Some producers may be anxious this year to find out the germination percent of the wheat they harvest, to see if it will make suitable seed. 

If they do a home germination test too soon after harvest, they may be shocked at the low germination percentage – unless the test is done correctly. That’s because wheat has a post-harvest dormancy requirement (some varieties more so than others). Even high-quality seed will not germinate at its maximum capacity right after harvest in most cases. This post-harvest dormancy is important to help decrease the chances of pre-harvest sprouting in case harvest is delayed due to weather conditions or other reasons.

To get around that, for the first several weeks after harvest, it’s important to make sure the wheat is pre-chilled before taking a germination test. Any reputable seed lab will do that on a routine basis. Producers testing their seed at home should also pre-chill the wheat by planting it and putting it in the refrigerator at about 40 degrees for five days. If the seed is not pre-chilled, producers should wait a month and a half after harvest before testing for germination.

There is some difference among varieties regarding how long their post-harvest dormancy requirement is – so much so that some varieties are more prone to pre-harvest sprouting. 

Hard white wheat varieties with poor sprouting tolerance, for example, have almost no summer dormancy requirement. They will germinate almost as soon as the seed is harvested. Other varieties have a relatively long summer dormancy requirement, and may not germinate well for five or six weeks after harvest unless the seed is pre-chilled. By Labor Day, all varieties will have lost their summer dormancy and should germinate unless the seed is defective in some way.

If there is any question about the viability of the seed, it is well worth the cost to have the seed tested for germination by a professional seed laboratory. This is especially true in areas where there was freeze damage, severe drought or heat stresses during grain filling, a rain delay at harvest, or wheat head scab.

Professional lab testing -having your seed professionally tested for germination is always a good practice - but with the severe drought and heat stress on the wheat crop in many areas this year, it is highly recommended. 

To have an official germination test on the seed, send a two-pound sample to: Kansas Crop Improvement Association &nbsp;2000 Kimball Ave. Manhattan, KS 66502

A germination test for non-members of KCIA will cost $20.00 and a sample submittal form can be printed off from the KCIA website: <a href="https://www.kscrop.org/seed-lab.html">www.kscrop.org/seed-lab.html</a>

Other seed quality tests are also available and are listed on the submittal form. A companion article in this eUpdate discusses the Accelerated Aging test that can help identify weak seed lots beyond the standard germination test.

If you want to do a germination test at home go to our web site <a href="http://www.cottonwood@ksu.edu">www.cottonwood@ksu.edu</a> and click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics for the details of how to conduct it properly.

Information provided by Eric Fabrizius, Kansas Crop Improvement Association and Romulo Lollato, Extension Wheat and Forages Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;Courtesy photo&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;Courtesy photo&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Some producers may be anxious this year to find out the germination percent of the wheat they harvest, to see if it will make suitable seed. If they do a home germination test too soon after harvest, they may be shocked at the low germination percentage – unless the test is done correctly. That’s because wheat has a post-harvest dormancy requirement (some varieties more so than others). Even high-quality seed will not germinate at its maximum capacity right after harvest in most cases. This post-harvest dormancy is important to help decrease the chances of pre-harvest sprouting in case harvest is delayed due to weather conditions or other reasons.To get around that, for the first several weeks after harvest, it’s important to make sure the wheat is pre-chilled before taking a germination test. Any reputable seed lab will do that on a routine basis. Producers testing their seed at home should also pre-chill the wheat by planting it and putting it in the refrigerator at about 40 degrees for five days. If the seed is not pre-chilled, producers should wait a month and a half after harvest before testing for germination.There is some difference among varieties regarding how long their post-harvest dormancy requirement is – so much so that some varieties are more prone to pre-harvest sprouting. Hard white wheat varieties with poor sprouting tolerance, for example, have almost no summer dormancy requirement. They will germinate almost as soon as the seed is harvested. Other varieties have a relatively long summer dormancy requirement, and may not germinate well for five or six weeks after harvest unless the seed is pre-chilled. By Labor Day, all varieties will have lost their summer dormancy and should germinate unless the seed is defective in some way.If there is any question about the viability of the seed, it is well worth the cost to have the seed tested for germination by a professional seed laboratory. This is especially true in areas where there was freeze damage, severe drought or heat stresses during grain filling, a rain delay at harvest, or wheat head scab.Professional lab testing -having your seed professionally tested for germination is always a good practice - but with the severe drought and heat stress on the wheat crop in many areas this year, it is highly recommended. To have an official germination test on the seed, send a two-pound sample to: Kansas Crop Improvement Association &nbsp;2000 Kimball Ave. Manhattan, KS 66502A germination test for non-members of KCIA will cost $20.00 and a sample submittal form can be printed off from the KCIA website: <a href="https://www.kscrop.org/seed-lab.html">www.kscrop.org/seed-lab.html</a>Other seed quality tests are also available and are listed on the submittal form. A companion article in this eUpdate discusses the Accelerated Aging test that can help identify weak seed lots beyond the standard germination test. If you want to do a germination test at home go to our web site <a href="http://www.cottonwood@ksu.edu">www.cottonwood@ksu.edu</a> and click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics for the details of how to conduct it properly.Information provided by Eric Fabrizius, Kansas Crop Improvement Association and Romulo Lollato, Extension Wheat and Forages Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Germination tests for wheat seed at home and professional lab

In Wichita, Topeka, and elsewhere across Kansas, the municipal election cycle is underway. 

Candidates for city council and school board seats and mayor will be selected in the primary elections which will conclude on Tuesday, August 1. For those few Kansans involved in these races, whether as candidates or supporters or observers, here’s a primer on how they are (and aren’t) changing.

The most important basic electoral reality in local elections is the word I just used: “few.” Even as voter turnout has trended upwards nationwide, participation in municipal elections seems likely to remain very low. 

When mayoral candidates, who compete for city-wide pool of potential voters, are on the ballot, the primary elections may see only 10% of registered voters bothering to cast ballots; when you only have city council and school board members running in their distinct districts, overall turnout is almost always even less.

This means that candidates looking to advance to their respective general elections in November are trying to find ways to motivate a relatively tiny number of likely voters.

The decline in the social role which political parties once played has made this more difficult. Partisanship is, of course, widely condemned as interfering with the ability of elected representatives to compromise with one another—and looking at our national government, the evidence in support to that condemnation is plentiful.

But at the same time, parties are the greatest political tool yet invented for helping busy citizens, especially during times of social unrest and confusion, to identify with other voters, interest groups, and ultimately candidates who share and represent best their own considered opinions. As much as people dislike the political polarization in America, that same fierce attachment to one’s chosen political tribe is part of what has been getting more citizens to vote nationwide.

Municipal elections in Kansas are, by state law, non-partisan. However, this has never stopped party-aligned organizations from promoting their preferred candidates for city council or school board—lately, more and more explicitly. 

In recent election cycles in Kansas, we’ve seen country, state, and even national Republican party and affiliated socially conservative or libertarian groups support—through donations, but also through mailers, phone banks, and more—local candidates (different Democratic groups have done the same, but not nearly so often or as well).

But whether this will result in any increase in turnout remains to be seen. There may simply be a hard ceiling on how many people can be engaged by arguments over classroom curricula, land development, and other city and school issues (especially during the summer). If that is the case, the unapologetic partisanship in how some candidates fund and develop their campaigns—however much they may avoid partisan language in favor of emphasizing broad, presumably unifying generalities—may merely result in a fair amount of partisan cannibalization.

The better funded Republican and Democratic municipal candidates, even if they don’t personally campaign as such, may split voters, attracting some that might have voted differently, looking at questions of civic experience and competence rather than party allegiance. 

For some local candidates, who may be committed members of their parties but also operating on the increasingly-dated assumption that local races needn’t have any connection to ideologically-affiliated money, interests, or causes, the potential eclipse of their detail-oriented arguments by well-connected candidates is frustrating.

Still, politics is always changing, and candidates must adapt. Ultimately, I have respect for every candidate who wades into these murky waters. Late into the night on August 1, I’ll be watching.

Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/7/1690389122282.jpeg" alt="An expert on local and urban democracy,&nbsp;Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>An expert on local and urban democracy,&nbsp;Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>In Wichita, Topeka, and elsewhere across Kansas, the municipal election cycle is underway. Candidates for city council and school board seats and mayor will be selected in the primary elections which will conclude on Tuesday, August 1. For those few Kansans involved in these races, whether as candidates or supporters or observers, here’s a primer on how they are (and aren’t) changing.The most important basic electoral reality in local elections is the word I just used: “few.” Even as voter turnout has trended upwards nationwide, participation in municipal elections seems likely to remain very low. When mayoral candidates, who compete for city-wide pool of potential voters, are on the ballot, the primary elections may see only 10% of registered voters bothering to cast ballots; when you only have city council and school board members running in their distinct districts, overall turnout is almost always even less.This means that candidates looking to advance to their respective general elections in November are trying to find ways to motivate a relatively tiny number of likely voters.The decline in the social role which political parties once played has made this more difficult. Partisanship is, of course, widely condemned as interfering with the ability of elected representatives to compromise with one another—and looking at our national government, the evidence in support to that condemnation is plentiful.But at the same time, parties are the greatest political tool yet invented for helping busy citizens, especially during times of social unrest and confusion, to identify with other voters, interest groups, and ultimately candidates who share and represent best their own considered opinions. As much as people dislike the political polarization in America, that same fierce attachment to one’s chosen political tribe is part of what has been getting more citizens to vote nationwide.Municipal elections in Kansas are, by state law, non-partisan. However, this has never stopped party-aligned organizations from promoting their preferred candidates for city council or school board—lately, more and more explicitly. In recent election cycles in Kansas, we’ve seen country, state, and even national Republican party and affiliated socially conservative or libertarian groups support—through donations, but also through mailers, phone banks, and more—local candidates (different Democratic groups have done the same, but not nearly so often or as well).But whether this will result in any increase in turnout remains to be seen. There may simply be a hard ceiling on how many people can be engaged by arguments over classroom curricula, land development, and other city and school issues (especially during the summer). If that is the case, the unapologetic partisanship in how some candidates fund and develop their campaigns—however much they may avoid partisan language in favor of emphasizing broad, presumably unifying generalities—may merely result in a fair amount of partisan cannibalization.The better funded Republican and Democratic municipal candidates, even if they don’t personally campaign as such, may split voters, attracting some that might have voted differently, looking at questions of civic experience and competence rather than party allegiance. For some local candidates, who may be committed members of their parties but also operating on the increasingly-dated assumption that local races needn’t have any connection to ideologically-affiliated money, interests, or causes, the potential eclipse of their detail-oriented arguments by well-connected candidates is frustrating.Still, politics is always changing, and candidates must adapt. Ultimately, I have respect for every candidate who wades into these murky waters. Late into the night on August 1, I’ll be watching.Dr. Russell Arben Fox teaches politics at Friends University in Wichita.

INSIGHT KANSAS: How municipal primaries are changing

July 26 marks the 33rd anniversary of the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act by President George H.W. Bush, a day recognized as National Disability Independence Day. 

This landmark piece of legislation requires that people with disabilities be treated with equal dignity and prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in schools, the workplace, transportation and all other public accommodations.

Appropriately, just a few days ago, we celebrated what would have been Bob Dole’s 100th birthday. 

Senator Dole lived for more than 76 years with the injuries he sustained while serving in Italy during World War II. His ability to empathize with others living with disabilities led him to help pass the ADA while serving as the Republican Leader in the U.S. Senate. 

Dole often listed passage of the ADA among his proudest accomplishments during his 27 years representing Kansas in the U.S. Senate.

While the ADA was groundbreaking for its progress toward disability independence, the Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Act, passed a little less than a decade ago, built on the ADA by opening up the opportunity for financial independence for Americans living with a disability. 

Under the ABLE Act, the Kansas State Treasurer’s Office offers people with disabilities ABLE accounts that they can use to save and invest their own funds. Money in an ABLE account is generally not counted as assets when determining eligibility for benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Medicaid.

Before the ABLE Act passed in 2014, people receiving SSI, Medicaid and many other federal benefits could only save up to $2,000 to remain qualified; this limit made reaching independence virtually impossible. 

The establishment of ABLE accounts provides a way around this limit. By using an ABLE account, people with disabilities can save up to $100,000 without losing their benefits. Like the ADA, the ABLE Act helps break down barriers restricting Americans living with disabilities.

Any interest earned on ABLE accounts is tax-deferred and withdrawals are tax-free if used for qualified disability expenses. Qualified expenses encompass a wide range of categories, including education, housing, transportation, health and wellness, basic living expenses, and many others.

To be eligible to open an ABLE account, the person’s disability must have onset before the age of 26. 

However, thanks to the recent passage of the ABLE Age Adjustment Act, that will increase to age 46 beginning January 1, 2026, making even more people eligible to save through an ABLE account.

Learn more about ABLE accounts or get started saving today at&nbsp;<a href="https://ks.savewithable.com/" target="_blank">https://KS.SaveWithABLE.com</a>.

Steven Johnson is the Kansas State Treasurer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/7/1690316416258.jpeg" alt="Steven Johnson is the Kansas State Treasurer." />
 <figcaption>Steven Johnson is the Kansas State Treasurer.</figcaption>
 </figure>July 26 marks the 33rd anniversary of the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act by President George H.W. Bush, a day recognized as National Disability Independence Day. This landmark piece of legislation requires that people with disabilities be treated with equal dignity and prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in schools, the workplace, transportation and all other public accommodations.Appropriately, just a few days ago, we celebrated what would have been Bob Dole’s 100th birthday. Senator Dole lived for more than 76 years with the injuries he sustained while serving in Italy during World War II. His ability to empathize with others living with disabilities led him to help pass the ADA while serving as the Republican Leader in the U.S. Senate. Dole often listed passage of the ADA among his proudest accomplishments during his 27 years representing Kansas in the U.S. Senate.While the ADA was groundbreaking for its progress toward disability independence, the Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Act, passed a little less than a decade ago, built on the ADA by opening up the opportunity for financial independence for Americans living with a disability. Under the ABLE Act, the Kansas State Treasurer’s Office offers people with disabilities ABLE accounts that they can use to save and invest their own funds. Money in an ABLE account is generally not counted as assets when determining eligibility for benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Medicaid.Before the ABLE Act passed in 2014, people receiving SSI, Medicaid and many other federal benefits could only save up to $2,000 to remain qualified; this limit made reaching independence virtually impossible. The establishment of ABLE accounts provides a way around this limit. By using an ABLE account, people with disabilities can save up to $100,000 without losing their benefits. Like the ADA, the ABLE Act helps break down barriers restricting Americans living with disabilities.Any interest earned on ABLE accounts is tax-deferred and withdrawals are tax-free if used for qualified disability expenses. Qualified expenses encompass a wide range of categories, including education, housing, transportation, health and wellness, basic living expenses, and many others.To be eligible to open an ABLE account, the person’s disability must have onset before the age of 26. However, thanks to the recent passage of the ABLE Age Adjustment Act, that will increase to age 46 beginning January 1, 2026, making even more people eligible to save through an ABLE account.Learn more about ABLE accounts or get started saving today at&nbsp;<a href="https://ks.savewithable.com/" target="_blank">https://KS.SaveWithABLE.com</a>.Steven Johnson is the Kansas State Treasurer.

JOHNSON: ABLE accounts offer financial independence for those with disability

I will apologize for my bluntness but I have to let my feelings be known. As most know I have been in law enforcement for over forty years. I have seen things that most people could not imagine, thus causing me to voice my concerns for the upcoming election.

 I am extremely concerned for the safety of our children if the YES vote would win. 

This vote would put our children at risk as they will have to be transported to schools farther away from where they are going right now. Our buses stand a greater chance of being in an accident due to road conditions such as rain, ice, and snow. Our older children that can drive will be in the same danger. 

I know that our children and adults text while they drive as I have tried to enforce this law. I know they will be texting while driving on a highway at higher speeds than in town thus elevating the chance of an accident. I have had to give notifications to family members for numerous reasons that a family member has been hurt or deceased. 

This is a tragic thing to do when it is a motor vehicle accident. The shock to the family is devastating as I have experienced it for myself. My mother was killed in a motor vehicle accident in 2008 and I received the information by phone. 

I think those responsible for this issue of ending the school district did not think this through as they are putting our children at risk, if this issue passes. 

I also have concerns about other issues this vote could cause but my main concern is for the safety of our children. I would ask that all of you that have children, grandchildren, or other family members think about&nbsp;this as you vote on this issue.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575913663048.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>I will apologize for my bluntness but I have to let my feelings be known. As most know I have been in law enforcement for over forty years. I have seen things that most people could not imagine, thus causing me to voice my concerns for the upcoming election. I am extremely concerned for the safety of our children if the YES vote would win. This vote would put our children at risk as they will have to be transported to schools farther away from where they are going right now. Our buses stand a greater chance of being in an accident due to road conditions such as rain, ice, and snow. Our older children that can drive will be in the same danger. I know that our children and adults text while they drive as I have tried to enforce this law. I know they will be texting while driving on a highway at higher speeds than in town thus elevating the chance of an accident. I have had to give notifications to family members for numerous reasons that a family member has been hurt or deceased. This is a tragic thing to do when it is a motor vehicle accident. The shock to the family is devastating as I have experienced it for myself. My mother was killed in a motor vehicle accident in 2008 and I received the information by phone. I think those responsible for this issue of ending the school district did not think this through as they are putting our children at risk, if this issue passes. I also have concerns about other issues this vote could cause but my main concern is for the safety of our children. I would ask that all of you that have children, grandchildren, or other family members think about&nbsp;this as you vote on this issue.- Gary D. Vaughan, Claflin

Letter to the Editor: Concern for children's safety in USD 112 vote

It’s hard to believe that July 25 marks my one-year anniversary of becoming an extension agent. This year went by so fast! I’ve been so blessed by making the move to K-State Research and Extension. I love my job and have gotten to do so many fun things this past year. 

I started right after the Ellis County Fair last year, and as I sit here writing this, we are wrapping up my first county fair as an extension agent.

 I have been so impressed by the youth in our community. Watching the kids work with their animals, make projects, and helping out in the food stand has been such a pleasure. So many volunteers work hard to bring the Ellis County Fair together.

One of the things that is so enjoyable about my job is no two days are ever the same. Some days are office days and other days I don’t see my office. 

You never know what question will come in either by phone, email or in person at the office. Questions are great because if I don’t know the answer then I do the research to get the answer. It is safe to say I learn something new every day. Hearing what other people are curious about makes my job interesting. Keep asking questions!

One of the highlights of my first year was the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy class held earlier this year. 

Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is a strength training class for older adults that helps them with balance, strength and flexibility. Sixteen men and women signed up for the class and not one person quit during the 8 weeks. They all finished! Now that is perseverance! Yes, life happens and throws us curveballs. Some participants had to miss a few classes, but they all finished. Not only did they all finish, but a group of them continued to meet and do the exercises on their own! We had so much fun during the class telling jokes and trying new recipes. I’m so thankful for these opportunities. Another class will begin in late August. Watch for the announcement.

Programming for older people has been a pleasure, and going into the schools has been fun also. Since my background is in early childhood, I really enjoy being able to go into the childcare setting, libraries and schools to deliver programming around health and nutrition. Glo-germ handwashing, field to fork, blender bike and organwise are a few of the programs I have offered for the youth.

I look forward to many more years as an extension agent and continuing to form relationships with community partners. 

Goals for my second year include offering more signature programs from K-State such as Walk with Ease, Dining with Diabetes and Med Instead of Meds. I will also get trained in Stay Strong, Stay Healthy, Level 2. Mental health programming and youth programming continue to be important as well.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>It’s hard to believe that July 25 marks my one-year anniversary of becoming an extension agent. This year went by so fast! I’ve been so blessed by making the move to K-State Research and Extension. I love my job and have gotten to do so many fun things this past year. I started right after the Ellis County Fair last year, and as I sit here writing this, we are wrapping up my first county fair as an extension agent. I have been so impressed by the youth in our community. Watching the kids work with their animals, make projects, and helping out in the food stand has been such a pleasure. So many volunteers work hard to bring the Ellis County Fair together.One of the things that is so enjoyable about my job is no two days are ever the same. Some days are office days and other days I don’t see my office. You never know what question will come in either by phone, email or in person at the office. Questions are great because if I don’t know the answer then I do the research to get the answer. It is safe to say I learn something new every day. Hearing what other people are curious about makes my job interesting. Keep asking questions!One of the highlights of my first year was the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy class held earlier this year. Stay Strong, Stay Healthy is a strength training class for older adults that helps them with balance, strength and flexibility. Sixteen men and women signed up for the class and not one person quit during the 8 weeks. They all finished! Now that is perseverance! Yes, life happens and throws us curveballs. Some participants had to miss a few classes, but they all finished. Not only did they all finish, but a group of them continued to meet and do the exercises on their own! We had so much fun during the class telling jokes and trying new recipes. I’m so thankful for these opportunities. Another class will begin in late August. Watch for the announcement.Programming for older people has been a pleasure, and going into the schools has been fun also. Since my background is in early childhood, I really enjoy being able to go into the childcare setting, libraries and schools to deliver programming around health and nutrition. Glo-germ handwashing, field to fork, blender bike and organwise are a few of the programs I have offered for the youth.I look forward to many more years as an extension agent and continuing to form relationships with community partners. Goals for my second year include offering more signature programs from K-State such as Walk with Ease, Dining with Diabetes and Med Instead of Meds. I will also get trained in Stay Strong, Stay Healthy, Level 2. Mental health programming and youth programming continue to be important as well.Thank you for a great first year!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: First year flies by as an extension agent

My name is J.D. Johnson. I am a local real estate agent with SalinaHomes.com and current&nbsp;president of the Great Plains Association of Realtors MLS. The Great Plains Association of&nbsp;Realtors (GPAR) proudly serves the communities of Salina, Great Bend, Russell, and all areas&nbsp;in between. I have been a Realtor for 10 years and have helped clients buy/sell real estate all over the state of Kansas.

I am writing you in regards to the upcoming vote on August 1st that deals with the&nbsp;disorganization of USD 112. 

After having sat in on multiple informational meetings throughout the area, listening to Kansas State Department of Education representatives, and even listening&nbsp;to surrounding school boards’ opinions on the subject, it is my personal and professional opinion that a “NO Vote” is a clear answer on what is best for our local communities.

A “Yes Vote”, disorganizing USD 112 and closing all schools within the district Wilson&nbsp;Elementary, Central Plains Elementary and Central Plains Jr./Sr. High School, would be&nbsp;absolutely devastating to all local businesses and economies within the district and in&nbsp;surrounding communities. 

In addition, almost all patrons would see a drastic increase in taxes due to the surrounding school districts’ much higher mill levies.

One important factor that I feel hasn’t been discussed or brought up enough when considering&nbsp;a Yes or No vote is the current real estate markets around the district. 

If the “Yes Vote” were to be successful, many unintended consequences would occur: Wilson Elementary in Wilson, Central Plains Elementary in Holyrood, and Central Plains Junior High/High School would all be closed on July 1, 2024. This would displace over 504 students who would then be assigned to surrounding districts. This would also cause 107 staff/employees to lose their jobs entirely. You would then see a mass exodus of people and families moving and leaving the area. Many would be in search of new jobs and some would be in search of new school districts that the families would be choosing rather than the state.

Regardless the reason, you will see many homes in all of these communities quickly become&nbsp;vacant. Now the question is, “Who will move into and fill these vacant homes?” 

With each and&nbsp;every one of these communities now without a school nor a school with 5-10 miles, all are now&nbsp;much less desirable for new residents with children and families. Many of these vacant homes&nbsp;would most likely remain vacant or become rentals, both would drastically hurt and impact the&nbsp;local real estate markets.

There are other avenues less drastic that can be taken to separate the communities in USD 112 (land transfers, lobbying to the state to adopt new policies that allows schools to separate peacefully, etc.) this does not involve destroying the entire area’s economic and real estate market. Everyone must think of the future of these communities and the families and children involved.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575913663048.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>My name is J.D. Johnson. I am a local real estate agent with SalinaHomes.com and current&nbsp;president of the Great Plains Association of Realtors MLS. The Great Plains Association of&nbsp;Realtors (GPAR) proudly serves the communities of Salina, Great Bend, Russell, and all areas&nbsp;in between. I have been a Realtor for 10 years and have helped clients buy/sell real estate all over the state of Kansas.I am writing you in regards to the upcoming vote on August 1st that deals with the&nbsp;disorganization of USD 112. After having sat in on multiple informational meetings throughout the area, listening to Kansas State Department of Education representatives, and even listening&nbsp;to surrounding school boards’ opinions on the subject, it is my personal and professional opinion that a “NO Vote” is a clear answer on what is best for our local communities.A “Yes Vote”, disorganizing USD 112 and closing all schools within the district Wilson&nbsp;Elementary, Central Plains Elementary and Central Plains Jr./Sr. High School, would be&nbsp;absolutely devastating to all local businesses and economies within the district and in&nbsp;surrounding communities. In addition, almost all patrons would see a drastic increase in taxes due to the surrounding school districts’ much higher mill levies.One important factor that I feel hasn’t been discussed or brought up enough when considering&nbsp;a Yes or No vote is the current real estate markets around the district. If the “Yes Vote” were to be successful, many unintended consequences would occur: Wilson Elementary in Wilson, Central Plains Elementary in Holyrood, and Central Plains Junior High/High School would all be closed on July 1, 2024. This would displace over 504 students who would then be assigned to surrounding districts. This would also cause 107 staff/employees to lose their jobs entirely. You would then see a mass exodus of people and families moving and leaving the area. Many would be in search of new jobs and some would be in search of new school districts that the families would be choosing rather than the state.Regardless the reason, you will see many homes in all of these communities quickly become&nbsp;vacant. Now the question is, “Who will move into and fill these vacant homes?” With each and&nbsp;every one of these communities now without a school nor a school with 5-10 miles, all are now&nbsp;much less desirable for new residents with children and families. Many of these vacant homes&nbsp;would most likely remain vacant or become rentals, both would drastically hurt and impact the&nbsp;local real estate markets.There are other avenues less drastic that can be taken to separate the communities in USD 112 (land transfers, lobbying to the state to adopt new policies that allows schools to separate peacefully, etc.) this does not involve destroying the entire area’s economic and real estate market. Everyone must think of the future of these communities and the families and children involved.-&nbsp;J.D. Johnson, Odin, Kansas

Letter to Editor: Disorganizing USD 112 will mean severe economic blow

July 24th marks International Self-Care Day. But what exactly is “self-care?” 

Many people think of a bubble bath or glass of wine when the term is brought up, but self-care can be much more than the occasional treat. When you take care of your whole self - physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually - self-care is being practiced. 

It can be as simple as going on a walk each morning, making time to socialize with friends, or learning about a subject that fascinates you. Other areas involve financial self-care and environmental self-care. These can be budgeting and putting money into savings or decluttering your home and cutting back time on social media.

In today’s world, stress is around every corner. Trying to keep up with the to-do list is an evergreen task and adding self-care to the agenda may seem overwhelming. Although I challenge you to take a new perspective. 

The foundation of self-care is prioritizing your obligations beginning with you. 

This concept allows you to understand what matters most to you and gives you the ability to say yes to things that fulfill you. It creates the opportunity to achieve a healthier mind and body, and it helps you cope with daily stressors. 

In turn, you might find yourself having an easier time caring for your family, creating memories with friends, and increasing productivity at work. Just like the saying goes, you can’t pour from an empty cup, so it is important to fill yours first.

So, how can you observe International Self-Care Day? 

You can start a list of practical ways to get into the habit of self-care, offer support to a loved one in need of self-care, or explore a few stress management techniques.

Whatever you decide to do, regularly prioritizing self-care can majorly impact your mental, physical, and emotional health.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>July 24th marks International Self-Care Day. But what exactly is “self-care?” Many people think of a bubble bath or glass of wine when the term is brought up, but self-care can be much more than the occasional treat. When you take care of your whole self - physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually - self-care is being practiced. This looks different for everyone. It can be as simple as going on a walk each morning, making time to socialize with friends, or learning about a subject that fascinates you. Other areas involve financial self-care and environmental self-care. These can be budgeting and putting money into savings or decluttering your home and cutting back time on social media.In today’s world, stress is around every corner. Trying to keep up with the to-do list is an evergreen task and adding self-care to the agenda may seem overwhelming. Although I challenge you to take a new perspective. The foundation of self-care is prioritizing your obligations beginning with you. This concept allows you to understand what matters most to you and gives you the ability to say yes to things that fulfill you. It creates the opportunity to achieve a healthier mind and body, and it helps you cope with daily stressors. In turn, you might find yourself having an easier time caring for your family, creating memories with friends, and increasing productivity at work. Just like the saying goes, you can’t pour from an empty cup, so it is important to fill yours first.So, how can you observe International Self-Care Day? You can start a list of practical ways to get into the habit of self-care, offer support to a loved one in need of self-care, or explore a few stress management techniques.Whatever you decide to do, regularly prioritizing self-care can majorly impact your mental, physical, and emotional health.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: July 24 is International Self-Care Day

Whew! The Barton County Fair was a busy, fun, and successful week! Our Country Pride, County Wide was definitely on display!

Some of my favorite moments were watching big kids help small ones and when fierce competitors were teaching one another how to show their animals so that they are all better. Listening to 4-H members talk to judges about their projects with the successes and learning moments from less than successful is always great to hear.

We had several youth step into bigger leadership roles from presenting learning activities about water to serving as co-superintendents or assistant superintendents.

If you happened to be in the buildings on judging days, you probably saw 4-H members sitting down to review their projects with a judge. Consultative judging is an important aspect of the learning process for 4-H.&nbsp;Judges consider the project itself based on a project standard along with the learning opportunities that led to a fair entry. 

For our youth in the Foods and Nutrition project, they are hopefully sharing about helping with meals during the year, learning new cooking techniques and skills, or learning about nutrition. All of that goes into a judge’s decision when determining a ribbon placing. 

4-H uses the Danish System of ribbon placement which means:

Purple – Outstanding on all standards Blue – Exceeds minimum standards, minor improvements can be made Red – Meets minimum standards, needs improvements White – Fails to meet minimum standards

An important skill for a judge is to be able to give feedback to the youth that is both constructive and encouraging.

For youth nine and older who receive a purple ribbon (in most cases), they have the opportunity to enter that exhibit at the Kansas State Fair. I am excited to see all of the entries we will have!

I want to say Thank You to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! Families of 4-H members who volunteer for set up and clean up, and jump in to help whenever and wherever are invaluable!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.

For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran,&nbsp;4-H Youth Development Agent,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran,&nbsp;4-H Youth Development Agent,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Whew! The Barton County Fair was a busy, fun, and successful week! Our Country Pride, County Wide was definitely on display!Some of my favorite moments were watching big kids help small ones and when fierce competitors were teaching one another how to show their animals so that they are all better. Listening to 4-H members talk to judges about their projects with the successes and learning moments from less than successful is always great to hear.We had several youth step into bigger leadership roles from presenting learning activities about water to serving as co-superintendents or assistant superintendents.If you happened to be in the buildings on judging days, you probably saw 4-H members sitting down to review their projects with a judge. Consultative judging is an important aspect of the learning process for 4-H.&nbsp;Judges consider the project itself based on a project standard along with the learning opportunities that led to a fair entry. For our youth in the Foods and Nutrition project, they are hopefully sharing about helping with meals during the year, learning new cooking techniques and skills, or learning about nutrition. All of that goes into a judge’s decision when determining a ribbon placing. 4-H uses the Danish System of ribbon placement which means:Purple – Outstanding on all standards Blue – Exceeds minimum standards, minor improvements can be made Red – Meets minimum standards, needs improvements White – Fails to meet minimum standards An important skill for a judge is to be able to give feedback to the youth that is both constructive and encouraging.For youth nine and older who receive a purple ribbon (in most cases), they have the opportunity to enter that exhibit at the Kansas State Fair. I am excited to see all of the entries we will have!I want to say Thank You to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! Families of 4-H members who volunteer for set up and clean up, and jump in to help whenever and wherever are invaluable!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Barton County Fair Week wrap-up

By MICHAEL SMITH Emporia State University

Do we need to re-learn how we merge on the freeway?&nbsp; The Kansas Department of Transportation says yes.&nbsp; But are we open to re-thinking something we have done the same way for years?

Since 2016, KDOT has been promoting the “<a href="https://www.ksdot.gov/bureaus/kcmetro/zipper-merge.asp" target="_blank">zipper merge</a>” for the construction zones along US 69 in Johnson County.&nbsp; Now, they also want us to use it along sections of K-10 that are under construction between Olathe and Lawrence, near Eudora.&nbsp; They may expand it further.

Around here, most use the early merge.&nbsp; When we see that a lane is closed, we move over into the open lane as quickly as possible.&nbsp; We treat drivers that do not do this as “cheaters.”&nbsp; Any attempt to cut in line may be met with a refusal to open a space, dirty looks, or even a famous, obscene hand gesture. Once, in construction around Olathe, I saw a semi truck driver steer his truck so it was straddling both lanes, just to block these line cutters. Didn’t the teachers in elementary school teach us not to cut in line?&nbsp;

They did, but they also taught us to take turns. The early merge is fine if there is not much traffic, but when things get busy, drivers may slow down looking for a chance to merge early, slowing traffic further or even causing accidents.&nbsp; The zipper merge calls for drivers to stay in their lane until the merge point, and then take turns, one car from each lane at a time, so that the traffic closes up like the teeth of a zipper.&nbsp; No more viewing drivers who stay in the to-be-closed lane as “cheaters,” no more blocking, no more gesturing.&nbsp; Signs warn drivers “Stay in your lane,” and “Take turns merging.”

Traffic is an excellent example of how what we think is intuitively right, is often wrong.&nbsp; It reminds me of a debate I had with a family member when they were younger.&nbsp; Frustrated that we were running late, they suggested that the city needed to re-time the traffic light where we were waiting.&nbsp; I replied that a citywide traffic study might be in order.&nbsp; Baffled, they replied that no such thing was necessary–this particular traffic light need only be reprogrammed.&nbsp; I disagreed.&nbsp; After all,&nbsp; re-timing just&nbsp; one traffic light could cause traffic to back up on the feeder streets, which in turn could cause traffic to back up on the feeder streets to those streets, and so on–a ripple effect that could be felt for many miles.&nbsp;&nbsp;

This complexity is why study of traffic is an academic subject in its own right– just ask the experts at K-State’s&nbsp;<a href="https://transport.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">University Transportation Center.</a>&nbsp; Traffic flows are complicated, and easing congestion often calls on drivers to re-learn what we think we know, among other changes.

This is policymaking in the real world– complicated, sometimes counterintuitive challenges to our established ways of thinking and doing,&nbsp; which rely on the assumption that people are ready to make the change.&nbsp; Sometimes, half of us embrace the change and half of us do not, creating further confusion if not outright chaos, and making us angry with one another.&nbsp; This helps explain how issues that should not be part of the culture war get sucked into it–issues like gas stoves or Covid-19 protocols.

There are bigger problems in the world today than how we merge at construction sites, but few have such a direct, immediate impact on our everyday lives–or exemplify just how difficult policy change is.

Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/12/1639601062071.jpeg" alt="Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHAEL SMITH Emporia State UniversityDo we need to re-learn how we merge on the freeway?&nbsp; The Kansas Department of Transportation says yes.&nbsp; But are we open to re-thinking something we have done the same way for years?Since 2016, KDOT has been promoting the “<a href="https://www.ksdot.gov/bureaus/kcmetro/zipper-merge.asp" target="_blank">zipper merge</a>” for the construction zones along US 69 in Johnson County.&nbsp; Now, they also want us to use it along sections of K-10 that are under construction between Olathe and Lawrence, near Eudora.&nbsp; They may expand it further.Around here, most use the early merge.&nbsp; When we see that a lane is closed, we move over into the open lane as quickly as possible.&nbsp; We treat drivers that do not do this as “cheaters.”&nbsp; Any attempt to cut in line may be met with a refusal to open a space, dirty looks, or even a famous, obscene hand gesture. Once, in construction around Olathe, I saw a semi truck driver steer his truck so it was straddling both lanes, just to block these line cutters. Didn’t the teachers in elementary school teach us not to cut in line?&nbsp;They did, but they also taught us to take turns. The early merge is fine if there is not much traffic, but when things get busy, drivers may slow down looking for a chance to merge early, slowing traffic further or even causing accidents.&nbsp; The zipper merge calls for drivers to stay in their lane until the merge point, and then take turns, one car from each lane at a time, so that the traffic closes up like the teeth of a zipper.&nbsp; No more viewing drivers who stay in the to-be-closed lane as “cheaters,” no more blocking, no more gesturing.&nbsp; Signs warn drivers “Stay in your lane,” and “Take turns merging.”Traffic is an excellent example of how what we think is intuitively right, is often wrong.&nbsp; It reminds me of a debate I had with a family member when they were younger.&nbsp; Frustrated that we were running late, they suggested that the city needed to re-time the traffic light where we were waiting.&nbsp; I replied that a citywide traffic study might be in order.&nbsp; Baffled, they replied that no such thing was necessary–this particular traffic light need only be reprogrammed.&nbsp; I disagreed.&nbsp; After all,&nbsp; re-timing just&nbsp; one traffic light could cause traffic to back up on the feeder streets, which in turn could cause traffic to back up on the feeder streets to those streets, and so on–a ripple effect that could be felt for many miles.&nbsp;&nbsp;This complexity is why study of traffic is an academic subject in its own right– just ask the experts at K-State’s&nbsp;<a href="https://transport.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">University Transportation Center.</a>&nbsp; Traffic flows are complicated, and easing congestion often calls on drivers to re-learn what we think we know, among other changes.This is policymaking in the real world– complicated, sometimes counterintuitive challenges to our established ways of thinking and doing,&nbsp; which rely on the assumption that people are ready to make the change.&nbsp; Sometimes, half of us embrace the change and half of us do not, creating further confusion if not outright chaos, and making us angry with one another.&nbsp; This helps explain how issues that should not be part of the culture war get sucked into it–issues like gas stoves or Covid-19 protocols.There are bigger problems in the world today than how we merge at construction sites, but few have such a direct, immediate impact on our everyday lives–or exemplify just how difficult policy change is.Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University.&nbsp;

INSIGHT KANSAS: KDOT’s zipper merge is policymaking in the real world

Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.

Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.

To see the complete yield results and details of the cultural practices go to our web site at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>.

 This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decision. It is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the Field Day.

Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Station's replicated wheat performance tests. 

They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in four different spots in the field; all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.

Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe and leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. 

A good resource is “Wheat Variety Guide – MF991” publication that is updated yearly. It will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.

Many thanks to Neil Gottschalk and his family and Brandon Riedel for putting out the wheat demonstration plot! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Bank of Hays, Bieker Insurance Agency, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Farm Bureau Financial Services, Danny Dinkel, First Kansas Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Kippes Insurance Agency, LDI, Nutrien Ag Solutions, Radke Implement, Sunflower Bank, United Ag and A &amp; A Coors.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.To see the complete yield results and details of the cultural practices go to our web site at <a href="https://cottonwood.k-state.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>. This demonstration wheat plot should not be used solely for making your variety selection decision. It is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the Field Day.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/7/1689604292324.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Station's replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in four different spots in the field; all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe and leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned. A good resource is “Wheat Variety Guide – MF991” publication that is updated yearly. It will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.Many thanks to Neil Gottschalk and his family and Brandon Riedel for putting out the wheat demonstration plot! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Bank of Hays, Bieker Insurance Agency, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Farm Bureau Financial Services, Danny Dinkel, First Kansas Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Kippes Insurance Agency, LDI, Nutrien Ag Solutions, Radke Implement, Sunflower Bank, United Ag and A &amp; A Coors.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Ellis County wheat variety demonstration plot results

By TISA MASON FHSU President

In 1952, a group known as the College Sports Communicators (CSC) created a new accolade called the “Academic All-America” program to recognize student-athletes who excel in the classroom and athletic competition. The program is known today as the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) Academic All-American program, and to qualify for consideration, a student-athlete must be a starter or play an important role as a reserve or substitute with at least a 3.30 cumulative grade point average (on a 4.0 scale) at their current institution.

This academic year, ten Tiger athletes earned Academic All-American honors. This was the most in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and by far the most in FHSU’s history. Fort Hays State has produced 68 Academic All-America selections since our first selection in 1975.

Creating an Academic All-Americans legacy at FHSU is no small task. It takes great coaches who recruit and develop superb talent and faculty who challenge and mentor our student-athletes. It also takes dedicated professional staffers like Ryan Prickett, the sports information director for Tiger Athletics. This year, he was the prime mover behind this remarkable rise in Academic All-Americans. Ryan puts the nomination packages together each year, and the process is extensive. To create a nomination package for a worthy student-athlete, Ryan creates a summary write-up of their accomplishments that he submits for consideration to the voting members of CoSIDA. As a voting member, Ryan says he reviews several hundred nomination packages each year and makes just a handful of selections.

“We are limited in the number of individuals I am allowed to nominate in each sport, and it fluctuates a bit from sport to sport,” Ryan said. “Since all of the schools that are members of the College Sports Communicators group can vote on the Academic All-America team, competition is fierce.” Ryan stays in close contact with Tiger Athletics coaches throughout the school year as part of his nomination process.

2023 Academic All-America selectee, women’s golfer Morgan Brasser, said she cried when she heard the news. “It’s tough to describe how good this felt,” Morgan said. “I struggled on the golf course my first couple of years, but things just seem to have come together this year.”

Sprinter Hayden Albright and Javelin thrower Addie Berens were surprised to learn of their Academic All-America selections. They had no idea their coaches and Ryan were positioning them as candidates.

“I wasn’t really looking for the recognition. I know that studying hard and competing at the highest level is what I need to do,” said Hayden, an informatics major from Kingman, Kan.

Addie came to FHSU from little Tampa, Kan. (population just over 100) to pursue her dream of becoming an elementary school teacher. Coach McCullough didn’t recruit her, but that didn’t stop her from asking him if she could join the Team as a walk-on athlete. Addie went on to&nbsp;compete at Nationals during her freshman year. She, too, was surprised when she learned of her selection.

“I didn’t know it was a “thing,” Addie said. “It’s a definite honor. It feels good to know our athletics program goes to these lengths to recognize our performance in track and the classroom.”

Track and Field coach Jason McCullough, an accomplished student-athlete himself at FHSU, was a five-time Academic All-America selectee. This year, Coach McCullough’s men’s and women’s teams' six Academic All-America honors were the most for any Tiger Athletics team. He thinks the close-knit culture that defines Tiger Athletics is the primary driver behind the remarkable number of Academic All-America selections this year.&nbsp;

McCullough said, “We value not only the athletic successes of our student-athletes as competitors, but we also value the successes they exhibit in the classroom and as good human beings. I want to bring attention to other principles we cultivate in our student-athletes: commitment to excellence, dedication, teamwork, attitude, and total belief in yourself, your teammates, and your coaching staff.”

Congratulations to our 2023 Academic All-America selectees listed below. Each of you is a superb ambassador for your sport, Tiger Athletics, and Fort Hays State University.

2023 CoSIDA Academic All-Americans

· Baseball – Ed Scott · Football – Alex Schremmer · Men’s Track and Field – Ryan Stanley, Hayden Albright, Ethan Lang, and Xavier Robinson · Women’s Golf – Morgan Brasser ·&nbsp; Women’s Soccer – Isabel Robben · Women’s Track and Field – Mattie Rossi and Addie Berens

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Tisa Mason" />
 <figcaption>Tisa Mason</figcaption>
 </figure>By TISA MASON FHSU PresidentIn 1952, a group known as the College Sports Communicators (CSC) created a new accolade called the “Academic All-America” program to recognize student-athletes who excel in the classroom and athletic competition. The program is known today as the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) Academic All-American program, and to qualify for consideration, a student-athlete must be a starter or play an important role as a reserve or substitute with at least a 3.30 cumulative grade point average (on a 4.0 scale) at their current institution.This academic year, ten Tiger athletes earned Academic All-American honors. This was the most in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and by far the most in FHSU’s history. Fort Hays State has produced 68 Academic All-America selections since our first selection in 1975.Creating an Academic All-Americans legacy at FHSU is no small task. It takes great coaches who recruit and develop superb talent and faculty who challenge and mentor our student-athletes. It also takes dedicated professional staffers like Ryan Prickett, the sports information director for Tiger Athletics. This year, he was the prime mover behind this remarkable rise in Academic All-Americans. Ryan puts the nomination packages together each year, and the process is extensive. To create a nomination package for a worthy student-athlete, Ryan creates a summary write-up of their accomplishments that he submits for consideration to the voting members of CoSIDA. As a voting member, Ryan says he reviews several hundred nomination packages each year and makes just a handful of selections.“We are limited in the number of individuals I am allowed to nominate in each sport, and it fluctuates a bit from sport to sport,” Ryan said. “Since all of the schools that are members of the College Sports Communicators group can vote on the Academic All-America team, competition is fierce.” Ryan stays in close contact with Tiger Athletics coaches throughout the school year as part of his nomination process.2023 Academic All-America selectee, women’s golfer Morgan Brasser, said she cried when she heard the news. “It’s tough to describe how good this felt,” Morgan said. “I struggled on the golf course my first couple of years, but things just seem to have come together this year.”Sprinter Hayden Albright and Javelin thrower Addie Berens were surprised to learn of their Academic All-America selections. They had no idea their coaches and Ryan were positioning them as candidates.“I wasn’t really looking for the recognition. I know that studying hard and competing at the highest level is what I need to do,” said Hayden, an informatics major from Kingman, Kan.Addie came to FHSU from little Tampa, Kan. (population just over 100) to pursue her dream of becoming an elementary school teacher. Coach McCullough didn’t recruit her, but that didn’t stop her from asking him if she could join the Team as a walk-on athlete. Addie went on to&nbsp;compete at Nationals during her freshman year. She, too, was surprised when she learned of her selection.“I didn’t know it was a “thing,” Addie said. “It’s a definite honor. It feels good to know our athletics program goes to these lengths to recognize our performance in track and the classroom.”Track and Field coach Jason McCullough, an accomplished student-athlete himself at FHSU, was a five-time Academic All-America selectee. This year, Coach McCullough’s men’s and women’s teams' six Academic All-America honors were the most for any Tiger Athletics team. He thinks the close-knit culture that defines Tiger Athletics is the primary driver behind the remarkable number of Academic All-America selections this year.&nbsp;McCullough said, “We value not only the athletic successes of our student-athletes as competitors, but we also value the successes they exhibit in the classroom and as good human beings. I want to bring attention to other principles we cultivate in our student-athletes: commitment to excellence, dedication, teamwork, attitude, and total belief in yourself, your teammates, and your coaching staff.”Congratulations to our 2023 Academic All-America selectees listed below. Each of you is a superb ambassador for your sport, Tiger Athletics, and Fort Hays State University.2023 CoSIDA Academic All-Americans· Baseball – Ed Scott · Football – Alex Schremmer · Men’s Track and Field – Ryan Stanley, Hayden Albright, Ethan Lang, and Xavier Robinson · Women’s Golf – Morgan Brasser ·&nbsp; Women’s Soccer – Isabel Robben · Women’s Track and Field – Mattie Rossi and Addie Berens

Heart of a Tiger: Athletes earn national Academic All-American honors

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.

•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation.

The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! 

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation. The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! Have a great week.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Stay cool, stay hydrated, stay informed

Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.

When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.

If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”

For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.

Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:

· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes.

The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.

“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes. The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Food safety tips during a power outage

Governor Laura Kelly recently touted her administration’s economic track record in a press release from the Office of the Governor. Specifically, Kelly cited over $16 billion in private-sector investments and the creation of over 60,000 jobs in Kansas since she took office as governor.

To grow the economy, Kelly has offered tax incentive packages to lure businesses to Kansas and encourage Kansas-based corporations to expand their economic footprint in the state. These incentive packages have been a key part in reaching investment deals with Panasonic, Integra Technologies, and EMP Shield.

Tax incentive packages have become a valuable tool for state and local policymakers trying to attract investment in a fiercely competitive economic environment. For example, when Amazon announced it was seeking proposals for a second headquarters in 2017, a bidding war ensued with cities offering land, tax breaks, and promised investments in public transit, among other enticements to convince Amazon to consider their jurisdictions.

The Amazon headquarters decision may be an extreme example, but it illustrates the new normal of policymakers offering lucrative incentives to attract economic investment.

Proponents argue that tax incentive packages have several benefits. First, increased financial investment and job creation can serve as a catalyst for state and local economies. By convincing businesses to establish or expand economic operations within their state or locality, policymakers create job opportunities.

Tax incentives may also lead to increases in tax revenue. This may seem paradoxical, but the argument is that by generating economic activity, governments will recoup whatever tax breaks they initially offered in future revenues from corporate, income, sales, and property taxes.

Finally, by offering tax incentives, policymakers create a competitive advantage over neighboring states, positioning themselves as an attractive destination for investment. This bolsters a state’s reputation as a hub for economic activity, which may in turn attract more investment.

Tax incentive plans, however, are not without detractors. One concern associated with these plans is the loss of revenue for states and localities. When policymakers offer tax breaks to businesses, it reduces the tax base, constraining funds available for key public services such as education or healthcare. This negative consequence can be particularly challenging for cities as they attempt to balance their tight budgets.

Further, these incentive plans create an uneven playing field. They often provide economic benefits to large corporations and businesses. Small businesses and individual taxpayers, on the other hand, do not have access to these same benefits. This worry is not without merit as some of the details of these deals are not made public during negotiation.

Finally, critics argue that tax incentive plans are short-term solutions. Businesses may decide to locate or invest in a state based on the availability of tax incentives, but they do not guarantee long-term investment. Neighboring states can offer similar deals in the future, leading to a cycle of relocation that creates economic instability for everyone. This dynamic, described by Dr. Michael Smith in his column<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/41b36213-139e-4b6f-b5a6-0468c746210d"> “Tax truce is holding, but it’s time to finish the job,” </a>can be seen in past tax border wars in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The reality is that policymakers, like Governor Kelly, understand that tax incentives are the price of doing business in our global, competitive economy. The question that remains is do the benefits always outweigh the drawbacks?

Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1678375743023.jpeg" alt="Brianne Heidbreder is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Brianne Heidbreder is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Governor Laura Kelly recently touted her administration’s economic track record in a press release from the Office of the Governor. Specifically, Kelly cited over $16 billion in private-sector investments and the creation of over 60,000 jobs in Kansas since she took office as governor.To grow the economy, Kelly has offered tax incentive packages to lure businesses to Kansas and encourage Kansas-based corporations to expand their economic footprint in the state. These incentive packages have been a key part in reaching investment deals with Panasonic, Integra Technologies, and EMP Shield.Tax incentive packages have become a valuable tool for state and local policymakers trying to attract investment in a fiercely competitive economic environment. For example, when Amazon announced it was seeking proposals for a second headquarters in 2017, a bidding war ensued with cities offering land, tax breaks, and promised investments in public transit, among other enticements to convince Amazon to consider their jurisdictions.The Amazon headquarters decision may be an extreme example, but it illustrates the new normal of policymakers offering lucrative incentives to attract economic investment.Proponents argue that tax incentive packages have several benefits. First, increased financial investment and job creation can serve as a catalyst for state and local economies. By convincing businesses to establish or expand economic operations within their state or locality, policymakers create job opportunities.Tax incentives may also lead to increases in tax revenue. This may seem paradoxical, but the argument is that by generating economic activity, governments will recoup whatever tax breaks they initially offered in future revenues from corporate, income, sales, and property taxes.Finally, by offering tax incentives, policymakers create a competitive advantage over neighboring states, positioning themselves as an attractive destination for investment. This bolsters a state’s reputation as a hub for economic activity, which may in turn attract more investment.Tax incentive plans, however, are not without detractors. One concern associated with these plans is the loss of revenue for states and localities. When policymakers offer tax breaks to businesses, it reduces the tax base, constraining funds available for key public services such as education or healthcare. This negative consequence can be particularly challenging for cities as they attempt to balance their tight budgets.Further, these incentive plans create an uneven playing field. They often provide economic benefits to large corporations and businesses. Small businesses and individual taxpayers, on the other hand, do not have access to these same benefits. This worry is not without merit as some of the details of these deals are not made public during negotiation.Finally, critics argue that tax incentive plans are short-term solutions. Businesses may decide to locate or invest in a state based on the availability of tax incentives, but they do not guarantee long-term investment. Neighboring states can offer similar deals in the future, leading to a cycle of relocation that creates economic instability for everyone. This dynamic, described by Dr. Michael Smith in his column<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/41b36213-139e-4b6f-b5a6-0468c746210d"> “Tax truce is holding, but it’s time to finish the job,” </a>can be seen in past tax border wars in the Kansas City metropolitan area.The reality is that policymakers, like Governor Kelly, understand that tax incentives are the price of doing business in our global, competitive economy. The question that remains is do the benefits always outweigh the drawbacks?Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Kansas State University.

INSIGHT KANSAS: The politics of incentivizing investment

When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. 

This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. 

Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. 

Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.

Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.

2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.

Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.

Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.

Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. 

Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. 

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum

If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? 

Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. 

In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. 

You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:

· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression

The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression So, where do you begin? The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. Instead, start by improving just one or two of your lifestyle choices. You might begin to walk during part of your lunch hour, park a little farther away at the store, or try a standing desk. Nudge yourself with one small habit at a time, and you can reap the rewards of a healthier lifestyle over time.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;krwinkel@ksu.edu.

Opinion