.edu/about/news/news-archive/rural-kansas-food-deserts.html" target="_blank">Those living in the breadbasket</a>&nbsp;have significantly higher rates of diabetes, colon cancer and heart disease, according to the University of Kansas Medical Center.

Experts say for the Farm to School program to be successful in a place like western Kansas, there will need to be more produce growers.

But specialty crops aren’t covered as well by crop insurance that guarantees against drought or hail storms, which have become staples of western Kansas’ climate.

Plus, growing produce is labor intensive, Michel said. And rural Kansas has made its claim to fame being able to grow more with fewer workers thanks to technology advancements and large-scale grain.

But Davis, the coordinator of the Farm to Plate program, is optimistic that these farm tours help make the connections both farmers and school districts need. By giving producers a wholesale market, and schoolchildren fresh produce grown down the road, she thinks that this is a program that can chip away at both problems.

“It's a good way to bring nutritious local foods to the community, and that partnership with the producer is important, too, to support their business,” Davis said.

Calen Moore covers western Kansas for High Plains Public Radio and the Kansas News Service. You can email him at&nbsp;cmoore@hppr.org.

The Kansas News Service is a collaboration of KCUR, Kansas Public Radio, KMUW and High Plains Public Radio focused on health, the social determinants of health and their connection to public policy.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1727471604150.png" alt="Kandy Michel, co-owner of Prairie Wind Produce in Garden City, holds up a fresh tomato to school district leaders in her farm’s greenhouse. The tour helped to show off the fruits grown in nearby towns that could be available for schools. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption>Kandy Michel, co-owner of Prairie Wind Produce in Garden City, holds up a fresh tomato to school district leaders in her farm’s greenhouse. The tour helped to show off the fruits grown in nearby towns that could be available for schools. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Despite being surrounded by farmland, school districts in western Kansas struggle to source local food options to feed kids. But farm tours given by the state’s Child Nutrition and Wellness program can establish new pathways to keep kids healthy</h2>&nbsp;By&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hppr.org/people/calen-moore">CALEN MOORE</a> Kansas News Service<a href="https://www.hppr.org/people/calen-moore"></a>GARDEN CITY&nbsp;—&nbsp;Deep into western Kansas, there’s an abundance of corn and cattle. But there aren’t as many juicy tomatoes, crisp apples or fresh squash.That has left residents in vast pockets of the state&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kcur.org/2023-03-22/rural-grocery-stores-are-dying-off-heres-what-some-communities-are-doing-to-save-them" target="_blank">without access to nutritious foods</a>. For these communities, finding produce may be inconvenient at best, despite being surrounded by farms.And schools are no exception in the search for healthy food. That’s why staff from the Kansas Department of Education are trying to find solutions by connecting school districts to local farms to benefit both parties.As part of that effort, a busload of school district nutrition directors recently drove out to western Kansas farms so that schools could have more options to access local food.But Eryn Davis, the state’s Farm to Plate program coordinator, said in this part of Kansas, finding food for humans rather than livestock is a challenge.“From my research, it was limited on what I could find in western Kansas, both in Garden City, and even north in Colby,” Davis said.Feeding kids locallyEven though rural Kansas has direct access to agriculture, most farms in Kansas grow commodity crops such as soybeans, wheat and corn. That limits the access rural Kansans could have to other healthy foods.The 2008 farm bill encouraged institutions operating&nbsp;<a href="https://cnw.ksde.org/f2p/program-overview" target="_blank">child nutrition programs</a>&nbsp;to purchase unprocessed locally grown and locally raised agricultural products.This in theory would benefit the health of rural children and boost the ag economy of local farmers, lawmakers said.As a result, the Farm to School program was established in Kansas to provide grants, materials and connections to local producers and gardening education for schools.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1727471713234.png" alt="State employees and local school leaders from southwest Kansas squeeze by the mini jungle growing fresh produce at a local farm. The plants can grow as tall as 10 feet. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption>State employees and local school leaders from southwest Kansas squeeze by the mini jungle growing fresh produce at a local farm. The plants can grow as tall as 10 feet. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure>Davis said locally sourced food not only provides more nutrient-dense options, but it also has economic benefits.“It’s supporting the economy of our Kansas communities that we have here, keeping our dollars. Repurchasing from Kansas producers is a big push for local foods,” Davis said.Most school district leaders on the tour said they rely on trucking in their food from eastern Kansas, although they each had the same locally sourced foods in common: beef, dairy and tortillas.But the need for vegetables and fruit in southwest Kansas remains.Connecting farms and schoolsThe first stop on the tour was connecting districts from Dodge City, Garden City and Sublette to a poultry farm outside of Lakin.As soon as everyone made their way off the bus, the chickens timidly surrounded the group of outsiders.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1727471811162.png" alt="Hundreds of chickens roam freely at Diamond W Farm and Ranch. They surrounded the school leaders who were touring the operation as the farmers explained their egg washing process. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption>Hundreds of chickens roam freely at Diamond W Farm and Ranch. They surrounded the school leaders who were touring the operation as the farmers explained their egg washing process. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure>The Diamond W Farm and Ranch is a family operation specializing in egg production, owned by Samantha Williams with her husband and three sons.“I started with 15 chicks, and I said, ‘It’s just as much work (with) 15 chicks as 100 chicks,’ so I got 100, then 200, and now we have anywhere from 300 to 500 chickens laying eggs at a given time,” Williams said.The Williams family are one of the largest egg producers in southwest Kansas, and they deliver to nearby towns.Williams initially got her egg license to provide eggs to the day care her boys attended. The operation grew so they could provide eggs to feed more children in the surrounding towns.“I love getting up and seeing the chickens’ fluffy butts every morning; it's like my form of therapy,” Williams said.After seeing what the Williams family could offer school districts, everyone filed back onto the bus and started brainstorming ways they would like to use local eggs.The bus then traveled back to Garden City to the only produce farm in town, Prairie Wind Produce.Steven Michel runs the produce farm with his wife. One thing about Michel – he’s passionate about produce.“Me and the wife had a seniors meal the other day. It had two cherry tomatoes; they were mushy and had no flavor. People come try our tomatoes and they’re back three days later,” Michel said.Standing in a greenhouse forest of tomatoes, school district leaders in Garden City said they hadn’t known about this produce farm in their own town. They passed around fruits and vegetables, marveling at each one.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1727471913080.png" alt="Fresh produce sprawls in every direction in handmade greenhouses in north Garden City. It’s the only produce farm for miles in southwest Kansas. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service" />
 <figcaption>Fresh produce sprawls in every direction in handmade greenhouses in north Garden City. It’s the only produce farm for miles in southwest Kansas. Photo by Calen Moore/Kansas News Service</figcaption>
 </figure>Limitations to local foodsThe Michels are the exception rather than the rule in western Kansas. Michel serves as the vice president for the Kansas Specialty Crop Growers Association.“We are the only ones that grow more than two or three vegetables in at least a 60-mile radius – it’s just us,” Michel said.That’s part of the limitation to a Farm to School program like the one in Kansas. For some school districts, there just is not a lot of local produce to source.Michel said some of this is a lack of growers and education. Western Kansas no longer has horticulture expertise from Kansas State University, which Michel believes has discouraged the growth of gardens.Most of the produce consumed by Kansans – 95% – is grown outside of the state. Schools are the only place for some kids to get nutritious meals from local sources.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kumc.edu/about/news/news-archive/rural-kansas-food-deserts.html" target="_blank">Those living in the breadbasket</a>&nbsp;have significantly higher rates of diabetes, colon cancer and heart disease, according to the University of Kansas Medical Center.Experts say for the Farm to School program to be successful in a place like western Kansas, there will need to be more produce growers.But specialty crops aren’t covered as well by crop insurance that guarantees against drought or hail storms, which have become staples of western Kansas’ climate.Plus, growing produce is labor intensive, Michel said. And rural Kansas has made its claim to fame being able to grow more with fewer workers thanks to technology advancements and large-scale grain.But Davis, the coordinator of the Farm to Plate program, is optimistic that these farm tours help make the connections both farmers and school districts need. By giving producers a wholesale market, and schoolchildren fresh produce grown down the road, she thinks that this is a program that can chip away at both problems.“It's a good way to bring nutritious local foods to the community, and that partnership with the producer is important, too, to support their business,” Davis said.Calen Moore covers western Kansas for High Plains Public Radio and the Kansas News Service. You can email him at&nbsp;cmoore@hppr.org.The Kansas News Service is a collaboration of KCUR, Kansas Public Radio, KMUW and High Plains Public Radio focused on health, the social determinants of health and their connection to public policy.

Western Kansas covered in farms but not growing enough local produce for school lunches

By TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension District

The Ellis County 4-H Shooting Sports Club is sending nine youth archers, ages 9-18, to the State 4-H Archery competition in Wakarusa, KS on September 21st. The 2024 4-H archery program includes 30 youth participants from Ellis County and five youth from Pawnee County 4-H. The 4-H Shooting Sports program provides an opportunity for caring adults to assist youth in positive youth development.

Want to learn proper and safe ways to shoot an air rifle, shotgun or bow and arrow? Check out the shooting sports project! The project teaches gun safety, hunting practices plus an opportunity to test your skills. If you have an interest in guns and/or hunting this project is a great way to learn. Kansas 4-H Shooting Sports adheres to the National Shooting Sports Policies.

4-H offers a diverse range of projects that engage youth in hands-on learning across various fields. In Animal Science, members can work with species like beef, goats, horses and more, diving into veterinary science as well. The Communication &amp; Expressive Arts projects encourage creativity through performing arts, photography, and visual arts. Consumer &amp; Family Science covers essential life skills such as sewing, nutrition, and interior design. In Natural Resources, youth explore environmental science, geology, and wildlife. Leadership &amp; Personal Development projects foster civic engagement and self-determination. The Plant Sciences focus on entomology, agronomy, and horticulture, while Engineering &amp; Technology includes exciting areas like robotics, renewable energy, and aerospace. With such a broad spectrum of projects, 4-H empowers youth to develop skills, leadership, and a passion for learning.

The new 4-H year begins on October 1st, making this an ideal time to consider becoming a member. If interested in the 4-H program, please contact the Ellis County Extension Office at 785-628-9430.

Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or tarobertson@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/9/1726694415799.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By TAMARA ROBERTSON Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Ellis County 4-H Shooting Sports Club is sending nine youth archers, ages 9-18, to the State 4-H Archery competition in Wakarusa, KS on September 21st. The 2024 4-H archery program includes 30 youth participants from Ellis County and five youth from Pawnee County 4-H. The 4-H Shooting Sports program provides an opportunity for caring adults to assist youth in positive youth development.Want to learn proper and safe ways to shoot an air rifle, shotgun or bow and arrow? Check out the shooting sports project! The project teaches gun safety, hunting practices plus an opportunity to test your skills. If you have an interest in guns and/or hunting this project is a great way to learn. Kansas 4-H Shooting Sports adheres to the National Shooting Sports Policies.4-H offers a diverse range of projects that engage youth in hands-on learning across various fields. In Animal Science, members can work with species like beef, goats, horses and more, diving into veterinary science as well. The Communication &amp; Expressive Arts projects encourage creativity through performing arts, photography, and visual arts. Consumer &amp; Family Science covers essential life skills such as sewing, nutrition, and interior design. In Natural Resources, youth explore environmental science, geology, and wildlife. Leadership &amp; Personal Development projects foster civic engagement and self-determination. The Plant Sciences focus on entomology, agronomy, and horticulture, while Engineering &amp; Technology includes exciting areas like robotics, renewable energy, and aerospace. With such a broad spectrum of projects, 4-H empowers youth to develop skills, leadership, and a passion for learning.The new 4-H year begins on October 1st, making this an ideal time to consider becoming a member. If interested in the 4-H program, please contact the Ellis County Extension Office at 785-628-9430.Tamara Robertson is the 4-H Youth Development Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or tarobertson@ksu.edu.

ROBERTSON: Make 4-H Your Target

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

It is just about time for the Kansas State Fair! The State Fair will kick off on Friday, September 6th, and run through Sunday, September 15th.

We had 42 4-H youth in Barton County qualify to take an entry to the State Fair. From those 42, we have over 80 entries!

I always say this day of delivering 4-H exhibits to the Kansas State Fair is one of the scariest driving days that I experience all year. Fragile visual arts projects, entomology and geology boxes, small woodworking projects, and cakes, pies, and cookies – Oh My!

Several 4-H youth will take part in contests such as modeling for Fashion Revue, participating with a photography judging team, or presenting a demonstration or illustrated talk.

As a ten-year 4-H member, I lived too far from Hutchinson to ever see my State Fair exhibits on display so I encourage all of our 4-H members to check out the 4-H exhibits!

If you attend the State Fair on a weekend, be sure to stop in Centennial Hall and listen to a few demonstrations or project talks. These youth are working hard to improve their communication skills and it is fun to see their ideas. Over 1200 4-H photographs will be on display as well as a wealth of rockets, sewing, quilting, and horticulture exhibits.

In case you are wondering, the foods entries are judged on Thursday, September 5th, and only a small number of samples are kept on display due to space constraints. The other portion of the foods entry is placed in a bake sale which benefits the International Foreign Youth Exchange (IFYE) program so be sure to check this out if you happen to be in Hutchinson on the afternoon of September 5th.

Come visit the Kansas State Fair and step off the midway for a while to see the wide variety of talents and skills on display by 4-H members across our state!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictIt is just about time for the Kansas State Fair! The State Fair will kick off on Friday, September 6th, and run through Sunday, September 15th.We had 42 4-H youth in Barton County qualify to take an entry to the State Fair. From those 42, we have over 80 entries!I always say this day of delivering 4-H exhibits to the Kansas State Fair is one of the scariest driving days that I experience all year. Fragile visual arts projects, entomology and geology boxes, small woodworking projects, and cakes, pies, and cookies – Oh My!Several 4-H youth will take part in contests such as modeling for Fashion Revue, participating with a photography judging team, or presenting a demonstration or illustrated talk.As a ten-year 4-H member, I lived too far from Hutchinson to ever see my State Fair exhibits on display so I encourage all of our 4-H members to check out the 4-H exhibits!If you attend the State Fair on a weekend, be sure to stop in Centennial Hall and listen to a few demonstrations or project talks. These youth are working hard to improve their communication skills and it is fun to see their ideas. Over 1200 4-H photographs will be on display as well as a wealth of rockets, sewing, quilting, and horticulture exhibits.In case you are wondering, the foods entries are judged on Thursday, September 5th, and only a small number of samples are kept on display due to space constraints. The other portion of the foods entry is placed in a bake sale which benefits the International Foreign Youth Exchange (IFYE) program so be sure to check this out if you happen to be in Hutchinson on the afternoon of September 5th.Come visit the Kansas State Fair and step off the midway for a while to see the wide variety of talents and skills on display by 4-H members across our state!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Kansas State Fair time

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

As temperatures rise and the time between rains decreases, many homeowners begin to increase the frequency of watering their outdoor plants, and when a whole community of folks engage in watering it can impact both the amount and quality of water available, said Sedgwick County extension horticulture agent Matthew McKernan.

“July, August and September are the peak months for outdoor water use and in a lot of places, up to 40% or more of the municipal water is used for landscaping and irrigation purposes,” McKernan said.

Keeping that in mind and recognizing that water demands are increasing, McKernan added: “Much of Kansas has experienced drought over the last few years and it can have a big impact on our community lakes, ponds and waterways that cannot be refilled with water in just one or two rainfall events.

“As surface water decreases, people turn to groundwater for lawns and gardens and that can lead to water quality issues because water is being pulled from the ground faster than it can recharge.”

To best manage this limited resource, McKernan offers tips on ways that homeowners can use water efficiently when caring for outdoor plants.

“One simple thing that people can do is grouping more drought-tolerant plants together in the landscape so that the irrigation system can water more efficiently,” McKernan said. “A lot of native plants are naturally going to be more drought tolerant.”

For a list of drought-tolerant plants and trees, McKernan recommended people check out these two handouts, which are available online: Water Wise Plant List for South Central Kansas and Drought Tolerant Trees of South Central Kansas.

“When we irrigate, we want to water slowly, deeply and infrequently,” McKernan said. “It is best to use irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the soil so that the water doesn’t blow away in the wind or evaporate off the leaves. The best time of day to water is the morning.”

He recommends using a drip irrigation system with pressure-regulated emitters so that every hole in the system is sending out the same amount of water, which is different than soaker hoses that tend to put out more water at the beginning of the line than the end.

“Another irrigation option to consider is a smart irrigation system that adjusts the water that is applied based on the needs of the plant and the conditions outside, rather than a set schedule,” McKernan said.

Regarding the frequency of the watering, he recommends limiting it to one to two times/week to enhance root growth.

“By encouraging periods of mini drought, the plants will grow their roots deeper into the ground allowing them to naturally withstand longer periods of drought,” McKernan said.

The pace of the water absorption will vary depending on the soil type.

“Most of the water waste in irrigation occurs when we are watering too much and the water is running off the surface because the soil can only absorb so much water in a given amount of time,” he said.

To keep this water waste from happening, he recommends watering in zones for shorter periods of time and then rotating back through once the water has been absorbed.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs temperatures rise and the time between rains decreases, many homeowners begin to increase the frequency of watering their outdoor plants, and when a whole community of folks engage in watering it can impact both the amount and quality of water available, said Sedgwick County extension horticulture agent Matthew McKernan.“July, August and September are the peak months for outdoor water use and in a lot of places, up to 40% or more of the municipal water is used for landscaping and irrigation purposes,” McKernan said.Keeping that in mind and recognizing that water demands are increasing, McKernan added: “Much of Kansas has experienced drought over the last few years and it can have a big impact on our community lakes, ponds and waterways that cannot be refilled with water in just one or two rainfall events.“As surface water decreases, people turn to groundwater for lawns and gardens and that can lead to water quality issues because water is being pulled from the ground faster than it can recharge.”To best manage this limited resource, McKernan offers tips on ways that homeowners can use water efficiently when caring for outdoor plants.“One simple thing that people can do is grouping more drought-tolerant plants together in the landscape so that the irrigation system can water more efficiently,” McKernan said. “A lot of native plants are naturally going to be more drought tolerant.”For a list of drought-tolerant plants and trees, McKernan recommended people check out these two handouts, which are available online: Water Wise Plant List for South Central Kansas and Drought Tolerant Trees of South Central Kansas.He also had advice on watering.“When we irrigate, we want to water slowly, deeply and infrequently,” McKernan said. “It is best to use irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the soil so that the water doesn’t blow away in the wind or evaporate off the leaves. The best time of day to water is the morning.”He recommends using a drip irrigation system with pressure-regulated emitters so that every hole in the system is sending out the same amount of water, which is different than soaker hoses that tend to put out more water at the beginning of the line than the end.“Another irrigation option to consider is a smart irrigation system that adjusts the water that is applied based on the needs of the plant and the conditions outside, rather than a set schedule,” McKernan said.Regarding the frequency of the watering, he recommends limiting it to one to two times/week to enhance root growth.“By encouraging periods of mini drought, the plants will grow their roots deeper into the ground allowing them to naturally withstand longer periods of drought,” McKernan said.The pace of the water absorption will vary depending on the soil type.“Most of the water waste in irrigation occurs when we are watering too much and the water is running off the surface because the soil can only absorb so much water in a given amount of time,” he said.To keep this water waste from happening, he recommends watering in zones for shorter periods of time and then rotating back through once the water has been absorbed.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Watering landscapes

Fair Entry is open and ready for you to enter your projects for judging at the 2024 Ellis County Fair! You will enter your projects online at 2024 Ellis County Fair - FairEntry.com. The fair is not just for 4-H members but for those of the community as well. Entries for those not in 4-H will go in the Open Class Division of the fair. There are many different project areas to choose from, including but not limited to needlework, arts and crafts, fine arts, horticulture, and photography. There are certain rules entries must follow, find them in the open class fairbook at 2024-open-class-fair-book (ellisco.net).

Be sure to participate in our coloring contest sponsored by Nutrien Ag. All coloring pages will be on display during the fair and the first three places of each age division will be awarded prizes.

The Ellis County Fair is July 12 – 20, 2024. Besides the judging of entries, there is a great lineup of Grandstand events including races, rodeo, and a monster truck show. You can purchase a single pass for one low price of $35. Besides the Grandstand events, there are many free events on the midway for the family. Enjoy music, the petting zoo, pedal pull, Big Rigs and Little Kids, and face painting to name a few. There will be a Lego Bricks Building Contest open to the public as well. Food vendors will be lined up on the midway and livestock shows will be in the show arena. The inflatable carnival and games will be open Tuesday, July 16 through Saturday, July 20.

We invite the community to come support our hard working 4-H youth of Ellis County. View their livestock, or stroll through the air-conditioned Schenk building looking at entries. Our commercial vendors will be located in our building in the midway this year.

Closing out the fair will be the 4-H livestock auction. This is your chance to purchase some homegrown meat to fill your freezer. For more information, visit us at https://ellisco.net under Government, follow us on Facebook, or contact the Cottonwood Extension District or a Fairboard member.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1593190326422.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedFair Entry is open and ready for you to enter your projects for judging at the 2024 Ellis County Fair! You will enter your projects online at 2024 Ellis County Fair - FairEntry.com. The fair is not just for 4-H members but for those of the community as well. Entries for those not in 4-H will go in the Open Class Division of the fair. There are many different project areas to choose from, including but not limited to needlework, arts and crafts, fine arts, horticulture, and photography. There are certain rules entries must follow, find them in the open class fairbook at 2024-open-class-fair-book (ellisco.net).Be sure to participate in our coloring contest sponsored by Nutrien Ag. All coloring pages will be on display during the fair and the first three places of each age division will be awarded prizes.The Ellis County Fair is July 12 – 20, 2024. Besides the judging of entries, there is a great lineup of Grandstand events including races, rodeo, and a monster truck show. You can purchase a single pass for one low price of $35. Besides the Grandstand events, there are many free events on the midway for the family. Enjoy music, the petting zoo, pedal pull, Big Rigs and Little Kids, and face painting to name a few. There will be a Lego Bricks Building Contest open to the public as well. Food vendors will be lined up on the midway and livestock shows will be in the show arena. The inflatable carnival and games will be open Tuesday, July 16 through Saturday, July 20.We invite the community to come support our hard working 4-H youth of Ellis County. View their livestock, or stroll through the air-conditioned Schenk building looking at entries. Our commercial vendors will be located in our building in the midway this year.Closing out the fair will be the 4-H livestock auction. This is your chance to purchase some homegrown meat to fill your freezer. For more information, visit us at https://ellisco.net under Government, follow us on Facebook, or contact the Cottonwood Extension District or a Fairboard member.We hope to see you at the fair!

Ellis County Fair accepting entries

While I deal specifically with the 4-H side of the Barton County Fair, there are lots of ways for you to be involved!

The theme for the Barton County Fair is Blue Jeans and Big Dreams and it will be happening June 26th-30th. Exhibits are due to the fairgrounds for most categories on Wednesday, June 26th. Our 4-H members must pre-enter their exhibits while Open Class entries can be entered online ahead of time or on-site on the 26th.

Judging is handled a bit differently for 4-H and Open Class. Consultative judging is used to provide one-on-one feedback about project learning and the exhibit as an important part of the learning opportunity for the 4-H member and all members receive a ribbon on their entry. We use the Danish system for 4-H exhibits which defines a Purple as exemplary, a Blue as above average, a Red as average, and a White as having substantial deficiencies. For Open Class, the judge will evaluate the exhibit item and determine if it receives one of the top three placings awarded per class.

Each year, the Barton County Fair Association has several special award categories for Open Class which tie to the theme. Be on the lookout for the announcements about these and all Open Class opportunities. Open Class offers a youth (16 and younger), Adult (17-65), Senior (65 and better), and a Professional class for those who teach about or make a practice of selling their work.

Entries aren’t open just yet for 4-H or Open Class but keep an eye on bartoncountyfair.com for updates, schedules, and entry information.

Come join us June 26th through 30th to watch the livestock shows, check out the 4-H and Open Class exhibits, listen to a concert, share a meal with friends, support all ages across our community as they showcase their interests from horticulture to horses!

We look forward to seeing your entry for Blue Jeans and Big Dreams!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictWhile I deal specifically with the 4-H side of the Barton County Fair, there are lots of ways for you to be involved!The theme for the Barton County Fair is Blue Jeans and Big Dreams and it will be happening June 26th-30th. Exhibits are due to the fairgrounds for most categories on Wednesday, June 26th. Our 4-H members must pre-enter their exhibits while Open Class entries can be entered online ahead of time or on-site on the 26th.Judging is handled a bit differently for 4-H and Open Class. Consultative judging is used to provide one-on-one feedback about project learning and the exhibit as an important part of the learning opportunity for the 4-H member and all members receive a ribbon on their entry. We use the Danish system for 4-H exhibits which defines a Purple as exemplary, a Blue as above average, a Red as average, and a White as having substantial deficiencies. For Open Class, the judge will evaluate the exhibit item and determine if it receives one of the top three placings awarded per class.Each year, the Barton County Fair Association has several special award categories for Open Class which tie to the theme. Be on the lookout for the announcements about these and all Open Class opportunities. Open Class offers a youth (16 and younger), Adult (17-65), Senior (65 and better), and a Professional class for those who teach about or make a practice of selling their work.Entries aren’t open just yet for 4-H or Open Class but keep an eye on bartoncountyfair.com for updates, schedules, and entry information.Come join us June 26th through 30th to watch the livestock shows, check out the 4-H and Open Class exhibits, listen to a concert, share a meal with friends, support all ages across our community as they showcase their interests from horticulture to horses!We look forward to seeing your entry for Blue Jeans and Big Dreams!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 'Blue Jeans, Big Dreams': Barton County Fair

By TISA MASON Fort Hays State University President

A subtle transformation is taking place in the halls of the Topeka Correctional Facility. A beacon of light is emerging from the dedication of a group committed to literacy and emotional support for incarcerated women and their children. What began as a shared concern over the school-to-prison pipeline has matured into a project that intersects correctional education and compassionate design, providing a ray of light for incarcerated mothers and their children.

April Terry, associate professor of criminal justice, recalls how a simple pinky promise with Sarah Broman Miller, associate professor of teacher education, formed a pact that would change lives. Their shared vision came to fruition when students from a criminal justice course, Women and Crime, and a teacher education course, Literacy Assessment and Interventions, joined to make the promise a reality.

The initiative involved guiding incarcerated mothers and grandmothers at the Topeka Correctional Facility in the art of reading to their kids, transforming a sterile visitation process into a moment of bonding. But the project’s scope soon grew beyond books. Recognizing the need for a tool that could alleviate the visiting children's anxieties, April reached out to Karrie Simpson Voth, program chair of art and design, who, along with her graduate student at the time, Thomas Giebler, conceived the cornerstones of comfort and familiarity in a coloring/activity book.

The pandemic introduced challenges, such as curtailing physical visits to the Topeka Correctional Facility. Yet, adaptation unfolded, and a virtual tour paved the way for Karrie and Thomas to thoughtfully create an illustrative echo of what children experience during visits. The embodiment of this experience came through ACE, a character designed to resonate with the "adverse childhood experiences" encountered by many of these kids. ACE, depicted as a comforting cloud, threads a journey of resilience throughout the pages of the activity book.

This project has many meanings for April. “Professionally, I know most incarcerated mothers and grandmothers are locked up due to non-violent offenses. Many times, they are in for drug-related charges as they used to deal with their traumatic pasts. Most are single mothers of multiple children, and their incarceration creates additional trauma to their (grand)children. I’ve been in that facility many times and have seen where these children visit their mothers. This process can be scary and traumatic.”

“While I can’t change our laws that allow these mothers to receive long sentences for non-violent offenses, and I can’t change many aspects of their incarceration, this project does help better prepare these kids to see their mother in a cold and sterile environment. The coloring/activity book gives them something to work on together and a means for bonding. I often think about how “easy” it is for someone to end up incarcerated in the U.S. I then imagine what it would be like for my four little kids to travel for a six-hour round trip to visit me for a few hours on the weekend, and only if/when someone would bring them,” April shared.

Karrie's dedication to socially responsible design harmonized with her mission to support children and embrace empathy. It mirrored the objective shared by April, Thomas, and Sarah: to mitigate the trauma created by maternal separation and the cold backdrop of incarceration.

“I'm passionate about socially responsible design,” Karrie shared. “This project provided an ideal chance to leverage my influence as a designer for positive and meaningful impact. I was also drawn to this project by my deep compassion for children and empathy for mothers, particularly those, as April noted, who are predominantly single mothers incarcerated for non-violent offenses.”

Karrie’s dad is a retired educator and administrator who taught horticulture classes to adult men at Norton Correctional Facility. He later became the principal at the Larned Juvenile Correction School District in Larned, KS, where he worked with incarcerated adolescents and teens. Karrie gained valuable insights from his experiences. Witnessing his challenges, especially the emotional toll of working with children, further fueled her commitment to this cause.

In rendering ACE and the world within the coloring book, Thomas aimed to translate a correctional facility's daunting elements into engaging, child-friendly imagery. He sought to offer kids a supportive, approachable, and stable friend in ACE as they navigate the emotional and physical labyrinth of visiting their mothers or grandmothers behind bars.

“I was thankful to have been included in this project. It brought to my attention an issue that I was unfamiliar with. It deepened my understanding that there is so much opportunity to use art as a means of service to your community. I always strive to use my abilities to bring more goodness into the world, and I am excited to think how this activity book might make a child’s experience a little brighter,” Thomas shared.

Sarah has always been deeply troubled by the harrowing levels of illiteracy among incarcerated people and the ripple effects on their children. With 70% of incarcerated individuals struggling below a fourth-grade reading level and a direct link to heightened incarceration rates, Sarah recognized the profound impact that improving literacy could have.

The ACE’s Adventure collaboration now stands at the brink of expansion, with aspirations to cater to the unseen needs of children visiting their incarcerated fathers and grandfathers. While ACE charms and comforts, behind it lies a stark reflection of academic neglect—a reflection April, Karrie, Thomas, and Sarah have chosen to confront head-on.

Each semester, the cycle of learning and giving continues. Once a year, the students enrolled in Sarah’s literacy assessment course volunteer to record themselves reading a children’s book aloud. “They send the recordings to our point of contact so she can arrange a time for the women to watch the video recordings in a group,” Sarah said. “Most of the incarcerated women who participate in our research do not know how to read with inflection and change their voices. Viewing the recordings gives them the confidence to read aloud to their children.”

Sarah’s students also offer free online tutoring for women at the Topeka Correctional Facility. The target population is women who read at a fourth-grade level and below. Other programs help women earn their GED, but nothing currently exists for women who are struggling readers.

Additionally, Sarah and her students offer free online reading tutoring for children ages three years and up. Their target population is (grand)children of incarcerated women. “We believe it is

important to educate both the (grand)mothers and their children to improve their quality of life and open the doors to better opportunities,” Sarah said. If you want to volunteer to tutor women or deliver books, please contact Dr. Sarah Broman Miller at sebmiller@fhsu.edu.

Sarah and her students collect gently used and new stuffed animals and children’s books for donation to the family room. When children visit their (grand)mothers, they can choose a stuffed animal and book to take home. The books and animals are delivered to the facility every six months or so.

Through this patchwork of impassioned efforts, via a pinky promise, the sometimes-dim corridors of the Topeka Correctional Facility find themselves illuminated by the hopeful colors of ACE's Adventure. And as children clutch their new stuffed animals and books tightly upon leaving, it's not just a stuffed toy they carry or a coloring page they hold—it's a message that they, too, have the heart of a tiger, braving the adventure of life with a newfound guide and companion

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575302014229.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON Fort Hays State University PresidentA subtle transformation is taking place in the halls of the Topeka Correctional Facility. A beacon of light is emerging from the dedication of a group committed to literacy and emotional support for incarcerated women and their children. What began as a shared concern over the school-to-prison pipeline has matured into a project that intersects correctional education and compassionate design, providing a ray of light for incarcerated mothers and their children.April Terry, associate professor of criminal justice, recalls how a simple pinky promise with Sarah Broman Miller, associate professor of teacher education, formed a pact that would change lives. Their shared vision came to fruition when students from a criminal justice course, Women and Crime, and a teacher education course, Literacy Assessment and Interventions, joined to make the promise a reality.The initiative involved guiding incarcerated mothers and grandmothers at the Topeka Correctional Facility in the art of reading to their kids, transforming a sterile visitation process into a moment of bonding. But the project’s scope soon grew beyond books. Recognizing the need for a tool that could alleviate the visiting children's anxieties, April reached out to Karrie Simpson Voth, program chair of art and design, who, along with her graduate student at the time, Thomas Giebler, conceived the cornerstones of comfort and familiarity in a coloring/activity book.The pandemic introduced challenges, such as curtailing physical visits to the Topeka Correctional Facility. Yet, adaptation unfolded, and a virtual tour paved the way for Karrie and Thomas to thoughtfully create an illustrative echo of what children experience during visits. The embodiment of this experience came through ACE, a character designed to resonate with the "adverse childhood experiences" encountered by many of these kids. ACE, depicted as a comforting cloud, threads a journey of resilience throughout the pages of the activity book.This project has many meanings for April. “Professionally, I know most incarcerated mothers and grandmothers are locked up due to non-violent offenses. Many times, they are in for drug-related charges as they used to deal with their traumatic pasts. Most are single mothers of multiple children, and their incarceration creates additional trauma to their (grand)children. I’ve been in that facility many times and have seen where these children visit their mothers. This process can be scary and traumatic.”“While I can’t change our laws that allow these mothers to receive long sentences for non-violent offenses, and I can’t change many aspects of their incarceration, this project does help better prepare these kids to see their mother in a cold and sterile environment. The coloring/activity book gives them something to work on together and a means for bonding. I often think about how “easy” it is for someone to end up incarcerated in the U.S. I then imagine what it would be like for my four little kids to travel for a six-hour round trip to visit me for a few hours on the weekend, and only if/when someone would bring them,” April shared.Karrie's dedication to socially responsible design harmonized with her mission to support children and embrace empathy. It mirrored the objective shared by April, Thomas, and Sarah: to mitigate the trauma created by maternal separation and the cold backdrop of incarceration.“I'm passionate about socially responsible design,” Karrie shared. “This project provided an ideal chance to leverage my influence as a designer for positive and meaningful impact. I was also drawn to this project by my deep compassion for children and empathy for mothers, particularly those, as April noted, who are predominantly single mothers incarcerated for non-violent offenses.”Karrie’s dad is a retired educator and administrator who taught horticulture classes to adult men at Norton Correctional Facility. He later became the principal at the Larned Juvenile Correction School District in Larned, KS, where he worked with incarcerated adolescents and teens. Karrie gained valuable insights from his experiences. Witnessing his challenges, especially the emotional toll of working with children, further fueled her commitment to this cause.In rendering ACE and the world within the coloring book, Thomas aimed to translate a correctional facility's daunting elements into engaging, child-friendly imagery. He sought to offer kids a supportive, approachable, and stable friend in ACE as they navigate the emotional and physical labyrinth of visiting their mothers or grandmothers behind bars.“I was thankful to have been included in this project. It brought to my attention an issue that I was unfamiliar with. It deepened my understanding that there is so much opportunity to use art as a means of service to your community. I always strive to use my abilities to bring more goodness into the world, and I am excited to think how this activity book might make a child’s experience a little brighter,” Thomas shared.Sarah has always been deeply troubled by the harrowing levels of illiteracy among incarcerated people and the ripple effects on their children. With 70% of incarcerated individuals struggling below a fourth-grade reading level and a direct link to heightened incarceration rates, Sarah recognized the profound impact that improving literacy could have.The ACE’s Adventure collaboration now stands at the brink of expansion, with aspirations to cater to the unseen needs of children visiting their incarcerated fathers and grandfathers. While ACE charms and comforts, behind it lies a stark reflection of academic neglect—a reflection April, Karrie, Thomas, and Sarah have chosen to confront head-on.Each semester, the cycle of learning and giving continues. Once a year, the students enrolled in Sarah’s literacy assessment course volunteer to record themselves reading a children’s book aloud. “They send the recordings to our point of contact so she can arrange a time for the women to watch the video recordings in a group,” Sarah said. “Most of the incarcerated women who participate in our research do not know how to read with inflection and change their voices. Viewing the recordings gives them the confidence to read aloud to their children.”Sarah’s students also offer free online tutoring for women at the Topeka Correctional Facility. The target population is women who read at a fourth-grade level and below. Other programs help women earn their GED, but nothing currently exists for women who are struggling readers.Additionally, Sarah and her students offer free online reading tutoring for children ages three years and up. Their target population is (grand)children of incarcerated women. “We believe it isimportant to educate both the (grand)mothers and their children to improve their quality of life and open the doors to better opportunities,” Sarah said. If you want to volunteer to tutor women or deliver books, please contact Dr. Sarah Broman Miller at sebmiller@fhsu.edu.Sarah and her students collect gently used and new stuffed animals and children’s books for donation to the family room. When children visit their (grand)mothers, they can choose a stuffed animal and book to take home. The books and animals are delivered to the facility every six months or so.Through this patchwork of impassioned efforts, via a pinky promise, the sometimes-dim corridors of the Topeka Correctional Facility find themselves illuminated by the hopeful colors of ACE's Adventure. And as children clutch their new stuffed animals and books tightly upon leaving, it's not just a stuffed toy they carry or a coloring page they hold—it's a message that they, too, have the heart of a tiger, braving the adventure of life with a newfound guide and companion

Heart of a Tiger: Promises kept and lives touched, local educators ignite hope through learning and literacy

MANHATTAN —&nbsp;The Kansas State University chapter of Phi Beta Kappa,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/pbk/">Beta of Kansas</a>,&nbsp;recently inducted 52 members. These new members represent 25 majors and consist of 45 seniors and seven juniors.The Beta of Kansas Chapter also inducted Benjamin McCloskey, associate professor of modern languages, as an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa. McCloskey has been instrumental in developing the classical studies program at K-State.The following are the new inductees:Alyvia Johnson, senior in humanities,&nbsp;Abilene; Kamri Younger, senior in kinesiology,&nbsp;Auburn; Chase Johnson, senior in biology,&nbsp;Berryton; Logan Grauberger, senior in history, and Rachel Pratt, junior in psychology, both from&nbsp;Eudora; and Marrissa Raynesford, senior in chemistry,&nbsp;Hays&nbsp;.Caitlyn Champagne, senior in kinesiology,&nbsp;Lawrence; Francis Sheehan, senior in theatre,&nbsp;Leavenworth; Andrew Navarro, senior in political science,&nbsp;Leawood; Ash Leslie, senior in French and Spanish,&nbsp;Lecompton; Kutina Cabrera, senior in French, Lauren Kropf, senior in biology, and Nina Tiger, senior in anthropology, all from&nbsp;Lenexa; Jillian Canterbury, senior in Spanish education, Spanish and French,&nbsp;Lincoln; Jacqueline Waugh, senior in English,&nbsp;Lindsborg; and Madison Quinn, senior in advertising and public relations,&nbsp;Louisburg.Richelle Collado, senior in English, and&nbsp;Anna Poggi-Corradini, senior in English and mathematics, both from&nbsp;Manhattan; Merissa Christensen, senior in English,&nbsp;Norton; Ryan Cole, senior in political science, and Lance Wackerla, graduate masters in regional and community planning, both from&nbsp;Olathe.From&nbsp;Overland Park: Grace Burgett, junior in English;Mark Early, senior in political science and history;&nbsp;Jordan Kreps, senior in life sciences; Brynn Minor, junior in kinesiology; Ava Modin, senior in political science and philosophy; Madeline Willson, senior in mass communications; and Lindsey Wilson, senior in psychology.Hannah Burns, senior in psychology,&nbsp;Pittsburg; and Sophie Lenkiewicz, senior in anthropology,&nbsp;Salina.From&nbsp;Shawnee:&nbsp;Riley Brokeshoulder, senior in English; Rose Elbert, senior in horticulture; AJ January, senior in history; and Ana Rojas-Plumberg, senior in political science.&nbsp;Lauren Andrews, senior in marketing,&nbsp;Stilwell; Garrett Silvers, senior in anthropology,&nbsp;Valley Falls; Alan Salazar-Munoz, senior in social sciences,&nbsp;Wakefield; and Maranda Haile, graduate masters in English,&nbsp;Wamego.From&nbsp;Wichita:&nbsp;Chase Bauman, senior in Spanish; Josie Brooks, senior in human development and family science; Clare Prohaska, junior in biology; and Catherine Torkelson, senior in English.From out of state: Heather Crawshaw, junior in biology,&nbsp;Tucson, Arizona; McKenna Wise, senior in history,&nbsp;Springfield, Illinois; Lauren Apprill, senior in biochemistry,&nbsp;West Des Moines, Iowa; Grace Tohill, senior in environmental science,&nbsp;Lee’s Summit, Missouri; Darius Skillen, senior mathematics education,&nbsp;Rock Port, Missouri; Meghan Ward, senior in history,&nbsp;North Platte, Nebraska; Sarah Troub, senior in fine arts,&nbsp;Omaha, Nebraska; Cassidy Hartig, senior in English,&nbsp;Plattsmouth, Nebraska; Ellie Brandt, junior in English,&nbsp;Olean, New York; and Jourdin Edwards, junior in athletic training and rehabilitation sciences,&nbsp;Prosper, Texas.Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest and most prestigious academic honor society in the United States. Members are selected based on GPA, knowledge of a second language and depth and breadth of study in the humanities, social sciences, and physical and natural sciences.The Beta of Kansas Chapter is one of only two Phi Beta Kappa organizations in Kansas. Founded in 1974, it initiated 24 members in its first year and has inducted such honorary members as Jimmy Carter and the famous composer, Aaron Copland. Approximately 1,800 members have been elected over the past 50 years.

SubmittedMANHATTAN —&nbsp;The Kansas State University chapter of Phi Beta Kappa,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/pbk/">Beta of Kansas</a>,&nbsp;recently inducted 52 members. These new members represent 25 majors and consist of 45 seniors and seven juniors.The Beta of Kansas Chapter also inducted Benjamin McCloskey, associate professor of modern languages, as an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa. McCloskey has been instrumental in developing the classical studies program at K-State.The following are the new inductees:Alyvia Johnson, senior in humanities,&nbsp;Abilene; Kamri Younger, senior in kinesiology,&nbsp;Auburn; Chase Johnson, senior in biology,&nbsp;Berryton; Logan Grauberger, senior in history, and Rachel Pratt, junior in psychology, both from&nbsp;Eudora; and Marrissa Raynesford, senior in chemistry,&nbsp;Hays&nbsp;.Caitlyn Champagne, senior in kinesiology,&nbsp;Lawrence; Francis Sheehan, senior in theatre,&nbsp;Leavenworth; Andrew Navarro, senior in political science,&nbsp;Leawood; Ash Leslie, senior in French and Spanish,&nbsp;Lecompton; Kutina Cabrera, senior in French, Lauren Kropf, senior in biology, and Nina Tiger, senior in anthropology, all from&nbsp;Lenexa; Jillian Canterbury, senior in Spanish education, Spanish and French,&nbsp;Lincoln; Jacqueline Waugh, senior in English,&nbsp;Lindsborg; and Madison Quinn, senior in advertising and public relations,&nbsp;Louisburg.Richelle Collado, senior in English, and&nbsp;Anna Poggi-Corradini, senior in English and mathematics, both from&nbsp;Manhattan; Merissa Christensen, senior in English,&nbsp;Norton; Ryan Cole, senior in political science, and Lance Wackerla, graduate masters in regional and community planning, both from&nbsp;Olathe.From&nbsp;Overland Park: Grace Burgett, junior in English;Mark Early, senior in political science and history;&nbsp;Jordan Kreps, senior in life sciences; Brynn Minor, junior in kinesiology; Ava Modin, senior in political science and philosophy; Madeline Willson, senior in mass communications; and Lindsey Wilson, senior in psychology.Hannah Burns, senior in psychology,&nbsp;Pittsburg; and Sophie Lenkiewicz, senior in anthropology,&nbsp;Salina.From&nbsp;Shawnee:&nbsp;Riley Brokeshoulder, senior in English; Rose Elbert, senior in horticulture; AJ January, senior in history; and Ana Rojas-Plumberg, senior in political science.&nbsp;Lauren Andrews, senior in marketing,&nbsp;Stilwell; Garrett Silvers, senior in anthropology,&nbsp;Valley Falls; Alan Salazar-Munoz, senior in social sciences,&nbsp;Wakefield; and Maranda Haile, graduate masters in English,&nbsp;Wamego.From&nbsp;Wichita:&nbsp;Chase Bauman, senior in Spanish; Josie Brooks, senior in human development and family science; Clare Prohaska, junior in biology; and Catherine Torkelson, senior in English.From out of state: Heather Crawshaw, junior in biology,&nbsp;Tucson, Arizona; McKenna Wise, senior in history,&nbsp;Springfield, Illinois; Lauren Apprill, senior in biochemistry,&nbsp;West Des Moines, Iowa; Grace Tohill, senior in environmental science,&nbsp;Lee’s Summit, Missouri; Darius Skillen, senior mathematics education,&nbsp;Rock Port, Missouri; Meghan Ward, senior in history,&nbsp;North Platte, Nebraska; Sarah Troub, senior in fine arts,&nbsp;Omaha, Nebraska; Cassidy Hartig, senior in English,&nbsp;Plattsmouth, Nebraska; Ellie Brandt, junior in English,&nbsp;Olean, New York; and Jourdin Edwards, junior in athletic training and rehabilitation sciences,&nbsp;Prosper, Texas.Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest and most prestigious academic honor society in the United States. Members are selected based on GPA, knowledge of a second language and depth and breadth of study in the humanities, social sciences, and physical and natural sciences.The Beta of Kansas Chapter is one of only two Phi Beta Kappa organizations in Kansas. Founded in 1974, it initiated 24 members in its first year and has inducted such honorary members as Jimmy Carter and the famous composer, Aaron Copland. Approximately 1,800 members have been elected over the past 50 years.

Beta of Kansas Chapter inducts NW Kansas Phi Beta Kappa members at K-State

By RAYMOND CLOYD K-State Extension Specialist in Horticultural Entomology

Brood 19 (XIX) and 13 (XIII) of the 13- and 17-year periodical cicada, will be emerging from certain areas in a number of states in the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States but Kansas is not on the list for either cicada.

Periodical cicadas are insects with a 13- or 17-year life cycle depending on geography. Seventeen year life cycles are affiliated with the northern and western regions of the United States whereas 13 year life cycles are associated with the southern regions of the United States. Periodical cicadas have the longest life cycle of any insect, spending almost all their lives as nymphs underground that feed on the xylem (water conducting tissues) of plant roots. From April to June, millions of periodical cicada nymphs will emerge from the soil in an area in almost “perfect synchrony.” The factors responsible for the synchronized emergence are still not well understood.

Each periodical cicada emergence is referred to as a brood with each brood represented by a Roman numeral. There are 30 broods. Seventeen-year periodical cicada broods are designated I to XVII- and 13-year periodical cicada broods are designated XVIII to XXX. Different species are associated with the 13- and 17-year periodical cicada life cycles.

Periodical cicada nymphs undergo five instars (stages between each molt). Early instars are translucent or cream colored, and resemble ants or termites. The later instars are over 1 inch in length and move through the soil feeding on the xylem tissue of plant roots for 13 or 17 years. From April to June, fifth instar nymphs emerge from the soil and crawl onto tree trunks, posts, or other objects. The nymphs remain stationary, and then transition into adults that emerge from the hardened exoskeleton of the nymph. These exoskeletons are present long after adult populations have declined. Adults are 1 to 1-1/2 inches long, black, with red eyes and legs, and have orange veined wings that are held roof like over the body. Adults are active for four to six weeks. In the

first two weeks after emergence, adult females and males congregate at chorus centers, which are locations where males sing and mating occurs. Each mated female disperses from the chorus center and creates a series of slits or egg nests, using her sawlike ovipositor (egg laying device), along the length of 1/4 to 1/2-inch diameter twigs or branches of trees. A female can lay 20 to 30 eggs into each slit or egg nest, with each female capable of laying up to 600 eggs during her six week lifespan. Eggs are laid into the twigs or branches of a number of different trees including: ash, elm, hickory, and oak.

Nymphs emerge (eclose) from the eggs after six to 10 weeks and fall onto the soil surface. The nymphs then enter the soil and start feeding on plant roots. Periodical cicada nymphs are the only insect known to feed on the xylem tissue of plant roots. The nymphs will remain in the soil for 13 or 17 years.

The main plant damage caused by the periodical cicada is associated with egg laying wounds created by females when using their sawlike ovipositor to lay eggs into twigs or small branches. Twig or branch dieback, or flagging may be noticeable later on in the growing season, especially on large trees, such as, oaks. Young, newly planted trees can be substantially damaged or even killed. For those interested, the next brood of periodical cicada to emerge in Kansas will be Brood IV (17 year life cycle), which is scheduled to emerge in 2032.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/1/1706040197223.jpg" alt="File photo" />
 <figcaption>File photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By RAYMOND CLOYD K-State Extension Specialist in Horticultural EntomologyBrood 19 (XIX) and 13 (XIII) of the 13- and 17-year periodical cicada, will be emerging from certain areas in a number of states in the Southern and Midwestern regions of the United States but Kansas is not on the list for either cicada.Periodical cicadas are insects with a 13- or 17-year life cycle depending on geography. Seventeen year life cycles are affiliated with the northern and western regions of the United States whereas 13 year life cycles are associated with the southern regions of the United States. Periodical cicadas have the longest life cycle of any insect, spending almost all their lives as nymphs underground that feed on the xylem (water conducting tissues) of plant roots. From April to June, millions of periodical cicada nymphs will emerge from the soil in an area in almost “perfect synchrony.” The factors responsible for the synchronized emergence are still not well understood.Each periodical cicada emergence is referred to as a brood with each brood represented by a Roman numeral. There are 30 broods. Seventeen-year periodical cicada broods are designated I to XVII- and 13-year periodical cicada broods are designated XVIII to XXX. Different species are associated with the 13- and 17-year periodical cicada life cycles.Periodical cicada nymphs undergo five instars (stages between each molt). Early instars are translucent or cream colored, and resemble ants or termites. The later instars are over 1 inch in length and move through the soil feeding on the xylem tissue of plant roots for 13 or 17 years. From April to June, fifth instar nymphs emerge from the soil and crawl onto tree trunks, posts, or other objects. The nymphs remain stationary, and then transition into adults that emerge from the hardened exoskeleton of the nymph. These exoskeletons are present long after adult populations have declined. Adults are 1 to 1-1/2 inches long, black, with red eyes and legs, and have orange veined wings that are held roof like over the body. Adults are active for four to six weeks. In thefirst two weeks after emergence, adult females and males congregate at chorus centers, which are locations where males sing and mating occurs. Each mated female disperses from the chorus center and creates a series of slits or egg nests, using her sawlike ovipositor (egg laying device), along the length of 1/4 to 1/2-inch diameter twigs or branches of trees. A female can lay 20 to 30 eggs into each slit or egg nest, with each female capable of laying up to 600 eggs during her six week lifespan. Eggs are laid into the twigs or branches of a number of different trees including: ash, elm, hickory, and oak.Nymphs emerge (eclose) from the eggs after six to 10 weeks and fall onto the soil surface. The nymphs then enter the soil and start feeding on plant roots. Periodical cicada nymphs are the only insect known to feed on the xylem tissue of plant roots. The nymphs will remain in the soil for 13 or 17 years.The main plant damage caused by the periodical cicada is associated with egg laying wounds created by females when using their sawlike ovipositor to lay eggs into twigs or small branches. Twig or branch dieback, or flagging may be noticeable later on in the growing season, especially on large trees, such as, oaks. Young, newly planted trees can be substantially damaged or even killed. For those interested, the next brood of periodical cicada to emerge in Kansas will be Brood IV (17 year life cycle), which is scheduled to emerge in 2032.

COTTONWOOD: 13 and 17 year periodical cicada emergence

By JAY HARRIS Cottonwood Extension District

Grassy sandbur is the "sticker" plant that looks like a grass. It will often invade thin lawns, especially in dry years. Therefore, the best control for this weed is a thick, healthy lawn. However, if your lawn is thin this spring and grassy sandbur was a problem last year, use a preemergence herbicide before the sandbur comes up. However, not all preemergence herbicides are effective. The three products that can help minimize grassy sandbur are oryzalin, pendimethalin and prodiamine.

Oryzalin is sold under the trade names of Surflan and Weed Impede. It can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue is the only cool-season grass that is included on the label. Apply oryzalin about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom. Oryzalin is also sold as a combination product with benefin as Green Light Amaze. As with oryzalin alone, it can be used on all warm-season grasses, as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue. Apply Amaze about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom.

Pendimethalin is sold commercially as Pendulum as well as several other names. On the homeowner side, it is sold as Scotts Halts. Pedimethalin is best applied as a split application with the first applied about April 15 and the second about June 1. Alternatively, make the first application when redbud trees approach full bloom and the second six week later.

Prodiamine is sold under the commercial name of Barricade. It is also the active ingredient in a number of homeowner products. It can be used on all of our common lawn grasses. Apply as is done for oryzalin, about April 15 or when redbud trees approach full bloom. Only one application is needed per year.

None of the "weed preventers" will give complete control but each should help. Quinclorac (Drive) can provide some postemergence control especially if the sandbur is in the seedling stage. Quinclorac is also found in a number of combination products that control both broadleaf weeds and crabgrass such as one following:

· Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max + Crabgrass Control

· Bayer All-in-One Lawn Weed and Crabgrass Killer

· Trimec Crabgrass Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed Killer

· Spectracide Weed Stop for Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer

· Bonide Weed Beater Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed Killer

Again, the best control for grassy sandbur is a healthy, thick lawn.

Jay Harris is a Horticulture agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at jayharris@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/3/1710532154009.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By JAY HARRIS Cottonwood Extension DistrictGrassy sandbur is the "sticker" plant that looks like a grass. It will often invade thin lawns, especially in dry years. Therefore, the best control for this weed is a thick, healthy lawn. However, if your lawn is thin this spring and grassy sandbur was a problem last year, use a preemergence herbicide before the sandbur comes up. However, not all preemergence herbicides are effective. The three products that can help minimize grassy sandbur are oryzalin, pendimethalin and prodiamine.Oryzalin is sold under the trade names of Surflan and Weed Impede. It can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue is the only cool-season grass that is included on the label. Apply oryzalin about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom. Oryzalin is also sold as a combination product with benefin as Green Light Amaze. As with oryzalin alone, it can be used on all warm-season grasses, as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue. Apply Amaze about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom.Pendimethalin is sold commercially as Pendulum as well as several other names. On the homeowner side, it is sold as Scotts Halts. Pedimethalin is best applied as a split application with the first applied about April 15 and the second about June 1. Alternatively, make the first application when redbud trees approach full bloom and the second six week later.Prodiamine is sold under the commercial name of Barricade. It is also the active ingredient in a number of homeowner products. It can be used on all of our common lawn grasses. Apply as is done for oryzalin, about April 15 or when redbud trees approach full bloom. Only one application is needed per year.None of the "weed preventers" will give complete control but each should help. Quinclorac (Drive) can provide some postemergence control especially if the sandbur is in the seedling stage. Quinclorac is also found in a number of combination products that control both broadleaf weeds and crabgrass such as one following:· Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max + Crabgrass Control· Bayer All-in-One Lawn Weed and Crabgrass Killer· Monterey Crab-E-Rad Plus· Fertilome Weed Out with Q· Trimec Crabgrass Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed Killer· Spectracide Weed Stop for Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer· Bonide Weed Beater Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed KillerAgain, the best control for grassy sandbur is a healthy, thick lawn.Jay Harris is a Horticulture agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at jayharris@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

HARRIS: Grassy Sandbur control in lawns

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

For Kansas gardeners, St. Patrick’s Day means something much more than donning a favorite green outfit and heading to local celebrations.

Traditionally, the Irish holiday signals the date for planting potatoes.

“Actually, anytime from mid- to late-March is fine for potato planting,” said Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini.

“Be sure to buy seed potatoes rather than using those bought for cooking. Seed potatoes are certified disease free and have plenty of starch to sprout as quickly as soil temperatures allow.”

Domenghini notes that most seed potatoes can be cut into four pieces – “though large potatoes may yield more,” she said. Each seed should weight between 1 ½ to 2 ounces, and likely more than one eye.

Each pound of seed potatoes should yield 8 to 10 pieces, according to Domenghini.

“Cut the seed 2 to 3 days before planting so that freshly cut surfaces have a chance to suberize, or toughen, which provides a protective coating,” Domenghini said. “Storing seed in a warm location during suberization will speed the process.”

Domenghini recommends planting each seed piece 1 to 2 inches deep and 8 to 12 inches apart in rows.

“Though it is important to plant potatoes in March, they emerge slowly,” she said. “It is often mid- to late-April before new plants poke their way through the soil. As the potatoes grow, pull soil up to the base of the plants. New potatoes are borne above the planted seed piece and it is important to keep sunlight from hitting the new potatoes.”

Domenghini said exposed potatoes will turn green and produce a poisonous substance called solanine. Keeping the potatoes covered will prevent this.

&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictFor Kansas gardeners, St. Patrick’s Day means something much more than donning a favorite green outfit and heading to local celebrations.Traditionally, the Irish holiday signals the date for planting potatoes.“Actually, anytime from mid- to late-March is fine for potato planting,” said Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini.“Be sure to buy seed potatoes rather than using those bought for cooking. Seed potatoes are certified disease free and have plenty of starch to sprout as quickly as soil temperatures allow.”Domenghini notes that most seed potatoes can be cut into four pieces – “though large potatoes may yield more,” she said. Each seed should weight between 1 ½ to 2 ounces, and likely more than one eye.Each pound of seed potatoes should yield 8 to 10 pieces, according to Domenghini.“Cut the seed 2 to 3 days before planting so that freshly cut surfaces have a chance to suberize, or toughen, which provides a protective coating,” Domenghini said. “Storing seed in a warm location during suberization will speed the process.”Domenghini recommends planting each seed piece 1 to 2 inches deep and 8 to 12 inches apart in rows.“Though it is important to plant potatoes in March, they emerge slowly,” she said. “It is often mid- to late-April before new plants poke their way through the soil. As the potatoes grow, pull soil up to the base of the plants. New potatoes are borne above the planted seed piece and it is important to keep sunlight from hitting the new potatoes.”Domenghini said exposed potatoes will turn green and produce a poisonous substance called solanine. Keeping the potatoes covered will prevent this.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

BOOR: St. Patrick's Day

More than 50 years ago, artists Robbie (Hoff) Lamoreux, Randy Schlitter, and Margie (Denning) Hammerschmidt studied art together in classes at Hays High School under the instructions of Mr. Crawford Russell and Mr. Robert Channel. After graduating in 1972, Robbie, Randy, and Margie went their various ways and pursued different paths, but creating visual art remained important to each of them. At their recent 50-year Class Reunion in October 2022, the three classmates reconnected and began to explore the possibility of continuing their art journeys together.

In a current exhibit in the Schmidt Gallery of the Hays Public Library, 1205 Main, entitled “Three Point Perspective” they have brought together a sampling of their artwork, representing their unique perspectives, tied together with their shared beginnings. The exhibit will be on display until the last week of April.

Their painting styles, techniques, and mediums are diverse and are influenced by their own experiences and growth as individual artists.

Robbie lives with her husband Gary outside Baldwin City, KS where they raised their two children and owned and operated Arrowhead Hardware in Baldwin for over 30 years. Robbie now works part-time at an antique store in the nearby town of Ottawa. She is widely recognized for her watercolors that reflect fresh and clear colors of local subject matter including sunflowers.

Randy lives with his wife Michele “Shelly” in Hays. He owns and operates RANS Aircraft. His drawing and design talents have been instrumental in his success as an aircraft designer. His art style spans the range of realistic pencil drawings, abstract and fantasy acrylics, and organic and geometric paintings.

Margie lives in Hays with her husband Elden where they raised their two children. Margie retired after a 40-year career in healthcare, after which her interest in horticulture led her to study and become a Master Gardener. Examining botany drawings reignited her interest in art and she has since created a wide portfolio of watercolor paintings of the natural environment and personal connections as well as commissioned work.

In addition to combing their work into the current art exhibition at the library, these three artists have recently spent time together creating art. Perhaps more importantly, they are committed to continue to inspire and encourage each other in their art progression, just as they did back in the Hays High School Art Room Annex in the 1970’s. If you stop by the Hays Public

Library to view their art, feel free to jot a note in the Guest Book to let them know you were there.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/3/1709755203132.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedMore than 50 years ago, artists Robbie (Hoff) Lamoreux, Randy Schlitter, and Margie (Denning) Hammerschmidt studied art together in classes at Hays High School under the instructions of Mr. Crawford Russell and Mr. Robert Channel. After graduating in 1972, Robbie, Randy, and Margie went their various ways and pursued different paths, but creating visual art remained important to each of them. At their recent 50-year Class Reunion in October 2022, the three classmates reconnected and began to explore the possibility of continuing their art journeys together.In a current exhibit in the Schmidt Gallery of the Hays Public Library, 1205 Main, entitled “Three Point Perspective” they have brought together a sampling of their artwork, representing their unique perspectives, tied together with their shared beginnings. The exhibit will be on display until the last week of April.Their painting styles, techniques, and mediums are diverse and are influenced by their own experiences and growth as individual artists.Robbie lives with her husband Gary outside Baldwin City, KS where they raised their two children and owned and operated Arrowhead Hardware in Baldwin for over 30 years. Robbie now works part-time at an antique store in the nearby town of Ottawa. She is widely recognized for her watercolors that reflect fresh and clear colors of local subject matter including sunflowers.Randy lives with his wife Michele “Shelly” in Hays. He owns and operates RANS Aircraft. His drawing and design talents have been instrumental in his success as an aircraft designer. His art style spans the range of realistic pencil drawings, abstract and fantasy acrylics, and organic and geometric paintings.Margie lives in Hays with her husband Elden where they raised their two children. Margie retired after a 40-year career in healthcare, after which her interest in horticulture led her to study and become a Master Gardener. Examining botany drawings reignited her interest in art and she has since created a wide portfolio of watercolor paintings of the natural environment and personal connections as well as commissioned work.In addition to combing their work into the current art exhibition at the library, these three artists have recently spent time together creating art. Perhaps more importantly, they are committed to continue to inspire and encourage each other in their art progression, just as they did back in the Hays High School Art Room Annex in the 1970’s. If you stop by the Hays PublicLibrary to view their art, feel free to jot a note in the Guest Book to let them know you were there.

Three-Point Perspective, Collection of artwork by 3 artists at Hays Public Library

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

We often associate 4-H projects with the county fair but there is so much more to the 4-H year!

The 4-H year begins in October and youth select several projects to explore and increase their knowledge and skills. During winter months, this project work can involve working with a beef or swine animal to begin growing, learning about health, and start handling the animal so that it is familiar with the 4-H member. Project work for the foods project may involve learning new skills such as measuring or using a sharp knife, and helping make meals for the family. Photography members can have incredible opportunities to experiment with light, shadows, and composition with the variety of weather that Kansas provides! Additionally, club members are taking on new leadership roles in their club and improving their communication skills at each meeting.

As we move into spring, livestock projects such as sheep and goats take off as those animals are born or purchased and youth will be learning about nutrition, animal health, and showmanship skills. Photography becomes even more fun as 4-H youth can explore subjects such as animals, insects, or landscapes as we can spend more time outside. This is the time that horticulture projects really get busy as youth work on preparing garden space and selecting seeds or plants.

Throughout the year, youth learn record keeping by working on Project Records which include setting goals, learning opportunities, project work, and financial records.

Communication, Leadership, and Community Engagement are all 4-H project areas but there is a piece of each of these in every 4-H project! These are lifetime skills that help youth be good family members, good employees, and good community members.

Keep learning! Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

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 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictWe often associate 4-H projects with the county fair but there is so much more to the 4-H year!The 4-H year begins in October and youth select several projects to explore and increase their knowledge and skills. During winter months, this project work can involve working with a beef or swine animal to begin growing, learning about health, and start handling the animal so that it is familiar with the 4-H member. Project work for the foods project may involve learning new skills such as measuring or using a sharp knife, and helping make meals for the family. Photography members can have incredible opportunities to experiment with light, shadows, and composition with the variety of weather that Kansas provides! Additionally, club members are taking on new leadership roles in their club and improving their communication skills at each meeting.As we move into spring, livestock projects such as sheep and goats take off as those animals are born or purchased and youth will be learning about nutrition, animal health, and showmanship skills. Photography becomes even more fun as 4-H youth can explore subjects such as animals, insects, or landscapes as we can spend more time outside. This is the time that horticulture projects really get busy as youth work on preparing garden space and selecting seeds or plants.Throughout the year, youth learn record keeping by working on Project Records which include setting goals, learning opportunities, project work, and financial records.Communication, Leadership, and Community Engagement are all 4-H project areas but there is a piece of each of these in every 4-H project! These are lifetime skills that help youth be good family members, good employees, and good community members.Keep learning! Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.