They’re tiny and slow moving, and this spring’s cool, humid weather across the central Plains has been to their liking, so anyone spending time outdoors needs to be on the lookout for ticks.&nbsp;

The wingless parasites, which feed exclusively on human and animal blood, can carry dangerous microbial pathogens and are difficult to control for several reasons.&nbsp;

They make babies – a lot of them. After mating, the adult female American dog tick feeds on her human or animal host until engorged, then drops off and deposits eggs in the environment. She dies after she deposits her eggs, but those egg masses typically number in the thousands from just one female. Males feed sparingly and do not engorge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

There are multiple tick species, and they can live up to two years, plus they can feed on numerous wildlife or human hosts.&nbsp;

Ticks are most commonly found just a few inches or feet off the ground on vegetation and typically ambush their human or animal “hosts,” as they look for a meal by crawling onto grass, weeds, or low bushes and waiting for a host to brush against the vegetation. They then move onto the host to look for a site to attach and feed. Ticks do not jump or drop from trees, Whitworth said.&nbsp;

If not engorged, American dog ticks are typically only about one-eighth of an inch long. If engorged, they increase in size up to three-quarters of an inch.&nbsp;

To protect against ticks, avoid going into tall grass, weeds and brushy areas, Whitworth said. For those who do go into such areas, light-colored clothing can help you see ticks before they reach the skin. Repellents based on DEET (N,N diethyl-meta-toluamide) and permethrin work well in keeping ticks and mosquitoes away. Permethrin-based repellents must not be applied directly to skin.&nbsp;

After coming home from potentially tick-infested areas, inspect your skin, and remove ticks immediately. Ticks removed within several hours after attachment are unlikely to transmit pathogens.&nbsp;

If a tick has already attached itself, remove it manually by grasping as close to the skin as possible with forceps or tweezers, and pull straight away from the skin, using slow, steady pressure. The tick should not be twisted or jerked out, as that increases the chance for its head to be left in the skin. Do not use a lighted match or cover the tick in petroleum jelly or nail polish.&nbsp;

Ticks removed from people should be saved in a vial with alcohol and labeled with the date. If flu-like symptoms, such as headache, skin rash and fever occur 10 to 14 days after the tick’s removal, see a physician immediately, and take the tick with you. If in Kansas, send it to the local K-State Research and Extension office.&nbsp;

Chemical pesticides targeting ticks and mites are called acaricides. They should be used only in areas with chronic tick problems.&nbsp;

More information about ticks in Kansas is available through a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vet.k-state.edu/vhc/docs/ticks-in-kansas.pdf">Kansas State University publication available online</a>.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>They’re tiny and slow moving, and this spring’s cool, humid weather across the central Plains has been to their liking, so anyone spending time outdoors needs to be on the lookout for ticks.&nbsp;The wingless parasites, which feed exclusively on human and animal blood, can carry dangerous microbial pathogens and are difficult to control for several reasons.&nbsp;They make babies – a lot of them. After mating, the adult female American dog tick feeds on her human or animal host until engorged, then drops off and deposits eggs in the environment. She dies after she deposits her eggs, but those egg masses typically number in the thousands from just one female. Males feed sparingly and do not engorge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are multiple tick species, and they can live up to two years, plus they can feed on numerous wildlife or human hosts.&nbsp;Ticks are most commonly found just a few inches or feet off the ground on vegetation and typically ambush their human or animal “hosts,” as they look for a meal by crawling onto grass, weeds, or low bushes and waiting for a host to brush against the vegetation. They then move onto the host to look for a site to attach and feed. Ticks do not jump or drop from trees, Whitworth said.&nbsp;If not engorged, American dog ticks are typically only about one-eighth of an inch long. If engorged, they increase in size up to three-quarters of an inch.&nbsp;To protect against ticks, avoid going into tall grass, weeds and brushy areas, Whitworth said. For those who do go into such areas, light-colored clothing can help you see ticks before they reach the skin. Repellents based on DEET (N,N diethyl-meta-toluamide) and permethrin work well in keeping ticks and mosquitoes away. Permethrin-based repellents must not be applied directly to skin.&nbsp;After coming home from potentially tick-infested areas, inspect your skin, and remove ticks immediately. Ticks removed within several hours after attachment are unlikely to transmit pathogens.&nbsp;If a tick has already attached itself, remove it manually by grasping as close to the skin as possible with forceps or tweezers, and pull straight away from the skin, using slow, steady pressure. The tick should not be twisted or jerked out, as that increases the chance for its head to be left in the skin. Do not use a lighted match or cover the tick in petroleum jelly or nail polish.&nbsp;Ticks removed from people should be saved in a vial with alcohol and labeled with the date. If flu-like symptoms, such as headache, skin rash and fever occur 10 to 14 days after the tick’s removal, see a physician immediately, and take the tick with you. If in Kansas, send it to the local K-State Research and Extension office.&nbsp;Chemical pesticides targeting ticks and mites are called acaricides. They should be used only in areas with chronic tick problems.&nbsp;More information about ticks in Kansas is available through a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vet.k-state.edu/vhc/docs/ticks-in-kansas.pdf">Kansas State University publication available online</a>.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Be on the lookout for ticks

Supporting the healthy development of the young child’s brain is both a tremendous opportunity and an awesome responsibility. Children birth to age 3 and their parents are invited to Brainy Babies at the Hays Public Library on Tuesdays June 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 at 6 pm each evening.&nbsp;

The interactive series encourages and stimulates learning while enhancing the relationship between adult and child. A very short program will include what adults can do to support brain development and how play builds connections in the brain. The remainder of the time is for interaction between children and parents.&nbsp;

	There are many things that can be done to support a child’s healthy brain development, beginning before birth and continuing until the child is an adult. Parents, grandparents and other adults play a very important role in helping ensure healthy brain development.

The developing brain needs two basics: safety and positive experiences. Parents who want to support their babies’ brain development should remember these two rules. Number one is to create a safe environment. It is the responsibility of the parent to make sure the baby is safe and not under stress. Consistency is key. If there is a predictable schedule, the baby will know there is someone there for them and they will feel safe.&nbsp;

The second basic need is positive, enriching experiences. The brain learns best when it is challenged with new information and then relates the new information to what the child already knows. Exposing your baby to new things helps the brain strengthen old connections and make new ones.

Simple things such as talking to your baby and interacting face-to-face builds the brain connections needed for both language skills and a healthy emotional bond. Read to your baby beginning at birth. Hearing adults read helps the brain develop language connections. It also gives parents and babies a chance to spend time together.&nbsp;

Please plan to join Amy Lucio, Hays Public Library Early Literacy Coordinator and me in the children’s section of the Hays Public Library on Tuesday, June 1 at 6 pm for our first session of Brainy Babies.&nbsp;

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Supporting the healthy development of the young child’s brain is both a tremendous opportunity and an awesome responsibility. Children birth to age 3 and their parents are invited to Brainy Babies at the Hays Public Library on Tuesdays June 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 at 6 pm each evening.&nbsp;The interactive series encourages and stimulates learning while enhancing the relationship between adult and child. A very short program will include what adults can do to support brain development and how play builds connections in the brain. The remainder of the time is for interaction between children and parents.&nbsp;	There are many things that can be done to support a child’s healthy brain development, beginning before birth and continuing until the child is an adult. Parents, grandparents and other adults play a very important role in helping ensure healthy brain development.The developing brain needs two basics: safety and positive experiences. Parents who want to support their babies’ brain development should remember these two rules. Number one is to create a safe environment. It is the responsibility of the parent to make sure the baby is safe and not under stress. Consistency is key. If there is a predictable schedule, the baby will know there is someone there for them and they will feel safe.&nbsp;The second basic need is positive, enriching experiences. The brain learns best when it is challenged with new information and then relates the new information to what the child already knows. Exposing your baby to new things helps the brain strengthen old connections and make new ones.Simple things such as talking to your baby and interacting face-to-face builds the brain connections needed for both language skills and a healthy emotional bond. Read to your baby beginning at birth. Hearing adults read helps the brain develop language connections. It also gives parents and babies a chance to spend time together.&nbsp;Please plan to join Amy Lucio, Hays Public Library Early Literacy Coordinator and me in the children’s section of the Hays Public Library on Tuesday, June 1 at 6 pm for our first session of Brainy Babies.&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: Brainy babies

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays Post

The deadline for candidates to file for this year’s city and
school board election is quickly approaching.

There are a number of positions up for election later this
year but only a handful of candidates have filed the paperwork and paid the $20
fee with the county election office.

The candidate filing deadline is noon on June 1. The primary
election is set for Aug. 3 with the general election Nov. 2.

There are three seats up for election on the Hays City
Commission. Two of the positions are four-year terms and one two-year term.

As of Wednesday morning, only three candidates had filed for
Hays City Commission — incumbent Shaun Musil, along with Samuel Allen
and Reese Barrick.

Three positions are up for election on the Ellis City
Council. Three people have filed so far. Those candidates are incumbents John Walz,
Tricia Pritchett and Devin Henderson.

There are five positions up for election on the Schoenchen
City Council. The two candidates that have filed for far are incumbents Kyle
Zimmerman and Federick Follmer.

Three positions are up for election on the Victoria City
County. Incumbent Harland Rupp is the only candidate that has filed at this
time.

The Hays USD 489 school board has three are large positions
up for election this far. Two people have filed so far. Those candidates are Casey
Herrman and Thomas Wasinger.

Ellis USD 388 also has three at large positions up for
election but as a Wednesday morning no candidates have filed for the positions.

Ellis incumbent Mayor David McDaniel is the only candidate
for file for the position.

Victoria Mayor John Schulte has filed for re-election and is
the only candidate to file so far.

Ellis City Treasurer Faith Scheck is the only candidate who has filed for the position.

In Schoechen, Kevin Bieker is the only candidate who has
filed for Mayor.

There are two board positions up for election on the Cottonwood
Extension District. Kathleen Huser and Donna Maskus have filed for those two
spots.

There are also three director positions available on each
the Big Creek, Munjor, Prairie Acres and Suburban Estates Improvement
Districts.

Casey Herrman and Duane Kuhn have filed for the Big Creek
Improvement District.

You can find a full list of positions and candidates below:

Ellis City Mayor - 1 position David R McDaniel

Ellis City Treasurer - 1 position Faith A Scheck

Ellis City Councilmember - 3 at large positions John A Walz Tricia L Pritchett Devin D Henderson

Hays City Commission Samuel E Allen Shaun Musil Reese E Barrick

Schoenchen Mayor - 1 position Kevin Bieker

Schoenchen City Councilmember - 5 Positions&nbsp; Kyle Zimmerman Federick H Follmer

Victoria City Mayor - 1 position John Schulte

Victoria Councilmember - 3 positions Harland E Rupp

USD 489 - 3 at-large positions Casey F Herrman Thomas M Wasinger

Big Creek Improvement District - 3 Director positions Casey F Herrman Duane F Kuhn

Munjor Improvement District - 3 Director positions

Prairie Acres Improvement District - 3 Director positions

Suburban Estates Improvement District - 3 Director positions

Cottonwood Extension District #17 - 2 board positions Kathleen Huser Donna J Maskus

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays PostThe deadline for candidates to file for this year’s city and
school board election is quickly approaching.There are a number of positions up for election later this
year but only a handful of candidates have filed the paperwork and paid the $20
fee with the county election office.The candidate filing deadline is noon on June 1. The primary
election is set for Aug. 3 with the general election Nov. 2.There are three seats up for election on the Hays City
Commission. Two of the positions are four-year terms and one two-year term.As of Wednesday morning, only three candidates had filed for
Hays City Commission — incumbent Shaun Musil, along with Samuel Allen
and Reese Barrick.Three positions are up for election on the Ellis City
Council. Three people have filed so far. Those candidates are incumbents John Walz,
Tricia Pritchett and Devin Henderson.There are five positions up for election on the Schoenchen
City Council. The two candidates that have filed for far are incumbents Kyle
Zimmerman and Federick Follmer.Three positions are up for election on the Victoria City
County. Incumbent Harland Rupp is the only candidate that has filed at this
time.The Hays USD 489 school board has three are large positions
up for election this far. Two people have filed so far. Those candidates are Casey
Herrman and Thomas Wasinger.Ellis USD 388 also has three at large positions up for
election but as a Wednesday morning no candidates have filed for the positions.Ellis incumbent Mayor David McDaniel is the only candidate
for file for the position.Victoria Mayor John Schulte has filed for re-election and is
the only candidate to file so far.Ellis City Treasurer Faith Scheck is the only candidate who has filed for the position.In Schoechen, Kevin Bieker is the only candidate who has
filed for Mayor.There are two board positions up for election on the Cottonwood
Extension District. Kathleen Huser and Donna Maskus have filed for those two
spots.There are also three director positions available on each
the Big Creek, Munjor, Prairie Acres and Suburban Estates Improvement
Districts.Casey Herrman and Duane Kuhn have filed for the Big Creek
Improvement District.You can find a full list of positions and candidates below:Ellis City Mayor - 1 position David R McDanielEllis City Treasurer - 1 position Faith A ScheckEllis City Councilmember - 3 at large positions John A Walz Tricia L Pritchett Devin D HendersonHays City Commission Samuel E Allen Shaun Musil Reese E BarrickSchoenchen Mayor - 1 position Kevin BiekerSchoenchen City Councilmember - 5 Positions&nbsp; Kyle Zimmerman Federick H FollmerVictoria City Mayor - 1 position John SchulteVictoria Councilmember - 3 positions Harland E RuppUSD 388 - 3 at large positionsUSD 489 - 3 at-large positions Casey F Herrman Thomas M WasingerBig Creek Improvement District - 3 Director positions Casey F Herrman Duane F KuhnMunjor Improvement District - 3 Director positionsPrairie Acres Improvement District - 3 Director positionsSuburban Estates Improvement District - 3 Director positionsCottonwood Extension District #17 - 2 board positions Kathleen Huser Donna J Maskus

Candidate filing deadline June 1

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District Agent Lauren Fick shares tick and mosquito bite prevention tips.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

<div><iframe title="Stay safe this summer with these mosquito and tick prevention tips" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=7tce5-10496bf-pb&from=pb6admin&download=1&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3&btn-skin=3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District Agent Lauren Fick shares tick and mosquito bite prevention tips.<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

🎙Post Podcast: Stay safe this summer with these mosquito and tick prevention tips

In an effort to bring project-based activities to area youth, K-State Research and Extension has launched the Kansas Clover Classroom, providing a resource for parents and youth leaders to present fun science lessons to area children.

“It’s something we’re really excited about,” said Susan
Schlichting, 4-H Youth Development agent with the Cottonwood Extension
District. “We have been locked down for the last year of life and we put our
energies toward creating some new resources that kids and families can download
for free from the Kansas 4-H website to help them learn some new things in our
4-H traditional way of hands of learning.”

<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html">The first set of eight project challenges is currently
available now</a>&nbsp;on the Kansas 4-H website.

The challenges are laid out on 8-by-11 pages that outline the hands-on activities including resources and hints about the individual projects.

“Things like geology, photography, bread baking, gardening,
building a pollinator garden are some of the things already in the classroom,” Schlichting said.

Ultimately, they hope to have 30 projects available,
reflecting 4-H project areas.

“It’s a great tool that you can have access to anytime day or night and explore those project areas,” Schlichting said.

Each project contains everything needed for the individual
challenges, including links to further information.

And the challenges are also designed to use materials commonly
found in the home.

“The online resources and virtual 4-H meeting zooms have enhanced my ability to provide them with bigger city options and help me with resources on things I am not an expert in," said Christina Frick, who has three children involved with the Pawnee County 4-H.

"I think all these resources are great," she said. (It lets children) "use their imagination and creativity to explore.”&nbsp;

Frick also said the program has encouraged her children to be active while learning.

"The kids love to go explore the pastures," she said. "We have done metal detecting in our pastures and they always are on the lookout for drop antlers in the pasture and trees.  The day that photo (above) was taken they went exploring and brought back many treasures. ... Many 4-H projects relate to each other so when we do a project it applies to many other projects."&nbsp;

While the classroom is online and can be completed with parents in the home, Schlichting said there are also opportunities
to use the challenges in a group setting or for others that want to have an engaging experience with a child.

“Maybe grandma wants to teach their grandchild how to bake
bread,” Schlichting said. “Here is a great little tool to help them get started
and some hints on how to approach that with their grandchild.”

She said the projects could also be used in a school
setting, or among 4-H clubs.

“It could be done as a group effort,” Schlichting said. “But
it could also be an individual child.”

The programs are designed to work for students at a variety of ages and educational levels.

“Some of them are set up differently; some of them are very
focused on beginner level,” Schlichting said. 

Others she said include more advanced concepts.

“There are things like the bread-making challenge actually
has three different levels of challenge within one project challenge sheet,”
Schlichting said.

“Each one of them has a little bit different twist,” she
said. “You will want to explore them and see what fits well for you.”

The Clover Classroom was developed as a collaborative effort with extension agents across the state.

With the Extension being a part of
Kansas State University, Schlichting said everything is based on research and relays science-based activities in a fun and engaging way.

“It may not seem like science, but there is science behind
everything we are doing,” Schlichting said. 

“There are a lot of different avenues you can pursue with
this, and we think it is a really fun resource and hope that families will take
advantage of it this summer,” she said.

The projects can be downloaded for free at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html">kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1621540240598.jpeg" alt="Photo courtesy Christina Frick, Pawnee County 4-H." />
 <figcaption>Photo courtesy Christina Frick, Pawnee County 4-H.</figcaption>
 </figure><div><iframe title="Kansas Clover Classroom provides free educational opportunities" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=9zk7b-104242c-pb&from=pb6admin&download=1&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3&btn-skin=3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>By JAMES BELL Hays PostIn an effort to bring project-based activities to area youth, K-State Research and Extension has launched the Kansas Clover Classroom, providing a resource for parents and youth leaders to present fun science lessons to area children.“It’s something we’re really excited about,” said Susan
Schlichting, 4-H Youth Development agent with the Cottonwood Extension
District. “We have been locked down for the last year of life and we put our
energies toward creating some new resources that kids and families can download
for free from the Kansas 4-H website to help them learn some new things in our
4-H traditional way of hands of learning.”<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html">The first set of eight project challenges is currently
available now</a>&nbsp;on the Kansas 4-H website.The challenges are laid out on 8-by-11 pages that outline the hands-on activities including resources and hints about the individual projects.“Things like geology, photography, bread baking, gardening,
building a pollinator garden are some of the things already in the classroom,” Schlichting said.Ultimately, they hope to have 30 projects available,
reflecting 4-H project areas.“It’s a great tool that you can have access to anytime day or night and explore those project areas,” Schlichting said.Each project contains everything needed for the individual
challenges, including links to further information.And the challenges are also designed to use materials commonly
found in the home.“The online resources and virtual 4-H meeting zooms have enhanced my ability to provide them with bigger city options and help me with resources on things I am not an expert in," said Christina Frick, who has three children involved with the Pawnee County 4-H."I think all these resources are great," she said. (It lets children) "use their imagination and creativity to explore.”&nbsp;Frick also said the program has encouraged her children to be active while learning."The kids love to go explore the pastures," she said. "We have done metal detecting in our pastures and they always are on the lookout for drop antlers in the pasture and trees. The day that photo (above) was taken they went exploring and brought back many treasures. ... Many 4-H projects relate to each other so when we do a project it applies to many other projects."&nbsp;While the classroom is online and can be completed with parents in the home, Schlichting said there are also opportunities
to use the challenges in a group setting or for others that want to have an engaging experience with a child.“Maybe grandma wants to teach their grandchild how to bake
bread,” Schlichting said. “Here is a great little tool to help them get started
and some hints on how to approach that with their grandchild.”She said the projects could also be used in a school
setting, or among 4-H clubs.“It could be done as a group effort,” Schlichting said. “But
it could also be an individual child.”The programs are designed to work for students at a variety of ages and educational levels.“Some of them are set up differently; some of them are very
focused on beginner level,” Schlichting said. Others she said include more advanced concepts.“There are things like the bread-making challenge actually
has three different levels of challenge within one project challenge sheet,”
Schlichting said.“Each one of them has a little bit different twist,” she
said. “You will want to explore them and see what fits well for you.”The Clover Classroom was developed as a collaborative effort with extension agents across the state.With the Extension being a part of
Kansas State University, Schlichting said everything is based on research and relays science-based activities in a fun and engaging way.“It may not seem like science, but there is science behind
everything we are doing,” Schlichting said. “There are a lot of different avenues you can pursue with
this, and we think it is a really fun resource and hope that families will take
advantage of it this summer,” she said.The projects can be downloaded for free at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html">kansas4-h.org/resources/cloverclassroom.html</a>

Kansas Clover Classroom provides hands-on learning opportunities

GREAT BEND — Wheat growers can make plans to attend the Cottonwood Extension District's Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.

Come hear what extension specialist have to say about each wheat variety, production practices and pest management. There is always time for questions and discussion.

The location of the field day is 2.5 miles west on West Barton County Road at the intersection of NW 50th Avenue.

Donuts and refreshments will be provided courtesy of American Ag Credit and Ed Jr. Farm.

 In case of inclement weather, the field day will be held at American Ag Credit, 5634 10th St., Great Bend.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620849725737.jpeg" alt=" Cottonwood Extension District-Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day is May 25. (File photo)" />
 <figcaption> Cottonwood Extension District-Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day is May 25. (File photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedGREAT BEND — Wheat growers can make plans to attend the Cottonwood Extension District's Barton County Wheat Plot Field Day on May 25 beginning at 8:30 a.m.Come hear what extension specialist have to say about each wheat variety, production practices and pest management. There is always time for questions and discussion.The location of the field day is 2.5 miles west on West Barton County Road at the intersection of NW 50th Avenue.Donuts and refreshments will be provided courtesy of American Ag Credit and Ed Jr. Farm. In case of inclement weather, the field day will be held at American Ag Credit, 5634 10th St., Great Bend.

Cottonwood Extension's Barton Co. wheat plot field day next week

This garden is located at the Kansas State Agricultural Research Center – Hays, formerly called the Experiment Station. It is located just south of Hays Frontier Park, south of the US Highway 183 Alternate (bypass). If you head south on Main, continue south across the Alternate, then take the first drive on your left (east off of 240 th Ave).

The drive curves. When the road takes a right turn, you are at a place to park to view not just the Trial Garden but the Backyard Demonstration Garden as well.

This vegetable garden serves as a trial garden for vegetable varieties being tested by K-State horticulture specialists to help update the list of KSRE recommended vegetable varieties. The Hays garden has typically tested tomatoes, sweet and hot peppers. Other plants such as zucchini and yellow squash are also sometimes grown.

The vegetables are planted, maintained and harvested by the Ellis County Master Gardeners. The actual number of new varieties tested varies year by year. Trial cultivars are planted side by side and include cultivars of the same species that are accepted standards currently in the trade.

Evaluations of each plant are done throughout the growing season. Quantitative and qualitative data is carefully collected for each variety, recorded and then reported to K-State at the end of the season. After harvesting and documenting the performance information, the fruit can be used by the Master Gardener who is doing the data collection. When quantities allow, produce is often shared with all Master Gardeners and/or provided to local food banks.

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at&nbsp; www.cottonwood.ksu.edu or call 785-628-9430

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>This garden is located at the Kansas State Agricultural Research Center – Hays, formerly called the Experiment Station. It is located just south of Hays Frontier Park, south of the US Highway 183 Alternate (bypass). If you head south on Main, continue south across the Alternate, then take the first drive on your left (east off of 240 th Ave).The drive curves. When the road takes a right turn, you are at a place to park to view not just the Trial Garden but the Backyard Demonstration Garden as well.This vegetable garden serves as a trial garden for vegetable varieties being tested by K-State horticulture specialists to help update the list of KSRE recommended vegetable varieties. The Hays garden has typically tested tomatoes, sweet and hot peppers. Other plants such as zucchini and yellow squash are also sometimes grown.The vegetables are planted, maintained and harvested by the Ellis County Master Gardeners. The actual number of new varieties tested varies year by year. Trial cultivars are planted side by side and include cultivars of the same species that are accepted standards currently in the trade.Evaluations of each plant are done throughout the growing season. Quantitative and qualitative data is carefully collected for each variety, recorded and then reported to K-State at the end of the season. After harvesting and documenting the performance information, the fruit can be used by the Master Gardener who is doing the data collection. When quantities allow, produce is often shared with all Master Gardeners and/or provided to local food banks.Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at&nbsp; www.cottonwood.ksu.edu or call 785-628-9430

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Vegetable trial garden

We are approaching the time of year when many people take a vacation. In the rush to get everything done before leaving, don't forget your houseplants will probably need watering while you are gone. The best alternative is to have someone water them for you. However, if this is not possible, there are alternatives. 1. Well-watered plants can be placed inside a plastic bag. Prop up the bag by using wooden dowels or something similar to keep the plastic off the leaves. Make sure the enclosed plants will not receive full sun as heat buildup may cook them. Bright, indirect light is best. Plants should keep for about a week with this method. 2. This method requires an old dish drying rack, a bathtub in a bathroom with some natural light, and some shoelaces. Place the drying rack upside down in the tub and add several inches of water. Push one end of a shoelace through a drainage hole on the bottom of a pot and into the potting soil of your houseplant. The other end of the shoelace dangles into the water. You have made a wick system that will replace the water in the pot as the plant uses it. Plants can last a couple of weeks if you have enough natural light.​

3. Numerous commercial products that can be used to automatically water houseplants in your absence. The advantage of these products is that the houseplant does not normally need to be moved. All require a reservoir from which water is either siphoned or pumped to individual houseplants. Houseplants should last as long as the water holds out. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>We are approaching the time of year when many people take a vacation. In the rush to get everything done before leaving, don't forget your houseplants will probably need watering while you are gone. The best alternative is to have someone water them for you. However, if this is not possible, there are alternatives. 1. Well-watered plants can be placed inside a plastic bag. Prop up the bag by using wooden dowels or something similar to keep the plastic off the leaves. Make sure the enclosed plants will not receive full sun as heat buildup may cook them. Bright, indirect light is best. Plants should keep for about a week with this method. 2. This method requires an old dish drying rack, a bathtub in a bathroom with some natural light, and some shoelaces. Place the drying rack upside down in the tub and add several inches of water. Push one end of a shoelace through a drainage hole on the bottom of a pot and into the potting soil of your houseplant. The other end of the shoelace dangles into the water. You have made a wick system that will replace the water in the pot as the plant uses it. Plants can last a couple of weeks if you have enough natural light.​3. Numerous commercial products that can be used to automatically water houseplants in your absence. The advantage of these products is that the houseplant does not normally need to be moved. All require a reservoir from which water is either siphoned or pumped to individual houseplants. Houseplants should last as long as the water holds out. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Watering houseplants while on vacation 

Fluctuating commodity prices, weather challenges and other factors mean farmers are used to a certain amount of stress. But the pandemic in the past year added that much more, according to a Kansas State University behavioral health specialist.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Farming is difficult in the best of circumstances, and to add a layer of stress such as the pandemic makes it more difficult to do the work and to recover from a mental health perspective,” said Bradley Dirks, K-State Research and Extension Behavioral Health Specialist.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“There are so many things impacting our mental health in rural areas. It’s almost like a perfect storm,” said Dirks, who noted that everyone has a different response to stress. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Dirks noted that in rural communities and particularly in farming operations, people often work in solitary situations. Those stretches of time spent alone are typically balanced with church, school, community or other social gatherings. The pandemic made it difficult if not impossible to have that social balance, which further isolated many people.&nbsp;&nbsp;

That isolation plus mental health resources that are few and far between can magnify the problem for those seeking help. Even telehealth sessions with a counselor are difficult or non-existent for those lacking good broadband internet. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Dirks said some indications of stress include a lack of sleep, resulting in fatigue which magnifies everyday problems. Too many days like that result in a lack of concentration, irritability, anxiety, and changes in appetite which can cause further isolation. Some people turn to alcohol or other substances as a means to cope, which can further negatively impact our relationships. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“One of the things that makes us successful is our ability to power through. One of the things that impairs our ability to be healthy is our unwillingness to say we need help,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Part of the solution is to educate people, Dirks said. More than 50% of us will feel depressed or anxious at some point in our lives so we are not alone or unique in our struggles.&nbsp;&nbsp;

To help connect rural Kansans with resources, the K-State Research and Extension Stress and Resiliency Transdisciplinary Team was assembled. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“We’re in a great position with our extension agents and our extension system as a whole, to be able to identify the problem as well as be part of the solution,” Dirks said. The team works in both rural and urban areas.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Any group across the state – bank group, church group, or farm related organization -- can contact team members Rebecca McFarland at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rmcfarla@ksu.edu" target="_blank">rmcfarla@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or Rachael Clews at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rclews@ksu.edu" target="_blank">rclews@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;to request a one- to two-hour program on the topic of mental health. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Numerous people on the team have been trained in QPR (Question, Persuade and Respond), Dirks said. That program is focused on people who are potentially suicidal – those who see no way out. Some team members are also trained in what he called mental health first aid, not as therapists but to recognize what to do when they know someone is struggling. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Dirks encourages anyone who is struggling with mental health challenges or who knows someone who may be, to seek help.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Fluctuating commodity prices, weather challenges and other factors mean farmers are used to a certain amount of stress. But the pandemic in the past year added that much more, according to a Kansas State University behavioral health specialist.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Farming is difficult in the best of circumstances, and to add a layer of stress such as the pandemic makes it more difficult to do the work and to recover from a mental health perspective,” said Bradley Dirks, K-State Research and Extension Behavioral Health Specialist.&nbsp;&nbsp;“There are so many things impacting our mental health in rural areas. It’s almost like a perfect storm,” said Dirks, who noted that everyone has a different response to stress. &nbsp;&nbsp;Dirks noted that in rural communities and particularly in farming operations, people often work in solitary situations. Those stretches of time spent alone are typically balanced with church, school, community or other social gatherings. The pandemic made it difficult if not impossible to have that social balance, which further isolated many people.&nbsp;&nbsp;That isolation plus mental health resources that are few and far between can magnify the problem for those seeking help. Even telehealth sessions with a counselor are difficult or non-existent for those lacking good broadband internet. &nbsp;&nbsp;Dirks said some indications of stress include a lack of sleep, resulting in fatigue which magnifies everyday problems. Too many days like that result in a lack of concentration, irritability, anxiety, and changes in appetite which can cause further isolation. Some people turn to alcohol or other substances as a means to cope, which can further negatively impact our relationships. &nbsp;&nbsp;“One of the things that makes us successful is our ability to power through. One of the things that impairs our ability to be healthy is our unwillingness to say we need help,” he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;Part of the solution is to educate people, Dirks said. More than 50% of us will feel depressed or anxious at some point in our lives so we are not alone or unique in our struggles.&nbsp;&nbsp;To help connect rural Kansans with resources, the K-State Research and Extension Stress and Resiliency Transdisciplinary Team was assembled. &nbsp;&nbsp;“We’re in a great position with our extension agents and our extension system as a whole, to be able to identify the problem as well as be part of the solution,” Dirks said. The team works in both rural and urban areas.&nbsp;&nbsp;Any group across the state – bank group, church group, or farm related organization -- can contact team members Rebecca McFarland at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rmcfarla@ksu.edu" target="_blank">rmcfarla@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or Rachael Clews at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:rclews@ksu.edu" target="_blank">rclews@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;to request a one- to two-hour program on the topic of mental health. &nbsp;&nbsp;Numerous people on the team have been trained in QPR (Question, Persuade and Respond), Dirks said. That program is focused on people who are potentially suicidal – those who see no way out. Some team members are also trained in what he called mental health first aid, not as therapists but to recognize what to do when they know someone is struggling. &nbsp;&nbsp;Dirks encourages anyone who is struggling with mental health challenges or who knows someone who may be, to seek help.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Mental health in rural Kansas

Wheat growers can make plans to attend the Ellis County Wheat Variety Plot Field Day conducted by the Cottonwood Extension District on May 25 beginning at 6 p.m.

Come hear what extension specialist have to say about each variety. There is always something in the plot to see and learn from, whether it is about the individual varieties, insects or diseases that are sometimes spotted in the plot.

The field day location is north of the Victoria Exit on Cathedral Road, go one mile west on Fairground Road and turn south onto 330th Avenue.

A free meal and refreshments will immediately follow the field day.

All interested people are invited to attend. No RSVP necessary.

In case of inclement weather, the event will be held at the VFW Hall in Victoria, 204 E. Main Street.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620850316151.png" alt="Extension wheat plot tour (File photo)" />
 <figcaption>Extension wheat plot tour (File photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedWheat growers can make plans to attend the Ellis County Wheat Variety Plot Field Day conducted by the Cottonwood Extension District on May 25 beginning at 6 p.m.Come hear what extension specialist have to say about each variety. There is always something in the plot to see and learn from, whether it is about the individual varieties, insects or diseases that are sometimes spotted in the plot.The field day location is north of the Victoria Exit on Cathedral Road, go one mile west on Fairground Road and turn south onto 330th Avenue.A free meal and refreshments will immediately follow the field day.All interested people are invited to attend. No RSVP necessary.In case of inclement weather, the event will be held at the VFW Hall in Victoria, 204 E. Main Street.

Extension sets annual Ellis County wheat plot tour for May 25

It’s no secret that as we age our senses decline. This is normal and is called age-related sensory decline. Earlier this week I had the opportunity to share the educational program “Gray for a Day” with a group of high school students in their human development class. My presentation provided the young people with an “aha” moment as they thought about family members experiencing losses. I also used my time with them to share my thoughts on living a healthy lifestyle to push back these signs of aging.&nbsp;

The “Gray for a Day” kit contained glasses which simulated what it would be like to have macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts or glaucoma. Participants who kept the glasses on while doing the rest of the exercises were challenged to do simple tasks like counting out pills (we used beads) to put in a medicine dispenser. I also had the students tape a couple of their fingers together to simulate the stiffness that is experienced with arthritis. Tying a piece of yarn around their partners wrist was no small task when they couldn’t bend fingers.&nbsp;

Ear plugs in their ears and part of a cotton ball in their nose affected their sense of hearing and smell. Breathing through a straw helped participants see what it would feel like if they experienced decreased lung efficiency such as COPD.

The group of high school students stayed engaged throughout the activity. In evaluations I had them fill out, they indicated that it tested their patience. Several others noted they could see how hard it was to do simple functions when people age. &nbsp;

The PowerPoint presentation I opened with, highlighted that beginning in the mid-40’s throughout the 70’s, the senses of hearing, vision, touch, taste and smell begin to decline. However, I pointed out that while sensory decline is normal with increasing age, not everyone will experience it and those who do will experience it in different ways. Many older people adjust quite well and are able to compensate for their sensory losses.&nbsp;

A goal of this program was to help participants develop skills necessary to support someone who may be experiencing age-related sensory and functional challenges. A bonus was to help the students understand how taking steps to improve or maintain their health now will contribute to sensory and functional well-being in the future. Reminding them that their choices of food and exercise now could make a huge difference in the future is the key.

For more information about adult development and aging resources please feel free to give me a call or send an e-mail!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s no secret that as we age our senses decline. This is normal and is called age-related sensory decline. Earlier this week I had the opportunity to share the educational program “Gray for a Day” with a group of high school students in their human development class. My presentation provided the young people with an “aha” moment as they thought about family members experiencing losses. I also used my time with them to share my thoughts on living a healthy lifestyle to push back these signs of aging.&nbsp;The “Gray for a Day” kit contained glasses which simulated what it would be like to have macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts or glaucoma. Participants who kept the glasses on while doing the rest of the exercises were challenged to do simple tasks like counting out pills (we used beads) to put in a medicine dispenser. I also had the students tape a couple of their fingers together to simulate the stiffness that is experienced with arthritis. Tying a piece of yarn around their partners wrist was no small task when they couldn’t bend fingers.&nbsp;Ear plugs in their ears and part of a cotton ball in their nose affected their sense of hearing and smell. Breathing through a straw helped participants see what it would feel like if they experienced decreased lung efficiency such as COPD.The group of high school students stayed engaged throughout the activity. In evaluations I had them fill out, they indicated that it tested their patience. Several others noted they could see how hard it was to do simple functions when people age. &nbsp;The PowerPoint presentation I opened with, highlighted that beginning in the mid-40’s throughout the 70’s, the senses of hearing, vision, touch, taste and smell begin to decline. However, I pointed out that while sensory decline is normal with increasing age, not everyone will experience it and those who do will experience it in different ways. Many older people adjust quite well and are able to compensate for their sensory losses.&nbsp;A goal of this program was to help participants develop skills necessary to support someone who may be experiencing age-related sensory and functional challenges. A bonus was to help the students understand how taking steps to improve or maintain their health now will contribute to sensory and functional well-being in the future. Reminding them that their choices of food and exercise now could make a huge difference in the future is the key.For more information about adult development and aging resources please feel free to give me a call or send an e-mail!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

Krug: 'Gray for a Day'

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

The cooler wet weather has been good for our wheat, but also very conducive for a fungus in wheat called stripe rust. Late last week and early this week. I have been able to find trace to low amounts of stripe rust mainly in the lower canopy in susceptible varieties in both Ellis and Barton Counties. As I am writing this article, I strongly suspect that stripe rust will continue to increase, especially given the extended weather forecast. So scouting your wheat fields is advised.&nbsp;

Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:

Scouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.

There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control (<a href="http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf">http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf</a>), but it is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.

The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.&nbsp;

The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to give me a call, 785-628-9430.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620921794714.jpeg" alt="Stripe rust / courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stripe rust / courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe cooler wet weather has been good for our wheat, but also very conducive for a fungus in wheat called stripe rust. Late last week and early this week. I have been able to find trace to low amounts of stripe rust mainly in the lower canopy in susceptible varieties in both Ellis and Barton Counties. As I am writing this article, I strongly suspect that stripe rust will continue to increase, especially given the extended weather forecast. So scouting your wheat fields is advised.&nbsp;Stripe rust is most yield-limiting when it advances to the upper canopy, particularly the flag leaf. The risk of stripe rust causing yield loss is a function of three things:<ol>
 <li>Timing of first local disease detection in relation to crop growth stage (earlier detection = higher risk)</li><li>Weather conditions: specifically, moisture and relative humidity after first detection</li><li>Variety genetics: varieties with better resistance ratings will, in general, benefit less from a fungicide application. Variety ratings can be found in the K-State Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Rating Guide: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF991.pdf</a></li>
 </ol>Scouting is a critical first step for stripe rust control. Fungicide applications are most beneficial when the level of disease in the field is below 10% severity. University research has demonstrated that applications that protect the fully emerged flag leaf (between Feekes 8 and Feekes 10) are most effective. Applications applied prior to flag leaf emergence will not adequately protect the flag leaf or the head. Always check and follow product label recommendations to ensure full compliance with growth-stage limitations and pre-harvest intervals.There are many products that are rated very good or excellent for stripe rust control (<a href="http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf">http://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/EP130.pdf</a>), but it is important to know that fungicides in the strobilurin family (Group 11) are not as effective when applied as single product after symptoms have already appeared.The products listed in the K-State fungicide efficacy publication will generally provide at least 14-21 days of protection. This can vary between products and is also influenced by environmental conditions.&nbsp;The decision to apply a fungicide should be balanced with the yield potential of the crop, variety disease rating and current grain price. Fields with the potential to yield greater than 40 bushels per acre should be prioritized for a fungicide application.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to give me a call, 785-628-9430.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Stripe rust update

Drought in the Great Plains is a normal occurrence and inevitable.&nbsp; Drought occurs when an area receives less than 75% normal precipitation.&nbsp; Kansas is likely to have a drought 3 out of 10 years. When 2021 began, over 81% of the state was experiencing some level.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

If conditions persist, stock pond levels decline, grasses show stress, hay demand will increase, fire danger increases, and blue-green algae may affect water quality. Reduced soil moisture, high air temperatures, reduced forage production, and a change in plant composition usually occurs with drought. Other impacts from drought can include culling of livestock and reduced stocking rates, increasing weed pressure, and emotional stress to humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;

How much impact will weather have on forage production in 2021? Grass-Cast is an experimental (<a href="https://grasscast.unl.edu/?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=govdelivery">https://grasscast.unl.edu/?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=govdelivery</a>) grassland productivity forecast that predicts peak standing biomass for the season. It uses current weather, seasonal climate outlooks, and a model to predict total biomass for individual counties, compared to a 38-year average. In Kansas, Grass-Cast, predicts for counties in about the western half of the state. Grass-Cast Maps predict based on above normal, normal, or below normal precipitation.&nbsp;

&nbsp;What should a manager do or expect if dry conditions persist going into the grazing season? Hopefully, they have a drought plan. Were the pastures stocked properly or were they being overgrazed? Heavy stocking can reduce root systems, making plants more vulnerable to drought. Moderate stocking rates and good grazing distribution allows pastures to recover more quickly. Rest is important to maintain vigor of the desirable plant species.&nbsp; Grazing systems incorporating more rest are apt to recover more quickly.&nbsp;

What should a ranch drought plan involve? It should include what to do during drought and when. Once drought is eminent, implement the plan and stick to it. A drought plan should also include strategies for restoring plant health after the drought. Drought plans are a dynamic process and may need to be changed/adjusted to make them work.&nbsp;

Drought plans generally identify critical dates and target points to implement. Each critical date should have an action plan that clearly states target points for initiating the plan.&nbsp;Critical dates start with prior to the grazing season, June 15, August 15, and end of the grazing season.&nbsp;

Management plans to alleviate the impacts might include:&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Drought in the Great Plains is a normal occurrence and inevitable.&nbsp; Drought occurs when an area receives less than 75% normal precipitation.&nbsp; Kansas is likely to have a drought 3 out of 10 years. When 2021 began, over 81% of the state was experiencing some level.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If conditions persist, stock pond levels decline, grasses show stress, hay demand will increase, fire danger increases, and blue-green algae may affect water quality. Reduced soil moisture, high air temperatures, reduced forage production, and a change in plant composition usually occurs with drought. Other impacts from drought can include culling of livestock and reduced stocking rates, increasing weed pressure, and emotional stress to humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;How much impact will weather have on forage production in 2021? Grass-Cast is an experimental (<a href="https://grasscast.unl.edu/?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=govdelivery">https://grasscast.unl.edu/?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=govdelivery</a>) grassland productivity forecast that predicts peak standing biomass for the season. It uses current weather, seasonal climate outlooks, and a model to predict total biomass for individual counties, compared to a 38-year average. In Kansas, Grass-Cast, predicts for counties in about the western half of the state. Grass-Cast Maps predict based on above normal, normal, or below normal precipitation.&nbsp;&nbsp;What should a manager do or expect if dry conditions persist going into the grazing season? Hopefully, they have a drought plan. Were the pastures stocked properly or were they being overgrazed? Heavy stocking can reduce root systems, making plants more vulnerable to drought. Moderate stocking rates and good grazing distribution allows pastures to recover more quickly. Rest is important to maintain vigor of the desirable plant species.&nbsp; Grazing systems incorporating more rest are apt to recover more quickly.&nbsp;What should a ranch drought plan involve? It should include what to do during drought and when. Once drought is eminent, implement the plan and stick to it. A drought plan should also include strategies for restoring plant health after the drought. Drought plans are a dynamic process and may need to be changed/adjusted to make them work.&nbsp;Drought plans generally identify critical dates and target points to implement. Each critical date should have an action plan that clearly states target points for initiating the plan.&nbsp;Critical dates start with prior to the grazing season, June 15, August 15, and end of the grazing season.&nbsp;Management plans to alleviate the impacts might include:&nbsp;<ol>
 <li>Stock conservatively in good years.&nbsp;</li><li>Cull cowherd closely when demand exceeds forage supply.&nbsp;</li><li>Consider destocking or reducing stocking rate.&nbsp;</li><li>Shorten breeding season.&nbsp;</li><li>Wean calves early.&nbsp;</li><li>Consider use of stockers and cow-calf.&nbsp;</li><li>Manage livestock water supplies.&nbsp;</li><li>Improve grazing distribution&nbsp; Some closing thoughts. Reduce livestock numbers rather than feed harvested forages. Use good grazing management during and after drought.&nbsp; Visit online the National Drought Mitigation Center&nbsp;<a href="http://drought.unl.edu/ranchplan">http://drought.unl.edu/ranchplan</a>. This site has a comprehensive publication on Monitoring drought risks on the ranch.</li>
 </ol>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Prepping for drought in the Great Plains

There has been a lot of buzz concerning the carbon credit market. This brief article will discuss the importance of carbon and carbon markets, and what they can offer producers.&nbsp;

Carbon is the basic building block for all living things. It is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2), in living and nonliving organisms, as organic matter in soils, in fossil fuels, and in the oceans as shells, coral, and sedimentary rock. Carbon is all around us. 
 
While carbon is essential for all life, there is a balance between where the carbon is located and stored within the earth, oceans, and atmosphere. In the past 60+ years, carbon, as carbon dioxide, has accumulated in the atmosphere. 
 
To counter these effects, many US and global companies that emit carbon dioxide are willing to pay for practices that move carbon from the atmosphere into different pools, like soil. Paying for practices is known as carbon “crediting”. Carbon credits can be generated from many different sources. For the purpose of this article, we will concentrate on credit opportunities related to crop production, which incentivizes practices that boost carbon or organic matter in soils. (Soil organic matter is ~50% carbon.) 
 
Farmers using these practices to boost&nbsp;<a href="https://extension.umn.edu/soil-management-and-health/soil-organic-matter-cropping-systems">organic matter can realize many other benefits</a>. Organic matter provides nutrients, especially N, to growing crops. Organic matter improves the water infiltration of our soil. This means our soils can absorb large, intense rainfalls in a shorter time period so less water ponds or runs off the field, and there is more water retained in our soils to feed the crop during dry times. Organic matter builds a resilient soil, a soil that can better handle the extreme weather changes while securing our crop yields.

How Does the Carbon Market Operate?

If a company wants to lower their carbon footprint, they contract with a broker to find carbon credits that can be bought and sold on the open market. The broker lines up and verifies on the ground that each carbon credit is legitimate. One carbon credit is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide and is currently worth $14-18 per credit. 
 
Carbon can be built on farmland by reducing tillage aggressiveness, switching to no-till, or adding a cover crop. Almost all markets are looking for farmland implementing a new practice, as these acres are easier to verify, so you may not qualify if you have implemented these practices long ago. However, some companies will consider practices recently adopted (~2 years). This means most C markets are a better fit for farmers looking to experiment with something new, rather than those who have a long history of carbon-building conservation practices. 
 
The amount of carbon a farmer can realistically draw down is based on their climate, crop grown, and other factors.

Whether or not carbon credits will help your bottom line will vary farm by farm and maybe field by field. Carbon credit payments are unlikely to entirely cover the cost of a new practice. They may simply reduce the risk of trying something new. However, there is no debate that building carbon in your soil has a long list of benefits for you and the next generation of farmers.

For the sake of making this article brief in hopes of it being read, ha ha. To find out “what questions should I ask?”. Please go to the Cottonwood Extension web site at <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a> to see that information.&nbsp;

Information provided by Jodi DeJong-Hughes and Anna Cates, University of Minnesota Extension.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/5/1620399361474.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThere has been a lot of buzz concerning the carbon credit market. This brief article will discuss the importance of carbon and carbon markets, and what they can offer producers.&nbsp;What is Carbon?Carbon is the basic building block for all living things. It is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2), in living and nonliving organisms, as organic matter in soils, in fossil fuels, and in the oceans as shells, coral, and sedimentary rock. Carbon is all around us. 
 
While carbon is essential for all life, there is a balance between where the carbon is located and stored within the earth, oceans, and atmosphere. In the past 60+ years, carbon, as carbon dioxide, has accumulated in the atmosphere. 
 
To counter these effects, many US and global companies that emit carbon dioxide are willing to pay for practices that move carbon from the atmosphere into different pools, like soil. Paying for practices is known as carbon “crediting”. Carbon credits can be generated from many different sources. For the purpose of this article, we will concentrate on credit opportunities related to crop production, which incentivizes practices that boost carbon or organic matter in soils. (Soil organic matter is ~50% carbon.) 
 
Farmers using these practices to boost&nbsp;<a href="https://extension.umn.edu/soil-management-and-health/soil-organic-matter-cropping-systems">organic matter can realize many other benefits</a>. Organic matter provides nutrients, especially N, to growing crops. Organic matter improves the water infiltration of our soil. This means our soils can absorb large, intense rainfalls in a shorter time period so less water ponds or runs off the field, and there is more water retained in our soils to feed the crop during dry times. Organic matter builds a resilient soil, a soil that can better handle the extreme weather changes while securing our crop yields.How Does the Carbon Market Operate?If a company wants to lower their carbon footprint, they contract with a broker to find carbon credits that can be bought and sold on the open market. The broker lines up and verifies on the ground that each carbon credit is legitimate. One carbon credit is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide and is currently worth $14-18 per credit. 
 
Carbon can be built on farmland by reducing tillage aggressiveness, switching to no-till, or adding a cover crop. Almost all markets are looking for farmland implementing a new practice, as these acres are easier to verify, so you may not qualify if you have implemented these practices long ago. However, some companies will consider practices recently adopted (~2 years). This means most C markets are a better fit for farmers looking to experiment with something new, rather than those who have a long history of carbon-building conservation practices. 
 
The amount of carbon a farmer can realistically draw down is based on their climate, crop grown, and other factors.Whether or not carbon credits will help your bottom line will vary farm by farm and maybe field by field. Carbon credit payments are unlikely to entirely cover the cost of a new practice. They may simply reduce the risk of trying something new. However, there is no debate that building carbon in your soil has a long list of benefits for you and the next generation of farmers.For the sake of making this article brief in hopes of it being read, ha ha. To find out “what questions should I ask?”. Please go to the Cottonwood Extension web site at <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a> to see that information.&nbsp;Information provided by Jodi DeJong-Hughes and Anna Cates, University of Minnesota Extension.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430

CAMPBELL: How to approach carbon market opportunities

We are entering storm season and various areas of the state will likely have high winds, excessive rainfall and hail. This column deals with what can be done to help our gardens recover.

Heavy rain: The force of rainfall pounding on the soil can result in a thick crust that prevents seed emergence and partially blocks oxygen from reaching roots. A light scraping after the soil surface has dried is all that is needed to correct these problems. Be careful of deep tilling as it may damage young, tender roots.

Standing water: Standing water cuts off oxygen to the roots, which can result in plant damage if it doesn’t drain quickly enough. Most plants can withstand 24 hours of standing water without harm. Hot, sunny weather can make a bad situation worse by the water becoming hot enough to “cook” the plants. There isn’t much that can be done about this unless a channel can be cut to allow the water to drain.

Hail damage: Plants should recover quickly as long as the leaves only were damaged by the hail as leaves regenerate quickly. The situation becomes much more serious if the stems and fruit were damaged. The plant can recover from a few bruises but if it looks like the plants were mowed down by a weed whip, replanting is in order.&nbsp;

Leaning plants: Either wind or water can cause plants to lean. They should start to straighten after a few days. Don’t try to bend them back as they often break easily. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>We are entering storm season and various areas of the state will likely have high winds, excessive rainfall and hail. This column deals with what can be done to help our gardens recover.Heavy rain: The force of rainfall pounding on the soil can result in a thick crust that prevents seed emergence and partially blocks oxygen from reaching roots. A light scraping after the soil surface has dried is all that is needed to correct these problems. Be careful of deep tilling as it may damage young, tender roots.Standing water: Standing water cuts off oxygen to the roots, which can result in plant damage if it doesn’t drain quickly enough. Most plants can withstand 24 hours of standing water without harm. Hot, sunny weather can make a bad situation worse by the water becoming hot enough to “cook” the plants. There isn’t much that can be done about this unless a channel can be cut to allow the water to drain.Hail damage: Plants should recover quickly as long as the leaves only were damaged by the hail as leaves regenerate quickly. The situation becomes much more serious if the stems and fruit were damaged. The plant can recover from a few bruises but if it looks like the plants were mowed down by a weed whip, replanting is in order.&nbsp;Leaning plants: Either wind or water can cause plants to lean. They should start to straighten after a few days. Don’t try to bend them back as they often break easily. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

FICK: Storm damage and the garden

	What is mental health? The National Institute of Mental Health says “mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, act, make choices, and relate to others.” The last fourteen months has been hard on our mental health.&nbsp;

	Elaine Johannes is the Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor of Community Health at Kansas State University and has worked with our Family Development team of Extension Agents to study and learn more about the pandemic’s impact on children and families. Johannes states, “This pandemic has been filled with change, loss, some grief and some positive things. So, the meaning of what has happened really needs to be our focus now. The meaning helps us understand how, mentally, we move toward the recovery phase.”&nbsp;

	Interviews with Elaine Johannes can be found on K-State’s weekly radio program&nbsp;

Sound Living, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.html</a>&nbsp;

You can also visit the National Institute of Mental Health for some great resources: <a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth">www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth</a> The most important thing on the list to improve your mental health is self-care. Everyone has a different level of care needed so take the time to figure out what you most need. Many of the suggestions were on my list for my staying positive program.&nbsp;

If you or someone you know are experiencing severe symptoms for more than two weeks, talk to a professional.&nbsp; Search for the fact sheet on the National Institute of Mental Health website “Tips for Talking with your Health Care Provider”.&nbsp;	

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>	What is mental health? The National Institute of Mental Health says “mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, act, make choices, and relate to others.” The last fourteen months has been hard on our mental health.&nbsp;	Elaine Johannes is the Kansas Health Foundation Distinguished Professor of Community Health at Kansas State University and has worked with our Family Development team of Extension Agents to study and learn more about the pandemic’s impact on children and families. Johannes states, “This pandemic has been filled with change, loss, some grief and some positive things. So, the meaning of what has happened really needs to be our focus now. The meaning helps us understand how, mentally, we move toward the recovery phase.”&nbsp;	Interviews with Elaine Johannes can be found on K-State’s weekly radio program&nbsp;Sound Living, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/radio-network/sound-living.html</a>&nbsp;	You can also visit the National Institute of Mental Health for some great resources: <a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth">www.nimh.nih.gov/mymentalhealth</a> The most important thing on the list to improve your mental health is self-care. Everyone has a different level of care needed so take the time to figure out what you most need. Many of the suggestions were on my list for my staying positive program.&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Get regular exercise. A 20 or 30-minute walk will help clear your mind.</li><li>Eat regular, healthy meals and stay hydrated.</li><li>Make sure you are getting enough sleep.</li><li>Practice gratitude and stay positive.</li><li>Stay connected with friends and family.&nbsp;</li><li>Set goals and priorities. Decide what must be done and what can wait.</li><li>Schedule a regular time for a relaxing activity. Yoga or breathing exercises are good choices.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>If you or someone you know are experiencing severe symptoms for more than two weeks, talk to a professional.&nbsp; Search for the fact sheet on the National Institute of Mental Health website “Tips for Talking with your Health Care Provider”.&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: May is Mental Health Awareness Month

Anyone who’s ever received a vaccination will verify that needle size matters. And that is true with&nbsp;cattle&nbsp;as well.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kansas State University veterinarians Bob Larson and Brad White took up this topic on a recent Beef&nbsp;Cattle&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/04/23/brazil-production-system-mineral-selection-plans-calving-timing-needle-size/" target="_blank">Cattle&nbsp;Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Many animal health products given to&nbsp;cattle&nbsp;to prevent or treat diseases are injected with a syringe and needle,” Larson said. “Selecting the correct size of needle to deliver injections under the skin or into the muscle is important to ensure that the products perform as intended and meet Beef Quality Assurance guidelines.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

When it comes to needle selection for cows, he recommends using a 16- or 18-gauge needle. The gauge refers to the diameter of the needle. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“An 18-gauge needle is actually smaller than a 16 and in calves we may go even smaller and use a 20-gauge needle,” Larson said. &nbsp;&nbsp;

White added that the chosen needle size relates to the thickness of the animal’s skin. He said, “Needle size also depends on the viscosity of the product that I’m giving.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Another factor is the needle length. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Larson said the recommended length of the needle is guided by the type of injection given, which is either under the skin or into the muscle. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“With an under the skin injection the needle length should be 5/8- or 3/4-inch needle, and with an intramuscular injection the length is closer to 1 1/2-inch needle,” Larson said. He added that with calves the recommended length would be closer an inch.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Lastly the veterinarians discussed the recommended frequency for changing needles.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Anyone who’s ever received a vaccination will verify that needle size matters. And that is true with&nbsp;cattle&nbsp;as well.&nbsp;&nbsp;Kansas State University veterinarians Bob Larson and Brad White took up this topic on a recent Beef&nbsp;Cattle&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/04/23/brazil-production-system-mineral-selection-plans-calving-timing-needle-size/" target="_blank">Cattle&nbsp;Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Many animal health products given to&nbsp;cattle&nbsp;to prevent or treat diseases are injected with a syringe and needle,” Larson said. “Selecting the correct size of needle to deliver injections under the skin or into the muscle is important to ensure that the products perform as intended and meet Beef Quality Assurance guidelines.”&nbsp;&nbsp;When it comes to needle selection for cows, he recommends using a 16- or 18-gauge needle. The gauge refers to the diameter of the needle. &nbsp;&nbsp;“An 18-gauge needle is actually smaller than a 16 and in calves we may go even smaller and use a 20-gauge needle,” Larson said. &nbsp;&nbsp;White added that the chosen needle size relates to the thickness of the animal’s skin. He said, “Needle size also depends on the viscosity of the product that I’m giving.”&nbsp;&nbsp;Another factor is the needle length. &nbsp;&nbsp;Larson said the recommended length of the needle is guided by the type of injection given, which is either under the skin or into the muscle. &nbsp;&nbsp;“With an under the skin injection the needle length should be 5/8- or 3/4-inch needle, and with an intramuscular injection the length is closer to 1 1/2-inch needle,” Larson said. He added that with calves the recommended length would be closer an inch.&nbsp;&nbsp;Lastly the veterinarians discussed the recommended frequency for changing needles.&nbsp;&nbsp;“One needle per cow is ideal but depending on the situation you could give up to 10 injections with one needle,” Larson said. He added that it is important to make sure the needle is sharp and clean to keep from causing trauma or contamination. &nbsp;&nbsp;For more information on this topic Larson and White advised producers to review the information on the beef quality assurance website at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bqa.org/" target="_blank">bqa.org</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;