Benjamin Franklin is credited with saying, “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Local cities, school districts and the county have recently completed their 2024 budgets, and soon, property owners will receive their annual property tax statements.

Of course, none of us like to pay taxes, and there are few issues that generate more indigestion, but at the risk of creating heartburn, I thought I would provide some data that I believe is relevant.

I often hear the comment that “taxes are too high in Hays.” When I hear this, my initial thought is compared to what? Compared to other Kansas communities our size? Compared to what they were a few years ago? It isn’t reasonable to say something is too high without some basis for comparison.

The chart below reflects comparable communities across Kansas, the median listing price of homes for sale (per Realtor.com), their mill levies, and corresponding property taxes experienced in those communities.

We compare very well with these communities in terms of property tax costs.

Taxpayers in the city of Hays have long enjoyed one of the lowest mill levies in the state. There are several reasons for this.

●	In 2004, the residents of the city of Hays voted to fund the city general fund via sales tax versus property taxes. This has resulted in a reduction in the city levy to about 25 mills since that time. ●	Ellis County is consistently the top oil-producing county in the state of Kansas. In 2022, oil properties comprised 8.52 percent of the county's taxable valuation. The property taxes paid on these oil properties result in lower overall property taxes for other property owners. ●	For 40 years, the residents of USD 489 chose not to invest in school facilities. By doing so, the levy for USD 489 remained low. However, the bill came due, and in May of 2022, a $143.5 million bond was passed, resulting in an 11 mill levy increase.

Another consideration is where our property tax dollars go. Below is a chart reflecting the break out of the levies by the various entities and the percentage of the property tax bill they represent.

Undoubtedly, increased costs of all types create a hardship for low and fixed-income residents, and this is an ongoing challenge. However, in my experience, Hays city commissioners, Ellis County commissioners, USD 489 board members, and their staffs do a very good job making financially prudent decisions and managing costs. They are mindful of spending and invest public funds wisely.

Property taxes fund much in our community, including schools, streets,&nbsp;county roads and bridges, fire departments, city and county law enforcement,&nbsp;parks and recreation, libraries, and many other quality-of-life amenities. We&nbsp;have a wonderful community and much to be thankful for, but Benjamin&nbsp;Franklin was right. “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.”

— Doug Williams, executive director of Grow Hays

Benjamin Franklin is credited with saying, “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Local cities, school districts and the county have recently completed their 2024 budgets, and soon, property owners will receive their annual property tax statements.Of course, none of us like to pay taxes, and there are few issues that generate more indigestion, but at the risk of creating heartburn, I thought I would provide some data that I believe is relevant.I often hear the comment that “taxes are too high in Hays.” When I hear this, my initial thought is compared to what? Compared to other Kansas communities our size? Compared to what they were a few years ago? It isn’t reasonable to say something is too high without some basis for comparison.The chart below reflects comparable communities across Kansas, the median listing price of homes for sale (per Realtor.com), their mill levies, and corresponding property taxes experienced in those communities.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1699022903433.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>We compare very well with these communities in terms of property tax costs.Taxpayers in the city of Hays have long enjoyed one of the lowest mill levies in the state. There are several reasons for this.●	In 2004, the residents of the city of Hays voted to fund the city general fund via sales tax versus property taxes. This has resulted in a reduction in the city levy to about 25 mills since that time. ●	Ellis County is consistently the top oil-producing county in the state of Kansas. In 2022, oil properties comprised 8.52 percent of the county's taxable valuation. The property taxes paid on these oil properties result in lower overall property taxes for other property owners. ●	For 40 years, the residents of USD 489 chose not to invest in school facilities. By doing so, the levy for USD 489 remained low. However, the bill came due, and in May of 2022, a $143.5 million bond was passed, resulting in an 11 mill levy increase.Another consideration is where our property tax dollars go. Below is a chart reflecting the break out of the levies by the various entities and the percentage of the property tax bill they represent.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1699023022713.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Undoubtedly, increased costs of all types create a hardship for low and fixed-income residents, and this is an ongoing challenge. However, in my experience, Hays city commissioners, Ellis County commissioners, USD 489 board members, and their staffs do a very good job making financially prudent decisions and managing costs. They are mindful of spending and invest public funds wisely.Property taxes fund much in our community, including schools, streets,&nbsp;county roads and bridges, fire departments, city and county law enforcement,&nbsp;parks and recreation, libraries, and many other quality-of-life amenities. We&nbsp;have a wonderful community and much to be thankful for, but Benjamin&nbsp;Franklin was right. “Nothing is certain but death and taxes.”— Doug Williams, executive director of Grow Hays

Letter: Death and taxes

This column continues exploring the 1913 – 1914 Second Annual Catalogue of Ellis Public Schools. This portion deals with the curricula for the College Preparatory Course. Keep in mind the limited faculty available to prepare Ellis youth for their futures.

According to the catalogue, the district (or perhaps the state) required 15 units for graduation. Those desiring to attend college needed to take and pass “at least two units of a foreign language and three units in one subject besides English, to be taken from the following: Foreign Language, Mathematics, History, Natural Science.”

The catalogue adds an explanation stating, “In the branches that do not require preparation by the student outside of the recitation a unit of credit is given for a course of daily exercises extending through the year with double eighty-minute periods, and a half unit of credit is given for a course extending through the year with forty-minute periods.”

In additional paragraphs, the catalogue records that, “The Normal Training Course meets the requirements of the State Board of Education.

"If agriculture and domestic science are taken in the third year, this course will also satisfy the requirements of the State Board with reference to appropriations for these subjects.

"If two units of foreign language are included in the electives, this course will be satisfactory for admission to most colleges.”

And finally, “Satisfactory rhetoricals are required of all students.”

Clearly, earning a diploma and the right to apply to colleges required diligence on the part of students and faculty. 

I don’t pretend that I understand all of these requirements, but I do recognize that the students and their families sacrificed more than tuition money to achieve educational success. I wish I had more information regarding teacher preparation that detailed how educators instructed students to meet these standards.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697658052786.jpeg" alt="Ellis School ca 1911. Courtesy Paul Kraus&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Ellis School ca 1911. Courtesy Paul Kraus&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>This column continues exploring the 1913 – 1914 Second Annual Catalogue of Ellis Public Schools. This portion deals with the curricula for the College Preparatory Course. Keep in mind the limited faculty available to prepare Ellis youth for their futures.According to the catalogue, the district (or perhaps the state) required 15 units for graduation. Those desiring to attend college needed to take and pass “at least two units of a foreign language and three units in one subject besides English, to be taken from the following: Foreign Language, Mathematics, History, Natural Science.”The catalogue adds an explanation stating, “In the branches that do not require preparation by the student outside of the recitation a unit of credit is given for a course of daily exercises extending through the year with double eighty-minute periods, and a half unit of credit is given for a course extending through the year with forty-minute periods.”In additional paragraphs, the catalogue records that, “The Normal Training Course meets the requirements of the State Board of Education."If agriculture and domestic science are taken in the third year, this course will also satisfy the requirements of the State Board with reference to appropriations for these subjects."If two units of foreign language are included in the electives, this course will be satisfactory for admission to most colleges.”And finally, “Satisfactory rhetoricals are required of all students.”Clearly, earning a diploma and the right to apply to colleges required diligence on the part of students and faculty. I don’t pretend that I understand all of these requirements, but I do recognize that the students and their families sacrificed more than tuition money to achieve educational success. I wish I had more information regarding teacher preparation that detailed how educators instructed students to meet these standards.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697658006051.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>

MADORIN: History of Ellis schools, part 10

The Hays Post will accept letters to the editor on the upcoming 2024 General Election until 5 p.m. today. Please send letters to hayspost@eaglemedia.com.

Letters&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;editor&nbsp;must be signed.&nbsp;

They must pertain&nbsp;to&nbsp;a local&nbsp;topic and be written by someone from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hays Eagle Media coverage area.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The&nbsp;Hays Post reserves&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;to&nbsp;reject&nbsp;letters.&nbsp;

Hays PostThe Hays Post will accept letters to the editor on the upcoming 2024 General Election until 5 p.m. today. Please send letters to hayspost@eaglemedia.com.<h2>Hays Post Letter to the Editor policy</h2>Letters&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;editor&nbsp;must be signed.&nbsp;They must be typed.&nbsp;They must pertain&nbsp;to&nbsp;a local&nbsp;topic and be written by someone from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hays Eagle Media coverage area.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;Hays Post reserves&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;to&nbsp;reject&nbsp;letters.&nbsp;

Election Letter to the Editor deadline today

Most of us know that physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle. But did you know that exercise in the fall and winter is particularly important? Studies show that exercise can ward off seasonal depression, keep illness at bay, and keep holiday calories in check.

As the days get shorter and the chance to soak up vitamin D from the sun dwindles, seasonal depression is a major issue for Americans. It’s harder to find time to get outside, schedules get busier, and stress increases. Motivation to exercise may be a challenge due to these reasons, but exercise can make a complete difference in how you feel! Regular workouts release endorphins that boost mood, increase energy levels, and reduce stress which can combat the seasonal depression of winter.

Regular moderate-intensity exercise also plays an important role in immune health. This can decrease your chances of getting sick during the cold and flu season. However, it is important to note that regular activity is key because exercise improves overall health which boosts immune function. This is because it increases the circulation of immune cells, acts as a natural sleep aid, and reduces inflammation. So, continue hitting the gym a few times a week and you might see your overall health and immune health improve!

Finally, we all know that holiday treats are the culprit of excess weight gain most of us struggle with every year. Although it is important to enjoy family gatherings and indulge occasionally, it is just as important to get back on track. When working out is a habit, this is a lot easier. In fact, regular exercise helps to manage the hunger hormones that often lead to overeating. Regular exercisers also feel more encouraged to eat mindfully and drink more water which can help control weight fluctuation.

The change in seasons may have shifted your routine. This can make it hard to find time to exercise, so here are a few tips to stay active as the weather cools down:

· Make time for an outdoor workout during the day's warmer parts. You might find it more appealing to go for a walk over your lunch hour as opposed to chilly mornings. Prepping your lunch ahead of time can help you squeeze in a quick brain break.

· Join a fitness class or sports league. Having accountability from others may be the motivation you need. Plus, socialization always makes exercise more fun! There are multiple options for group fitness options. Most local recreation commissions offer basketball, volleyball, and other various sports.&nbsp;Classes offered by K-State Research and Extension will also gear up in January. These include Walk with Ease in Hoisington and Stay Strong, Stay Healthy in Hays. Contact your local extension office to learn more!

· Keep moving throughout your day. Maybe you don’t have the time to make it to the gym, but setting daily activity goals can still improve your health. A daily step goal is a common one that many people reap benefits from. Getting more movement in can include parking at the back of the lot, taking the stairs, deep cleaning the house, or using a standing desk.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Most of us know that physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle. But did you know that exercise in the fall and winter is particularly important? Studies show that exercise can ward off seasonal depression, keep illness at bay, and keep holiday calories in check.As the days get shorter and the chance to soak up vitamin D from the sun dwindles, seasonal depression is a major issue for Americans. It’s harder to find time to get outside, schedules get busier, and stress increases. Motivation to exercise may be a challenge due to these reasons, but exercise can make a complete difference in how you feel! Regular workouts release endorphins that boost mood, increase energy levels, and reduce stress which can combat the seasonal depression of winter.Regular moderate-intensity exercise also plays an important role in immune health. This can decrease your chances of getting sick during the cold and flu season. However, it is important to note that regular activity is key because exercise improves overall health which boosts immune function. This is because it increases the circulation of immune cells, acts as a natural sleep aid, and reduces inflammation. So, continue hitting the gym a few times a week and you might see your overall health and immune health improve!Finally, we all know that holiday treats are the culprit of excess weight gain most of us struggle with every year. Although it is important to enjoy family gatherings and indulge occasionally, it is just as important to get back on track. When working out is a habit, this is a lot easier. In fact, regular exercise helps to manage the hunger hormones that often lead to overeating. Regular exercisers also feel more encouraged to eat mindfully and drink more water which can help control weight fluctuation.The change in seasons may have shifted your routine. This can make it hard to find time to exercise, so here are a few tips to stay active as the weather cools down:· Make time for an outdoor workout during the day's warmer parts. You might find it more appealing to go for a walk over your lunch hour as opposed to chilly mornings. Prepping your lunch ahead of time can help you squeeze in a quick brain break.· Join a fitness class or sports league. Having accountability from others may be the motivation you need. Plus, socialization always makes exercise more fun! There are multiple options for group fitness options. Most local recreation commissions offer basketball, volleyball, and other various sports.&nbsp;Classes offered by K-State Research and Extension will also gear up in January. These include Walk with Ease in Hoisington and Stay Strong, Stay Healthy in Hays. Contact your local extension office to learn more!· Keep moving throughout your day. Maybe you don’t have the time to make it to the gym, but setting daily activity goals can still improve your health. A daily step goal is a common one that many people reap benefits from. Getting more movement in can include parking at the back of the lot, taking the stairs, deep cleaning the house, or using a standing desk.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Activity in the autumn: It's essential!

Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.

The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.

This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.

A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?

Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.

If you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.

Hearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.

Quantifying hearing loss’s impact

According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.

Johns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.

Hearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.

Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.Hearing loss and the brainIf you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.Brain strain and social isolationHearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.Quantifying hearing loss’s impactAccording to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.Reducing the risk of dementiaJohns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.Other effects on healthHearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Hearing loss linked to health problems, including dementia

I don’t have many pet peeves, but the few I do have occasionally jump the fence and run wild for a spell. One of those pet peeves involves a small group of outdoorsmen we kids used to call “slob hunters.” You know, the ones that go afield each hunting season only for the bragging rights to having killed something. They shoot from their pickup; they shoot from the road; they hunt after hours without licenses (known as poaching); they shoot at any kind of sound and movement; they blaze away at targets much too far away to identify. They’ll empty a deer rifle at anything running through the brush in the same township. They’ll empty an automatic 12 gauge at anything with wings. The safest place to be is often right in front of them as they swing wildly to fire at some blur streaking across the field, be it Whitetail, Appaloosa or Angus. Years ago, I bird hunted ONE time with a coworker who would fire two shots, then aim.

Some years back Joyce and I had garnered permission to trap and hunt turkeys on a dynamite out-of-the-way piece of ground northwest of here along the Little Arkansas River. Each time we were there we either saw deer or were astounded at the amount of fresh deer sign. The land owner had tentatively given us permission to deer hunt also, so the weekend before deer season opened that year, we drove there one evening at dusk intending to do some last-minute scouting. The owner was there fixing fence, and said he had understood we would be bow hunting. When he heard we would instead be rifle hunting, his reply was “Absolutely not; I don’t want any big rifles on this property, and I’ll tell you why!” He proceeded to tell us a disturbing story about how, some years back, he and his wife were cutting tree limbs and branches along the alfalfa field in front of us when a shot rang out and the bullet zipped through the trees mere inches from them both. “We had run the chain saw for two hours, so anyone should have known we were there” he added. This was the work of a slob hunter who had obviously shot at sound and movement along the river, or missed their intended target very badly (I can’t remember the last time I saw a deer use a chainsaw!) The hunter safety course devotes an entire chapter to firearms handling and safety, which includes subjects like positive target identification and knowing exactly what lies beyond your target.

That same year I had asked permission to trap a stretch of the river bordering the same afore mentioned property but owned by someone else who also lives nearby. Shortly after harvesting my fall turkey just across the river, I pulled into the other landowners drive to introduce myself and was greeted with an icy stare. He had heard my shot and was very uneasy at my presence there. As our conversation progressed, and as I convinced him of my trustworthiness, he became very cordial and friendly, and related to me the reason for his uneasiness; in the past few years, two of his horses have been inexplicably shot! It’s terribly far-fetched to think that both could have been from stray bullets, and I’m here to tell you that if a horse in any way resembles a whitetail deer through your rifle scope, you need eye surgery and a biology lesson!

Another major “pet peeve” of mine is trespassing and hunting without permission, and with the myriad of fall hunting seasons upon us, allow me to offer some pertinent information.&nbsp;

In Kansas, law requires hunters to gain land owner permission even on unmarked property, so no signs of any sort are required for that landowner to regulate hunting on their land. Let me also note the difference between “hunting with permission only” and “hunting with WRITTEN permission only.”

 “Hunting with permission only” allows for any form of permission, written, verbal or over the phone, and requires the land owner’s signature on any ticket or formal complaint issued by the conservation officer. “Hunting with WRITTEN permission only” is satisfied only by permission in writing, and gives law enforcement personnel free reign to issue citations, and/or make arrests with no further authorization. By the way, land owners, the fish and game dept. furnishes both the signs and permission slips at no cost for this type of posting. 

I’m sure we hunters have all seen the bright purple paint on fence posts and old tires along property lines. These purple markers along property boundaries also mean “hunting with WRITTEN permission only,” and corresponding compliance is required.

Fellow sportsmen, we don’t need to give hunting and trapping any more black eyes, so please be absolutely certain of your target when hunting and always err on the side of safety if you’re not sure. Get the required permission to be on someone else’s property and make sure that landowner understands exactly how you will be using their land. 

Be safe and take someone hunting or trapping this year as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors!

Steve Gilliland, Inman, can be contacted by email at&nbsp;stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574696211722.png" alt="Steve Gilliland (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Steve Gilliland (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>I don’t have many pet peeves, but the few I do have occasionally jump the fence and run wild for a spell. One of those pet peeves involves a small group of outdoorsmen we kids used to call “slob hunters.” You know, the ones that go afield each hunting season only for the bragging rights to having killed something. They shoot from their pickup; they shoot from the road; they hunt after hours without licenses (known as poaching); they shoot at any kind of sound and movement; they blaze away at targets much too far away to identify. They’ll empty a deer rifle at anything running through the brush in the same township. They’ll empty an automatic 12 gauge at anything with wings. The safest place to be is often right in front of them as they swing wildly to fire at some blur streaking across the field, be it Whitetail, Appaloosa or Angus. Years ago, I bird hunted ONE time with a coworker who would fire two shots, then aim.Some years back Joyce and I had garnered permission to trap and hunt turkeys on a dynamite out-of-the-way piece of ground northwest of here along the Little Arkansas River. Each time we were there we either saw deer or were astounded at the amount of fresh deer sign. The land owner had tentatively given us permission to deer hunt also, so the weekend before deer season opened that year, we drove there one evening at dusk intending to do some last-minute scouting. The owner was there fixing fence, and said he had understood we would be bow hunting. When he heard we would instead be rifle hunting, his reply was “Absolutely not; I don’t want any big rifles on this property, and I’ll tell you why!” He proceeded to tell us a disturbing story about how, some years back, he and his wife were cutting tree limbs and branches along the alfalfa field in front of us when a shot rang out and the bullet zipped through the trees mere inches from them both. “We had run the chain saw for two hours, so anyone should have known we were there” he added. This was the work of a slob hunter who had obviously shot at sound and movement along the river, or missed their intended target very badly (I can’t remember the last time I saw a deer use a chainsaw!) The hunter safety course devotes an entire chapter to firearms handling and safety, which includes subjects like positive target identification and knowing exactly what lies beyond your target.That same year I had asked permission to trap a stretch of the river bordering the same afore mentioned property but owned by someone else who also lives nearby. Shortly after harvesting my fall turkey just across the river, I pulled into the other landowners drive to introduce myself and was greeted with an icy stare. He had heard my shot and was very uneasy at my presence there. As our conversation progressed, and as I convinced him of my trustworthiness, he became very cordial and friendly, and related to me the reason for his uneasiness; in the past few years, two of his horses have been inexplicably shot! It’s terribly far-fetched to think that both could have been from stray bullets, and I’m here to tell you that if a horse in any way resembles a whitetail deer through your rifle scope, you need eye surgery and a biology lesson!Another major “pet peeve” of mine is trespassing and hunting without permission, and with the myriad of fall hunting seasons upon us, allow me to offer some pertinent information.&nbsp;In Kansas, law requires hunters to gain land owner permission even on unmarked property, so no signs of any sort are required for that landowner to regulate hunting on their land. Let me also note the difference between “hunting with permission only” and “hunting with WRITTEN permission only.” “Hunting with permission only” allows for any form of permission, written, verbal or over the phone, and requires the land owner’s signature on any ticket or formal complaint issued by the conservation officer. “Hunting with WRITTEN permission only” is satisfied only by permission in writing, and gives law enforcement personnel free reign to issue citations, and/or make arrests with no further authorization. By the way, land owners, the fish and game dept. furnishes both the signs and permission slips at no cost for this type of posting. I’m sure we hunters have all seen the bright purple paint on fence posts and old tires along property lines. These purple markers along property boundaries also mean “hunting with WRITTEN permission only,” and corresponding compliance is required.Fellow sportsmen, we don’t need to give hunting and trapping any more black eyes, so please be absolutely certain of your target when hunting and always err on the side of safety if you’re not sure. Get the required permission to be on someone else’s property and make sure that landowner understands exactly how you will be using their land. Be safe and take someone hunting or trapping this year as you continue to Explore Kansas Outdoors!Steve Gilliland, Inman, can be contacted by email at&nbsp;stevenrgilliland@gmail.com.

Exploring Outdoor Kansas: Pet peeves running amuck!

The Kansas economy is doing well, by many measures.&nbsp; So, why do so many Kansans think otherwise?&nbsp; To paraphrase James Carville—it’s housing costs, stupid.

Just released from the Docking Institute of Public Affairs at Fort Hays State University, the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll details the story. &nbsp; Fifty percent of Kansans rate the state’s economy as good, very good or excellent, while 48.2% rate it as fair, poor or very poor.&nbsp; This means that Kansans are nearly&nbsp; divided on the state’s economy.&nbsp; This rating is down from previous years.&nbsp;&nbsp;

This trend continues when respondents are asked about the direction of the economy, with 40.5% saying it is getting worse, 33.7% saying it stayed the same, and only 18.7% saying it is getting better.&nbsp; These numbers are slightly more optimistic than those in 2022, but both 2022 and 2023 are down dramatically from 2021, when the largest group thought it had stayed the same, and the getting better and getting worse responses were nearly tied.

Another question asked, “How concerned are you that the Kansas economy will seriously threaten you or your family’s welfare in the coming year?”&nbsp; In this case, the combined percentages of very concerned and moderately concerned rose from previous years and now stands at 45.5%.

Americans often hold the President responsible for the state of the economy.&nbsp; Right now, President Biden’s approval ratings in Kansas are abysmal, with only 21.9% being very or somewhat satisfied, 16.6% being dissatisfied, and 50.4% being very dissatisfied.&nbsp; This appears to reflect attitudes on the economy, not the culture war.&nbsp; For example,&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;results indicate that most Kansans agree with Biden on abortion rights, with 63.5% of respondents who either strongly agree or agree that “women are in a better position than politicians to make their own choices about whether or not to get an abortion.”&nbsp; These numbers mirror the results of Kansas’ 2022 referendum on abortion rights.

In many ways, the economic attitudes are a puzzle.&nbsp; Kansas has an extremely low&nbsp;<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=kansas+unemployment+rate&amp;rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS959US959&amp;oq=kansas+unemployment+rat&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgBEAAYgAQyBggCEEUYOTIHCAMQABiABDIMCAQQABgUGIcCGIAEMggIBRAAGBYYHjIKCAYQABgPGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHqgCALACAA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8" target="_blank">unemployment rate</a>&nbsp;today, only 2.8%.&nbsp; The state is sitting on a&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/briefs/kansas-revenue-forecast-expects-surplus-to-grow-to-1-9b-pending-tax-cuts/#:~:text=That%20would%20leave%20the%20state,in%20the%20rainy%20day%20fund." target="_blank">budget surplus</a>&nbsp;of over $3 billion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/" target="_blank">Inflation</a>&nbsp;has dropped from its high of 7% in 2021 to 3.7% for this year. &nbsp; All in all, the economy is doing well.&nbsp; So why do so many Kansans think it is not?

Kansas Speaks&nbsp;answers this question, too.&nbsp; A whopping 71.6% of respondents either strongly agree or agree that “I am concerned about the cost of housing in my community.”&nbsp; Meanwhile, only 34.9% strongly agree or agree that “I believe there is sufficient available housing in my community.”&nbsp; Indeed, Kansas home prices are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wichita.edu/about/wsunews-releases/2023/09-sept/realestate_3.php#:~:text=Home%20prices%20%E2%80%93%20Tight%20inventories%20are,another%203.5%25%20increase%20in%202024." target="_blank">expected to increase</a>&nbsp;by 5.5% this year, followed by another 3.5% increase in 2024.&nbsp; Housing costs are rising even faster in the Kansas City and Lawrence areas. &nbsp; In the worst cases, people can end up unhoused.&nbsp; This year, only 21% of Kansans agree that “homelessness is handled well in my community.”

No matter the promising unemployment, budget surplus, and inflation statistics, the limited supply and rising costs of housing are causing Kansans major worries about the state of the economy.&nbsp; Policymakers, take note.

<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cop3YF-F54bDYFHCY__tMjRjBe9QgW45/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=103917523163556143889&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" target="_blank">Housing Costs Have Kansans Worried.docx</a>

Michael A. Smith is a professor of political science and chair of social sciences at Emporia State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698326876404.png" alt="Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas economy is doing well, by many measures.&nbsp; So, why do so many Kansans think otherwise?&nbsp; To paraphrase James Carville—it’s housing costs, stupid.Just released from the Docking Institute of Public Affairs at Fort Hays State University, the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll details the story. &nbsp; Fifty percent of Kansans rate the state’s economy as good, very good or excellent, while 48.2% rate it as fair, poor or very poor.&nbsp; This means that Kansans are nearly&nbsp; divided on the state’s economy.&nbsp; This rating is down from previous years.&nbsp;&nbsp;This trend continues when respondents are asked about the direction of the economy, with 40.5% saying it is getting worse, 33.7% saying it stayed the same, and only 18.7% saying it is getting better.&nbsp; These numbers are slightly more optimistic than those in 2022, but both 2022 and 2023 are down dramatically from 2021, when the largest group thought it had stayed the same, and the getting better and getting worse responses were nearly tied.Another question asked, “How concerned are you that the Kansas economy will seriously threaten you or your family’s welfare in the coming year?”&nbsp; In this case, the combined percentages of very concerned and moderately concerned rose from previous years and now stands at 45.5%.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582312931775.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Americans often hold the President responsible for the state of the economy.&nbsp; Right now, President Biden’s approval ratings in Kansas are abysmal, with only 21.9% being very or somewhat satisfied, 16.6% being dissatisfied, and 50.4% being very dissatisfied.&nbsp; This appears to reflect attitudes on the economy, not the culture war.&nbsp; For example,&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;results indicate that most Kansans agree with Biden on abortion rights, with 63.5% of respondents who either strongly agree or agree that “women are in a better position than politicians to make their own choices about whether or not to get an abortion.”&nbsp; These numbers mirror the results of Kansas’ 2022 referendum on abortion rights.In many ways, the economic attitudes are a puzzle.&nbsp; Kansas has an extremely low&nbsp;<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=kansas+unemployment+rate&amp;rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS959US959&amp;oq=kansas+unemployment+rat&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgBEAAYgAQyBggCEEUYOTIHCAMQABiABDIMCAQQABgUGIcCGIAEMggIBRAAGBYYHjIKCAYQABgPGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMggICRAAGBYYHqgCALACAA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8" target="_blank">unemployment rate</a>&nbsp;today, only 2.8%.&nbsp; The state is sitting on a&nbsp;<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/briefs/kansas-revenue-forecast-expects-surplus-to-grow-to-1-9b-pending-tax-cuts/#:~:text=That%20would%20leave%20the%20state,in%20the%20rainy%20day%20fund." target="_blank">budget surplus</a>&nbsp;of over $3 billion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/" target="_blank">Inflation</a>&nbsp;has dropped from its high of 7% in 2021 to 3.7% for this year. &nbsp; All in all, the economy is doing well.&nbsp; So why do so many Kansans think it is not?Kansas Speaks&nbsp;answers this question, too.&nbsp; A whopping 71.6% of respondents either strongly agree or agree that “I am concerned about the cost of housing in my community.”&nbsp; Meanwhile, only 34.9% strongly agree or agree that “I believe there is sufficient available housing in my community.”&nbsp; Indeed, Kansas home prices are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wichita.edu/about/wsunews-releases/2023/09-sept/realestate_3.php#:~:text=Home%20prices%20%E2%80%93%20Tight%20inventories%20are,another%203.5%25%20increase%20in%202024." target="_blank">expected to increase</a>&nbsp;by 5.5% this year, followed by another 3.5% increase in 2024.&nbsp; Housing costs are rising even faster in the Kansas City and Lawrence areas. &nbsp; In the worst cases, people can end up unhoused.&nbsp; This year, only 21% of Kansans agree that “homelessness is handled well in my community.”No matter the promising unemployment, budget surplus, and inflation statistics, the limited supply and rising costs of housing are causing Kansans major worries about the state of the economy.&nbsp; Policymakers, take note.<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cop3YF-F54bDYFHCY__tMjRjBe9QgW45/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=103917523163556143889&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" target="_blank">Housing Costs Have Kansans Worried.docx</a>Michael A. Smith is a professor of political science and chair of social sciences at Emporia State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Housing costs have Kansans worried

From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. 

But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.

• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.

• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.

• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks

• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.

• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.

• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.

• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.

• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.

• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.

• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.

• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.

• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.

Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.Here are some tips to help you prepare:• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Halloween safety

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.

While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.

Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.

A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. 

There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.

Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.

K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.

If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall armyworm awareness

When we recently drove to New Mexico, we discovered tarantula hordes sharing southeast Colorado highways with us. I’d seen posts regarding a Tarantula Fest in La Junta and wondered if they’d attended. Once we counted more than a dozen palm-size, hairy brown creatures crossing a stretch of asphalt slicing through section after section of native grassland I needed to discover these eight-legged guys’ intended destination. I didn’t want to join them.

Come to find out, guys they are. This annual tarantula march is not a migration technically. It involves local males of the species seeking mates isolated into webbed-encased burrows throughout undisturbed grasslands covering arid eastern Colorado and western Kansas. Scores of these shy creatures occupy this landscape unseen most of the year. That is until mating season kicks in. Likely dates to spy this trek for love start in late August as temps drop and last through October when I presume freezing nights put the kibosh on natural urges.

Fellas of the brown tarantula species mature sexually between five to ten years of age—yeah, these are long-lived arachnids. Gals mature later, living up to three decades and producing up to 4,000 offspring during their reproductive years. Once these arachnids reach goal age, Mother Nature flicks the on switch, sending males on their odyssey to search for breeding partners. Using touch, pheromones, and vibrations to find mates, these huge spiders may hike over a mile to contribute to the gene pool.

Once Mr. Tarantula finds a desirable female’s homey burrow on the lonesome prairie, he uses his pedipalps, aka arm/hand-like extensions located near his jaws, to drum on the object of his desire’s so-to-speak door. According to some sources, this rhythm lures an intrigued damsel from underground so the two can complete necessary mating rituals. If the guy is lucky, he survives this relationship and scurries off as fast as a tarantula can to find another interested partner. Apparently, once fertilization takes place, some females decide their partners qualify as tasty meals.

Surviving males wander from burrow to burrow, seeking reproductive opportunity. Once those honeymoons end, males cross the equivalent of the Rainbow Bridge—however that’s phrased in arachnid-speak.

Fertilized females create a giant (envision a golf ball) egg sac, where she deposits the next generation and protects her treasure from predators while rotating it like a rotisserie turns roasting chicken. Soon, hatchlings by the hundreds emerge and begin the process again, establishing their own burrows and controlling prairie pests. As scary as tarantulas look, they are good guys. They eat undesirable insects.

Speaking of insects, one of a tarantula’s most feared predators is the huge tarantula hawk, a spider-hunting wasp. They’re the United States’ largest wasp and feed on nectar. Unfortunately, successful reproduction requires a sacrificial tarantula. In this real-life horror story, fertile female wasps inject venom into target tarantulas, paralyzing them before dragging them into burrows. Once spiders are in place, female wasps lay eggs on them. Within days, larvae hatch and begin feasting on unmoving but still-living, hosts.

Based on the number of tarantulas we encountered crossing the highway, few suffer this fate. Most live long spidey-lives, continuing annual reproductive efforts and contributing to healthy prairies. To learn more and have fun, investigate La Junta’s Tarantula Fest.

Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>When we recently drove to New Mexico, we discovered tarantula hordes sharing southeast Colorado highways with us. I’d seen posts regarding a Tarantula Fest in La Junta and wondered if they’d attended. Once we counted more than a dozen palm-size, hairy brown creatures crossing a stretch of asphalt slicing through section after section of native grassland I needed to discover these eight-legged guys’ intended destination. I didn’t want to join them.Come to find out, guys they are. This annual tarantula march is not a migration technically. It involves local males of the species seeking mates isolated into webbed-encased burrows throughout undisturbed grasslands covering arid eastern Colorado and western Kansas. Scores of these shy creatures occupy this landscape unseen most of the year. That is until mating season kicks in. Likely dates to spy this trek for love start in late August as temps drop and last through October when I presume freezing nights put the kibosh on natural urges.Fellas of the brown tarantula species mature sexually between five to ten years of age—yeah, these are long-lived arachnids. Gals mature later, living up to three decades and producing up to 4,000 offspring during their reproductive years. Once these arachnids reach goal age, Mother Nature flicks the on switch, sending males on their odyssey to search for breeding partners. Using touch, pheromones, and vibrations to find mates, these huge spiders may hike over a mile to contribute to the gene pool.Once Mr. Tarantula finds a desirable female’s homey burrow on the lonesome prairie, he uses his pedipalps, aka arm/hand-like extensions located near his jaws, to drum on the object of his desire’s so-to-speak door. According to some sources, this rhythm lures an intrigued damsel from underground so the two can complete necessary mating rituals. If the guy is lucky, he survives this relationship and scurries off as fast as a tarantula can to find another interested partner. Apparently, once fertilization takes place, some females decide their partners qualify as tasty meals.Surviving males wander from burrow to burrow, seeking reproductive opportunity. Once those honeymoons end, males cross the equivalent of the Rainbow Bridge—however that’s phrased in arachnid-speak.Fertilized females create a giant (envision a golf ball) egg sac, where she deposits the next generation and protects her treasure from predators while rotating it like a rotisserie turns roasting chicken. Soon, hatchlings by the hundreds emerge and begin the process again, establishing their own burrows and controlling prairie pests. As scary as tarantulas look, they are good guys. They eat undesirable insects.Speaking of insects, one of a tarantula’s most feared predators is the huge tarantula hawk, a spider-hunting wasp. They’re the United States’ largest wasp and feed on nectar. Unfortunately, successful reproduction requires a sacrificial tarantula. In this real-life horror story, fertile female wasps inject venom into target tarantulas, paralyzing them before dragging them into burrows. Once spiders are in place, female wasps lay eggs on them. Within days, larvae hatch and begin feasting on unmoving but still-living, hosts.Based on the number of tarantulas we encountered crossing the highway, few suffer this fate. Most live long spidey-lives, continuing annual reproductive efforts and contributing to healthy prairies. To learn more and have fun, investigate La Junta’s Tarantula Fest.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.&nbsp;

MADORIN: Alert—tarantula crossing

Hays is blessed with an abundance of candidates this election cycle. While some communities struggle to field enough candidates to cover vacancies, Hays has 10 highly-qualified candidates from all walks of life competing for four vacancies for the USD 489 School Board.

Regardless of who wins, USD 489 will be well-served. But among these great candidates is one who stands out.

David Clingan is a relative newcomer to Hays, with a decade of residency here. David came to Hays by way of a successful three-decade career as a big-box retail general manager, first for Target stores and later for Home Depot. He and his wife of 25 years have two amazing daughters educated in Hays schools. David and his family are very active in the Hays community, serving on the boards of the Hays Rotary Club, Hays High Athletic Booster Club, and serving as an elder at North Oak Community Church.

David knows how to manage people and projects, large and small. As a store manager, he hired and managed staffs numbering in the hundreds, all with a careful eye to his store’s financial performance. Today, David is the director of recruitment and retention at Grow Hays, where his success in securing millions of dollars in state and federal grants for our community is evident in $4.1 million secured for the Hays microfactory, and several other retail, residential and commercial projects.

David is a man of sincere commitment, candor, intelligence and unfailing integrity. His ability to find workable solutions among people of diverse interests has been proven again and again. The same can be said for his ability to see large projects through from start to finish. 

David will be joining three other thoughtful, smart candidates on my ballot. I hope you agree, and that he’ll earn a spot on your ballot as well.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/12/1640621945297.png" alt="Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>Hays is blessed with an abundance of candidates this election cycle. While some communities struggle to field enough candidates to cover vacancies, Hays has 10 highly-qualified candidates from all walks of life competing for four vacancies for the USD 489 School Board.Regardless of who wins, USD 489 will be well-served. But among these great candidates is one who stands out.David Clingan is a relative newcomer to Hays, with a decade of residency here. David came to Hays by way of a successful three-decade career as a big-box retail general manager, first for Target stores and later for Home Depot. He and his wife of 25 years have two amazing daughters educated in Hays schools. David and his family are very active in the Hays community, serving on the boards of the Hays Rotary Club, Hays High Athletic Booster Club, and serving as an elder at North Oak Community Church.David knows how to manage people and projects, large and small. As a store manager, he hired and managed staffs numbering in the hundreds, all with a careful eye to his store’s financial performance. Today, David is the director of recruitment and retention at Grow Hays, where his success in securing millions of dollars in state and federal grants for our community is evident in $4.1 million secured for the Hays microfactory, and several other retail, residential and commercial projects.David is a man of sincere commitment, candor, intelligence and unfailing integrity. His ability to find workable solutions among people of diverse interests has been proven again and again. The same can be said for his ability to see large projects through from start to finish. David will be joining three other thoughtful, smart candidates on my ballot. I hope you agree, and that he’ll earn a spot on your ballot as well.Mike Morley Hays

LETTER: Clingan a standout in school board race

Last month WalletHub released its list of “Best and Worst Cities for Women,” ranking 182 large cities across the country.

Two Kansas cities — Wichita and Overland Park — made the rankings along with Kansas City, MO.

Though their positions couldn’t be more drastically different.

Overland Park ranked 8th in the country for best cities for women while Wichita ranked 149th. KCMO was ranked 125th.

The methodology used to determine the rankings had several metrics. Measures of women’s economic and social well-being made up 60% and measures of women’s healthcare and safety made up the remaining 40% of the metrics used.

For the former, measures of women’s median earnings (adjusted for the cost of living), unemployment rate, and job security joined the share of women living in poverty, women-owned businesses, and the “economic clout” of women-owned firms to determine women’s economic and social well-being.

On women’s healthcare and safety, the following measures were used: abortion policies and access (weighted double), quality of women’s hospitals, the uninsured rate for women, women’s preventative healthcare, share of physically active women, share of women who are overweight, suicide rate for women, women’s life expectancy at birth, and prevalence of rape victimization among women.

This just goes to show that cities across Kansas vary drastically.

But in general, the state as a whole has much room for improvement.

In a 2020 Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace, and Security report on The Best and Worst States to be a Woman, Kansas ranked below the national average.

Most of Kansas’ rural towns and cities would fare much worse on these measures than even Wichita.

According to United WE, a nonprofit organization in Kansas City that advocates for women’s economic and civic leadership, there is much progress to make statewide on childcare,&nbsp;eldercare, paid family leave, entrepreneurship and occupational licensing, healthcare, and civic engagement.

In United WE’s 2023 report, only broadband access had been rated as having made “significant progress” at the state level. Broadband access impacts women’s ability to seek telehealth services, especially in rural areas.

The state and its localities should be doing more to empower women.

There are many benefits of having women play an increased role in economic and civic life.

Economic Benefits. Academic studies show that women’s presence on corporate boards leads to improved stock performance and increased earnings for employees. Research also finds that women’s presence in corporate leadership consistently yields higher performance and output as well as increased creativity and innovation.

Civic Benefits. There is also a long history of research on the benefits of having women serve in political and civic leadership. Research shows that women are more collaborative and willing to work across partisan lines to find common ground, which often leads to more effective governance. Additionally, women’s presence also leads to economic growth, improved social services, and government accountability and transparency.

States and localities that rank lower for women’s empowerment, economic opportunities, access to healthcare, etc are unlikely to be attractive destinations for women seeking better opportunities and quality of life, and thus miss out on these benefits.

Kansas would reap many advantages from prioritizing women's empowerment and ensuring equitable access to opportunities.

Alexandra Middlewood, PhD is the department chair of political science at Wichita State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/9/1694699489540.png" alt="Alexandra Middlewood&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Alexandra Middlewood&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Last month WalletHub released its list of “Best and Worst Cities for Women,” ranking 182 large cities across the country.Two Kansas cities — Wichita and Overland Park — made the rankings along with Kansas City, MO.Though their positions couldn’t be more drastically different.Overland Park ranked 8th in the country for best cities for women while Wichita ranked 149th. KCMO was ranked 125th.The methodology used to determine the rankings had several metrics. Measures of women’s economic and social well-being made up 60% and measures of women’s healthcare and safety made up the remaining 40% of the metrics used.For the former, measures of women’s median earnings (adjusted for the cost of living), unemployment rate, and job security joined the share of women living in poverty, women-owned businesses, and the “economic clout” of women-owned firms to determine women’s economic and social well-being.On women’s healthcare and safety, the following measures were used: abortion policies and access (weighted double), quality of women’s hospitals, the uninsured rate for women, women’s preventative healthcare, share of physically active women, share of women who are overweight, suicide rate for women, women’s life expectancy at birth, and prevalence of rape victimization among women.This just goes to show that cities across Kansas vary drastically.But in general, the state as a whole has much room for improvement.In a 2020 Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace, and Security report on The Best and Worst States to be a Woman, Kansas ranked below the national average.Most of Kansas’ rural towns and cities would fare much worse on these measures than even Wichita.According to United WE, a nonprofit organization in Kansas City that advocates for women’s economic and civic leadership, there is much progress to make statewide on childcare,&nbsp;eldercare, paid family leave, entrepreneurship and occupational licensing, healthcare, and civic engagement.In United WE’s 2023 report, only broadband access had been rated as having made “significant progress” at the state level. Broadband access impacts women’s ability to seek telehealth services, especially in rural areas.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575913663048.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The state and its localities should be doing more to empower women.Why?There are many benefits of having women play an increased role in economic and civic life.Economic Benefits. Academic studies show that women’s presence on corporate boards leads to improved stock performance and increased earnings for employees. Research also finds that women’s presence in corporate leadership consistently yields higher performance and output as well as increased creativity and innovation.Civic Benefits. There is also a long history of research on the benefits of having women serve in political and civic leadership. Research shows that women are more collaborative and willing to work across partisan lines to find common ground, which often leads to more effective governance. Additionally, women’s presence also leads to economic growth, improved social services, and government accountability and transparency.States and localities that rank lower for women’s empowerment, economic opportunities, access to healthcare, etc are unlikely to be attractive destinations for women seeking better opportunities and quality of life, and thus miss out on these benefits.Kansas would reap many advantages from prioritizing women's empowerment and ensuring equitable access to opportunities.Alexandra Middlewood, PhD is the department chair of political science at Wichita State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Empowering Kansas women: The path to economic, civic advancement

On October 4, the&nbsp; hosted a truly remarkable event that brought together the community in celebration of agriculture. 

Kids Ag Day, an annual tradition, took place at the scenic Pa's Pumpkin Patch (owned by Jeff and Marla Copper) south of Hays and was attended by over 300 enthusiastic fourth-grade students from Ellis County. 

The event wouldn't have been possible without the invaluable support of the TMP, Victoria, and Hays High FFA Chapters, who lent their helping hands to make this day even more special. 

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all our incredible presenters, sponsors, and volunteers who dedicated their time and expertise to make Kids Ag Day a resounding success. Their unwavering commitment to educating young minds about the importance of agriculture is truly commendable.

The atmosphere was brimming with excitement as children immersed themselves in various interactive activities designed to ignite their curiosity about farming practices and food production. From engaging workshops on sustainable farming techniques to hands-on experiences with farm animals, every moment was a chance for these young learners to deepen their understanding of the vital role agriculture plays in our lives. 

As we reflect on this unforgettable day, we are reminded of how crucial it is for future generations to appreciate and value our agricultural heritage. Events like Kids Ag Day not only foster a sense of connection between children and nature but also inspire them to become informed advocates for sustainable farming practices. 

Once again, we express our deepest gratitude to everyone involved in making this event possible - from the organizers behind the scenes to those who generously contributed their time and resources. Your dedication has left such a mark on these young minds and has undoubtedly sown seeds of passion for agriculture that will bear fruit for years to come. 

Together, let us continue nurturing a love for agriculture among our youth and pave the way for a brighter future rooted in sustainable practices.&nbsp;

&nbsp;Stephanie Eckroat County Service Coordinator Ellis County Farm Bureau

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697809294653.jpeg" alt="The Ellis County Farm Bureau Kids Ag Day 2023 was located at&nbsp;Pa's Pumpkin Patch, Hays. Photos courtesy Steph Eckroat" />
 <figcaption>The Ellis County Farm Bureau Kids Ag Day 2023 was located at&nbsp;Pa's Pumpkin Patch, Hays. Photos courtesy Steph Eckroat</figcaption>
 </figure>On October 4, the&nbsp; hosted a truly remarkable event that brought together the community in celebration of agriculture. Kids Ag Day, an annual tradition, took place at the scenic Pa's Pumpkin Patch (owned by Jeff and Marla Copper) south of Hays and was attended by over 300 enthusiastic fourth-grade students from Ellis County. The event wouldn't have been possible without the invaluable support of the TMP, Victoria, and Hays High FFA Chapters, who lent their helping hands to make this day even more special. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all our incredible presenters, sponsors, and volunteers who dedicated their time and expertise to make Kids Ag Day a resounding success. Their unwavering commitment to educating young minds about the importance of agriculture is truly commendable.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697809225836.jpeg" alt="Kids Ag Day 2023 ( Photo courtesy Stephanie Eckroat)" />
 <figcaption>Kids Ag Day 2023 ( Photo courtesy Stephanie Eckroat)</figcaption>
 </figure><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697809413088.jpeg" alt="Kids Ag Day participants check out the alpacas at Pa's Pumpkin Patch on Oct. 4. Photo by Steph Eckroat" />
 <figcaption>Kids Ag Day participants check out the alpacas at Pa's Pumpkin Patch on Oct. 4. Photo by Steph Eckroat</figcaption>
 </figure>The atmosphere was brimming with excitement as children immersed themselves in various interactive activities designed to ignite their curiosity about farming practices and food production. From engaging workshops on sustainable farming techniques to hands-on experiences with farm animals, every moment was a chance for these young learners to deepen their understanding of the vital role agriculture plays in our lives. As we reflect on this unforgettable day, we are reminded of how crucial it is for future generations to appreciate and value our agricultural heritage. Events like Kids Ag Day not only foster a sense of connection between children and nature but also inspire them to become informed advocates for sustainable farming practices. Once again, we express our deepest gratitude to everyone involved in making this event possible - from the organizers behind the scenes to those who generously contributed their time and resources. Your dedication has left such a mark on these young minds and has undoubtedly sown seeds of passion for agriculture that will bear fruit for years to come. Together, let us continue nurturing a love for agriculture among our youth and pave the way for a brighter future rooted in sustainable practices.&nbsp;&nbsp;Stephanie Eckroat County Service Coordinator Ellis County Farm Bureau

LETTER: Kids Ag Day brings community together to celebrate agriculture

With row crop harvest well underway, it is time to start planning fall herbicide applications. 

Herbicide applications in late October through November can improve control of difficult winter annual weeds. Fall weed control is associated with warmer soils and easier planting in the spring, however, it is important to remember that fall-applied herbicides may limit your crop options in the spring. Also remember that herbicides should not be applied to frozen ground.

Some of the key herbicides to consider for fall herbicide applications include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), suflentrazone (Spartan, others), and Autumn Super, for residual activity. One thing to keep in mind about residual activity from fall herbicide applications is that weather conditions will influence the length of residual control and the weed emergence patterns. So, even though they provide some residual activity, additional spring application pre-emergence herbicides will likely be needed for season-long weed control.

For burndown activity, glyphosate, 2,4-D or dicamba are good options to consider. Alternatives for grass control include Group 1 herbicides like clethodim (Select, others) or quizalofop (Assure II, others). Alternatives for controlling broadleaf weeds include paraquat (Gramoxone, others) or saflufenacil (Sharpen).

Some key weeds to target with fall herbicide applications are marestail, henbit, dandelion, prickly lettuce, pepperweed, field pansy, and recently-emerged cool-season grasses. When higher rates of herbicides are used in the fall some suppression of early spring-germinating summer annual broadleaf weeds such as kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and Pennsylvania smartweed can be achieved, according to recent research in Kansas.

Marestail is a problem that merits special attention. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. Marestail is much easier to control in fall or early spring while it is still in the rosette growth stage.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval.

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. 

For more information on weed control refer to the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland. You can find it by typing into your internet browser&nbsp;“<a href="http://v">Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU</a>.” Or stop by your local county or district extension office for a paper copy.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>With row crop harvest well underway, it is time to start planning fall herbicide applications. Herbicide applications in late October through November can improve control of difficult winter annual weeds. Fall weed control is associated with warmer soils and easier planting in the spring, however, it is important to remember that fall-applied herbicides may limit your crop options in the spring. Also remember that herbicides should not be applied to frozen ground.Some of the key herbicides to consider for fall herbicide applications include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), suflentrazone (Spartan, others), and Autumn Super, for residual activity. One thing to keep in mind about residual activity from fall herbicide applications is that weather conditions will influence the length of residual control and the weed emergence patterns. So, even though they provide some residual activity, additional spring application pre-emergence herbicides will likely be needed for season-long weed control.For burndown activity, glyphosate, 2,4-D or dicamba are good options to consider. Alternatives for grass control include Group 1 herbicides like clethodim (Select, others) or quizalofop (Assure II, others). Alternatives for controlling broadleaf weeds include paraquat (Gramoxone, others) or saflufenacil (Sharpen).Some key weeds to target with fall herbicide applications are marestail, henbit, dandelion, prickly lettuce, pepperweed, field pansy, and recently-emerged cool-season grasses. When higher rates of herbicides are used in the fall some suppression of early spring-germinating summer annual broadleaf weeds such as kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and Pennsylvania smartweed can be achieved, according to recent research in Kansas.Marestail is a problem that merits special attention. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. Marestail is much easier to control in fall or early spring while it is still in the rosette growth stage.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. For more information on weed control refer to the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland. You can find it by typing into your internet browser&nbsp;“<a href="http://v">Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU</a>.” Or stop by your local county or district extension office for a paper copy.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Control annual weeds with fall-applied herbicides ahead of corn, sorghum

I love finding a great read. The more books I finish, the harder that seems, but thanks to the Kansas Room Director at the Hays Public Library, I found a book to buy for my personal library so I can revisit it any time I want.

Local history buffs meet in the Kansas room every Thursday, and this director overhears discussions that cover everything from Volga German and Bukovina immigration to The Flippers to fossils to where’d the bones from Boot Hill get relocated. Apparently, he observed I love wildlife topics past and present so one day he handed me Dan Flores’ "American Serengeti: The Last Big Animals of the Great Plains."

There wasn’t any magic in figuring I’d love this book. I’m an avid Great Plains and natural history student and conversations regarding these topics grab my attention. It doesn’t hurt to toss in archeological and paleontological details. Bless my parents and later my husband for numerous side trips leading to Indian ruins, museums, petroglyphs, dinosaur tracks, mammoth, fossil fish, and other prehistoric beast digs, and wildlife sightings.

I happily report Flores takes readers through Great Plains natural history from before the Pleistocene to the present. His solid research logically debunks myth and supports points with evidence. While I felt he pushed uncomfortable boundaries involving reinstituting an American Serengeti, Flores makes me think and explore additional sources to develop those thoughts.

Reading his chapters on the pronghorn, coyote, horse, grizzly, bison, and wolf had me repeatedly flipping pages to revisit interesting points. For instance, in grade school, I learned about dawn horse and how it began in North America. Somehow, I forgot equines are native to North America and followed the narrative that Spaniards introduced them to the New World. Flores’ horse chapter reminded me these creatures actually began on this continent’s grasslands and grazed alongside bison herds once they returned.

Years earlier, I learned how pronghorn eye placement and speed resulted as they evolved to escape large, swift cats like saber-tooth tigers that haven’t lived in North America since the Pleistocene. Flores reminded me that despite a lack of serious predators, speedgoats see and outrun any perceived threat.

As a 6th generation Kansan familiar with historic buffalo ranges, I read and reread the bison chapter, which altered several of my pre-conceived notions. Flores focused on statistics involving climatology, economics, cultural practices, disease, and more regarding this population’s repeated waxing and waning. Text books and popular culture had drilled into me the simple reason for the species’ near demise—the U.S. government wanted them wiped out to destroy natives’ resources. After reading and reviewing the author’s citations, I see that, like much history, explanations are more complicated than they initially appear. 

Citing numerous reliable resources, he debunks the theory that the government via the military supported destroying all buffalo. Flores’ citation of General Sheridan who wrote, “I consider it important that this wholesale slaughter of the Buffalo should be stopped” forced me to rethink what I’d learned about him. Flores’ research reveals multiple players and rationales in this tragedy.

While this book won’t interest all readers, anyone who loves the prairie and seeks natural history and wildlife knowledge will find new tangents to explore. It’s not too academic—but--you can’t watch Guardians of the Galaxy and follow this text at the same time.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>I love finding a great read. The more books I finish, the harder that seems, but thanks to the Kansas Room Director at the Hays Public Library, I found a book to buy for my personal library so I can revisit it any time I want.Local history buffs meet in the Kansas room every Thursday, and this director overhears discussions that cover everything from Volga German and Bukovina immigration to The Flippers to fossils to where’d the bones from Boot Hill get relocated. Apparently, he observed I love wildlife topics past and present so one day he handed me Dan Flores’ "American Serengeti: The Last Big Animals of the Great Plains."There wasn’t any magic in figuring I’d love this book. I’m an avid Great Plains and natural history student and conversations regarding these topics grab my attention. It doesn’t hurt to toss in archeological and paleontological details. Bless my parents and later my husband for numerous side trips leading to Indian ruins, museums, petroglyphs, dinosaur tracks, mammoth, fossil fish, and other prehistoric beast digs, and wildlife sightings.I happily report Flores takes readers through Great Plains natural history from before the Pleistocene to the present. His solid research logically debunks myth and supports points with evidence. While I felt he pushed uncomfortable boundaries involving reinstituting an American Serengeti, Flores makes me think and explore additional sources to develop those thoughts.Reading his chapters on the pronghorn, coyote, horse, grizzly, bison, and wolf had me repeatedly flipping pages to revisit interesting points. For instance, in grade school, I learned about dawn horse and how it began in North America. Somehow, I forgot equines are native to North America and followed the narrative that Spaniards introduced them to the New World. Flores’ horse chapter reminded me these creatures actually began on this continent’s grasslands and grazed alongside bison herds once they returned.Years earlier, I learned how pronghorn eye placement and speed resulted as they evolved to escape large, swift cats like saber-tooth tigers that haven’t lived in North America since the Pleistocene. Flores reminded me that despite a lack of serious predators, speedgoats see and outrun any perceived threat.As a 6th generation Kansan familiar with historic buffalo ranges, I read and reread the bison chapter, which altered several of my pre-conceived notions. Flores focused on statistics involving climatology, economics, cultural practices, disease, and more regarding this population’s repeated waxing and waning. Text books and popular culture had drilled into me the simple reason for the species’ near demise—the U.S. government wanted them wiped out to destroy natives’ resources. After reading and reviewing the author’s citations, I see that, like much history, explanations are more complicated than they initially appear. Citing numerous reliable resources, he debunks the theory that the government via the military supported destroying all buffalo. Flores’ citation of General Sheridan who wrote, “I consider it important that this wholesale slaughter of the Buffalo should be stopped” forced me to rethink what I’d learned about him. Flores’ research reveals multiple players and rationales in this tragedy.While this book won’t interest all readers, anyone who loves the prairie and seeks natural history and wildlife knowledge will find new tangents to explore. It’s not too academic—but--you can’t watch Guardians of the Galaxy and follow this text at the same time.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.&nbsp;

MADORIN: A great Great Plains read   

Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! 

For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our ag and natural resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. 

We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. 

From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;

Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 p.m. at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 a.m. Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm.

All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>.

You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;mberan@ksu.edu&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our ag and natural resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 p.m. at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 a.m. Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm. All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>. You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;mberan@ksu.edu&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Community Partners

October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health celebrates National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week. The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All."

The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.

A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.

Blood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.

Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.

Smoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.

Checking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.

Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After Pregnancy

Work with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health celebrates National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week. The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All."The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.Know the NumbersBlood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.Heart Healthy HabitsLifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.Cut Out Tobacco UseSmoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.Monitor Your Blood PressureChecking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After PregnancyWork with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.Link between Mental and Heart HealthMental and physical health are closely related. People who experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety for a long period of time are more likely to develop conditions like high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. It is also common for people to develop mental health conditions after having an event like a heart attack. Managing stress and mental health symptoms is important for proper heart health.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

Opinion