Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.

Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.

To see the complete yield results and details of the cultural practices go to our web site at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>.

 This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decision. It is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the Field Day.

Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Station's replicated wheat performance tests. 

They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in four different spots in the field; all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.

Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe and leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. 

A good resource is “Wheat Variety Guide – MF991” publication that is updated yearly. It will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.

Many thanks to Neil Gottschalk and his family and Brandon Riedel for putting out the wheat demonstration plot! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Bank of Hays, Bieker Insurance Agency, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Farm Bureau Financial Services, Danny Dinkel, First Kansas Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Kippes Insurance Agency, LDI, Nutrien Ag Solutions, Radke Implement, Sunflower Bank, United Ag and A &amp; A Coors.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.To see the complete yield results and details of the cultural practices go to our web site at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>. This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decision. It is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the Field Day.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/7/1689604292324.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Station's replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in four different spots in the field; all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe and leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. A good resource is “Wheat Variety Guide – MF991” publication that is updated yearly. It will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.Many thanks to Neil Gottschalk and his family and Brandon Riedel for putting out the wheat demonstration plot! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Bank of Hays, Bieker Insurance Agency, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Farm Bureau Financial Services, Danny Dinkel, First Kansas Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Kippes Insurance Agency, LDI, Nutrien Ag Solutions, Radke Implement, Sunflower Bank, United Ag and A &amp; A Coors.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Ellis County wheat variety demonstration plot results

By TISA MASON FHSU President

In 1952, a group known as the College Sports Communicators (CSC) created a new accolade called the “Academic All-America” program to recognize student-athletes who excel in the classroom and athletic competition. The program is known today as the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) Academic All-American program, and to qualify for consideration, a student-athlete must be a starter or play an important role as a reserve or substitute with at least a 3.30 cumulative grade point average (on a 4.0 scale) at their current institution.

This academic year, ten Tiger athletes earned Academic All-American honors. This was the most in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and by far the most in FHSU’s history. Fort Hays State has produced 68 Academic All-America selections since our first selection in 1975.

Creating an Academic All-Americans legacy at FHSU is no small task. It takes great coaches who recruit and develop superb talent and faculty who challenge and mentor our student-athletes. It also takes dedicated professional staffers like Ryan Prickett, the sports information director for Tiger Athletics. This year, he was the prime mover behind this remarkable rise in Academic All-Americans. Ryan puts the nomination packages together each year, and the process is extensive. To create a nomination package for a worthy student-athlete, Ryan creates a summary write-up of their accomplishments that he submits for consideration to the voting members of CoSIDA. As a voting member, Ryan says he reviews several hundred nomination packages each year and makes just a handful of selections.

“We are limited in the number of individuals I am allowed to nominate in each sport, and it fluctuates a bit from sport to sport,” Ryan said. “Since all of the schools that are members of the College Sports Communicators group can vote on the Academic All-America team, competition is fierce.” Ryan stays in close contact with Tiger Athletics coaches throughout the school year as part of his nomination process.

2023 Academic All-America selectee, women’s golfer Morgan Brasser, said she cried when she heard the news. “It’s tough to describe how good this felt,” Morgan said. “I struggled on the golf course my first couple of years, but things just seem to have come together this year.”

Sprinter Hayden Albright and Javelin thrower Addie Berens were surprised to learn of their Academic All-America selections. They had no idea their coaches and Ryan were positioning them as candidates.

“I wasn’t really looking for the recognition. I know that studying hard and competing at the highest level is what I need to do,” said Hayden, an informatics major from Kingman, Kan.

Addie came to FHSU from little Tampa, Kan. (population just over 100) to pursue her dream of becoming an elementary school teacher. Coach McCullough didn’t recruit her, but that didn’t stop her from asking him if she could join the Team as a walk-on athlete. Addie went on to&nbsp;compete at Nationals during her freshman year. She, too, was surprised when she learned of her selection.

“I didn’t know it was a “thing,” Addie said. “It’s a definite honor. It feels good to know our athletics program goes to these lengths to recognize our performance in track and the classroom.”

Track and Field coach Jason McCullough, an accomplished student-athlete himself at FHSU, was a five-time Academic All-America selectee. This year, Coach McCullough’s men’s and women’s teams' six Academic All-America honors were the most for any Tiger Athletics team. He thinks the close-knit culture that defines Tiger Athletics is the primary driver behind the remarkable number of Academic All-America selections this year.&nbsp;

McCullough said, “We value not only the athletic successes of our student-athletes as competitors, but we also value the successes they exhibit in the classroom and as good human beings. I want to bring attention to other principles we cultivate in our student-athletes: commitment to excellence, dedication, teamwork, attitude, and total belief in yourself, your teammates, and your coaching staff.”

Congratulations to our 2023 Academic All-America selectees listed below. Each of you is a superb ambassador for your sport, Tiger Athletics, and Fort Hays State University.

2023 CoSIDA Academic All-Americans

· Baseball – Ed Scott · Football – Alex Schremmer · Men’s Track and Field – Ryan Stanley, Hayden Albright, Ethan Lang, and Xavier Robinson · Women’s Golf – Morgan Brasser ·&nbsp; Women’s Soccer – Isabel Robben · Women’s Track and Field – Mattie Rossi and Addie Berens

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Tisa Mason" />
 <figcaption>Tisa Mason</figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON FHSU PresidentIn 1952, a group known as the College Sports Communicators (CSC) created a new accolade called the “Academic All-America” program to recognize student-athletes who excel in the classroom and athletic competition. The program is known today as the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) Academic All-American program, and to qualify for consideration, a student-athlete must be a starter or play an important role as a reserve or substitute with at least a 3.30 cumulative grade point average (on a 4.0 scale) at their current institution.This academic year, ten Tiger athletes earned Academic All-American honors. This was the most in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and by far the most in FHSU’s history. Fort Hays State has produced 68 Academic All-America selections since our first selection in 1975.Creating an Academic All-Americans legacy at FHSU is no small task. It takes great coaches who recruit and develop superb talent and faculty who challenge and mentor our student-athletes. It also takes dedicated professional staffers like Ryan Prickett, the sports information director for Tiger Athletics. This year, he was the prime mover behind this remarkable rise in Academic All-Americans. Ryan puts the nomination packages together each year, and the process is extensive. To create a nomination package for a worthy student-athlete, Ryan creates a summary write-up of their accomplishments that he submits for consideration to the voting members of CoSIDA. As a voting member, Ryan says he reviews several hundred nomination packages each year and makes just a handful of selections.“We are limited in the number of individuals I am allowed to nominate in each sport, and it fluctuates a bit from sport to sport,” Ryan said. “Since all of the schools that are members of the College Sports Communicators group can vote on the Academic All-America team, competition is fierce.” Ryan stays in close contact with Tiger Athletics coaches throughout the school year as part of his nomination process.2023 Academic All-America selectee, women’s golfer Morgan Brasser, said she cried when she heard the news. “It’s tough to describe how good this felt,” Morgan said. “I struggled on the golf course my first couple of years, but things just seem to have come together this year.”Sprinter Hayden Albright and Javelin thrower Addie Berens were surprised to learn of their Academic All-America selections. They had no idea their coaches and Ryan were positioning them as candidates.“I wasn’t really looking for the recognition. I know that studying hard and competing at the highest level is what I need to do,” said Hayden, an informatics major from Kingman, Kan.Addie came to FHSU from little Tampa, Kan. (population just over 100) to pursue her dream of becoming an elementary school teacher. Coach McCullough didn’t recruit her, but that didn’t stop her from asking him if she could join the Team as a walk-on athlete. Addie went on to&nbsp;compete at Nationals during her freshman year. She, too, was surprised when she learned of her selection.“I didn’t know it was a “thing,” Addie said. “It’s a definite honor. It feels good to know our athletics program goes to these lengths to recognize our performance in track and the classroom.”Track and Field coach Jason McCullough, an accomplished student-athlete himself at FHSU, was a five-time Academic All-America selectee. This year, Coach McCullough’s men’s and women’s teams' six Academic All-America honors were the most for any Tiger Athletics team. He thinks the close-knit culture that defines Tiger Athletics is the primary driver behind the remarkable number of Academic All-America selections this year.&nbsp;McCullough said, “We value not only the athletic successes of our student-athletes as competitors, but we also value the successes they exhibit in the classroom and as good human beings. I want to bring attention to other principles we cultivate in our student-athletes: commitment to excellence, dedication, teamwork, attitude, and total belief in yourself, your teammates, and your coaching staff.”Congratulations to our 2023 Academic All-America selectees listed below. Each of you is a superb ambassador for your sport, Tiger Athletics, and Fort Hays State University.2023 CoSIDA Academic All-Americans· Baseball – Ed Scott · Football – Alex Schremmer · Men’s Track and Field – Ryan Stanley, Hayden Albright, Ethan Lang, and Xavier Robinson · Women’s Golf – Morgan Brasser ·&nbsp; Women’s Soccer – Isabel Robben · Women’s Track and Field – Mattie Rossi and Addie Berens

Heart of a Tiger: Athletes earn national Academic All-American honors

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.

•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation.

The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! 

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation. The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! Have a great week.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Stay cool, stay hydrated, stay informed

Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.

When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.

If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”

For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.

Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:

· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes.

The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.

“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes. The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Food safety tips during a power outage

Governor Laura Kelly recently touted her administration’s economic track record in a press release from the Office of the Governor. Specifically, Kelly cited over $16 billion in private-sector investments and the creation of over 60,000 jobs in Kansas since she took office as governor.

To grow the economy, Kelly has offered tax incentive packages to lure businesses to Kansas and encourage Kansas-based corporations to expand their economic footprint in the state. These incentive packages have been a key part in reaching investment deals with Panasonic, Integra Technologies, and EMP Shield.

Tax incentive packages have become a valuable tool for state and local policymakers trying to attract investment in a fiercely competitive economic environment. For example, when Amazon announced it was seeking proposals for a second headquarters in 2017, a bidding war ensued with cities offering land, tax breaks, and promised investments in public transit, among other enticements to convince Amazon to consider their jurisdictions.

The Amazon headquarters decision may be an extreme example, but it illustrates the new normal of policymakers offering lucrative incentives to attract economic investment.

Proponents argue that tax incentive packages have several benefits. First, increased financial investment and job creation can serve as a catalyst for state and local economies. By convincing businesses to establish or expand economic operations within their state or locality, policymakers create job opportunities.

Tax incentives may also lead to increases in tax revenue. This may seem paradoxical, but the argument is that by generating economic activity, governments will recoup whatever tax breaks they initially offered in future revenues from corporate, income, sales, and property taxes.

Finally, by offering tax incentives, policymakers create a competitive advantage over neighboring states, positioning themselves as an attractive destination for investment. This bolsters a state’s reputation as a hub for economic activity, which may in turn attract more investment.

Tax incentive plans, however, are not without detractors. One concern associated with these plans is the loss of revenue for states and localities. When policymakers offer tax breaks to businesses, it reduces the tax base, constraining funds available for key public services such as education or healthcare. This negative consequence can be particularly challenging for cities as they attempt to balance their tight budgets.

Further, these incentive plans create an uneven playing field. They often provide economic benefits to large corporations and businesses. Small businesses and individual taxpayers, on the other hand, do not have access to these same benefits. This worry is not without merit as some of the details of these deals are not made public during negotiation.

Finally, critics argue that tax incentive plans are short-term solutions. Businesses may decide to locate or invest in a state based on the availability of tax incentives, but they do not guarantee long-term investment. Neighboring states can offer similar deals in the future, leading to a cycle of relocation that creates economic instability for everyone. This dynamic, described by Dr. Michael Smith in his column<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/41b36213-139e-4b6f-b5a6-0468c746210d"> “Tax truce is holding, but it’s time to finish the job,” </a>can be seen in past tax border wars in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The reality is that policymakers, like Governor Kelly, understand that tax incentives are the price of doing business in our global, competitive economy. The question that remains is do the benefits always outweigh the drawbacks?

Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1678375743023.jpeg" alt="Brianne Heidbreder is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Brianne Heidbreder is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Governor Laura Kelly recently touted her administration’s economic track record in a press release from the Office of the Governor. Specifically, Kelly cited over $16 billion in private-sector investments and the creation of over 60,000 jobs in Kansas since she took office as governor.To grow the economy, Kelly has offered tax incentive packages to lure businesses to Kansas and encourage Kansas-based corporations to expand their economic footprint in the state. These incentive packages have been a key part in reaching investment deals with Panasonic, Integra Technologies, and EMP Shield.Tax incentive packages have become a valuable tool for state and local policymakers trying to attract investment in a fiercely competitive economic environment. For example, when Amazon announced it was seeking proposals for a second headquarters in 2017, a bidding war ensued with cities offering land, tax breaks, and promised investments in public transit, among other enticements to convince Amazon to consider their jurisdictions.The Amazon headquarters decision may be an extreme example, but it illustrates the new normal of policymakers offering lucrative incentives to attract economic investment.Proponents argue that tax incentive packages have several benefits. First, increased financial investment and job creation can serve as a catalyst for state and local economies. By convincing businesses to establish or expand economic operations within their state or locality, policymakers create job opportunities.Tax incentives may also lead to increases in tax revenue. This may seem paradoxical, but the argument is that by generating economic activity, governments will recoup whatever tax breaks they initially offered in future revenues from corporate, income, sales, and property taxes.Finally, by offering tax incentives, policymakers create a competitive advantage over neighboring states, positioning themselves as an attractive destination for investment. This bolsters a state’s reputation as a hub for economic activity, which may in turn attract more investment.Tax incentive plans, however, are not without detractors. One concern associated with these plans is the loss of revenue for states and localities. When policymakers offer tax breaks to businesses, it reduces the tax base, constraining funds available for key public services such as education or healthcare. This negative consequence can be particularly challenging for cities as they attempt to balance their tight budgets.Further, these incentive plans create an uneven playing field. They often provide economic benefits to large corporations and businesses. Small businesses and individual taxpayers, on the other hand, do not have access to these same benefits. This worry is not without merit as some of the details of these deals are not made public during negotiation.Finally, critics argue that tax incentive plans are short-term solutions. Businesses may decide to locate or invest in a state based on the availability of tax incentives, but they do not guarantee long-term investment. Neighboring states can offer similar deals in the future, leading to a cycle of relocation that creates economic instability for everyone. This dynamic, described by Dr. Michael Smith in his column<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/41b36213-139e-4b6f-b5a6-0468c746210d"> “Tax truce is holding, but it’s time to finish the job,” </a>can be seen in past tax border wars in the Kansas City metropolitan area.The reality is that policymakers, like Governor Kelly, understand that tax incentives are the price of doing business in our global, competitive economy. The question that remains is do the benefits always outweigh the drawbacks?Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: The politics of incentivizing investment

When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. 

This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. 

Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. 

Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.

Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.

2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.

Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.

Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.

Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. 

Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. 

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum

If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? 

Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. 

In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. 

You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:

· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression

The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. 

Instead, start by improving just one or two of your lifestyle choices. You might begin to walk during part of your lunch hour, park a little farther away at the store, or try a standing desk. 

Nudge yourself with one small habit at a time, and you can reap the rewards of a healthier lifestyle over time.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression So, where do you begin? The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. Instead, start by improving just one or two of your lifestyle choices. You might begin to walk during part of your lunch hour, park a little farther away at the store, or try a standing desk. Nudge yourself with one small habit at a time, and you can reap the rewards of a healthier lifestyle over time.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Small changes equal big rewards

While meat and poultry are popular choices for grilling, the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reminds us that cooking these foods with intense heat can lead to formation of potential carcinogens. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) form in meat when its proteins react to the intense heat of the grill. Studies have linked HCAs to development of cancer.

You can modify your grilling technique to reduce the chance of cancer risk. Marinating meat before grilling can decrease formation of HCAs. If you are grilling larger cuts of meat, pre-cook them partially to reduce the time meat is exposed to flame. Trim the fat from meat to reduce flare-ups and charring. Cut meat into smaller portions and mix with vegetables to shorten the cooking time. Another way to minimize cancer risk — grill more veggies!

Grilled vegetables and fruits are delicious, and they are key elements in a healthful diet. The bonus is they don’t form HCAs when cooked, so that cancer risk is eliminated. As you plan cookout meals this summer, include plenty of colorful grilled vegetables and fruits like asparagus, all types of peppers, squash, broccoli, tomatoes, onions, carrots, corn, mushrooms, eggplant, potatoes, mangoes, and pineapple. Even the pickiest eaters will usually enjoy some grilled pineapple! Grilled zucchini is one of my favorites and is a good way to get rid of those extra squash that are so prolific. Or try something new, like grilled lettuce!

Here are basic instructions for grilling veggies and fruit:

· Slice veggies the same thickness so they cook at the same rate.

· Drizzle or brush with olive oil before cooking

· Season simply with a sprinkle of salt, pepper, and any dried herbs you like.

· Grill over medium heat to start. To prevent veggies and fruit from slipping through the grates, lay them crosswise or use a grill basket.

· Close the lid to create the same environment as an oven. Flip halfway through cooking time. More dense vegetables, like peppers and onions, will cook in about 8 to 10 minutes. Squash, eggplant, and asparagus will only require 5 to 7 minutes.

· After removing vegetables and fruit from heat, you can add a splash of balsamic vinegar (flavored varieties add interest) and fresh herbs. Before adding herbs, you may need to add just a bit of olive oil.

One way to add flavor to meals from the grill is with a salsa side. There are so many combinations of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and seasonings to enjoy! So, don’t think of salsa as just a dip with chips. Almost anything savory, salty, meaty, fresh, or slightly sweet is even better with salsa on top: chicken, fish,&nbsp;steak, pork, lamb, or a baked potato. Top a salad with salsa and sliced chicken, boiled eggs, or tuna and you have a winning meal, especially in the heat of summer. Have you tried cucumber salsa? It is great on a salad!

Another benefit of grilling is cooking outside keeps the heat outside and not in your home. Cooking enough for leftovers during the weekend can help with busy weekdays between work and other activities. Grilling can offer a different flavor which can sometimes encourage family to try new foods. Grilling is easy and convenient so go ahead and try a new fruit or vegetable today!

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>While meat and poultry are popular choices for grilling, the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reminds us that cooking these foods with intense heat can lead to formation of potential carcinogens. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) form in meat when its proteins react to the intense heat of the grill. Studies have linked HCAs to development of cancer.You can modify your grilling technique to reduce the chance of cancer risk. Marinating meat before grilling can decrease formation of HCAs. If you are grilling larger cuts of meat, pre-cook them partially to reduce the time meat is exposed to flame. Trim the fat from meat to reduce flare-ups and charring. Cut meat into smaller portions and mix with vegetables to shorten the cooking time. Another way to minimize cancer risk — grill more veggies!Grilled vegetables and fruits are delicious, and they are key elements in a healthful diet. The bonus is they don’t form HCAs when cooked, so that cancer risk is eliminated. As you plan cookout meals this summer, include plenty of colorful grilled vegetables and fruits like asparagus, all types of peppers, squash, broccoli, tomatoes, onions, carrots, corn, mushrooms, eggplant, potatoes, mangoes, and pineapple. Even the pickiest eaters will usually enjoy some grilled pineapple! Grilled zucchini is one of my favorites and is a good way to get rid of those extra squash that are so prolific. Or try something new, like grilled lettuce!Here are basic instructions for grilling veggies and fruit:· Slice veggies the same thickness so they cook at the same rate.· Drizzle or brush with olive oil before cooking· Season simply with a sprinkle of salt, pepper, and any dried herbs you like.· Grill over medium heat to start. To prevent veggies and fruit from slipping through the grates, lay them crosswise or use a grill basket.· Close the lid to create the same environment as an oven. Flip halfway through cooking time. More dense vegetables, like peppers and onions, will cook in about 8 to 10 minutes. Squash, eggplant, and asparagus will only require 5 to 7 minutes.· After removing vegetables and fruit from heat, you can add a splash of balsamic vinegar (flavored varieties add interest) and fresh herbs. Before adding herbs, you may need to add just a bit of olive oil.One way to add flavor to meals from the grill is with a salsa side. There are so many combinations of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and seasonings to enjoy! So, don’t think of salsa as just a dip with chips. Almost anything savory, salty, meaty, fresh, or slightly sweet is even better with salsa on top: chicken, fish,&nbsp;steak, pork, lamb, or a baked potato. Top a salad with salsa and sliced chicken, boiled eggs, or tuna and you have a winning meal, especially in the heat of summer. Have you tried cucumber salsa? It is great on a salad!Another benefit of grilling is cooking outside keeps the heat outside and not in your home. Cooking enough for leftovers during the weekend can help with busy weekdays between work and other activities. Grilling can offer a different flavor which can sometimes encourage family to try new foods. Grilling is easy and convenient so go ahead and try a new fruit or vegetable today!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Grilling fruits, vegetables

We have just celebrated 247 years of American independence — though it’s no secret that the United States has suffered an erosion of democratic norms and institutions in recent years.

This is reflected in rising political polarization, extremism, partisan pressure on the electoral process, and growing disparities in wealth, economic opportunity and political influence.

As a political science professor, I often discuss this topic with my students.

We discuss “Big Thoughts” on American democracy. We start at the foundation and ponder whether it’s worth saving and inevitably come to a consensus that it is, though perhaps with some disagreement on potential changes to the current governing structure.

A vast majority of Kansans seem to agree that democracy is valuable.

In exit polls conducted for Fox News during the 2022 election, 88 percent of Kansas voters indicated that the future of democracy was an important consideration in the election.

Forty-six percent said it was the single most important factor in determining their vote and 42 percent said it was an important factor but not necessarily the most important.

Usually at this point in the discussion, I guide my students to think about what can be done to preserve and rebuild American democracy.

Political civility always comes up… or as the current case may be, the increasing lack of civility.

Civility is a social norm based on widely shared beliefs about how individuals should behave. Examples of political civility include things like the ability of citizens to express differences of opinion during political discussions without losing respect for one another.

The primary struggle with civility is that determining it means judging one’s character and motives. But when it comes to people who disagree with us, humans are remarkably poor judges.

The 2022 exit polls portray this dilemma perfectly.

Let’s consider rhetoric that leads to violence as an extreme example of incivility.

Fifty-seven percent of Kansas voters said the way Democrats talk about politics is leading to an increase in acts of violence. Republicans? Also 57 percent.

While 24 percent of voters pointed to both Republican and Democratic rhetoric as being responsible for an increase in violence, another 33 percent said Democrats, but not Republicans, are responsible. A further 33 percent said Republicans, but not Democrats, are responsible.

People’s assessment of political behavior is heavily influenced by their partisan allegiances.

Political science research has found that people tend to approve of what their side does and disapprove of the actions of the other side. Even if both sides engage in the same objectionable political behavior.

Political civility is a two-way street, which is exactly what makes it so difficult.

Polling from the Pew Research Center has found people often perceive those with opposing political views to be untrustworthy, close-minded, dishonest, and unpatriotic.

In other words, our partisan divisions make it incredibly challenging to view our political rivals in a positive light.

This is even more burdensome when many of today’s political issues are so intertwined with questions of human rights.

Not every issue can or should be compromised on. Though what we are losing, it seems, is the ability to determine when we should employ civility over disruption.

Democracy is inherently messy, inefficient and conflict-ridden. Thus, it is imperative for citizens to be forced to wrestle with deep, values-based differences in opinion and to engage in negotiations that end in compromise, even though it may leave all parties slightly unsatisfied with the outcome.

Without these skills, we’re in big trouble.

Without political civility, we cannot overcome the polarization that is tearing our democracy apart.

Only through civility can people with different lived experiences come together and engage in the inclusive decision-making required for a robust and stable democracy.

Alexandra Middlewood, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of political science at Wichita State University.

We have just celebrated 247 years of American independence — though it’s no secret that the United States has suffered an erosion of democratic norms and institutions in recent years.This is reflected in rising political polarization, extremism, partisan pressure on the electoral process, and growing disparities in wealth, economic opportunity and political influence.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/10/1633377761670.jpeg" alt="Alexandra Middlewood" />
 <figcaption>Alexandra Middlewood</figcaption>
 </figure>As a political science professor, I often discuss this topic with my students.We discuss “Big Thoughts” on American democracy. We start at the foundation and ponder whether it’s worth saving and inevitably come to a consensus that it is, though perhaps with some disagreement on potential changes to the current governing structure.A vast majority of Kansans seem to agree that democracy is valuable.In exit polls conducted for Fox News during the 2022 election, 88 percent of Kansas voters indicated that the future of democracy was an important consideration in the election.Forty-six percent said it was the single most important factor in determining their vote and 42 percent said it was an important factor but not necessarily the most important.Usually at this point in the discussion, I guide my students to think about what can be done to preserve and rebuild American democracy.Political civility always comes up… or as the current case may be, the increasing lack of civility.Civility is a social norm based on widely shared beliefs about how individuals should behave. Examples of political civility include things like the ability of citizens to express differences of opinion during political discussions without losing respect for one another.The primary struggle with civility is that determining it means judging one’s character and motives. But when it comes to people who disagree with us, humans are remarkably poor judges.The 2022 exit polls portray this dilemma perfectly.Let’s consider rhetoric that leads to violence as an extreme example of incivility.Fifty-seven percent of Kansas voters said the way Democrats talk about politics is leading to an increase in acts of violence. Republicans? Also 57 percent.While 24 percent of voters pointed to both Republican and Democratic rhetoric as being responsible for an increase in violence, another 33 percent said Democrats, but not Republicans, are responsible. A further 33 percent said Republicans, but not Democrats, are responsible.People’s assessment of political behavior is heavily influenced by their partisan allegiances.Political science research has found that people tend to approve of what their side does and disapprove of the actions of the other side. Even if both sides engage in the same objectionable political behavior.Political civility is a two-way street, which is exactly what makes it so difficult.Polling from the Pew Research Center has found people often perceive those with opposing political views to be untrustworthy, close-minded, dishonest, and unpatriotic.In other words, our partisan divisions make it incredibly challenging to view our political rivals in a positive light.This is even more burdensome when many of today’s political issues are so intertwined with questions of human rights.Not every issue can or should be compromised on. Though what we are losing, it seems, is the ability to determine when we should employ civility over disruption.Democracy is inherently messy, inefficient and conflict-ridden. Thus, it is imperative for citizens to be forced to wrestle with deep, values-based differences in opinion and to engage in negotiations that end in compromise, even though it may leave all parties slightly unsatisfied with the outcome.Without these skills, we’re in big trouble.Without political civility, we cannot overcome the polarization that is tearing our democracy apart.Only through civility can people with different lived experiences come together and engage in the inclusive decision-making required for a robust and stable democracy.Alexandra Middlewood, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of political science at Wichita State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Celebrating Independence Day with big thoughts on democracy

By TISA MASON Fort Hays State University

We think big. We solve problems. We seek and confront challenges and embrace strategic risks that turn great ideas into exceptional pathways.&nbsp;These are the descriptors of our core values, innovation, and entrepreneurship. I am so inspired by my colleagues who embody our innovative spirit, and I am pleased to share a couple of projects.

Degree in Three: Tourism and Hospitality Management. Stacey Smith and Karen Thal are delivering a specific plan of study that promotes a three-year degree in tourism and hospitality management. A three-year bachelor’s degree option accelerates the traditional undergraduate process. With an academically rigorous schedule, students save time and reach the workforce earlier while gaining the skills and experience needed for a successful career. Students are required to complete an industry internship as part of the program. So, not only will they be done in three years, but they will have completed industry work experience or an industry project.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the U.S. economy to add 8.3 million jobs from 2021 to 2031. Of those, 1.9 million jobs—23.1 percent of all new jobs projected—are expected to be in leisure and hospitality. That is a significant projected increase for a sector that made up 8.9 percent of total employment in 2021. This rapid projected growth—the fastest of any industry, at an annual rate of 1.3 percent—results from the recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Students may start this three-year program this fall.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/tourism-hospitality-management">https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/tourism-hospitality-management</a>

Economic Justice and Advocacy Certificate:&nbsp;Teaming up to lead this innovation, Rachel Dolechek and Ziwei Qi are creating a network of individuals who can actively support and advocate for survivors of gender-based violence by equipping business professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge. One of the critical areas of focus within the certificate program is financial empowerment.&nbsp;

Participants will learn strategies to help survivors gain financial independence and stability, such as understanding the impact of violence on economic well-being, providing resources for financial assistance, promoting financial literacy, and creating trauma-informed workplaces and accommodations. By addressing the financial barriers that survivors often face, the program helps to empower survivors and develop pathways for economic self-sufficiency.

Participants can begin the certificate program in the fall of 2023. Scholarships are available.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/economic-justice-advocacy/certificate">https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/economic-justice-advocacy/certificate.&nbsp;</a>

Exercise is Medicine-On Campus (EIM-OC):&nbsp;Faculty from our Health and Human Performance (HHP) department, led by Emily Washburn, are creating Exercise is Medicine-On Campus, a program developed by the American College of Sports Medicine. The vision of this program is to see all campus and community members across multiple disciplines discover, share, and adopt behaviors to promote a culture of physical activity and chronic disease prevention and management.

Physical inactivity is a fast-growing public health problem and contributes to various chronic diseases and health complications. HHP professionals love creating relationships with people that facilitate positivity and joy around physical activity and movement.

By implementing EIM-OC at FHSU, we can focus more on physical activity to provide health benefits and disease prevention for all community members – faculty, staff, and students. This program will offer HHP undergraduate and graduate students first-hand experience facilitating EIM-OC program elements.

During this past year, the Division of student affairs launched WellTiges to encourage employee health and well-being. The program is designed to help people develop habits that turn into healthy choices. The multi-dimension plan focuses on nutritional, social, physical, occupational, financial, and mental health. The program has been very successful and will partner with EIM-OC as we expand employee well-being initiatives.

Interactive Learning Spaces:&nbsp;Imagine a virtual field trip where students can interact with the environment and each other. Nathan Riedel is working with two faculty partners, Tara Phelps-Durr, biology, and Todd Moore, geoscience, to create a digital space that allows faculty to design interactive and collaborative student learning experiences. The biology project explores mitosis (cell division), while the geoscience project focuses on the elements that create a tornado and provides ways for students to interact with and manipulate the learning content.

This project is based on our belief that the path forward for online education is bridging the gap between what’s possible online and in real life. We want students to feel immersed in their learning, not viewing it from the outside. We want them to be excited about online learning experiences.

The key to this innovation is building a scalable and sustainable infrastructure so that all our faculty can easily develop their own similar class interactive experiences.

Tiger Money Mentors:&nbsp;Christina Glenn, finance professor, is creating Tiger Money Mentors. In this peer-financial counseling program, money-savvy students are trained to provide one-on-one financial education to students who have questions about their personal finances, as well as to provide group financial education to student organizations and classes that might benefit from training on specific financial topics, such as budgeting, student loan debt, credit cards, navigating decisions related to job offers, and making a financial plan for college and beyond. This benefits not only the students seeking counseling but also the money mentors gain experience working with clients and public speaking.&nbsp;

Often young adults need to be provided with the knowledge they need to manage their finances before arriving at college, and their decisions regarding saving, spending, taking on debt, and investing will impact their future significantly.&nbsp;

Research shows that 74 percent of Americans get financial advice from TikTok, YouTube, and Facebook – much of that information is inaccurate. They must have a resource to guide them in making sound financial decisions to set them up for success during and after college.&nbsp;

Coupled with the lack of financial knowledge, financial stress is prevalent among young adults, with finances being a significant factor in the number of credit hours a student takes each semester and even in their decision to continue college. Often students feel the need to choose between school and work, which impacts their academic success.&nbsp;

Beginning in the fall 2023, Tiger Money Mentors will help students gain knowledge and skills that pertain to their unique personal finance situations and hopefully come away with a plan to reduce the financial stress and anxiety that many college students face, reduce student loan borrowing, and feel more confident about their financial future. We want students to feel empowered to take control of their financial situation and not give up on their academic goals.&nbsp;

Virtual Arctic Field Trip: Sternberg Museum Science Camps Director David Levering is working with Laura Wilson, geoscience professor, to create a virtual field trip to the Arctic. Students will explore an Arctic research station, modern Arctic geology, and climate science and travel back in time to explore the Arctic region as it looked millions of years ago. The time travel will allow a more direct presentation of how and why the climate has changed dramatically. The course will be available to students for the spring 2024 semester.

By TISA MASON Fort Hays State UniversityWe think big. We solve problems. We seek and confront challenges and embrace strategic risks that turn great ideas into exceptional pathways.&nbsp;These are the descriptors of our core values, innovation, and entrepreneurship. I am so inspired by my colleagues who embody our innovative spirit, and I am pleased to share a couple of projects.Degree in Three: Tourism and Hospitality Management. Stacey Smith and Karen Thal are delivering a specific plan of study that promotes a three-year degree in tourism and hospitality management. A three-year bachelor’s degree option accelerates the traditional undergraduate process. With an academically rigorous schedule, students save time and reach the workforce earlier while gaining the skills and experience needed for a successful career. Students are required to complete an industry internship as part of the program. So, not only will they be done in three years, but they will have completed industry work experience or an industry project.The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the U.S. economy to add 8.3 million jobs from 2021 to 2031. Of those, 1.9 million jobs—23.1 percent of all new jobs projected—are expected to be in leisure and hospitality. That is a significant projected increase for a sector that made up 8.9 percent of total employment in 2021. This rapid projected growth—the fastest of any industry, at an annual rate of 1.3 percent—results from the recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic.Students may start this three-year program this fall.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/tourism-hospitality-management">https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/tourism-hospitality-management</a>Economic Justice and Advocacy Certificate:&nbsp;Teaming up to lead this innovation, Rachel Dolechek and Ziwei Qi are creating a network of individuals who can actively support and advocate for survivors of gender-based violence by equipping business professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge. One of the critical areas of focus within the certificate program is financial empowerment.&nbsp;Participants will learn strategies to help survivors gain financial independence and stability, such as understanding the impact of violence on economic well-being, providing resources for financial assistance, promoting financial literacy, and creating trauma-informed workplaces and accommodations. By addressing the financial barriers that survivors often face, the program helps to empower survivors and develop pathways for economic self-sufficiency.Participants can begin the certificate program in the fall of 2023. Scholarships are available.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/economic-justice-advocacy/certificate">https://www.fhsu.edu/academic/programs/economic-justice-advocacy/certificate.&nbsp;</a>Exercise is Medicine-On Campus (EIM-OC):&nbsp;Faculty from our Health and Human Performance (HHP) department, led by Emily Washburn, are creating Exercise is Medicine-On Campus, a program developed by the American College of Sports Medicine. The vision of this program is to see all campus and community members across multiple disciplines discover, share, and adopt behaviors to promote a culture of physical activity and chronic disease prevention and management.Physical inactivity is a fast-growing public health problem and contributes to various chronic diseases and health complications. HHP professionals love creating relationships with people that facilitate positivity and joy around physical activity and movement.By implementing EIM-OC at FHSU, we can focus more on physical activity to provide health benefits and disease prevention for all community members – faculty, staff, and students. This program will offer HHP undergraduate and graduate students first-hand experience facilitating EIM-OC program elements.During this past year, the Division of student affairs launched WellTiges to encourage employee health and well-being. The program is designed to help people develop habits that turn into healthy choices. The multi-dimension plan focuses on nutritional, social, physical, occupational, financial, and mental health. The program has been very successful and will partner with EIM-OC as we expand employee well-being initiatives.Interactive Learning Spaces:&nbsp;Imagine a virtual field trip where students can interact with the environment and each other. Nathan Riedel is working with two faculty partners, Tara Phelps-Durr, biology, and Todd Moore, geoscience, to create a digital space that allows faculty to design interactive and collaborative student learning experiences. The biology project explores mitosis (cell division), while the geoscience project focuses on the elements that create a tornado and provides ways for students to interact with and manipulate the learning content.This project is based on our belief that the path forward for online education is bridging the gap between what’s possible online and in real life. We want students to feel immersed in their learning, not viewing it from the outside. We want them to be excited about online learning experiences.The key to this innovation is building a scalable and sustainable infrastructure so that all our faculty can easily develop their own similar class interactive experiences.Tiger Money Mentors:&nbsp;Christina Glenn, finance professor, is creating Tiger Money Mentors. In this peer-financial counseling program, money-savvy students are trained to provide one-on-one financial education to students who have questions about their personal finances, as well as to provide group financial education to student organizations and classes that might benefit from training on specific financial topics, such as budgeting, student loan debt, credit cards, navigating decisions related to job offers, and making a financial plan for college and beyond. This benefits not only the students seeking counseling but also the money mentors gain experience working with clients and public speaking.&nbsp;Often young adults need to be provided with the knowledge they need to manage their finances before arriving at college, and their decisions regarding saving, spending, taking on debt, and investing will impact their future significantly.&nbsp;Research shows that 74 percent of Americans get financial advice from TikTok, YouTube, and Facebook – much of that information is inaccurate. They must have a resource to guide them in making sound financial decisions to set them up for success during and after college.&nbsp;Coupled with the lack of financial knowledge, financial stress is prevalent among young adults, with finances being a significant factor in the number of credit hours a student takes each semester and even in their decision to continue college. Often students feel the need to choose between school and work, which impacts their academic success.&nbsp;Beginning in the fall 2023, Tiger Money Mentors will help students gain knowledge and skills that pertain to their unique personal finance situations and hopefully come away with a plan to reduce the financial stress and anxiety that many college students face, reduce student loan borrowing, and feel more confident about their financial future. We want students to feel empowered to take control of their financial situation and not give up on their academic goals.&nbsp;Virtual Arctic Field Trip: Sternberg Museum Science Camps Director David Levering is working with Laura Wilson, geoscience professor, to create a virtual field trip to the Arctic. Students will explore an Arctic research station, modern Arctic geology, and climate science and travel back in time to explore the Arctic region as it looked millions of years ago. The time travel will allow a more direct presentation of how and why the climate has changed dramatically. The course will be available to students for the spring 2024 semester.

Heart of the Tiger: Sharing innovative projects

By RUSSELL ARBEN FOX WSU

There’s a mayoral election taking place in Wichita, Kansas’s largest stand-alone city, right now. Also, strikes have been declared at Spirit AeroSystems, Wichita’s largest single employer, and Ascension Via Christi, the city’s largest hospital. What does all this have in common?

Potentially many things. The business slowdowns, budget deficits, and unemployment which any labor unrest may contribute to, are obviously all topics that people seeking political office are going to have to struggle with. And similarly, the positions taken by a city’s mayor can play a large role in determining how and when strikes or contract negotiations may be resolved. So, these topics are going to be entwined in Wichita, as they would in any community.

But there is another similarity between them, one that isn’t often noticed, but which I think lurks behind the scenes in how we approach either an election or a strike. When voters organize in support of someone running for political office, or when workers organize and make collective demands of their employer, we are seeing “factions” at work.

The concept of a faction—people who act together in support of their shared interests—has a storied place in our constitutional order. For much of history, factions were seen as poisonous; the assumption was that if people organized around particular agendas, there could be no united, “common” good. This meant societies had to stay small and simple and homogeneous, so as to prevent the factional temptation. But James Madison defended the proposed U.S. Constitution in part by insisting that factions were a natural result of human freedom. The goal shouldn’t be to prevent them, but to expand and include them, and seek to manage their effects instead.

Madisonian pluralism can be criticized, but it remains the way the American system usually looks upon factional differences. When employees have differences with how they are treated by their employers, they can organize into unions and make demands, including through strikes. True, many are suspicious of unions, and the Republican party, both nationally and in Kansas, has often opposed them. But even with the challenges the striking machinists and nurses might pose to Wichita’s economy, none of the candidates for mayor, including the Republican ones, spoke against the strikers as a faction (though some were more supportive than others).

It is odd that our recognition of factional differences on the factory or hospital floor often disappears, though. When it comes to City Hall. As I wrote above, there are Republicans running for Wichita’s mayor, as well as a Democrat and a Libertarian and unaffiliated candidates, which shouldn’t surprise anyone. Yet when it comes to local elections—in contrast to national and state ones—many share the belief that “partisanship” (which can just mean thinking and acting factionally, in support of the interests of one’s supporters) is poisonous, like was assumed by many long ago.

Parties can be corrupt, of course—in the same way unions, or for that matter businesses, can be. Institutional collusion and self-interest within any kind of faction or organization warrants being called out for such. But as the Wichita mayoral race moves forward, it will be interesting to see which candidates, if any, will be forthright--like the striking machinists and nurses have been--in defense of the factions they represent and the particular agenda they offer to voters, and which will instead insist that specific shared interests must be set aside in the name of a “unified” good.

Madison had some doubts about that approach, centuries ago; there are good reasons for us to doubt it still today.

Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1586443443315.jpeg" alt="Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By RUSSELL ARBEN FOX WSU There’s a mayoral election taking place in Wichita, Kansas’s largest stand-alone city, right now. Also, strikes have been declared at Spirit AeroSystems, Wichita’s largest single employer, and Ascension Via Christi, the city’s largest hospital. What does all this have in common?Potentially many things. The business slowdowns, budget deficits, and unemployment which any labor unrest may contribute to, are obviously all topics that people seeking political office are going to have to struggle with. And similarly, the positions taken by a city’s mayor can play a large role in determining how and when strikes or contract negotiations may be resolved. So, these topics are going to be entwined in Wichita, as they would in any community.But there is another similarity between them, one that isn’t often noticed, but which I think lurks behind the scenes in how we approach either an election or a strike. When voters organize in support of someone running for political office, or when workers organize and make collective demands of their employer, we are seeing “factions” at work.The concept of a faction—people who act together in support of their shared interests—has a storied place in our constitutional order. For much of history, factions were seen as poisonous; the assumption was that if people organized around particular agendas, there could be no united, “common” good. This meant societies had to stay small and simple and homogeneous, so as to prevent the factional temptation. But James Madison defended the proposed U.S. Constitution in part by insisting that factions were a natural result of human freedom. The goal shouldn’t be to prevent them, but to expand and include them, and seek to manage their effects instead.Madisonian pluralism can be criticized, but it remains the way the American system usually looks upon factional differences. When employees have differences with how they are treated by their employers, they can organize into unions and make demands, including through strikes. True, many are suspicious of unions, and the Republican party, both nationally and in Kansas, has often opposed them. But even with the challenges the striking machinists and nurses might pose to Wichita’s economy, none of the candidates for mayor, including the Republican ones, spoke against the strikers as a faction (though some were more supportive than others).It is odd that our recognition of factional differences on the factory or hospital floor often disappears, though. When it comes to City Hall. As I wrote above, there are Republicans running for Wichita’s mayor, as well as a Democrat and a Libertarian and unaffiliated candidates, which shouldn’t surprise anyone. Yet when it comes to local elections—in contrast to national and state ones—many share the belief that “partisanship” (which can just mean thinking and acting factionally, in support of the interests of one’s supporters) is poisonous, like was assumed by many long ago.Parties can be corrupt, of course—in the same way unions, or for that matter businesses, can be. Institutional collusion and self-interest within any kind of faction or organization warrants being called out for such. But as the Wichita mayoral race moves forward, it will be interesting to see which candidates, if any, will be forthright--like the striking machinists and nurses have been--in defense of the factions they represent and the particular agenda they offer to voters, and which will instead insist that specific shared interests must be set aside in the name of a “unified” good.Madison had some doubts about that approach, centuries ago; there are good reasons for us to doubt it still today.Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

INSIGHT KANSAS: On unions, factions, and elections

By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood District

Do you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.

1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.

2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.

3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.

As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle.

 So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).

1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood DistrictDo you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle. So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Summertime sleeplessness

By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood District

Hearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.

The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.

“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”

Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.

“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.

Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.

“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”

He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.

And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.

“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.

“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”

To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.

“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.

Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.

“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.

More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood DistrictHearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.So how is empathy developed?“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Help young children develop empathy

According to <a href="https://hayslibrary.evanced.info/signup/Calendar/eventcalendar.asp?et=8,32" target="_blank">its website</a>, Hays Public Library offers plenty of activities for pre-K and elementary school-aged kids in the children’s department. Something else it offers? A large wall display featuring books about sexuality.&nbsp;

Examples include “<a href="https://tlc.hayslibrary.org/?config=bookmobile#section=resource&amp;resourceid=933458082&amp;currentIndex=0&amp;view=fullDetailsDetailsTab" target="_blank">Trans+: Love, Sex, Romance, and Being You</a>,” which purports to be an “uncensored guide for teens who are transgender, nonbinary, gender-nonconforming, or gender-fluid.” It also provides advice on “relationships, sex, and life as a trans or nonbinary individual.” Keep in mind, this is featured in an area of the library where many patrons are a decade below the age of consent.&nbsp;

What you won’t find, however, are books like “Johnny the Walrus” or “Elephants Are Not Birds,” both of which encourage children to accept their bodies as they are. While this message has always been valuable, it has become even more important in recent years. That’s evident from the growing number of young detransitioners—individuals who underwent “gender affirming care” as minors, only to later realize they made an irreversible mistake.&nbsp;

One of them is Kayla Lovdahl, an 18-year-old old California woman who is suing the Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and four doctors for removing her breasts when she was just 13. The New York Post&nbsp;<a href="https://nypost.com/2023/06/17/woman-sues-hospital-for-removing-her-breasts-when-she-was-13-years-old/" target="_blank">quotes</a>&nbsp;her lawsuit as alleging that “they essentially handed Kayla the prescription pad, and allowed her naïve, emotional, childish, rollercoaster of feelings to dictate the so-called ‘treatment’ that she would receive.”

Meanwhile, fellow teenage detransitioner Chloe Cole <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/former-trans-kid-shares-pain-suffering-mutilating-gender-affirming-care-ive-gotten-no-help" target="_blank">recounted</a>&nbsp;to Fox News in February how she was put on puberty blockers and testosterone at 13 before undergoing a double mastectomy at 15.&nbsp;

According to <a href="https://hayslibrary.evanced.info/signup/Calendar/eventcalendar.asp?et=8,32" target="_blank">its website</a>, Hays Public Library offers plenty of activities for pre-K and elementary school-aged kids in the children’s department. Something else it offers? A large wall display featuring books about sexuality.&nbsp;Examples include “<a href="https://tlc.hayslibrary.org/?config=bookmobile#section=resource&amp;resourceid=933458082&amp;currentIndex=0&amp;view=fullDetailsDetailsTab" target="_blank">Trans+: Love, Sex, Romance, and Being You</a>,” which purports to be an “uncensored guide for teens who are transgender, nonbinary, gender-nonconforming, or gender-fluid.” It also provides advice on “relationships, sex, and life as a trans or nonbinary individual.” Keep in mind, this is featured in an area of the library where many patrons are a decade below the age of consent.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582312931775.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>What you won’t find, however, are books like “Johnny the Walrus” or “Elephants Are Not Birds,” both of which encourage children to accept their bodies as they are. While this message has always been valuable, it has become even more important in recent years. That’s evident from the growing number of young detransitioners—individuals who underwent “gender affirming care” as minors, only to later realize they made an irreversible mistake.&nbsp;One of them is Kayla Lovdahl, an 18-year-old old California woman who is suing the Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and four doctors for removing her breasts when she was just 13. The New York Post&nbsp;<a href="https://nypost.com/2023/06/17/woman-sues-hospital-for-removing-her-breasts-when-she-was-13-years-old/" target="_blank">quotes</a>&nbsp;her lawsuit as alleging that “they essentially handed Kayla the prescription pad, and allowed her naïve, emotional, childish, rollercoaster of feelings to dictate the so-called ‘treatment’ that she would receive.”Meanwhile, fellow teenage detransitioner Chloe Cole <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/former-trans-kid-shares-pain-suffering-mutilating-gender-affirming-care-ive-gotten-no-help" target="_blank">recounted</a>&nbsp;to Fox News in February how she was put on puberty blockers and testosterone at 13 before undergoing a double mastectomy at 15.&nbsp;"Because of the testosterone, I have permanent changes to my bone structure that cannot be reversed,” she said. “And I have issues with my urinary tract, but I'm not sure whether I'll be able to conceive a child or be able to safely carry to term or to birth. And because of the mastectomy, I'll never be able to breastfeed."Stories like theirs illustrate why so many parents have grown increasingly worried about radical gender ideology. It also makes clear why some are no longer comfortable with sending their kids to the library. Because while it claims to be a place “for the entire community,” those of us who want to protect our children clearly aren’t welcome.&nbsp;&nbsp;Adam Peters, Ellis County Republican Party ChairmanEditor's note: Letters to the editor to the Hays Post must meet certain criteria for publication. They must be signed by an individual, contain factual information, be on a topic of local concern and be from someone in the local area. They must not have vulgar content or contain personal attacks.Letters or questions on the letter policy can be submitted to admin@hayspost.com

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