These large (1-1/3- to 1-5/8-inch long) wasps fly slowly above the ground. Cicada killers have a black body with yellow marks across the thorax and abdomen. Wings are reddish-orange.&nbsp;

Although these wasps are huge, they usually ignore people. Males may act aggressively if they are threatened, but are unable to sting. Females can sting, but are so passive that they rarely do. Even if they do sting, the pain is less than that of smaller wasps such as the yellow jacket or paper wasp and is similar to the sting of a sweat bee.&nbsp;

The cicada killer is a solitary wasp rather than a social wasp like the yellow jacket. The female nests in burrows in the ground. These burrows are quarter-size in diameter and can go 6 inches straight down and another 6 inches horizontally. Adults normally live 60 to 75 days from mid-July to mid-September and feed on flower nectar and sap. The adult female seeks cicadas on the trunks and lower limbs of trees. She stings her prey, flips it over, straddles it and carries it to her burrow. If she has a tree to climb, she will climb the tree so they can get airborne and fly with cicada back to the nest. If not, she will drag it. She will lay one egg per cicada if the egg is left unfertilized. Unfertilized eggs develop into males only. Fertilized eggs develop into females and are given at least two cicadas. Cicadas are then stuffed into the female’s burrow. Each burrow normally has three to four cells with one to two cicadas in each. However, it is possible for one burrow to have 10 to 20 cells.&nbsp;

Eggs hatch in two to three days, and larvae begin feeding on paralyzed cicadas. Feeding continues for four to 10 days until only the outer shell of the cicada remains. The larva overwinters inside a silken case. Pupation occurs in the spring. There is one generation per year. Cicada killers are not dangerous, but they can be a nuisance. If you believe control is necessary, treat the burrows after dark to ensure the female wasps are in their nests. The males normally roost on plants near burrow sites. They can be captured with an insect net or knocked out of the air with a tennis racket during the day. &nbsp; Permethrin may be used for control.&nbsp; Products with permethrin include the following.

&nbsp; Eight Garden Dust - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Multipurpose Garden and Pet Dust - Green Thumb &nbsp; Garden, Pet &amp; Livestock Dust - Hi-Yield&nbsp;

&nbsp; 38 Plus Turf, Termite &amp; Ornamental Insect Spray - Hi-Yield&nbsp; &nbsp; Eight Vegetable, Fruit &amp; Flower&nbsp; Conc. - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Eight Yard &amp; Garden RTS - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Garden and Farm Insect Control- Hi-Yield

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/7/1595861237756.png" alt="Cicada killer wasp. Photo courtesy of Kansas State University." />
 <figcaption>Cicada killer wasp. Photo courtesy of Kansas State University.</figcaption>
 </figure>These large (1-1/3- to 1-5/8-inch long) wasps fly slowly above the ground. Cicada killers have a black body with yellow marks across the thorax and abdomen. Wings are reddish-orange.&nbsp;Although these wasps are huge, they usually ignore people. Males may act aggressively if they are threatened, but are unable to sting. Females can sting, but are so passive that they rarely do. Even if they do sting, the pain is less than that of smaller wasps such as the yellow jacket or paper wasp and is similar to the sting of a sweat bee.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. " />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. </figcaption>
 </figure>The cicada killer is a solitary wasp rather than a social wasp like the yellow jacket. The female nests in burrows in the ground. These burrows are quarter-size in diameter and can go 6 inches straight down and another 6 inches horizontally. Adults normally live 60 to 75 days from mid-July to mid-September and feed on flower nectar and sap. The adult female seeks cicadas on the trunks and lower limbs of trees. She stings her prey, flips it over, straddles it and carries it to her burrow. If she has a tree to climb, she will climb the tree so they can get airborne and fly with cicada back to the nest. If not, she will drag it. She will lay one egg per cicada if the egg is left unfertilized. Unfertilized eggs develop into males only. Fertilized eggs develop into females and are given at least two cicadas. Cicadas are then stuffed into the female’s burrow. Each burrow normally has three to four cells with one to two cicadas in each. However, it is possible for one burrow to have 10 to 20 cells.&nbsp;Eggs hatch in two to three days, and larvae begin feeding on paralyzed cicadas. Feeding continues for four to 10 days until only the outer shell of the cicada remains. The larva overwinters inside a silken case. Pupation occurs in the spring. There is one generation per year. Cicada killers are not dangerous, but they can be a nuisance. If you believe control is necessary, treat the burrows after dark to ensure the female wasps are in their nests. The males normally roost on plants near burrow sites. They can be captured with an insect net or knocked out of the air with a tennis racket during the day. &nbsp; Permethrin may be used for control.&nbsp; Products with permethrin include the following.<h2>Dusts</h2>&nbsp; Eight Garden Dust - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Multipurpose Garden and Pet Dust - Green Thumb &nbsp; Garden, Pet &amp; Livestock Dust - Hi-Yield&nbsp;<h2>Liquids</h2>&nbsp; 38 Plus Turf, Termite &amp; Ornamental Insect Spray - Hi-Yield&nbsp; &nbsp; Eight Vegetable, Fruit &amp; Flower&nbsp; Conc. - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Eight Yard &amp; Garden RTS - Bonide&nbsp; &nbsp; Garden and Farm Insect Control- Hi-YieldLauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Cicada killer wasps

This is the time of year when people really notice crabgrass infestations. By far the best way to control crabgrass is to prevent it by maintaining a good, thick lawn. Crabgrass is an annual that must come up from seed each year and the seed must have light in order to germinate. If a lawn is thick enough that sunlight does not reach the soil, the crabgrass will not germinate. Under Kansas conditions it is not easy to maintain such a lawn; so many gardeners do the next best thing and apply a crabgrass preventer in the spring. Crabgrass preventers kill the seed as it germinates. Most do not have any effect on crabgrass that has already come up. If we are too late to apply a preventer, we do have other herbicides that will kill crabgrass plants including Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max +Crabgrass Control, Fertilome Weed-Out with Crabgrass Control, Monterey Crab-E-Rad and BioAdvanced Lawn Weed &amp; Crabgrass Killer. Each contains quinclorac, which is a crabgrass herbicide, as well as other active ingredients that control broadleaf weeds. Quinclorac is an excellent crabgrass killer that controls not only crabgrass, but also has good activity on foxtail and certain broadleaves such as field bindweed, black medic, and clover. However, it does little to nothing to goosegrass.

​Fortunately, crabgrass starts declining about the middle of August. This is about the same time that cool- season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass start to come out of their summer doldrums. By the first of September, the crabgrass will be less noticeable. Therefore, a small infestation is best ignored. Remember that crabgrass is a warm-season annual and will be killed by the first frost.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>This is the time of year when people really notice crabgrass infestations. By far the best way to control crabgrass is to prevent it by maintaining a good, thick lawn. Crabgrass is an annual that must come up from seed each year and the seed must have light in order to germinate. If a lawn is thick enough that sunlight does not reach the soil, the crabgrass will not germinate. Under Kansas conditions it is not easy to maintain such a lawn; so many gardeners do the next best thing and apply a crabgrass preventer in the spring. Crabgrass preventers kill the seed as it germinates. Most do not have any effect on crabgrass that has already come up. If we are too late to apply a preventer, we do have other herbicides that will kill crabgrass plants including Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max +Crabgrass Control, Fertilome Weed-Out with Crabgrass Control, Monterey Crab-E-Rad and BioAdvanced Lawn Weed &amp; Crabgrass Killer. Each contains quinclorac, which is a crabgrass herbicide, as well as other active ingredients that control broadleaf weeds. Quinclorac is an excellent crabgrass killer that controls not only crabgrass, but also has good activity on foxtail and certain broadleaves such as field bindweed, black medic, and clover. However, it does little to nothing to goosegrass.​Fortunately, crabgrass starts declining about the middle of August. This is about the same time that cool- season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass start to come out of their summer doldrums. By the first of September, the crabgrass will be less noticeable. Therefore, a small infestation is best ignored. Remember that crabgrass is a warm-season annual and will be killed by the first frost.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Crabgrass control

By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development

From pitches to plants. From hardballs to hibiscus. From the strike zone to the root zone. Those phrases are a way of describing the transition made by a Major League Baseball player who, with his daughter, has developed one of the leading plant nurseries in the nation.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Lyndsi Oestman is vice president of Loma Vista Nursery in Ottawa, Kansas. She shared this remarkable story.

Lyndsi’s dad, Mark Clear, grew up in California where he worked at his best friend’s family’s avocado ranch. Mark enjoyed tree pruning and avocado picking. He also enjoyed baseball. In fact, he was such a good player that he was drafted into Major League Baseball as a pitcher.

While being developed in the minor leagues, he was playing in Des Moines when he met the young woman who would become his wife. He went on to a 17-year major-league career, serving as a two-time all-star relief pitcher for the California Angels, Boston Red Sox and Milwaukee Brewers.

One year, Mark bought a tree nursery in California with his childhood friend from the avocado ranch. He played baseball during the season and worked at the nursery during the offseason.

One of his buddies on the Red Sox was traded to the Kansas City Royals. When Mark came for a visit, he found he loved the hunting and fishing in the KC area. In fact, he liked it so well that he moved his family to Olathe after retiring from baseball. He also sold his share of the partnership in California and bought a home with a tree nursery in Olathe. He called it Loma Vista Nursery.

“That was the place I grew up in,” Lyndsi said. “My brother and I drove tractors and planted trees.” The company became one of the first wholesale suppliers in the Kansas City area.

Lyndsi went to Kansas State University and studied marketing and business. She met and married her husband and entered corporate work after graduation, but found it wasn’t the same as a family business.

As Loma Vista Nursery continued to grow and evolve, Lyndsi came back to work at the nursery. She worked in every department and became vice president of the company, which is now headquartered in Ottawa, Kansas.

Today, Loma Vista Nursery is one of the nation’s leading wholesale suppliers of plants, trees and shrubs for independent garden centers, landscape contractors, and wholesale distributors in the Midwest. The operation consists of 300 acres of containerized production at Ottawa plus a 600-acre tree farm in the Willow Springs area of Douglas County. Willow Springs is a rural township with a population of 1,409 people. Now, that’s rural.

Loma Vista Nursery offers various varieties of pot-in-pot trees, shrubs, roses, grasses, perennials and groundcovers. The tree farm produces field-grown shade and ornamental trees, upright junipers and spruce, as well as many other deciduous and evergreen varieties. Loma Vista serves customers from Denver to Indianapolis.&nbsp;

“We’re focused on being the best grower we can be,” Lyndsi said. Loma Vista was a pioneer in the adoption of what is called SANC: Systems Approach to Nursery Certification, developed in partnership with regulatory agencies and the industry. In simplest terms, SANC takes a holistic approach to the processes and protocols necessary to assure plant health. “We are super proud of that,” Lyndsi said. “Our SANC handbook has become one of the national models.”

In 2019, Loma Vista Nursery won the national sustainability award from Greenhouse Grower magazine. “We want to do the right thing for our plants, our people, and our customers,” Lyndsi said.

Loma Vista employs 100 people and is home to more than 1 million propagated plants and more than 2 million containerized plants. “The team we have right now is awesome, and we’re very proud to be part of the Ottawa community,” Lyndsi said.&nbsp;

For more information, see&nbsp;<a href="http://www.lomavistanursery.com/">www.lomavistanursery.com</a>.

From baseball fields to fields of plants, Mark Clear successfully made the adjustment.&nbsp;&nbsp;We commend Mark Clear, Lyndsi Oestman, and all the people of Loma Vista Nursery for making a difference with commitment, horticultural knowledge, and entrepreneurship. They’ve gone from major league to major landscape.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/5/1589981083710.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural DevelopmentFrom pitches to plants. From hardballs to hibiscus. From the strike zone to the root zone. Those phrases are a way of describing the transition made by a Major League Baseball player who, with his daughter, has developed one of the leading plant nurseries in the nation.&nbsp;&nbsp;Lyndsi Oestman is vice president of Loma Vista Nursery in Ottawa, Kansas. She shared this remarkable story.Lyndsi’s dad, Mark Clear, grew up in California where he worked at his best friend’s family’s avocado ranch. Mark enjoyed tree pruning and avocado picking. He also enjoyed baseball. In fact, he was such a good player that he was drafted into Major League Baseball as a pitcher.While being developed in the minor leagues, he was playing in Des Moines when he met the young woman who would become his wife. He went on to a 17-year major-league career, serving as a two-time all-star relief pitcher for the California Angels, Boston Red Sox and Milwaukee Brewers.One year, Mark bought a tree nursery in California with his childhood friend from the avocado ranch. He played baseball during the season and worked at the nursery during the offseason.One of his buddies on the Red Sox was traded to the Kansas City Royals. When Mark came for a visit, he found he loved the hunting and fishing in the KC area. In fact, he liked it so well that he moved his family to Olathe after retiring from baseball. He also sold his share of the partnership in California and bought a home with a tree nursery in Olathe. He called it Loma Vista Nursery.“That was the place I grew up in,” Lyndsi said. “My brother and I drove tractors and planted trees.” The company became one of the first wholesale suppliers in the Kansas City area.Lyndsi went to Kansas State University and studied marketing and business. She met and married her husband and entered corporate work after graduation, but found it wasn’t the same as a family business.As Loma Vista Nursery continued to grow and evolve, Lyndsi came back to work at the nursery. She worked in every department and became vice president of the company, which is now headquartered in Ottawa, Kansas.Today, Loma Vista Nursery is one of the nation’s leading wholesale suppliers of plants, trees and shrubs for independent garden centers, landscape contractors, and wholesale distributors in the Midwest. The operation consists of 300 acres of containerized production at Ottawa plus a 600-acre tree farm in the Willow Springs area of Douglas County. Willow Springs is a rural township with a population of 1,409 people. Now, that’s rural.Loma Vista Nursery offers various varieties of pot-in-pot trees, shrubs, roses, grasses, perennials and groundcovers. The tree farm produces field-grown shade and ornamental trees, upright junipers and spruce, as well as many other deciduous and evergreen varieties. Loma Vista serves customers from Denver to Indianapolis.&nbsp;“We’re focused on being the best grower we can be,” Lyndsi said. Loma Vista was a pioneer in the adoption of what is called SANC: Systems Approach to Nursery Certification, developed in partnership with regulatory agencies and the industry. In simplest terms, SANC takes a holistic approach to the processes and protocols necessary to assure plant health. “We are super proud of that,” Lyndsi said. “Our SANC handbook has become one of the national models.”In 2019, Loma Vista Nursery won the national sustainability award from Greenhouse Grower magazine. “We want to do the right thing for our plants, our people, and our customers,” Lyndsi said.Loma Vista employs 100 people and is home to more than 1 million propagated plants and more than 2 million containerized plants. “The team we have right now is awesome, and we’re very proud to be part of the Ottawa community,” Lyndsi said.&nbsp;For more information, see&nbsp;<a href="http://www.lomavistanursery.com/">www.lomavistanursery.com</a>.From baseball fields to fields of plants, Mark Clear successfully made the adjustment.&nbsp;&nbsp;We commend Mark Clear, Lyndsi Oestman, and all the people of Loma Vista Nursery for making a difference with commitment, horticultural knowledge, and entrepreneurship. They’ve gone from major league to major landscape.

Now That’s Rural: Lyndsi Oestman, Loma Vista Nursery

Thatch control for cool-season lawn grasses such as bluegrass and tall fescue is usually done in the fall, but now is the time we should perform this operation for warm-season turfgrasses such as bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. 

Because these operations thin the lawn, they should be performed when the lawn is in the best position to recover. For warm-season grasses that time is June through July. Buffalograss, our other common warm-season grass, normally does not need to be dethatched. 
 
When thatch is less than one-half inch thick, there is little cause for concern; on the contrary, it may provide some protection to the crown (growing point) of the turfgrass. However, when thatch exceeds one-half inch in thickness, the lawn may start to deteriorate. Thatch is best kept in check by power-raking and/or core-aerating.

If thatch is more than 3/4 inch thick, the lawn should be power-raked. Set the blades just deep enough to pull out the thatch. The lawn can be severely damaged by power-raking too deeply. In some cases, it may be easier to use a sod cutter to remove the existing sod and start over with seed, sprigs or plugs. 
 
If thatch is between one-half and a 3/4- inch, thick, core-aeration is a better choice. The soil-moisture level is important to do a good job of core-aerating. It should be neither too wet nor too dry, and the soil should crumble fairly easily when worked between your fingers. Go over the lawn enough times so that the aeration holes are about 2 inches apart.&nbsp; 
 
Excessive thatch accumulation can be prevented by not over-fertilizing with nitrogen. Frequent, light watering also encourages thatch. Water only when needed, and attempt to wet the entire root zone of the turf with each irrigation. 
 
Finally, where thatch is excessive, control should be viewed as a long-term, integrated process (i.e., to include proper mowing, watering, and fertilizing) rather than a one-shot cure. One power-raking or core-aeration will seldom solve the problem.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Thatch control for cool-season lawn grasses such as bluegrass and tall fescue is usually done in the fall, but now is the time we should perform this operation for warm-season turfgrasses such as bermudagrass and zoysiagrass. Because these operations thin the lawn, they should be performed when the lawn is in the best position to recover. For warm-season grasses that time is June through July. Buffalograss, our other common warm-season grass, normally does not need to be dethatched. 
 
When thatch is less than one-half inch thick, there is little cause for concern; on the contrary, it may provide some protection to the crown (growing point) of the turfgrass. However, when thatch exceeds one-half inch in thickness, the lawn may start to deteriorate. Thatch is best kept in check by power-raking and/or core-aerating. If thatch is more than 3/4 inch thick, the lawn should be power-raked. Set the blades just deep enough to pull out the thatch. The lawn can be severely damaged by power-raking too deeply. In some cases, it may be easier to use a sod cutter to remove the existing sod and start over with seed, sprigs or plugs. 
 
If thatch is between one-half and a 3/4- inch, thick, core-aeration is a better choice. The soil-moisture level is important to do a good job of core-aerating. It should be neither too wet nor too dry, and the soil should crumble fairly easily when worked between your fingers. Go over the lawn enough times so that the aeration holes are about 2 inches apart.&nbsp; 
 
Excessive thatch accumulation can be prevented by not over-fertilizing with nitrogen. Frequent, light watering also encourages thatch. Water only when needed, and attempt to wet the entire root zone of the turf with each irrigation. 
 
Finally, where thatch is excessive, control should be viewed as a long-term, integrated process (i.e., to include proper mowing, watering, and fertilizing) rather than a one-shot cure. One power-raking or core-aeration will seldom solve the problem.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Thatch control in warm-season lawns

For those of you that have been waiting patiently by reading another book or counting your stockpile of toilet paper, or for some…impatiently; it is time to look for bagworms. Although the cool weather we have experienced this spring will slow development, and consequently larvae hatching from eggs, bagworm caterpillars will eventually be present throughout Kansas feeding on broadleaf and evergreen trees and shrubs. 

Therefore, be prepared to act against bagworms once they are observed on plants. Bagworms are primarily a pest of conifers; however, they feed on a wide-range of host plants including a number of broadleaf plants, such as; rose, honey locust, hackberry, and flowering plum. It is important to apply insecticides when bagworms are less than 1/4 inch long to maximize effectiveness of insecticide applications and subsequently reduce plant damage.

Several insecticides are labeled for use against bagworms including those with the following active ingredients: acephate, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, trichlorfon, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad. Most of these active ingredients are commercially available and sold under various trade names or as generic products. However, several insecticides may not be directly available to homeowners.

The key to managing bagworms with insecticides at this time of year is to apply insecticides early and frequently enough to kill the highly susceptible young caterpillars feeding on plant foliage.

Applying insecticides weekly for four to five weeks when bagworms are first noticed will reduce problems with bagworms later in the year. The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which is sold under various trade names, is only active on young caterpillars and must be consumed or ingested to be effective. Therefore, thorough coverage of all plant parts and frequent applications are required. The insecticide is sensitive to ultra-violet light degradation and rainfall, which can reduce residual activity (persistence). Spinosad is the active ingredient in several homeowner products, including: Natural Guard Spinosad; Captain Jack’s DeadBug Brew; and Monterey Garden Insect Spray. The insecticide works by contact and ingestion; however, activity is greatest when ingested by bagworms.

Cyfluthrin (BioAdvanced Vegetable &amp; Garden Insect Spray, lambda-cyhalothrin&nbsp; (Spectracide Triazicide, Bonide Caterpillar Killer, trichlorfon, chlorantraniliprole, and indoxacarb can also be used against young caterpillars. Again, thorough coverage of all plant parts, especially the tops of trees and shrubs, where bagworms commonly start feeding, and frequent applications are essential in achieving sufficient suppression of bagworm populations. 

The reason multiple applications are needed is that bagworm larvae do not hatch from eggs simultaneously, but hatch over time depending on temperature. In addition, young bagworms can ‘blow in’ (called ‘ballooning’) from neighboring plants on silken threads. If left unchecked, bagworms can cause significant damage and ruin the aesthetic quality of plants. In addition, bagworms may kill plants, especially newly transplanted small evergreens, since evergreens do not usually produce another flush of growth after being fed upon or defoliated by bagworms.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>For those of you that have been waiting patiently by reading another book or counting your stockpile of toilet paper, or for some…impatiently; it is time to look for bagworms. Although the cool weather we have experienced this spring will slow development, and consequently larvae hatching from eggs, bagworm caterpillars will eventually be present throughout Kansas feeding on broadleaf and evergreen trees and shrubs. Therefore, be prepared to act against bagworms once they are observed on plants. Bagworms are primarily a pest of conifers; however, they feed on a wide-range of host plants including a number of broadleaf plants, such as; rose, honey locust, hackberry, and flowering plum. It is important to apply insecticides when bagworms are less than 1/4 inch long to maximize effectiveness of insecticide applications and subsequently reduce plant damage.Several insecticides are labeled for use against bagworms including those with the following active ingredients: acephate, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, trichlorfon, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, and spinosad. Most of these active ingredients are commercially available and sold under various trade names or as generic products. However, several insecticides may not be directly available to homeowners.The key to managing bagworms with insecticides at this time of year is to apply insecticides early and frequently enough to kill the highly susceptible young caterpillars feeding on plant foliage.Applying insecticides weekly for four to five weeks when bagworms are first noticed will reduce problems with bagworms later in the year. The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which is sold under various trade names, is only active on young caterpillars and must be consumed or ingested to be effective. Therefore, thorough coverage of all plant parts and frequent applications are required. The insecticide is sensitive to ultra-violet light degradation and rainfall, which can reduce residual activity (persistence). Spinosad is the active ingredient in several homeowner products, including: Natural Guard Spinosad; Captain Jack’s DeadBug Brew; and Monterey Garden Insect Spray. The insecticide works by contact and ingestion; however, activity is greatest when ingested by bagworms.Cyfluthrin (BioAdvanced Vegetable &amp; Garden Insect Spray, lambda-cyhalothrin&nbsp; (Spectracide Triazicide, Bonide Caterpillar Killer, trichlorfon, chlorantraniliprole, and indoxacarb can also be used against young caterpillars. Again, thorough coverage of all plant parts, especially the tops of trees and shrubs, where bagworms commonly start feeding, and frequent applications are essential in achieving sufficient suppression of bagworm populations. The reason multiple applications are needed is that bagworm larvae do not hatch from eggs simultaneously, but hatch over time depending on temperature. In addition, young bagworms can ‘blow in’ (called ‘ballooning’) from neighboring plants on silken threads. If left unchecked, bagworms can cause significant damage and ruin the aesthetic quality of plants. In addition, bagworms may kill plants, especially newly transplanted small evergreens, since evergreens do not usually produce another flush of growth after being fed upon or defoliated by bagworms.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Controlling bagworms 

Lauren Fick, Horticulture Agent for the K-State Research &amp; Extension office in the Cottonwood District, talks about tree blight. Tree blight can be detrimental to the health of the tree and, if left unchecked, could result in a need for tree removal.

<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8OQZviDqtSc"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Lauren Fick, Horticulture Agent for the K-State Research &amp; Extension office in the Cottonwood District, talks about tree blight. Tree blight can be detrimental to the health of the tree and, if left unchecked, could result in a need for tree removal.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick</figcaption>
 </figure>

🎥 Green and Growing: Tree blight

Sedgwick County agent helping to set up gardeners nationwide for success

WICHITA – When Rebecca McMahon saw a newspaper article in March indicating that garden stores in Wichita were already selling out of supplies, she had an idea what was going on.

The state’s stay-at-home order as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was inspiring many homeowners to plant their own garden, she thought.

So McMahon, the horticultural food crops agent for K-State Research and Extension’s Sedgwick County office, quickly made plans to help out. In April, she launched an eight-week online gardening course, titled Victory Garden 101, to set up aspiring gardeners for success.

“The topics are geared toward first-time gardeners, or those who have dabbled in the past without a whole of success, and at the time were taking advantage of the stay-at-home order to jump back into vegetable gardening,” McMahon said. “But anyone who gardens knows that there is always something more to learn.”

The live class is being held on Tuesday evenings through the end of May, but all of the lessons are available for free, seven days a week on the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sedgwick.k-state.edu/gardening-lawn-care/fruits-vegetables-nuts/victorygarden101.html">Sedgwick County extension office’s website</a>.

As of early May, people from across the United States were still signing up for the course, using the online videos to catch up to current course content. McMahon said there were 820 participants in the class as of May 5.

“Everyone can access the materials on the website, but they need to register if they want email updates and the chance to join the live class,” McMahon said.

The concept of a ‘Victory Garden’ dates back to World War II when Americans were encouraged to plant a home garden to provide a certain amount of their food during a time when many of the country’s agricultural products were being used to support the military.

“I saw a statistic that indicated about 40% of fruits and vegetables consumed by Americans at that time were provided by Victory Gardens during World War II,” McMahon said. “That’s a huge number.”

Similarly, the basis for McMahon’s class is to encourage consumers to grow some of their own food, adding to their community’s food security, while also saving a little money on their grocery bill.

“Gardening is a great thing anytime, pandemic or not,” McMahon said. “I encourage folks to pick up vegetable gardening as a great opportunity for learning for their kids, activity for themselves and a great way to add vegetables and healthy foods to your diet.”

McMahon noted that it doesn’t take a lot of room to grow a few vegetables or other garden crop. People who live in apartments can grow vegetables or other crops in small containers on a balcony or patio, for example.

“Even in a small yard, you can grow a few things,” she said. “You don’t have to till up a rectangular section of your yard in order to have a garden.”

McMahon added that the weekly lessons provide a nifty template for getting started. Starting with week one, Victory Garden 101 is leading gardeners through preparing a site, planning the garden, growing your own salad, tips for great tomatoes, using vertical space, watering, and dealing with insect of disease problems.

It’s also not too late to get some of Kansans’ favorites into the ground.

“Right now is a great time to plant tomatoes and green beans,” McMahon said. “And over the next couple weeks, other warm season vegetables like cucumbers, squash, melons, peppers and eggplant can be planted.”

For ideas on what can be planted in Kansas – and the best time to do so – interested persons should read the&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf315.pdf">Vegetable Garden Planting Guide</a>, published through K-State Research and Extension. McMahon notes that the third page of that guide has a planting calendar that serves as an easy-to-use reference for planting fruits and vegetables.

“I really encourage people to start with some leafy greens because they grow to maturity a lot faster than other crops,” McMahon said. “Plus, they’re a short project. If you grow some lettuce and after harvesting it in 50 to 60 days you decide this gardening thing is not for you, then you haven’t invested too much time and you still got something out of it.

“Tomatoes, potatoes and squash…they’re flashy vegetables, but they are an investment of time, and you have a lot of gardening work to do to get to your harvest endpoint.”

For more information regarding gardening, interested persons are also encouraged to join the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/victorygarden101/">Victory Garden 101 Facebook page</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/5/1589312987137.jpeg" alt="Rebecca McMahon" />
 <figcaption>Rebecca McMahon</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Sedgwick County agent helping to set up gardeners nationwide for success</h2>K-State Research &amp; ExtensionWICHITA – When Rebecca McMahon saw a newspaper article in March indicating that garden stores in Wichita were already selling out of supplies, she had an idea what was going on.The state’s stay-at-home order as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic was inspiring many homeowners to plant their own garden, she thought.So McMahon, the horticultural food crops agent for K-State Research and Extension’s Sedgwick County office, quickly made plans to help out. In April, she launched an eight-week online gardening course, titled Victory Garden 101, to set up aspiring gardeners for success.“The topics are geared toward first-time gardeners, or those who have dabbled in the past without a whole of success, and at the time were taking advantage of the stay-at-home order to jump back into vegetable gardening,” McMahon said. “But anyone who gardens knows that there is always something more to learn.”The live class is being held on Tuesday evenings through the end of May, but all of the lessons are available for free, seven days a week on the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sedgwick.k-state.edu/gardening-lawn-care/fruits-vegetables-nuts/victorygarden101.html">Sedgwick County extension office’s website</a>.As of early May, people from across the United States were still signing up for the course, using the online videos to catch up to current course content. McMahon said there were 820 participants in the class as of May 5.“Everyone can access the materials on the website, but they need to register if they want email updates and the chance to join the live class,” McMahon said.The concept of a ‘Victory Garden’ dates back to World War II when Americans were encouraged to plant a home garden to provide a certain amount of their food during a time when many of the country’s agricultural products were being used to support the military.“I saw a statistic that indicated about 40% of fruits and vegetables consumed by Americans at that time were provided by Victory Gardens during World War II,” McMahon said. “That’s a huge number.”Similarly, the basis for McMahon’s class is to encourage consumers to grow some of their own food, adding to their community’s food security, while also saving a little money on their grocery bill.“Gardening is a great thing anytime, pandemic or not,” McMahon said. “I encourage folks to pick up vegetable gardening as a great opportunity for learning for their kids, activity for themselves and a great way to add vegetables and healthy foods to your diet.”McMahon noted that it doesn’t take a lot of room to grow a few vegetables or other garden crop. People who live in apartments can grow vegetables or other crops in small containers on a balcony or patio, for example.“Even in a small yard, you can grow a few things,” she said. “You don’t have to till up a rectangular section of your yard in order to have a garden.”McMahon added that the weekly lessons provide a nifty template for getting started. Starting with week one, Victory Garden 101 is leading gardeners through preparing a site, planning the garden, growing your own salad, tips for great tomatoes, using vertical space, watering, and dealing with insect of disease problems.It’s also not too late to get some of Kansans’ favorites into the ground.“Right now is a great time to plant tomatoes and green beans,” McMahon said. “And over the next couple weeks, other warm season vegetables like cucumbers, squash, melons, peppers and eggplant can be planted.”For ideas on what can be planted in Kansas – and the best time to do so – interested persons should read the&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf315.pdf">Vegetable Garden Planting Guide</a>, published through K-State Research and Extension. McMahon notes that the third page of that guide has a planting calendar that serves as an easy-to-use reference for planting fruits and vegetables.“I really encourage people to start with some leafy greens because they grow to maturity a lot faster than other crops,” McMahon said. “Plus, they’re a short project. If you grow some lettuce and after harvesting it in 50 to 60 days you decide this gardening thing is not for you, then you haven’t invested too much time and you still got something out of it.“Tomatoes, potatoes and squash…they’re flashy vegetables, but they are an investment of time, and you have a lot of gardening work to do to get to your harvest endpoint.”For more information regarding gardening, interested persons are also encouraged to join the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/victorygarden101/">Victory Garden 101 Facebook page</a>.

‘Victory Garden’ course draws more than 800…and counting

Let’s go to a farm show. We’ll see lots of vendors, hear speakers with the latest information, and learn about various products. But wait, we can’t do that. There’s a pandemic and a stay-at-home order in place.

What if we could participate in a farm show and do so virtually and safely, from the comfort of our homes? Today we’ll learn about a community which accomplished exactly that.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is one of the agriculture and natural resources agents for the K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District, serving Barton and Ellis counties. She grew up in Dodge City, earned an animal science degree, and got a job as a zookeeper for rare breeds of livestock at the Sedgwick County Zoo before joining extension. Her extension position enabled Alicia and her husband to move to her husband’s hometown of Hoisington in Barton County. Hoisington is a rural community of 2,706 people. Now, that’s rural.

Alicia’s duties included lining up speakers for the annual Great Bend farm and ranch show which attracts thousands of people to Great Bend each spring. She was assisted by Jared Petersilie, the agriculture extension agent in the neighboring Walnut Creek District. Because of the interest in growing industrial hemp, the name of the 2020 show was changed to the Great Bend Farm, Ranch &amp; Hemp Expo.

Then came the coronavirus, followed by stay-at-home orders. Alicia and Jared had already lined up the speakers but reluctantly notified the planners that they could no longer participate.

In March, two weeks before the scheduled beginning of the expo in early April, Alicia got another request. The expo organizers wanted to make this a virtual expo. Could the speakers present their programs after all? Alicia decided to give it a try.

How in the world does someone conduct a virtual expo? The planners in Great Bend worked with a company with the domain name,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.virtualfarmexpo.com/">www.virtualfarmexpo.com</a>. In a matter of a couple of weeks, they managed to organize the event so that it could function online.

Alicia contacted her K-State speakers and found that they were willing. The original idea was that they would pre-record presentations to be presented during the expo, but it turned out that live Zoom presentations worked even better. This allowed for real-time interaction with the participants.

On April 8, 9 and 10 – the originally scheduled dates – the Great Bend Farm, Ranch &amp; Hemp Expo was conducted virtually. Participants got online, viewed the exhibits, and interacted with the speakers through their electronic devices.

The K-State speakers included Jason Griffin, an industrial hemp researcher at the John C. Pair Horticulture Center near Haysville; wheat specialist Romulo Lollato in Manhattan; and grain marketing economist Dan O’Brien in Colby. All were able to present their research results, share their screens with viewers, and respond to questions.

The presentations were live and also recorded. “We broke these into segments by crop,” Alicia said. “That way if a producer was interested specifically in grain sorghum, for example, they didn’t have to listen to an hour on other crops to get the 10 minutes that they wanted.”

What about the exhibits? The organizers created a screen image which looked like a booth one would see at the farm show. Exhibitors were able to populate that screen with their own pictures, information and videos, which rotated online during the show. It was an ingenious way to share the information while doing so safely and remotely. The K-State booth, for example, included links to extension publications and generated more than 1,000 views.

This was accomplished in a remarkably short time frame. “It was stressful, but it was fun,” Alicia said.

“At last year’s state extension conference, we were asked to innovate. I didn’t realize we would be forced to do it so quickly," she said with a smile. “We do have to find new ways to reach the public.”

It’s time to leave this virtual farm show. We commend Alicia Boor and all those who made a difference by using technology in this way. They were able to make “virtual” a reality.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/5/1588772194734.png" alt="Screen Shot 2020-05-06 at 8.36.17 AM.png" />
 <figcaption>Screen Shot 2020-05-06 at 8.36.17 AM.png</figcaption>
 </figure>By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural DevelopmentLet’s go to a farm show. We’ll see lots of vendors, hear speakers with the latest information, and learn about various products. But wait, we can’t do that. There’s a pandemic and a stay-at-home order in place.What if we could participate in a farm show and do so virtually and safely, from the comfort of our homes? Today we’ll learn about a community which accomplished exactly that.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is one of the agriculture and natural resources agents for the K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District, serving Barton and Ellis counties. She grew up in Dodge City, earned an animal science degree, and got a job as a zookeeper for rare breeds of livestock at the Sedgwick County Zoo before joining extension. Her extension position enabled Alicia and her husband to move to her husband’s hometown of Hoisington in Barton County. Hoisington is a rural community of 2,706 people. Now, that’s rural.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor</figcaption>
 </figure>Alicia’s duties included lining up speakers for the annual Great Bend farm and ranch show which attracts thousands of people to Great Bend each spring. She was assisted by Jared Petersilie, the agriculture extension agent in the neighboring Walnut Creek District. Because of the interest in growing industrial hemp, the name of the 2020 show was changed to the Great Bend Farm, Ranch &amp; Hemp Expo.Then came the coronavirus, followed by stay-at-home orders. Alicia and Jared had already lined up the speakers but reluctantly notified the planners that they could no longer participate.In March, two weeks before the scheduled beginning of the expo in early April, Alicia got another request. The expo organizers wanted to make this a virtual expo. Could the speakers present their programs after all? Alicia decided to give it a try.How in the world does someone conduct a virtual expo? The planners in Great Bend worked with a company with the domain name,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.virtualfarmexpo.com/">www.virtualfarmexpo.com</a>. In a matter of a couple of weeks, they managed to organize the event so that it could function online.Alicia contacted her K-State speakers and found that they were willing. The original idea was that they would pre-record presentations to be presented during the expo, but it turned out that live Zoom presentations worked even better. This allowed for real-time interaction with the participants.On April 8, 9 and 10 – the originally scheduled dates – the Great Bend Farm, Ranch &amp; Hemp Expo was conducted virtually. Participants got online, viewed the exhibits, and interacted with the speakers through their electronic devices.The K-State speakers included Jason Griffin, an industrial hemp researcher at the John C. Pair Horticulture Center near Haysville; wheat specialist Romulo Lollato in Manhattan; and grain marketing economist Dan O’Brien in Colby. All were able to present their research results, share their screens with viewers, and respond to questions.The presentations were live and also recorded. “We broke these into segments by crop,” Alicia said. “That way if a producer was interested specifically in grain sorghum, for example, they didn’t have to listen to an hour on other crops to get the 10 minutes that they wanted.”What about the exhibits? The organizers created a screen image which looked like a booth one would see at the farm show. Exhibitors were able to populate that screen with their own pictures, information and videos, which rotated online during the show. It was an ingenious way to share the information while doing so safely and remotely. The K-State booth, for example, included links to extension publications and generated more than 1,000 views.This was accomplished in a remarkably short time frame. “It was stressful, but it was fun,” Alicia said.“At last year’s state extension conference, we were asked to innovate. I didn’t realize we would be forced to do it so quickly," she said with a smile. “We do have to find new ways to reach the public.”It’s time to leave this virtual farm show. We commend Alicia Boor and all those who made a difference by using technology in this way. They were able to make “virtual” a reality.

Now That’s Rural: Alicia Boor, Great Bend virtual farm show

Learning to identify poison ivy is vital if you wish to avoid the rash that accompanies exposure.&nbsp; Unfortunately, poison ivy can make identification difficult because it occurs in three forms: an erect woody shrub, a groundcover that creeps along the ground, and a woody vine that will climb trees.&nbsp;



When poison ivy climbs, it forms numerous aerial roots that give the vine the appearance of a fuzzy rope. The leaves of poison ivy also vary. Though the compound leaf always has three leaflets, the leaf margins may be toothed, incised, lobed or smooth. 

The size of the leaves also can vary, although usually the middle leaflet is larger than the other two. Also, the middle leaflet is the only one with a long stalk; the other two are closely attached to the petiole (leaf stem). 

The number of leaves gives rise to the saying: "Leaves of three, let it be!" Poison ivy is often confused with Virginia creeper or Woodbine. Each of these vines, however, has five leaflets rather than three.

There are three methods commonly used to eradicate poison ivy. These include pulling or grubbing out the plants by hand, cutting off the vine, and then treating the cut stump or the regrowth, and spraying the plants directly. 

The method used depends somewhat on the plant's growth form.&nbsp;

If the plant is growing as a groundcover, direct spray or grubbing the plant out is often used. If grubbing, wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt. The soil must be moist for grubbing to work well. Wash the clothes and yourself immediately after you finish. It might also be a good idea to rinse the washing machine.&nbsp;



If the plant is in the shrub form, direct spray is the most common control method. If the plant is a woody vine that has climbed a tree, the preferred method is to cut the plant off at the base and treat the sprouts after they emerge. 

Some triclopyr herbicides also have instructions on treating a freshly cut stump directly. Triclopyr (Brush-B-Gon Poison Ivy Killer, Brush Killer Stump Killer) is most often used for poison ivy control. Other herbicides that can be used include glyphosate (Roundup; Killzall Weed and Grass Killer; Nutgrass, Poison Ivy and Vine Killer) or dicamba. Poison ivy is tough. Repeat applications may be necessary.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588003925233.png" alt="Poison Ivy has three large, distinctive leaves. Most people use a saying “leaves of three, let it be” to help identify poison ivy." />
 <figcaption>Poison Ivy has three large, distinctive leaves. Most people use a saying “leaves of three, let it be” to help identify poison ivy.</figcaption>
 </figure>Learning to identify poison ivy is vital if you wish to avoid the rash that accompanies exposure.&nbsp; Unfortunately, poison ivy can make identification difficult because it occurs in three forms: an erect woody shrub, a groundcover that creeps along the ground, and a woody vine that will climb trees.&nbsp;
<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>
When poison ivy climbs, it forms numerous aerial roots that give the vine the appearance of a fuzzy rope. The leaves of poison ivy also vary. Though the compound leaf always has three leaflets, the leaf margins may be toothed, incised, lobed or smooth. The size of the leaves also can vary, although usually the middle leaflet is larger than the other two. Also, the middle leaflet is the only one with a long stalk; the other two are closely attached to the petiole (leaf stem). The number of leaves gives rise to the saying: "Leaves of three, let it be!" Poison ivy is often confused with Virginia creeper or Woodbine. Each of these vines, however, has five leaflets rather than three.

There are three methods commonly used to eradicate poison ivy. These include pulling or grubbing out the plants by hand, cutting off the vine, and then treating the cut stump or the regrowth, and spraying the plants directly. The method used depends somewhat on the plant's growth form.&nbsp;

If the plant is growing as a groundcover, direct spray or grubbing the plant out is often used. If grubbing, wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt. The soil must be moist for grubbing to work well. Wash the clothes and yourself immediately after you finish. It might also be a good idea to rinse the washing machine.&nbsp;

If the plant is in the shrub form, direct spray is the most common control method. If the plant is a woody vine that has climbed a tree, the preferred method is to cut the plant off at the base and treat the sprouts after they emerge. Some triclopyr herbicides also have instructions on treating a freshly cut stump directly. Triclopyr (Brush-B-Gon Poison Ivy Killer, Brush Killer Stump Killer) is most often used for poison ivy control. Other herbicides that can be used include glyphosate (Roundup; Killzall Weed and Grass Killer; Nutgrass, Poison Ivy and Vine Killer) or dicamba. Poison ivy is tough. Repeat applications may be necessary.&nbsp;Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Poison ivy identification and control

Let’s go to a beach in Florida. A wedding is taking place on this beachfront location, complete with beautiful floral arrangements. And where do you suppose these flowers came from? They came from halfway across the continent in rural Kansas.

Phyllis Cheney is the owner of Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More in Chapman, Kansas. Hers is the flower shop which supplied this wedding. As of this writing, her shop is closed due to the coronavirus pandemic, but Phyllis plans to reopen after the pandemic is over.

Phyllis grew up at Atwood. She met and married her husband Greg and studied floriculture and horticulture at Kansas State University before going to Scott City where they farmed for many years. They had a daughter named Vickie who especially enjoyed dance as a child. Vickie grew up and moved to eastern Kansas. She met and married Jeremiah Woods, who lived near Chapman. Eventually Vickie’s parents – Phyllis and Greg – decided to move to Chapman as well.

One day, Phyllis and daughter Vickie were looking at houses in Chapman when they noticed an open building downtown. Vicki had been working as a dance instructor at Fort Riley but was thinking of opening her own dance studio.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“This is perfect,” Vickie told her mother. “It’s going to need some remodeling, but we can do it.”

Vickie and Jeremiah bought the building and remodeled it. The back side of the building became the site of Vickie’s dance studio, called Downtown Dance and Tumbling. Phyllis opened a flower and gift shop in the front side of the building. She called her shop Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More.

Phyllis had previously worked part-time in a flower shop and always had an interest in floral design. Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More is a floral, gift and boutique shop. Her business offers Kansas products such as gift baskets, blown glasswork, Tonja’s Toffee, wooden puzzles, handmade soaps and other handcrafted items.

When it comes to floral arrangements, personal service is an emphasis for Phyllis. This is especially evident when it comes to funerals.

“I like to do something that tells the story of the person’s life, not just simply flowers,” Phyllis said. When her own father died, she helped design a personalized floral arrangement.

“Dad was an avid fisherman, and he always helped out during wheat harvest,” she said. “I knew our local florist really well, so she let me do the design.” It included a cane pole and a bobber on a spray of wheat, with a sign that said, “Gone Fishin.’”

“When I do a funeral spray, I try to learn as much about the person as I can before the family comes in,” Phyllis said. “If they are former military or have a special hobby, I try to bring in something that depicts that person’s life.” She has designed a funeral floral display with toy John Deere equipment for a retired farmer and used quilt squares for a former quilter, for example.

Phyllis especially enjoyed doing her granddaughter’s wedding flowers. Phyllis also recalled a local girl who was planning a beachfront wedding in Florida and ordered flowers online, but found the flowers were not at all what she expected. She asked Phyllis to put together silk flower arrangements on short notice, and Phyllis was able to get it done.

It’s a long way from Chapman to the Florida beach, but Phyllis Cheney’s arrangements made the wedding special. That’s impressive for a floral shop located in a rural community like Chapman, population 1,393 people. Now, that’s rural.

For more information, go to Facebook and search for Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More.

It’s time to leave the beachfront in Florida where Phyllis’s flowers helped decorate this wedding site. We commend Phyllis Cheney and her daughter, Vickie Woods of Downtown Dance and Tumbling, for making a difference by bringing their talents and entrepreneurship to rural America. I hope their businesses will grow and flower.

And there’s more. Tonja’s Toffee was one of the products featured in Phyllis’ shop, and it is part of a special legacy. We’ll learn about that next week.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1587562694953.png" alt="Phyllis Cheney" />
 <figcaption>Phyllis Cheney</figcaption>
 </figure>By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural DevelopmentLet’s go to a beach in Florida. A wedding is taking place on this beachfront location, complete with beautiful floral arrangements. And where do you suppose these flowers came from? They came from halfway across the continent in rural Kansas.Phyllis Cheney is the owner of Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More in Chapman, Kansas. Hers is the flower shop which supplied this wedding. As of this writing, her shop is closed due to the coronavirus pandemic, but Phyllis plans to reopen after the pandemic is over.Phyllis grew up at Atwood. She met and married her husband Greg and studied floriculture and horticulture at Kansas State University before going to Scott City where they farmed for many years. They had a daughter named Vickie who especially enjoyed dance as a child. Vickie grew up and moved to eastern Kansas. She met and married Jeremiah Woods, who lived near Chapman. Eventually Vickie’s parents – Phyllis and Greg – decided to move to Chapman as well.One day, Phyllis and daughter Vickie were looking at houses in Chapman when they noticed an open building downtown. Vicki had been working as a dance instructor at Fort Riley but was thinking of opening her own dance studio.&nbsp;&nbsp;“This is perfect,” Vickie told her mother. “It’s going to need some remodeling, but we can do it.”Vickie and Jeremiah bought the building and remodeled it. The back side of the building became the site of Vickie’s dance studio, called Downtown Dance and Tumbling. Phyllis opened a flower and gift shop in the front side of the building. She called her shop Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More.Phyllis had previously worked part-time in a flower shop and always had an interest in floral design. Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More is a floral, gift and boutique shop. Her business offers Kansas products such as gift baskets, blown glasswork, Tonja’s Toffee, wooden puzzles, handmade soaps and other handcrafted items.When it comes to floral arrangements, personal service is an emphasis for Phyllis. This is especially evident when it comes to funerals.“I like to do something that tells the story of the person’s life, not just simply flowers,” Phyllis said. When her own father died, she helped design a personalized floral arrangement.“Dad was an avid fisherman, and he always helped out during wheat harvest,” she said. “I knew our local florist really well, so she let me do the design.” It included a cane pole and a bobber on a spray of wheat, with a sign that said, “Gone Fishin.’”“When I do a funeral spray, I try to learn as much about the person as I can before the family comes in,” Phyllis said. “If they are former military or have a special hobby, I try to bring in something that depicts that person’s life.” She has designed a funeral floral display with toy John Deere equipment for a retired farmer and used quilt squares for a former quilter, for example.Phyllis especially enjoyed doing her granddaughter’s wedding flowers. Phyllis also recalled a local girl who was planning a beachfront wedding in Florida and ordered flowers online, but found the flowers were not at all what she expected. She asked Phyllis to put together silk flower arrangements on short notice, and Phyllis was able to get it done.It’s a long way from Chapman to the Florida beach, but Phyllis Cheney’s arrangements made the wedding special. That’s impressive for a floral shop located in a rural community like Chapman, population 1,393 people. Now, that’s rural.For more information, go to Facebook and search for Phyllis’ Flowers &amp; More.It’s time to leave the beachfront in Florida where Phyllis’s flowers helped decorate this wedding site. We commend Phyllis Cheney and her daughter, Vickie Woods of Downtown Dance and Tumbling, for making a difference by bringing their talents and entrepreneurship to rural America. I hope their businesses will grow and flower.And there’s more. Tonja’s Toffee was one of the products featured in Phyllis’ shop, and it is part of a special legacy. We’ll learn about that next week.

Now That’s Rural: Phyllis Cheney, Phyllis’ Flowers & More

If you have had problems with canes or stems of lilac and privet suddenly wilting, or ash trees that show borer holes in the trunk and larger branches, the ash/lilac borer may be to blame. 

This insect causes the base of infested lilac stems to swell and the bark to separate from the wood. A fine sawdust-like material is present around holes in the canes. Ash and mountain ash also are affected. The borer attacks the trunk, which may cause bark to swell and crack if there are repeated infestations.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


Ash/lilac borers overwinter as larvae in infested trees and shrubs. Moths generally begin to emerge in mid to late April. Emergence peaks in May, dwindles by mid to late June and ends by the first week of July. However, this varies by year. The moth has clear wings and resembles a wasp. There is one generation per year.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


Public and commercially managed properties often use pheromone traps to determine the presence of adults. Spray treatments are started seven to 10 days after capture of the first moths.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;


Sprays also can be timed using phenology, the practice of timing one event by another. The first spray for ash/lilac borer should be applied when the Vanhoutte spirea is in full to late bloom. This is often about the third week in April but can be as early as late March and as late as mid-May. Apply a second spray four weeks after the first. 

To see a photo of Vanhoutte spirea, go to:&nbsp;<a href="http://plantsci.missouri.edu/ps2210/list9/spix_van.htm">http://plantsci.missouri.edu/ps2210/list9/spix_van.htm</a>&nbsp;.
&nbsp;
Thoroughly treat the trunk and larger limbs of ash or the lower portion of the stems of lilac or privet. Heavily infested ash should be cut and burned during the fall and winter. Infested stems of lilac or privet should be removed as well.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

Bifenthrin or permethrin (Hi-Yield Garden, Pet, and Livestock Insect Control and 38 Plus Turf, Termite and Ornamental Insect Control) are labeled for control. Though there are a number of homeowner products that contain one or the other of these two active ingredients, the permethrin products listed above are the only ones I've found that specifically lists the ash/lilac borer on the label with directions for control.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>If you have had problems with canes or stems of lilac and privet suddenly wilting, or ash trees that show borer holes in the trunk and larger branches, the ash/lilac borer may be to blame. This insect causes the base of infested lilac stems to swell and the bark to separate from the wood. A fine sawdust-like material is present around holes in the canes. Ash and mountain ash also are affected. The borer attacks the trunk, which may cause bark to swell and crack if there are repeated infestations.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Ash/lilac borers overwinter as larvae in infested trees and shrubs. Moths generally begin to emerge in mid to late April. Emergence peaks in May, dwindles by mid to late June and ends by the first week of July. However, this varies by year. The moth has clear wings and resembles a wasp. There is one generation per year.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Public and commercially managed properties often use pheromone traps to determine the presence of adults. Spray treatments are started seven to 10 days after capture of the first moths.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Sprays also can be timed using phenology, the practice of timing one event by another. The first spray for ash/lilac borer should be applied when the Vanhoutte spirea is in full to late bloom. This is often about the third week in April but can be as early as late March and as late as mid-May. Apply a second spray four weeks after the first. To see a photo of Vanhoutte spirea, go to:&nbsp;<a href="http://plantsci.missouri.edu/ps2210/list9/spix_van.htm">http://plantsci.missouri.edu/ps2210/list9/spix_van.htm</a>&nbsp;.
&nbsp;
Thoroughly treat the trunk and larger limbs of ash or the lower portion of the stems of lilac or privet. Heavily infested ash should be cut and burned during the fall and winter. Infested stems of lilac or privet should be removed as well.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bifenthrin or permethrin (Hi-Yield Garden, Pet, and Livestock Insect Control and 38 Plus Turf, Termite and Ornamental Insect Control) are labeled for control. Though there are a number of homeowner products that contain one or the other of these two active ingredients, the permethrin products listed above are the only ones I've found that specifically lists the ash/lilac borer on the label with directions for control.&nbsp;Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Protecting your lilacs from ash/lilac borer

The plant with the little purple flowers that have been showing up in home lawns is called henbit. If you are not sure this is what you have, check the stems. If they are square rather than round, you have henbit. A plant that also is low growing but has round stems and tiny white flowers is chickweed.&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp; Both these plants are winter annuals and start to grow in the fall. They spend the winter as small plants and so most people do not pay much attention to them until they start to flower in the spring. Trying to kill either one at this late stage with a herbicide usually is a waste of time and money. Though plants may be burned back, they will rarely be killed. So what should you do? Remember, these are winter annuals that will die as soon as the weather turns hot. &nbsp; Keep the lawn mowed until nature takes its course.

However, you can do something next fall that will help next spring. Henbit and chickweed usually germinate about mid-October. Spraying with 2,4-D, Weed-B-Gon, Weed Free Zone, Weed Out, or Trimec in late October to early November can go a long way toward eliminating these plants as they are small and relatively easy to control. Choose a day that is at least 50 degrees F.&nbsp; These herbicides will work at temperatures below 50 degrees but the weeds are killed at a slower rate.&nbsp; You may also use a preemergent herbicide for lawns in late September as long as have not recently put down grass seed.&nbsp; Spraying with the postemergence herbicides mentioned earlier will also catch dandelions which the preemergent herbicides will miss.

&nbsp;&nbsp; Spot treating will probably be needed in the spring (March) whichever method of control you use but is more likely with the use of preemergent herbicides. Use Weed Free Zone, Speed Zone, Weed Out, Weed-B-Gon, Trimec, or one of the special henbit herbicides early in the spring before they have put on much growth.

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>The plant with the little purple flowers that have been showing up in home lawns is called henbit. If you are not sure this is what you have, check the stems. If they are square rather than round, you have henbit. A plant that also is low growing but has round stems and tiny white flowers is chickweed.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Both these plants are winter annuals and start to grow in the fall. They spend the winter as small plants and so most people do not pay much attention to them until they start to flower in the spring. Trying to kill either one at this late stage with a herbicide usually is a waste of time and money. Though plants may be burned back, they will rarely be killed. So what should you do? Remember, these are winter annuals that will die as soon as the weather turns hot. &nbsp; Keep the lawn mowed until nature takes its course.However, you can do something next fall that will help next spring. Henbit and chickweed usually germinate about mid-October. Spraying with 2,4-D, Weed-B-Gon, Weed Free Zone, Weed Out, or Trimec in late October to early November can go a long way toward eliminating these plants as they are small and relatively easy to control. Choose a day that is at least 50 degrees F.&nbsp; These herbicides will work at temperatures below 50 degrees but the weeds are killed at a slower rate.&nbsp; You may also use a preemergent herbicide for lawns in late September as long as have not recently put down grass seed.&nbsp; Spraying with the postemergence herbicides mentioned earlier will also catch dandelions which the preemergent herbicides will miss.&nbsp;&nbsp; Spot treating will probably be needed in the spring (March) whichever method of control you use but is more likely with the use of preemergent herbicides. Use Weed Free Zone, Speed Zone, Weed Out, Weed-B-Gon, Trimec, or one of the special henbit herbicides early in the spring before they have put on much growth.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

FICK: Henbit and chickweed in lawns   

The physical portion of the Great Bend Farm and Ranch Expo has been canceled because of Covid 19, but that doesn’t mean it’s cancelled entirely! As with many other events and programs, the creators of the Expo have gotten creative and moved the entire Expo online! The vendors will still be on their Facebook page to help and assist you with your farming, ranching, and hemp needs. Along with this, K-State Research and Extension will still have educational programs for you! On April 8th-10th at noon, join us at starexpos.net for a Zoom lunch and Learn with KSRE!

On Wednesday, April 8th, join Romulo Lollato, K-State Research and Extension’s Wheat and Forage Specialist. He will be on the Zoom to discuss his research projects at the Great Bend Coop’s wheat research plot. He will discuss his current research on site that includes: different wheat varieties and how they respond to different management practices, growth regulators, seed treatments, seeding rates, and others. He will also be available to answer any questions that producers have about the 2020 wheat crop.

April 9th at noon will be Hemp research update by Jason Griffin, Professor &amp; Director, John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Kansas State University, Dept. Horticulture &amp; Natural Resources. Jason leads the Hemp research the Kansas State University conducted in 2019 that he will report on as well as give an update on what they will be researching in 2020. He will also be available for questions after his presentation.&nbsp;

On April 12th, Dan O’Brien, K-State Research and Extension Associate Professor in the Agriculture Economics Department will give a grain Marketing update. Dan will give a brief overview of the current grain market report and important information for your marketing decisions. As with the other specialists, he will be available for questions after his presentation.

Whatever your interests are when it comes to farming, there is a subject and specialist that can help you with information. Our specialists are happy to work with technology and new ideas to share the latest information and research to help you be able to succeed at your farm. Join us during the lunch hour at the Great Bend Farm and Ranch show April 8th through the 10th for all of K-State Research and Extension’s programming. For further information, like the Great Bend Farm, Ranch, and Hemp Expo at https://www.facebook.com/GBFarmRanchExpo

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The physical portion of the Great Bend Farm and Ranch Expo has been canceled because of Covid 19, but that doesn’t mean it’s cancelled entirely! As with many other events and programs, the creators of the Expo have gotten creative and moved the entire Expo online! The vendors will still be on their Facebook page to help and assist you with your farming, ranching, and hemp needs. Along with this, K-State Research and Extension will still have educational programs for you! On April 8th-10th at noon, join us at starexpos.net for a Zoom lunch and Learn with KSRE!On Wednesday, April 8th, join Romulo Lollato, K-State Research and Extension’s Wheat and Forage Specialist. He will be on the Zoom to discuss his research projects at the Great Bend Coop’s wheat research plot. He will discuss his current research on site that includes: different wheat varieties and how they respond to different management practices, growth regulators, seed treatments, seeding rates, and others. He will also be available to answer any questions that producers have about the 2020 wheat crop.April 9th at noon will be Hemp research update by Jason Griffin, Professor &amp; Director, John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Kansas State University, Dept. Horticulture &amp; Natural Resources. Jason leads the Hemp research the Kansas State University conducted in 2019 that he will report on as well as give an update on what they will be researching in 2020. He will also be available for questions after his presentation.&nbsp;On April 12th, Dan O’Brien, K-State Research and Extension Associate Professor in the Agriculture Economics Department will give a grain Marketing update. Dan will give a brief overview of the current grain market report and important information for your marketing decisions. As with the other specialists, he will be available for questions after his presentation.Whatever your interests are when it comes to farming, there is a subject and specialist that can help you with information. Our specialists are happy to work with technology and new ideas to share the latest information and research to help you be able to succeed at your farm. Join us during the lunch hour at the Great Bend Farm and Ranch show April 8th through the 10th for all of K-State Research and Extension’s programming. For further information, like the Great Bend Farm, Ranch, and Hemp Expo at https://www.facebook.com/GBFarmRanchExpoAlicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Great Bend ag expo will proceed online


MANHATTAN —&nbsp; The Kansas Department of Agriculture is accepting applications for the 2020 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program. Funds for the program are awarded to the agency by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
Agricultural Marketing Service. The funds are in turn granted to projects and organizations that promote the competitiveness of specialty crops.


The purpose of the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program is to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops, which are defined by the USDA as “fruits, vegetables, tree nuts,
dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops, including floriculture.”


Applications will be evaluated by a team of external reviewers. The team will rate proposals on their ability to successfully promote specialty crops in Kansas and make a positive impact on the Kansas economy. Those
recommendations will be submitted to the Kansas Secretary of Agriculture, who will make the final awards. 

Applications are due to KDA no later than 5:00 p.m. on April 20, 2020. You can find more information about the grant program, including the 2020 application, at the KDA website: <a href="https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.ks.gov%2FSpecialtyCrop&amp;data=02%7C01%7C%7C18bd0f6a501940444c3008d7c42ede0c%7Cdcae8101c92d480cbc43c6761ccccc5a%7C0%7C0%7C637193579174420524&amp;sdata=0vGBr2IPabsflZku312QBe4IhTOEF3tD1S%2BFmPhZ9AU%3D&amp;reserved=0" target="_blank">agriculture.ks.gov/SpecialtyCrop</a>.
For other questions, contact Peter Oppelt, KDA economist, at <a href="mailto:Peter.Oppelt@ks.gov" target="_blank">Peter.Oppelt@ks.gov</a>
or 785-564-6726. &nbsp;

The Kansas Department of Agriculture is dedicated to providing an environment that enhances and encourages economic
growth of the agriculture industry and the Kansas economy including the further development and expansion of marketing opportunities for the specialty crop industry.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1583868600288.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>KDA
MANHATTAN —&nbsp; The Kansas Department of Agriculture is accepting applications for the 2020 Specialty Crop Block Grant Program. Funds for the program are awarded to the agency by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
Agricultural Marketing Service. The funds are in turn granted to projects and organizations that promote the competitiveness of specialty crops.
The purpose of the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program is to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops, which are defined by the USDA as “fruits, vegetables, tree nuts,
dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops, including floriculture.”
Applications will be evaluated by a team of external reviewers. The team will rate proposals on their ability to successfully promote specialty crops in Kansas and make a positive impact on the Kansas economy. Those
recommendations will be submitted to the Kansas Secretary of Agriculture, who will make the final awards. 
Applications are due to KDA no later than 5:00 p.m. on April 20, 2020. You can find more information about the grant program, including the 2020 application, at the KDA website: <a href="https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agriculture.ks.gov%2FSpecialtyCrop&amp;data=02%7C01%7C%7C18bd0f6a501940444c3008d7c42ede0c%7Cdcae8101c92d480cbc43c6761ccccc5a%7C0%7C0%7C637193579174420524&amp;sdata=0vGBr2IPabsflZku312QBe4IhTOEF3tD1S%2BFmPhZ9AU%3D&amp;reserved=0" target="_blank">agriculture.ks.gov/SpecialtyCrop</a>.
For other questions, contact Peter Oppelt, KDA economist, at <a href="mailto:Peter.Oppelt@ks.gov" target="_blank">Peter.Oppelt@ks.gov</a>
or 785-564-6726. &nbsp;The Kansas Department of Agriculture is dedicated to providing an environment that enhances and encourages economic
growth of the agriculture industry and the Kansas economy including the further development and expansion of marketing opportunities for the specialty crop industry.

KDA announces Specialty Crop Grant opportunity

People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. Actually there are a number of reasons that tend to make fall seeding more successful.

The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.

Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.

In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass.&nbsp; Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension).&nbsp; It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses; not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia and Bermuda have. Therefore they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.

Seeding cool-season grasses in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a> or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. Actually there are a number of reasons that tend to make fall seeding more successful.The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass.&nbsp; Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension).&nbsp; It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination.&nbsp; &nbsp;Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses; not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia and Bermuda have. Therefore they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.Seeding cool-season grasses in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions she can be contacted by e-mail at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a> or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

FICK: The difficulty of seeding cool-season grasses in spring

Leonard Duane Wertz was born June 14, 1940, and bounded into eternity February 21, 2020.

Born to Richard and Pearl Wertz in Las Animas, Colorado, Len was the youngest of four children. His childhood stories seemed larger than life: seeing electricity come to the McClave area, bareback horse riding, nearly drowning in John Martin Reservoir, 4H and FFA exploits, and meeting President Eisenhower. After graduating from McClave High School, he went on to receive a biology degree with minors in music and horticulture from Colorado State University. He then taught chemistry in the Peace Corps in Ghana, Africa, bringing home tales of eating rat meat.

Upon returning home from Ghana, he swept Ronda Hostetler off her feet and married her on September 23, 1967. They traveled extensively across the USA and enjoyed multiple trips to Israel, Europe, and the UK. Together they raised two boys, Brad and Todd, who went on to marry and bring nine grandchildren into his life. He was a proud “Gramps," interested in praying for and promoting their adventures while watching them grow up to be productive young men and women.&nbsp; He also enjoyed two great-grandchildren who made him smile even when he could no longer pick them up, one of whom prayed with him the day before he passed into eternity.

In 1975, Len started Youth Retreat, a summer discipleship camp in the Rockies designed to teach young people the joy of knowing Jesus through Biblical instruction. He is remembered by many for charging up a mountain trail with Bible under one arm, a poster board under the other, with forty youth following close behind. As a minister in the Dunkard Brethren Church, Len conducted revival meetings all over the United States. Through these, he influenced many and was keen on motivating believers away from the status quo toward robust, faith-filled living.

His unending optimism was grounded in a firm faith in Jesus as his Savior and Lord. His seemingly tireless energy and determination to be productive amazed all who knew him. Len loved life and poured his passion into people. Over the years he was a biology teacher, florist, chemist, sales rep, and finally served as a paraeducator in the Quinter public schools. He enjoyed travel, gardening, floral design, barbershop, studying prophecy, and Youth Retreat, and taught his family to celebrate Christmas wholeheartedly. To Len, no meal was complete without dessert, his favorite part of eating.&nbsp;

On this side of eternity, he left his wife Ronda Wertz of Quinter; sons, Brad (Kirsten) and Todd (Ricki); grandsons Matthias (Cassie, Blaine, Corey, Keegan, Aiden; granddaughters Kimberly, Liberty, Autumn, and Jillian, all of Quinter; great-grandchildren Liam and Lauren Wertz of Quinter; and three siblings: Etta &nbsp; Clayton, Ivan Wertz (Edna, Wanda Lutz (John). He was preceded in death by his parents; Lawrence Clayton (brother-in-law); and granddaughter Elizabeth Wertz.

Visitation will be held from 4:00 PM until 6:00 PM on Sunday, March 1, 2020 at Schmitt Funeral Home, Quinter.

Services will be held at 10:00 AM, Monday, March 2, 2020 at Quinter Church of the Brethren, with burial to follow at Baker Township cemetery.&nbsp;

Memorial contributions are suggested to the Dunkard Brethren Retreat. Donations to the organization may be sent to Donations made to the organizations may be sent to Schmitt Funeral Home, 901 South Main, Quinter, KS 67752.

Condolences may be left for the family by visiting schmittfuneral.com

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582477550001.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Leonard Duane Wertz was born June 14, 1940, and bounded into eternity February 21, 2020.Born to Richard and Pearl Wertz in Las Animas, Colorado, Len was the youngest of four children. His childhood stories seemed larger than life: seeing electricity come to the McClave area, bareback horse riding, nearly drowning in John Martin Reservoir, 4H and FFA exploits, and meeting President Eisenhower. After graduating from McClave High School, he went on to receive a biology degree with minors in music and horticulture from Colorado State University. He then taught chemistry in the Peace Corps in Ghana, Africa, bringing home tales of eating rat meat.Upon returning home from Ghana, he swept Ronda Hostetler off her feet and married her on September 23, 1967. They traveled extensively across the USA and enjoyed multiple trips to Israel, Europe, and the UK. Together they raised two boys, Brad and Todd, who went on to marry and bring nine grandchildren into his life. He was a proud “Gramps," interested in praying for and promoting their adventures while watching them grow up to be productive young men and women.&nbsp; He also enjoyed two great-grandchildren who made him smile even when he could no longer pick them up, one of whom prayed with him the day before he passed into eternity.In 1975, Len started Youth Retreat, a summer discipleship camp in the Rockies designed to teach young people the joy of knowing Jesus through Biblical instruction. He is remembered by many for charging up a mountain trail with Bible under one arm, a poster board under the other, with forty youth following close behind. As a minister in the Dunkard Brethren Church, Len conducted revival meetings all over the United States. Through these, he influenced many and was keen on motivating believers away from the status quo toward robust, faith-filled living.His unending optimism was grounded in a firm faith in Jesus as his Savior and Lord. His seemingly tireless energy and determination to be productive amazed all who knew him. Len loved life and poured his passion into people. Over the years he was a biology teacher, florist, chemist, sales rep, and finally served as a paraeducator in the Quinter public schools. He enjoyed travel, gardening, floral design, barbershop, studying prophecy, and Youth Retreat, and taught his family to celebrate Christmas wholeheartedly. To Len, no meal was complete without dessert, his favorite part of eating.&nbsp;On this side of eternity, he left his wife Ronda Wertz of Quinter; sons, Brad (Kirsten) and Todd (Ricki); grandsons Matthias (Cassie, Blaine, Corey, Keegan, Aiden; granddaughters Kimberly, Liberty, Autumn, and Jillian, all of Quinter; great-grandchildren Liam and Lauren Wertz of Quinter; and three siblings: Etta &nbsp; Clayton, Ivan Wertz (Edna, Wanda Lutz (John). He was preceded in death by his parents; Lawrence Clayton (brother-in-law); and granddaughter Elizabeth Wertz.Visitation will be held from 4:00 PM until 6:00 PM on Sunday, March 1, 2020 at Schmitt Funeral Home, Quinter.Services will be held at 10:00 AM, Monday, March 2, 2020 at Quinter Church of the Brethren, with burial to follow at Baker Township cemetery.&nbsp;Memorial contributions are suggested to the Dunkard Brethren Retreat. Donations to the organization may be sent to Donations made to the organizations may be sent to Schmitt Funeral Home, 901 South Main, Quinter, KS 67752.Condolences may be left for the family by visiting schmittfuneral.com

Leonard Duane Wertz

Most gardeners think that soil tests are done only to find out what nutrients are deficient. However, it is&nbsp;just as important to know if you have adequate levels of nutrients so you don't add unneeded fertilizer.

The most basic soil test checks pH and the levels of phosphorus and potassium. Most of the lawn and&nbsp;garden soil tests that come out of our soil-testing lab show more than adequate levels of both&nbsp;phosphorus and potassium. If those nutrients are not needed, applying them is a waste of money and can be a source of pollution. In extreme cases, excess phosphorus can interfere with the&nbsp;uptake of micronutrients. So, if you haven't taken a soil test in several years, take one this spring.

Begin by taking a representative sample from a number of locations in the garden or lawn.&nbsp; Each sample&nbsp;is composed of about 8 sub-samples that go from the surface to 6 to 8 inches deep. Mix the sub-samplestogether in a clean container and select about 1 pint of soil.&nbsp;

Take the soil to your local K-State Research and Extension office to have tests done at the K-State soil-testing laboratory for a fee. A soil test determines fertility problems, not other conditions that mayexist such as poor drainage, poor soil structure, soil borne diseases or insects, chemical contaminants or&nbsp;damage, or shade with root competition from other plants. All of these conditions may reduce plant&nbsp;performance but cannot be evaluated by a soil test. If you are in need of a soil probe, the Extension&nbsp;Offices in both Ellis and Barton Co. have probes that can be checked out to the public.&nbsp;

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood District. She can be contacted by e-mail at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp; or by phone at 785-628-9430. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood District. " />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood District. </figcaption>
 </figure>Most gardeners think that soil tests are done only to find out what nutrients are deficient. However, it is&nbsp;just as important to know if you have adequate levels of nutrients so you don't add unneeded fertilizer.The most basic soil test checks pH and the levels of phosphorus and potassium. Most of the lawn and&nbsp;garden soil tests that come out of our soil-testing lab show more than adequate levels of both&nbsp;phosphorus and potassium. If those nutrients are not needed, applying them is a waste of money and can be a source of pollution. In extreme cases, excess phosphorus can interfere with the&nbsp;uptake of micronutrients. So, if you haven't taken a soil test in several years, take one this spring.Begin by taking a representative sample from a number of locations in the garden or lawn.&nbsp; Each sample&nbsp;is composed of about 8 sub-samples that go from the surface to 6 to 8 inches deep. Mix the sub-samplestogether in a clean container and select about 1 pint of soil.&nbsp;Take the soil to your local K-State Research and Extension office to have tests done at the K-State soil-testing laboratory for a fee. A soil test determines fertility problems, not other conditions that mayexist such as poor drainage, poor soil structure, soil borne diseases or insects, chemical contaminants or&nbsp;damage, or shade with root competition from other plants. All of these conditions may reduce plant&nbsp;performance but cannot be evaluated by a soil test. If you are in need of a soil probe, the Extension&nbsp;Offices in both Ellis and Barton Co. have probes that can be checked out to the public.&nbsp;Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood District. She can be contacted by e-mail at <a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp; or by phone at 785-628-9430. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

FICK: Soil testing will save time, money

Severe winter weather is not only hard on people but can be a life and death struggle for birds. Though birds also require water and shelter, food is often the resource most lacking during cold weather. 

Many different bird food mixes are available because various species often prefer different grains. 

However, there is one seed that has more universal appeal than any other: black oil sunflower. If you are new to the bird-feeding game, make sure there is a high percentage of this seed in your mix. White proso millet is second in popularity and is the favorite of dark-eyed juncos and other sparrows as well as the red-winged blackbird.

As you become more interested in bird feeding, you may want to use more than one feeder to attract specific species of birds. Following is a list of bird species with the grains they prefer:

- Cardinal, evening grosbeak and most finch species – sunflower seeds, all types.

- Rufous-sided towhee – white proso millet.

- Dark-eyed junco – white and red proso millet, canary seed, fine cracked corn.

- Many sparrow species – white and red proso millet.

- Bluejay – peanut kernels and sunflower seeds of all types.

- Chickadee and tufted titmouse – peanut kernels, oil (black) and black-striped sunflower seeds.

- Red-breasted nuthatch – oil (black) and black-striped sunflower seeds.

- Brown thrasher – hulled and black-striped sunflower seeds.

- Red-winged blackbird – white and red proso millet plus German (golden) millet

- Mourning dove – oil (black) sunflower seeds, white and red proso plus German (golden)millet.

Extended cold periods can also make water unavailable. 

A heated birdbath can be a tremendous draw for birds during times when all other water is frozen. Energy use is usually less than what most people expect IF the heater has a built-in thermostat.

If you would like more information, Chuck Otte, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agent for Geary County has a series of backyard birding guides at <a href="http://gearycountyextension.com/NRMW.htm">http://gearycountyextension.com/NRMW.htm</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750515658.png" alt="An American Goldfinch in a winter storm. (Flickr photo by itsgreg)" />
 <figcaption>An American Goldfinch in a winter storm. (Flickr photo by itsgreg)</figcaption>
 </figure>Severe winter weather is not only hard on people but can be a life and death struggle for birds. Though birds also require water and shelter, food is often the resource most lacking during cold weather. Many different bird food mixes are available because various species often prefer different grains. However, there is one seed that has more universal appeal than any other: black oil sunflower. If you are new to the bird-feeding game, make sure there is a high percentage of this seed in your mix. White proso millet is second in popularity and is the favorite of dark-eyed juncos and other sparrows as well as the red-winged blackbird.As you become more interested in bird feeding, you may want to use more than one feeder to attract specific species of birds. Following is a list of bird species with the grains they prefer:- Cardinal, evening grosbeak and most finch species – sunflower seeds, all types.- Rufous-sided towhee – white proso millet.- Dark-eyed junco – white and red proso millet, canary seed, fine cracked corn.- Many sparrow species – white and red proso millet.- Bluejay – peanut kernels and sunflower seeds of all types.- Chickadee and tufted titmouse – peanut kernels, oil (black) and black-striped sunflower seeds.- Red-breasted nuthatch – oil (black) and black-striped sunflower seeds.- Brown thrasher – hulled and black-striped sunflower seeds.- Red-winged blackbird – white and red proso millet plus German (golden) millet- Mourning dove – oil (black) sunflower seeds, white and red proso plus German (golden)millet.Extended cold periods can also make water unavailable. A heated birdbath can be a tremendous draw for birds during times when all other water is frozen. Energy use is usually less than what most people expect IF the heater has a built-in thermostat. If you would like more information, Chuck Otte, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension Agent for Geary County has a series of backyard birding guides at <a href="http://gearycountyextension.com/NRMW.htm">http://gearycountyextension.com/NRMW.htm</a>.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750047144.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the&nbsp;Cottonwood District Horticulture Agent in Hays. You may reach her at&nbsp;lfick@k-state.edu or&nbsp;785-628-9430.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the&nbsp;Cottonwood District Horticulture Agent in Hays. You may reach her at&nbsp;lfick@k-state.edu or&nbsp;785-628-9430.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>&nbsp;

FICK: Bird feeding in winter months

Last week, at the of invitation of&nbsp;President Trump, I attended the signing ceremony for the USMCA trade agreement at the White House.&nbsp;This agreement will bring long-term stability for Kansas agriculture and millions of dollars in new trade opportunities that will result in thousands of new jobs for hard working Kansans.

Canada and Mexico are already the United States’ two largest trading partners and this new deal with continue to build on that success, making this the most consequential trade agreement in U.S. history.

As the Trump Administration continues to keep its promise to end the unfair trade practices that have been harming American producers and manufacturers, ratification of USMCA will strengthen the position of the United States in all future trade negotiations with other countries around the world.

As the outbreak of the coronavirus strain originating in Wuhan, China continues around the world,&nbsp;U.S. health officials remain on high alert and are fully prepared to deal with the situation unfolding here at home. Efforts by President Trump and this administration have ensured our health agencies have the funding and resources necessary to combat outbreaks and protect Kansans.&nbsp;I spoke with&nbsp;officials at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) multiple times last week and was reassured by the the level of engagement, outreach, and coordination with states and international partners.I am confident in the measures being taken by our national and state health care officials&nbsp;and agencies.&nbsp;

However, as a physician, I understand the uncertainty and fear infectious disease outbreaks can have. I encourage all Kansans to follow recommendations from your doctor and continue to do everything you can to stay healthy. This includes regular hand-washing, disinfecting of surfaces, and carrying an alcohol based hand sanitizer, among other general best practices.&nbsp;

Jan. 27 was International Holocaust Remembrance Day, which this year also marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. An estimated 11 million Jews, non-Jewish Poles, Soviets, and other Europeans were murdered during the Holocaust, with at least 1.1 million being killed at Auschwitz alone. 

We all have an obligation to never forget the unimaginable evil of the Holocaust and those who died at Auschwitz and other concentration camps. Last week we paused to give solemn reflection to the victims who had their lives stolen from them during this tragic period.

Friends,Last week, at the of invitation of&nbsp;President Trump, I attended the signing ceremony for the USMCA trade agreement at the White House.&nbsp;This agreement will bring long-term stability for Kansas agriculture and millions of dollars in new trade opportunities that will result in thousands of new jobs for hard working Kansans.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744385897.jpeg" alt="President Trump signs the USMCA trade agreement" />
 <figcaption>President Trump signs the USMCA trade agreement</figcaption>
 </figure>Canada and Mexico are already the United States’ two largest trading partners and this new deal with continue to build on that success, making this the most consequential trade agreement in U.S. history.As the Trump Administration continues to keep its promise to end the unfair trade practices that have been harming American producers and manufacturers, ratification of USMCA will strengthen the position of the United States in all future trade negotiations with other countries around the world.<h2>Keeping an eye on coronavirus</h2>As the outbreak of the coronavirus strain originating in Wuhan, China continues around the world,&nbsp;U.S. health officials remain on high alert and are fully prepared to deal with the situation unfolding here at home. Efforts by President Trump and this administration have ensured our health agencies have the funding and resources necessary to combat outbreaks and protect Kansans.&nbsp;I spoke with&nbsp;officials at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) multiple times last week and was reassured by the the level of engagement, outreach, and coordination with states and international partners.I am confident in the measures being taken by our national and state health care officials&nbsp;and agencies.&nbsp;However, as a physician, I understand the uncertainty and fear infectious disease outbreaks can have. I encourage all Kansans to follow recommendations from your doctor and continue to do everything you can to stay healthy. This includes regular hand-washing, disinfecting of surfaces, and carrying an alcohol based hand sanitizer, among other general best practices.&nbsp;<h2>Holocaust Remembrance Day</h2>Jan. 27 was International Holocaust Remembrance Day, which this year also marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. An estimated 11 million Jews, non-Jewish Poles, Soviets, and other Europeans were murdered during the Holocaust, with at least 1.1 million being killed at Auschwitz alone. We all have an obligation to never forget the unimaginable evil of the Holocaust and those who died at Auschwitz and other concentration camps. Last week we paused to give solemn reflection to the victims who had their lives stolen from them during this tragic period.<h2>Kansas Day</h2>Wednesday was Kansas Day. As a 5th generation Kansan, I'm proud of my home state and the many unique qualities that make this state a great place to call home. Our state song denotes Kansas as the place where the buffalo roam.But today, instead of herds of buffalo dotting our plains, we have millions of cattle grazing in the beautiful Flint Hills and pastures across this state.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744315871.jpeg" alt="FRSAN" />
 <figcaption>FRSAN</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance roundtable</h2>I had the opportunity to join Chairman Peterson and members of the House Agriculture Biotechnology, Horticulture, and Research Subcommittee for a roundtable discussion and implementation update on the Farm and Ranch Stress Assistance Network (FRSAN).&nbsp;FRSAN connects farmers, ranchers, and those in agriculture-related fields to stress-assistance programs. The network can help those in need by offering resources like helplines, community outreach and education, support groups, and other services that can help improve mental health and save lives.&nbsp;The 2018 Farm Bill reauthorized the program and I have been working with officials at USDA to ensure the network is properly funded and available when folks need it most. If you or someone you know is struggling with increased stress, depression, or mental illness you can call 1-800-273-8255 for help.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744262816.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><h2>KSU Mandela Washington Fellowship</h2>A group from the KSU Mandela Washington Fellowship came to the office to talk about their ongoing efforts to encourage public diplomacy, strengthen democratic governance, and enhance peace across Sub-Saharan Africa through international exchange programs.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Mandela Washington Fellowship program brings accomplished innovators and leaders from African countries and communities to participate in a six-week leadership program at American universities. In Kansas, fellows will be hosted at Kansas State University through the Staley School of Leadership Studies. During this time they’ll connect with Kansans across the state, creating lasting relationships and gaining valuable experience that they’ll take back to their country. The program also partners with the U.S. Department of State to allow American organizations to travel to Africa for further collaboration with the fellowship participants, forming lasting partnerships and promoting economic growth.To read more about the program&nbsp;<a href="https://iqconnect.lmhostediq.com/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=KS01RM&amp;crop=11511.7231320.5134060.53102&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fexchanges.state.gov%2fnon-us%2fprogram%2fmandela-washington-fellowship-young-african-leaders&amp;redir_log=307650188217667" target="_blank">Click Here</a>.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744219688.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Kansas district and county attorneys</h2>I met with some of Kansas’ elected district and county attorneys to discuss the problems that methamphetamines are causing in Kansas and throughout the entire Midwest. A significant amount of this highly addictive drug&nbsp;comes into the United States though the Mexican border, yet another reason it is so crucial that we build the wall and secure the homeland. We also took the time to discuss mental health issues that are often connected with substance use disorder and the need to provide adequate treatment before problems arise. I want to thank them for taking the time to meet and look forward to working with them to find solutions to these important issues.<h2>Closing the Digital Divide</h2>The U.S. Department of Agriculture began taking applications for the next round of ReConnect funding January 31.Created in 2018, this program provides up to $550 million in grants and loans toward continued deployment of modern broadband infrastructure in rural areas. Telecommunications providers, rural electric cooperatives, internet service providers and municipalities are able to apply.&nbsp;To see more information about the program, including application requirements, technical assistance workshops and webinars, and where to apply&nbsp;<a href="https://iqconnect.lmhostediq.com/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=KS01RM&amp;crop=11511.7231320.5134060.53102&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fwww.usda.gov%2freconnect&amp;redir_log=822019349254214" target="_blank">Click Here</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744088703.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Get your Real ID</h2>Beginning October 1, 2020, travelers will need a REAL ID compliant driver’s license or other form of ID to pass through security at the airports and federal facilities. Secure and accurate forms of identification are a vital component of a strong national security strategy, and REAL ID is a coordinated effort between states and the Federal government to ensure that state-issued identification documents, such as driver’s licenses or ID cards, are reliable and accurate.&nbsp;Enforcement of the REAL ID begins on October 1, 2020, and individuals must have a compliant identification card or driver’s license, or acceptable alternative such as a U.S. passport, if they wish to fly on commercial aircraft or access federal buildings.&nbsp;More information regarding REAL ID can be found&nbsp;<a href="https://iqconnect.lmhostediq.com/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=KS01RM&amp;crop=11511.7231320.5134060.53102&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fwww.ksrevenue.org%2fdovrealid.html&amp;redir_log=805003452476285" target="_blank">Here.</a><h2>Data Privacy Day</h2>As we move deeper into the digital age, continuing to safeguard our data and privacy is increasingly important. That’s why Data Privacy Day is celebrated around the world every year on January 28.&nbsp;This effort is aimed at raising awareness of data privacy issues and encouraging privacy and data protection best practices. Simple actions like keeping your software up to date, choosing strong and unique passwords, and locking your devices when you’re not using them can help keep your sensitive information safe.&nbsp;For more tips and information on how to keep your devices secure, check out the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s tip page&nbsp;<a href="https://iqconnect.lmhostediq.com/iqextranet/iqClickTrk.aspx?&amp;cid=KS01RM&amp;crop=11511.7231320.5134060.53102&amp;report_id=&amp;redirect=https%3a%2f%2fwww.us-cert.gov%2fncas%2ftips&amp;redir_log=921660645153232" target="_blank">Here.</a><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580744123086.jpeg" alt="Kansas Chiropractic Association members" />
 <figcaption>Kansas Chiropractic Association members</figcaption>
 </figure><h2>Kansas Chiropractic Association&nbsp;</h2>On Wednesday I had the opportunity to meet with medical professionals and students during the Kansas Chiropractic Association (KCA) fly-in. KCA is the leading state association representing Doctors of Chiropractic.Most of the students here were from Cleveland University in Kansas City, but their roots were established in Great Bend, Topeka, and Dodge City. They advocated on access to care for veterans suffering from lower back pain, and Medicare beneficiaries paying out-of-pocket for their services.Dr. Roger Marshall, R-Kan., of&nbsp; Great Bend, is the First District&nbsp; representative.&nbsp;