A focus of 4-H is to empower young people with the skills to lead for a lifetime. The research-based learning provides many avenues for 4-H youth to practice life skills such as caring for others and their community, leadership, and day-to-day areas such as preparing healthy meals, time management, and communication skills.

A few years ago, I read an article from HealthyWay.com written by Mary Sauer titled, “7 Things Kids Need To Do For Themselves Before They Turn 13”.&nbsp;

According to Ms. Sauer, “Turning 13 is a major milestone. For many kids, it feels like one big step toward adulthood. Of course, teenagers don’t just take on the responsibilities of growing older on their own because they’ve turned a page on a calendar. Parents play a big role in guiding their kids by equipping them with the skills they need to take care of themselves and contribute to society”.

This sounds a lot like 4-H to me! Another important aspect of 4-H is the ability to work with caring adults who guide and mentor them. While much of this can be project specific, knowing that a club leader, photography leader, or beef superintendent is working to provide opportunities for a youth to expand their horizons or improve their skills is invaluable.&nbsp;

As a Doniphan County 4-H member, I can’t imagine the hours that my sewing leader spent in the church basement with many young ones trying to work their mom’s portable sewing machine. I can tell you that, to this day, I know how to sew a French seam and put in a zipper because Mrs. D worked with me to do it over and over again until it was just right! She was also the first to celebrate with you when hard work paid off by good comments from the judge or earned an exhibit at the Kansas State Fair.&nbsp;

In the article by Ms. Sauer, she notes the seven things a youth should be able to do for themselves by age 13 include:

Money Matters – understand the basics of money and how to manage their own. She notes that this is best taught by modeling and practice. Do you talk openly with your youth about spending decisions, how you save, where you choose to give charitably? She stresses that a 13-year-old should understand and practice habits like giving and spending, and consequences when you run out.

Scheduling Solutions – I know, I know – I had a hard time with this as a parent also! Ms. Sauer recommends shifting the responsibility of getting up and to activities to their shoulders…..and letting then bear the consequences when they fail. “This might mean they have to face a frustrated teacher or discipline from a coach who expects them to be at practice by a certain time. And that’s okay. Sometime consequences that come from outside the family leave the most lasting impression.” Occasionally as a family, it is important to evaluate if the number of activities are helping or harming family time and overwhelming youth in the process.

Courteous Communication – This is a two-way street and can be difficult on both sides. We teach a lot about communication in 4-H (truly the crucial life skills at Club Day and the fair). “If your new teen wishes to be treated like an adult – and most do – they need to communicate with other adults with respect and clarity,” Ms. Sauer states. Our dinner table conversations were often loud, and to visitors probably argumentative, but my kids knew that there were very few topics that were off-limits but they had better be prepared to argue their case AND listen to other viewpoints. They didn’t get it right every time and we occasionally had to call a time-out or move everyone on to a different topic but they were practicing communication skills and social interactions.

Body Basics – Learning self-care skills is important for good hygiene but also to develop a healthy body image and self-confidence.

Housekeeping Habits – Per Ms. Sauer’s article, “Your teen is a member of your household, and it is perfectly acceptable to expect them to do their part around the home. Before the age of 13, your child should know how to do their own laundry, pick up after themselves, and clean the kitchen.” In 4-H, we have curriculum about cooking basic meals and packing healthy lunches or snacks that they are capable of making. Young people don’t suddenly learn these skills when they turn 18 or 20; they need practice in order to grow into independent adults. It is often faster to pack their lunch (remember that Scheduling Solutions section) or clean their room but the lesson they have learned is either they are not good/smart enough OR they should expect someone else to do it for them.

Academic Achievements – The article states “Most parents place a high priority on helping their teens reach their full potential, but by micromanaging your teen’s academics you do more harm than good. Parents should find a balance, encouraging their teen and supporting them without doing the work for them or rescuing them from academic failure.” Some students do need more assistance but most students should be able to meet deadlines, keep up their homework, and show up to class on time. These are important life skills for success in education at every level and in life. If you don’t show up for work on time and aren’t prepared for your tasks, you typically don’t stay employed very long!&nbsp;

Navigation Necessities – As middle-school students, my kids were learning to read a map (on very long cattle trips!) and airport boards. We practiced these things in small doses and both are accomplished travelers both in the US and abroad. As Ms. Sauer notes, “Whether they’re catching a ride with another parent or walking to and from school, being able to get themselves where they need to go will bring them one step closer to independence.” Activities in 4-H provide great opportunities for practicing these skills in small doses: camp, Discovery Days, Kansas Youth Leadership Forum, Citizenship In Action – all have increased levels of independence which comes with the responsibility of showing up in the right places at the right time!

Ms. Sauer concludes her article, “The truth is, consequences of the mistakes your teen might make now are far less risky than releasing them into adulthood without the skills they need to care for themselves, engage in adult relationships, or manage their time and money.

I wonder if Ms. Sauer was a 4-H member! 4-H provides so many great opportunities for youth to learn and practice skills that will help them be successful adults.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>A focus of 4-H is to empower young people with the skills to lead for a lifetime. The research-based learning provides many avenues for 4-H youth to practice life skills such as caring for others and their community, leadership, and day-to-day areas such as preparing healthy meals, time management, and communication skills.A few years ago, I read an article from HealthyWay.com written by Mary Sauer titled, “7 Things Kids Need To Do For Themselves Before They Turn 13”.&nbsp;According to Ms. Sauer, “Turning 13 is a major milestone. For many kids, it feels like one big step toward adulthood. Of course, teenagers don’t just take on the responsibilities of growing older on their own because they’ve turned a page on a calendar. Parents play a big role in guiding their kids by equipping them with the skills they need to take care of themselves and contribute to society”.This sounds a lot like 4-H to me! Another important aspect of 4-H is the ability to work with caring adults who guide and mentor them. While much of this can be project specific, knowing that a club leader, photography leader, or beef superintendent is working to provide opportunities for a youth to expand their horizons or improve their skills is invaluable.&nbsp;As a Doniphan County 4-H member, I can’t imagine the hours that my sewing leader spent in the church basement with many young ones trying to work their mom’s portable sewing machine. I can tell you that, to this day, I know how to sew a French seam and put in a zipper because Mrs. D worked with me to do it over and over again until it was just right! She was also the first to celebrate with you when hard work paid off by good comments from the judge or earned an exhibit at the Kansas State Fair.&nbsp;In the article by Ms. Sauer, she notes the seven things a youth should be able to do for themselves by age 13 include:Money Matters – understand the basics of money and how to manage their own. She notes that this is best taught by modeling and practice. Do you talk openly with your youth about spending decisions, how you save, where you choose to give charitably? She stresses that a 13-year-old should understand and practice habits like giving and spending, and consequences when you run out.Scheduling Solutions – I know, I know – I had a hard time with this as a parent also! Ms. Sauer recommends shifting the responsibility of getting up and to activities to their shoulders…..and letting then bear the consequences when they fail. “This might mean they have to face a frustrated teacher or discipline from a coach who expects them to be at practice by a certain time. And that’s okay. Sometime consequences that come from outside the family leave the most lasting impression.” Occasionally as a family, it is important to evaluate if the number of activities are helping or harming family time and overwhelming youth in the process.Courteous Communication – This is a two-way street and can be difficult on both sides. We teach a lot about communication in 4-H (truly the crucial life skills at Club Day and the fair). “If your new teen wishes to be treated like an adult – and most do – they need to communicate with other adults with respect and clarity,” Ms. Sauer states. Our dinner table conversations were often loud, and to visitors probably argumentative, but my kids knew that there were very few topics that were off-limits but they had better be prepared to argue their case AND listen to other viewpoints. They didn’t get it right every time and we occasionally had to call a time-out or move everyone on to a different topic but they were practicing communication skills and social interactions.Body Basics – Learning self-care skills is important for good hygiene but also to develop a healthy body image and self-confidence.Housekeeping Habits – Per Ms. Sauer’s article, “Your teen is a member of your household, and it is perfectly acceptable to expect them to do their part around the home. Before the age of 13, your child should know how to do their own laundry, pick up after themselves, and clean the kitchen.” In 4-H, we have curriculum about cooking basic meals and packing healthy lunches or snacks that they are capable of making. Young people don’t suddenly learn these skills when they turn 18 or 20; they need practice in order to grow into independent adults. It is often faster to pack their lunch (remember that Scheduling Solutions section) or clean their room but the lesson they have learned is either they are not good/smart enough OR they should expect someone else to do it for them.Academic Achievements – The article states “Most parents place a high priority on helping their teens reach their full potential, but by micromanaging your teen’s academics you do more harm than good. Parents should find a balance, encouraging their teen and supporting them without doing the work for them or rescuing them from academic failure.” Some students do need more assistance but most students should be able to meet deadlines, keep up their homework, and show up to class on time. These are important life skills for success in education at every level and in life. If you don’t show up for work on time and aren’t prepared for your tasks, you typically don’t stay employed very long!&nbsp;Navigation Necessities – As middle-school students, my kids were learning to read a map (on very long cattle trips!) and airport boards. We practiced these things in small doses and both are accomplished travelers both in the US and abroad. As Ms. Sauer notes, “Whether they’re catching a ride with another parent or walking to and from school, being able to get themselves where they need to go will bring them one step closer to independence.” Activities in 4-H provide great opportunities for practicing these skills in small doses: camp, Discovery Days, Kansas Youth Leadership Forum, Citizenship In Action – all have increased levels of independence which comes with the responsibility of showing up in the right places at the right time!Ms. Sauer concludes her article, “The truth is, consequences of the mistakes your teen might make now are far less risky than releasing them into adulthood without the skills they need to care for themselves, engage in adult relationships, or manage their time and money.I wonder if Ms. Sauer was a 4-H member! 4-H provides so many great opportunities for youth to learn and practice skills that will help them be successful adults.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Raising independent youth

May is an excellent time to fertilize cool-season lawns such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass if they will be irrigated throughout the summer. Non-irrigated lawns often go through a period of summer dormancy because of drought and do not need this fertilization. May is a good time to fertilize because the springtime flush of growth characteristic of these grasses has tapered off, so the fertilizer you apply will be less likely to cause excessive shoot growth than if you fertilized at a full rate in April. Slow-release nitrogen sources are ideal. These nitrogen sources promote controlled growth, which is desirable as the stressful summer weather approaches. Relatively few fertilizers are available to the homeowner supply ALL the nitrogen in the slowly available form. But one such product that is widely available is Milorganite. Other such products available in the retail market include cottonseed meal, alfalfa-based fertilizers, and any other products derived from plants or animals. (Bloodmeal is an exception, and contrary to popular belief, the nitrogen it supplies is quickly available.) These products are all examples of natural organic fertilizers. They typically contain less than 10 percent nitrogen by weight, so compared to most synthetic fertilizers, more product must be applied to get the same amount of nitrogen. Translation: they are more expensive! Apply enough to give the lawn one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. For example, if the fertilizer is 6 percent nitrogen by weight, you will need to apply almost 17 pounds of fertilizer product per 1,000 square feet. Summer lawn fertilizers that contain at least a portion of the nitrogen as slow release are fine to use as well. Be sure to follow label directions. If cost is prohibitive, you can use the less expensive quick-release (i.e., soluble) sources, but split the application into two doses as follows: apply enough to give the lawn 0.5 lb. nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in May and again in early June. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>May is an excellent time to fertilize cool-season lawns such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass if they will be irrigated throughout the summer. Non-irrigated lawns often go through a period of summer dormancy because of drought and do not need this fertilization. May is a good time to fertilize because the springtime flush of growth characteristic of these grasses has tapered off, so the fertilizer you apply will be less likely to cause excessive shoot growth than if you fertilized at a full rate in April. Slow-release nitrogen sources are ideal. These nitrogen sources promote controlled growth, which is desirable as the stressful summer weather approaches. Relatively few fertilizers are available to the homeowner supply ALL the nitrogen in the slowly available form. But one such product that is widely available is Milorganite. Other such products available in the retail market include cottonseed meal, alfalfa-based fertilizers, and any other products derived from plants or animals. (Bloodmeal is an exception, and contrary to popular belief, the nitrogen it supplies is quickly available.) These products are all examples of natural organic fertilizers. They typically contain less than 10 percent nitrogen by weight, so compared to most synthetic fertilizers, more product must be applied to get the same amount of nitrogen. Translation: they are more expensive! Apply enough to give the lawn one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. For example, if the fertilizer is 6 percent nitrogen by weight, you will need to apply almost 17 pounds of fertilizer product per 1,000 square feet. Summer lawn fertilizers that contain at least a portion of the nitrogen as slow release are fine to use as well. Be sure to follow label directions. If cost is prohibitive, you can use the less expensive quick-release (i.e., soluble) sources, but split the application into two doses as follows: apply enough to give the lawn 0.5 lb. nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in May and again in early June. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

​FICK: May is the time to fertilize irrigated cool-season lawns

A couple of weeks ago, I shared the educational program in Great Bend titled, “Diabetes: You are in Control.” The statistics are mind boggling. Diabetes is a common, costly, and serious disease. More than 34 million adults in the United States have diabetes, and one in five of them do not know they have the disease. A diagnosis of diabetes can be scary, but studies have shown that with healthful eating and modest regular physical activity, type 2 diabetes can be delayed, controlled and even prevented.

Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Research and Extension health and wellness program that consists of a series of four classes that include, learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program’s focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.

The program objectives of this on-line course include:

Dining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; a five to ten-minute low-impact physical activity; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.&nbsp;

The program is designed for people with diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support persons.

Since this is an online format, participants can enroll in a class that meets their scheduling needs even if the facilitator is located across the state. I noticed that there are classes set to begin in May and June. The cost of the course is $25.

The following link will take you to the classes that are available at this time. <a href="https://noncreditksu.catalog.instructure.com/browse/kstateglobalcampusnoncreditprograms/ksre-noncredit">https://noncreditksu.catalog.instructure.com/browse/kstateglobalcampusnoncreditprograms/ksre-noncredit</a>&nbsp;

Feel free to give me a call if you need assistance with signing up for this on-line course, or if you would like to receive a copy of the fact sheet, “Diabetes: You are in Control.”

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1593016082485.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>A couple of weeks ago, I shared the educational program in Great Bend titled, “Diabetes: You are in Control.” The statistics are mind boggling. Diabetes is a common, costly, and serious disease. More than 34 million adults in the United States have diabetes, and one in five of them do not know they have the disease. A diagnosis of diabetes can be scary, but studies have shown that with healthful eating and modest regular physical activity, type 2 diabetes can be delayed, controlled and even prevented.Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Research and Extension health and wellness program that consists of a series of four classes that include, learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program’s focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.The program objectives of this on-line course include:<ul>
 <li>Increase knowledge about healthy foods</li><li>Present healthy versions of familiar foods and taste testing of recipes</li><li>Demonstrate new cooking techniques</li><li>Provide basic information regarding diabetes and nutrition</li><li>Provide opportunities for sharing and learning from one another and from diabetes health professionals</li>
 </ul>Dining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; a five to ten-minute low-impact physical activity; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.&nbsp;The program is designed for people with diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support persons.Since this is an online format, participants can enroll in a class that meets their scheduling needs even if the facilitator is located across the state. I noticed that there are classes set to begin in May and June. The cost of the course is $25.The following link will take you to the classes that are available at this time. <a href="https://noncreditksu.catalog.instructure.com/browse/kstateglobalcampusnoncreditprograms/ksre-noncredit">https://noncreditksu.catalog.instructure.com/browse/kstateglobalcampusnoncreditprograms/ksre-noncredit</a>&nbsp;Feel free to give me a call if you need assistance with signing up for this on-line course, or if you would like to receive a copy of the fact sheet, “Diabetes: You are in Control.”Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent for K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Dining with diabetes online course available

Join the Hays Area Interagency Coordinating Council in celebrating the Week of the Young Child April 10-16, 2021. The Week of the Young Child® is an annual celebration sponsored by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), the world's largest early childhood education association.&nbsp;

This national organization first established the Week of the Young Child™ in 1971, recognizing that the early childhood years lay the foundation for children's success in school and later life. The purpose of the Week of the Young Child® is to focus public attention on the needs of young children and their families and to recognize the early childhood programs and services that meet those needs.

I would personally like to thank all those who work with young children and all our families of young children. This is such an important profession and is a more difficult job than it looks from the outside. These professionals are planning a fun-filled week for the young children and their families and the community. You can learn more about the activities being planned in Hays at: <a href="https://www.usd489.com/o/early-childhood/page/week-of-the-young-child">https://www.usd489.com/o/early-childhood/page/week-of-the-young-child</a>

	As a community member you can be involved too! First, support all families of young children. If it has been a few years since you have had youngsters in your house, think back about how tiring just one day of the week was. These parents, grandparents and guardians are working 24/7 to make life just a little better for their little ones. Offer your help in some small way if you can.&nbsp;

Second, support our educators in this field. They leave the job each day tired and worn out but they come back the next day because they love children. If you know of a young adult who does an excellent job working with this age group, encourage them to consider a career in Early Childhood Education. It is a profession that won’t make their pocketbook rich but it will make their life rich! We need the best of the best working in this profession to give children a step up in life.&nbsp;

Third, everyone can improve the life of a child in some way. If you have the financial means, donate to organizations who can help those families in need.&nbsp;

My hope would be that a child has someone in their life who will read to them every day. I still believe books are the path to the future. Would you step up and see if you can help make that happen?&nbsp;

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Join the Hays Area Interagency Coordinating Council in celebrating the Week of the Young Child April 10-16, 2021. The Week of the Young Child® is an annual celebration sponsored by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), the world's largest early childhood education association.&nbsp;This national organization first established the Week of the Young Child™ in 1971, recognizing that the early childhood years lay the foundation for children's success in school and later life. The purpose of the Week of the Young Child® is to focus public attention on the needs of young children and their families and to recognize the early childhood programs and services that meet those needs.	I would personally like to thank all those who work with young children and all our families of young children. This is such an important profession and is a more difficult job than it looks from the outside. These professionals are planning a fun-filled week for the young children and their families and the community. You can learn more about the activities being planned in Hays at: <a href="https://www.usd489.com/o/early-childhood/page/week-of-the-young-child">https://www.usd489.com/o/early-childhood/page/week-of-the-young-child</a>	As a community member you can be involved too! First, support all families of young children. If it has been a few years since you have had youngsters in your house, think back about how tiring just one day of the week was. These parents, grandparents and guardians are working 24/7 to make life just a little better for their little ones. Offer your help in some small way if you can.&nbsp;Second, support our educators in this field. They leave the job each day tired and worn out but they come back the next day because they love children. If you know of a young adult who does an excellent job working with this age group, encourage them to consider a career in Early Childhood Education. It is a profession that won’t make their pocketbook rich but it will make their life rich! We need the best of the best working in this profession to give children a step up in life.&nbsp;Third, everyone can improve the life of a child in some way. If you have the financial means, donate to organizations who can help those families in need.&nbsp;My hope would be that a child has someone in their life who will read to them every day. I still believe books are the path to the future. Would you step up and see if you can help make that happen?&nbsp;Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: The Week of the Young Child

Learning to identify poison ivy is vital if you wish to avoid the rash that accompanies exposure. &nbsp;Unfortunately, poison ivy can make identification difficult because it occurs in three forms: an erect woody shrub, a groundcover that creeps along the ground, and a woody vine that will climb trees.

When poison ivy climbs, it forms numerous aerial roots that give the vine the appearance of a fuzzy rope. The leaves of poison ivy also vary. Though the compound leaf always has three leaflets, the leaf margins may be toothed, incised, lobed, or smooth. The size of the leaves also can vary, although usually, the middle leaflet is larger than the other two. Also, the middle leaflet is the only one with a long stalk; the other two are closely attached to the petiole (leaf stem). The number of leaves gives rise to the saying: "Leaves of three, let it be!" Poison ivy is often confused with Virginia creeper or Woodbine. Each of these vines, however, has five leaflets rather than three. There are three methods commonly used to eradicate poison ivy. These include pulling or grubbing out the plants by hand, cutting off the vine, and then treating the cut stump or the regrowth, and spraying the plants directly. The method used depends somewhat on the plant's growth form. If the plant is growing as a groundcover, direct spray or grubbing the plant out is often used. If grubbing, wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt. The soil must be moist for grubbing to work well. Wash the clothes and yourself immediately after you finish. It might also be a good idea to rinse the washing machine. If the plant is in the shrub form, the direct spray is the most common control method. If the plant is a woody vine that has climbed a tree, the preferred method is to cut the plant off at the base and treat the sprouts after they emerge. Some triclopyr herbicides also have instructions on treating a freshly cut stump directly. Triclopyr (Brush-B-Gon Poison Ivy Killer, Brush Killer Stump Killer) is most often used for poison ivy control. Other Herbicides that can be used include glyphosate (Roundup, Killzall Weed and Grass Killer, Nutgrass, Poison Ivy, and VineKiller) or dicamba. Poison ivy is tough. Repeat applications may be necessary. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Learning to identify poison ivy is vital if you wish to avoid the rash that accompanies exposure. &nbsp;Unfortunately, poison ivy can make identification difficult because it occurs in three forms: an erect woody shrub, a groundcover that creeps along the ground, and a woody vine that will climb trees.When poison ivy climbs, it forms numerous aerial roots that give the vine the appearance of a fuzzy rope. The leaves of poison ivy also vary. Though the compound leaf always has three leaflets, the leaf margins may be toothed, incised, lobed, or smooth. The size of the leaves also can vary, although usually, the middle leaflet is larger than the other two. Also, the middle leaflet is the only one with a long stalk; the other two are closely attached to the petiole (leaf stem). The number of leaves gives rise to the saying: "Leaves of three, let it be!" Poison ivy is often confused with Virginia creeper or Woodbine. Each of these vines, however, has five leaflets rather than three. There are three methods commonly used to eradicate poison ivy. These include pulling or grubbing out the plants by hand, cutting off the vine, and then treating the cut stump or the regrowth, and spraying the plants directly. The method used depends somewhat on the plant's growth form. If the plant is growing as a groundcover, direct spray or grubbing the plant out is often used. If grubbing, wear gloves and a long-sleeved shirt. The soil must be moist for grubbing to work well. Wash the clothes and yourself immediately after you finish. It might also be a good idea to rinse the washing machine. If the plant is in the shrub form, the direct spray is the most common control method. If the plant is a woody vine that has climbed a tree, the preferred method is to cut the plant off at the base and treat the sprouts after they emerge. Some triclopyr herbicides also have instructions on treating a freshly cut stump directly. Triclopyr (Brush-B-Gon Poison Ivy Killer, Brush Killer Stump Killer) is most often used for poison ivy control. Other Herbicides that can be used include glyphosate (Roundup, Killzall Weed and Grass Killer, Nutgrass, Poison Ivy, and VineKiller) or dicamba. Poison ivy is tough. Repeat applications may be necessary. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

​FICK: Poison ivy identification and control

There are four Cottonwood Extension District Positions that will be on the November ballot. While the election is still over 6 months away, the deadline to file for a position is just around the corner.&nbsp; When the Cottonwood District formed in 2017 our eight-member board was appointed by the County Commissioners in both Barton and Ellis County. So that all positions would not come open at the same time, four members served two-year terms while the other four board members were appointed to serve four-year terms. From now on, all terms are four years in length.

Each of our eight board members have a commitment to create a budget that is reasonable for you, the taxpayer, while still supporting the delivery of valuable Extension education materials for lifelong learners in our district. Extension board member qualifications include:

A more detailed board member position description can be viewed on the KSRE web site.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/boardleadership/board-leadership-modules/recruiting-board-and-pdc-members/Extension%2520Board%2520Member%2520Position%2520Description.pdf">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/boardleadership/board-leadership-modules/recruiting-board-and-pdc-members/Extension%20Board%20Member%20Position%20Description.pdf</a>&nbsp;

My hope is that you have utilized our services in one or many ways. Perhaps Lauren Fick, our district horticulture agent, has provided the answer to a lawn, garden or tree question. Our agriculture and natural resources agents, Stacy Campbell and Alicia Boor, are always ready to field questions about weed control, and research-based information related to crops or livestock. Our programming related to healthy families is covered by Berny Unruh and myself. We have programming in place to help people of all ages improve their lives. And 4-H and other youth in our communities are participating in learning opportunities under the direction of Susan Schlichting and Michelle Beran. Theresa Meis and Brenda Walton provide the office professional duties that keep us connected to you.&nbsp;

If you would like to get involved by running for a position on the Cottonwood Extension District Board, you will need to fill out the paperwork and pay a $20 filing fee at the County Clerks’ office where you reside. The filing deadline is Thursday, June 1st, at noon. The two candidates who receive the most votes will begin their term as soon as the November election results are certified.&nbsp;

Feel free to give me a call if you have any questions related to serving on our Extension Board!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>There are four Cottonwood Extension District Positions that will be on the November ballot. While the election is still over 6 months away, the deadline to file for a position is just around the corner.&nbsp; When the Cottonwood District formed in 2017 our eight-member board was appointed by the County Commissioners in both Barton and Ellis County. So that all positions would not come open at the same time, four members served two-year terms while the other four board members were appointed to serve four-year terms. From now on, all terms are four years in length.Each of our eight board members have a commitment to create a budget that is reasonable for you, the taxpayer, while still supporting the delivery of valuable Extension education materials for lifelong learners in our district. Extension board member qualifications include:<ul>
 <li>At least 18 years of age and a resident of the local unit</li><li>Interested in working within the mission of K-State Research and Extension.</li><li>Willing to work closely with the local unit director, regional director and other members of the board.</li><li>Sincere interest in improving the quality of life for local unit residents.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>A more detailed board member position description can be viewed on the KSRE web site.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/boardleadership/board-leadership-modules/recruiting-board-and-pdc-members/Extension%2520Board%2520Member%2520Position%2520Description.pdf">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/boardleadership/board-leadership-modules/recruiting-board-and-pdc-members/Extension%20Board%20Member%20Position%20Description.pdf</a>&nbsp;My hope is that you have utilized our services in one or many ways. Perhaps Lauren Fick, our district horticulture agent, has provided the answer to a lawn, garden or tree question. Our agriculture and natural resources agents, Stacy Campbell and Alicia Boor, are always ready to field questions about weed control, and research-based information related to crops or livestock. Our programming related to healthy families is covered by Berny Unruh and myself. We have programming in place to help people of all ages improve their lives. And 4-H and other youth in our communities are participating in learning opportunities under the direction of Susan Schlichting and Michelle Beran. Theresa Meis and Brenda Walton provide the office professional duties that keep us connected to you.&nbsp;If you would like to get involved by running for a position on the Cottonwood Extension District Board, you will need to fill out the paperwork and pay a $20 filing fee at the County Clerks’ office where you reside. The filing deadline is Thursday, June 1st, at noon. The two candidates who receive the most votes will begin their term as soon as the November election results are certified.&nbsp;Feel free to give me a call if you have any questions related to serving on our Extension Board!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

KRUG: Consider serving on Cottonwood Extension board

Hazardous Occupations Safety Training in Agriculture

K-State Research &amp; Extension will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training for Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course for youth on Saturday, April 24, in two locations — WaKeeney and Norton. At both locations it will be held at the 4-H Building on the fairgrounds, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Local K-State Research &amp; Extension Agents will teach this basic course covering farm and machinery safety, including proper tractor operation and maintenance, grain safety, implement use safety, livestock safety and more.&nbsp; The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents.&nbsp;

The course is free to attend, thanks to our sponsor People’s State Bank. RSVP is requested by April 21. Contact one of the following Extension Offices in Decatur, Ellis, Gove, Graham, Logan, Norton, Phillips, Rooks, Sheridan, or Trego County by Tuesday, April 21, to register for the Hazardous Occupations Safety Training in Agriculture course on April 24th.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070283981.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Hazardous Occupations Safety Training in AgricultureK-State Research &amp; Extension will be offering a Hazardous Occupation Safety Training for Agriculture or Tractor and Farm Safety Course for youth on Saturday, April 24, in two locations — WaKeeney and Norton. At both locations it will be held at the 4-H Building on the fairgrounds, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Local K-State Research &amp; Extension Agents will teach this basic course covering farm and machinery safety, including proper tractor operation and maintenance, grain safety, implement use safety, livestock safety and more.&nbsp; The United States Department of Labor requires youth 14 – 15 years of age attend this safety training in order to work on a farm for someone other than their parents.&nbsp;The course is free to attend, thanks to our sponsor People’s State Bank. RSVP is requested by April 21. Contact one of the following Extension Offices in Decatur, Ellis, Gove, Graham, Logan, Norton, Phillips, Rooks, Sheridan, or Trego County by Tuesday, April 21, to register for the Hazardous Occupations Safety Training in Agriculture course on April 24th.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Youth farm safety course upcoming

The Cottonwood Extension District is offering two summer intern positions, one in Great Bend and one in Hays.

Interns will work up to eight weeks and be paid a competitive rate.

The work includes some evenings and weekends, some outside physical labor, and duties at the county fairs. 

Applicants must have completed at least four college semesters. 

Position announcements at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>.

For the Great Bend position, submit to:&nbsp;1800 12th St., Great Bend, KS 67530, (620) 793-1910

For the Hays position, submit to: 601 Main Street, Hays, KS 67601, (785) 628-9430.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/4/1617728059224.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedThe Cottonwood Extension District is offering two summer intern positions, one in Great Bend and one in Hays.Interns will work up to eight weeks and be paid a competitive rate.The work includes some evenings and weekends, some outside physical labor, and duties at the county fairs. Applicants must have completed at least four college semesters. Position announcements at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/" target="_blank">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>. Applications due Friday. For the Great Bend position, submit to:&nbsp;1800 12th St., Great Bend, KS 67530, (620) 793-1910For the Hays position, submit to: 601 Main Street, Hays, KS 67601, (785) 628-9430.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Summer internships available with Cottonwood Extension

Are you an applicator that is still short some hours to renew your 2020 commercial applicator license or just want to get credits to renew this year? 

If your license expired during the COVID-19 State Disaster Emergency (2020), it shall remain valid until 90 days following the termination of the emergency declaration (date yet to be determined). The Kansas State Pesticide Safety Program is providing a training opportunity this April for several of the categories to help these individuals renew. This training will be offered in a virtual format via Zoom. These will be the only trainings offered by the program this spring. In order to hold the training, we must have at least 20 registered participants. 

Training dates and categories: April 21-22: Right-of-Way, Industrial Weed, and Noxious Weed (7 hours 6, 7C &amp; 9A plus core) April 28-29: Forestry, Ornamental, Turf and Interiorscape (5 hours 2/3C, 7 hours 3A/3B plus core) April 30: Ag Plant (7 hours 1A plus core) Training information is available <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/pesticides-ipm/commercial-applicator.html">HERE</a> or e-mail fmiller@ksu.edu to have the flyer e-mailed to you!

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Are you an applicator that is still short some hours to renew your 2020 commercial applicator license or just want to get credits to renew this year? If your license expired during the COVID-19 State Disaster Emergency (2020), it shall remain valid until 90 days following the termination of the emergency declaration (date yet to be determined). The Kansas State Pesticide Safety Program is providing a training opportunity this April for several of the categories to help these individuals renew. This training will be offered in a virtual format via Zoom. These will be the only trainings offered by the program this spring. In order to hold the training, we must have at least 20 registered participants. Training dates and categories: April 21-22: Right-of-Way, Industrial Weed, and Noxious Weed (7 hours 6, 7C &amp; 9A plus core) April 28-29: Forestry, Ornamental, Turf and Interiorscape (5 hours 2/3C, 7 hours 3A/3B plus core) April 30: Ag Plant (7 hours 1A plus core) Training information is available <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/pesticides-ipm/commercial-applicator.html">HERE</a> or e-mail fmiller@ksu.edu to have the flyer e-mailed to you!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Pesticide training course this month

A common disease of roses is blackspot, a fungus disease that can cause defoliation of susceptible plants. Look for dark, circular lesions with feathery edges on the top surface of the leaves and raised purple spots on young canes. Infected leaves will often yellow between spots and eventually drop. The infection usually starts on the lower leaves and works its way up the plant. Blackspot is most severe under conditions of high relative humidity (&gt;85%), warm temperatures (75 to 85 degrees F), and six or more hours of leaf wetness. Newly expanding leaves are most vulnerable to infection. The fungus can survive on fallen leaves or canes and is disseminated primarily by splashing water. &nbsp;Cultural practices are the first line of defense. 1. Don't plant susceptible roses unless you are willing to use fungicide sprays. Purdue University has a list of blackspot-resistant varieties. 2. Keep irrigation water off the foliage. Drip irrigation works well with roses. 3. Plant roses in sun in areas with good air movement to limit the amount of time the foliage is wet. 4. Remove diseased leaves that have fallen and prune out infected rose canes to minimize inoculum. If needed, protect foliage with a regular spray program (10- to 14-day schedule) of effective fungicides. Recommended fungicides include tebuconazole (BioAdvanced Disease Control for Roses, Flowers, and Shrubs, BioAdvanced All-In-One Rose &amp; Flower Care), myclobutanil (Immunox, F-Stop Lawn &amp; Garden Fungicide), and chlorothalonil (Broad Spectrum Lawn &amp; Garden Fungicide, Garden Disease Control, others). Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>A common disease of roses is blackspot, a fungus disease that can cause defoliation of susceptible plants. Look for dark, circular lesions with feathery edges on the top surface of the leaves and raised purple spots on young canes. Infected leaves will often yellow between spots and eventually drop. The infection usually starts on the lower leaves and works its way up the plant. Blackspot is most severe under conditions of high relative humidity (&gt;85%), warm temperatures (75 to 85 degrees F), and six or more hours of leaf wetness. Newly expanding leaves are most vulnerable to infection. The fungus can survive on fallen leaves or canes and is disseminated primarily by splashing water. &nbsp;Cultural practices are the first line of defense. 1. Don't plant susceptible roses unless you are willing to use fungicide sprays. Purdue University has a list of blackspot-resistant varieties. 2. Keep irrigation water off the foliage. Drip irrigation works well with roses. 3. Plant roses in sun in areas with good air movement to limit the amount of time the foliage is wet. 4. Remove diseased leaves that have fallen and prune out infected rose canes to minimize inoculum. If needed, protect foliage with a regular spray program (10- to 14-day schedule) of effective fungicides. Recommended fungicides include tebuconazole (BioAdvanced Disease Control for Roses, Flowers, and Shrubs, BioAdvanced All-In-One Rose &amp; Flower Care), myclobutanil (Immunox, F-Stop Lawn &amp; Garden Fungicide), and chlorothalonil (Broad Spectrum Lawn &amp; Garden Fungicide, Garden Disease Control, others). Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Blackspot of roses

Our friends from other states tease us “flatlanders” about riding our tandem bike in Kansas.&nbsp; Obviously, they have never traveled to the northwest part of Barton county and other parts of the state. I also like to point out that we may not have as many hills but we have lots of wind!&nbsp; So far, this spring has been full of windy days so we plan our rides to head in to the wind first and then enjoy a tailwind on the way home. &nbsp;

As part of the Be Well Barton County task force we are happy to report that bike sharrows have been freshly applied on parts of Patton Road and Broadway, with more planned. Some bright signage with bicycles on them, are well placed to remind drivers of the importance of sharing the road. A special thanks to Jason Cauley, and the city street department in Great Bend, for these improvements. When I am in Hays, where our other District Extension Office is located, I see sharrows and designated bike lanes throughout the town. Now we just need motorists and bicyclists to pay attention to the rules of the road to prevent accidents.

This is a great time to encourage safe bicycling so keep reading for some important reminders. &nbsp;

Many parents ask at what age a child is old enough to ride in the street rather than a neighborhood sidewalk.&nbsp; There isn’t a one-size-fits-all age.&nbsp; A child’s maturity level is the main factor.&nbsp; Other factors are:&nbsp; the size of the community, traffic patterns and congestion, and whether it is a residential area or a business district.&nbsp; A smaller community can seem peaceful and safe, but may have periods when safety is compromised – for example, after a ball game, during a community festival, or at harvest time.

Our Great Bend Pilot club is teaming up with my husband, John, and me to produce a short bicycle safety video that will be shared with area schools before the school year ends. Pilot club has provided many helmets for youngsters in our community since they have a special interest in preventing head injuries among young riders.

	Now go out and enjoy this beautiful spring weather with a family bike ride!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620) 793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1593016082485.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Our friends from other states tease us “flatlanders” about riding our tandem bike in Kansas.&nbsp; Obviously, they have never traveled to the northwest part of Barton county and other parts of the state. I also like to point out that we may not have as many hills but we have lots of wind!&nbsp; So far, this spring has been full of windy days so we plan our rides to head in to the wind first and then enjoy a tailwind on the way home. &nbsp;As part of the Be Well Barton County task force we are happy to report that bike sharrows have been freshly applied on parts of Patton Road and Broadway, with more planned. Some bright signage with bicycles on them, are well placed to remind drivers of the importance of sharing the road. A special thanks to Jason Cauley, and the city street department in Great Bend, for these improvements. When I am in Hays, where our other District Extension Office is located, I see sharrows and designated bike lanes throughout the town. Now we just need motorists and bicyclists to pay attention to the rules of the road to prevent accidents.This is a great time to encourage safe bicycling so keep reading for some important reminders. &nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Consider a helmet a necessity, rather than an extra. Without a helmet, riders who sustain an injury are 14 times more likely to become a fatality.&nbsp; Choose one that meets or exceeds safety standards established by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.&nbsp; Make sure the helmet fits, rather than one a child will grow into.&nbsp; Replace the helmet if an accident occurs or if the helmet is badly jarred or cracked.</li><li>Ride with the traffic, rather than facing the traffic.&nbsp; Consider adding a rear-view mirror to your bicycle gear.&nbsp; I have one that attaches to my helmet so I can constantly monitor the traffic behind us.</li><li>Obey traffic signals just like motor vehicles.&nbsp; Use hand signals to let others know your intentions.</li><li>Stay alert and keep your mind on your riding.&nbsp; This should be the same advice for many people in cars.&nbsp; Too many times we have been in close calls with drivers who are on cell phones or just inattentive to the traffic around them.</li>
 </ul>Many parents ask at what age a child is old enough to ride in the street rather than a neighborhood sidewalk.&nbsp; There isn’t a one-size-fits-all age.&nbsp; A child’s maturity level is the main factor.&nbsp; Other factors are:&nbsp; the size of the community, traffic patterns and congestion, and whether it is a residential area or a business district.&nbsp; A smaller community can seem peaceful and safe, but may have periods when safety is compromised – for example, after a ball game, during a community festival, or at harvest time.Our Great Bend Pilot club is teaming up with my husband, John, and me to produce a short bicycle safety video that will be shared with area schools before the school year ends. Pilot club has provided many helmets for youngsters in our community since they have a special interest in preventing head injuries among young riders.	Now go out and enjoy this beautiful spring weather with a family bike ride!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620) 793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>

KRUG: Bicycle safety revisited

Good watering practices provide for healthier lawns and gardens and better use of one of our most important natural resources.&nbsp; Outdoor watering use often comprises more than half of the water used by the average household.&nbsp; That’s why being a wise steward of outdoor water just makes good sense.&nbsp;

An excellent way to water gardens and landscaping and conserve water is by installing a drip or trickle irrigation system. &nbsp; Drip systems are perfect because water is directed to the plant root system without loss to evaporation. &nbsp; There are two types of drip systems.&nbsp; The first type is called a low-pressure drip system and is used mostly for vegetable gardens.&nbsp; It consists of placing long strips of drip tape or T-tape in long rows in your vegetable garden. &nbsp; The drip tape has emitters spaced every 4, 12, or 18 inches and is installed with emitters facing up to keep dirt from clogging up the system.&nbsp; Landscape staples are used to hold the tape in place.&nbsp; Most drip tape runs at 6 to 20 psi (pound per square inch).&nbsp; A header pipe is used to distribute the water to the drip tapes.&nbsp; Along with the drip tape, you will also need a pressure regulator which is located at the start of the system and prevents too much pressure from blowing out the lines. &nbsp; Also some sort of filter is necessary to prevent particles from clogging up the emitters.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The second type of drip irrigation system is called a high pressure drip system and uses anywhere from 30 to 50 psi.&nbsp; Again you will need a pressure regulator, a filter, usually half-inch poly tubing, and emitters.&nbsp; &nbsp; Emitters are placed right next to the plants or shrubs, and thereby water is not wasted along the entire bed or garden.&nbsp; Different emitters have different flow rates usually delivering a half gallon, a gallon, or two gallon per hour.&nbsp; Emitters are pushed into the tubing after a small hole is punched into the plastic pipe.&nbsp; The high pressure system can be configured to water any shape or size of landscaping and garden plot using landscape staples.&nbsp;

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District.&nbsp; More information available at www. cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Good watering practices provide for healthier lawns and gardens and better use of one of our most important natural resources.&nbsp; Outdoor watering use often comprises more than half of the water used by the average household.&nbsp; That’s why being a wise steward of outdoor water just makes good sense.&nbsp;An excellent way to water gardens and landscaping and conserve water is by installing a drip or trickle irrigation system. &nbsp; Drip systems are perfect because water is directed to the plant root system without loss to evaporation. &nbsp; There are two types of drip systems.&nbsp; The first type is called a low-pressure drip system and is used mostly for vegetable gardens.&nbsp; It consists of placing long strips of drip tape or T-tape in long rows in your vegetable garden. &nbsp; The drip tape has emitters spaced every 4, 12, or 18 inches and is installed with emitters facing up to keep dirt from clogging up the system.&nbsp; Landscape staples are used to hold the tape in place.&nbsp; Most drip tape runs at 6 to 20 psi (pound per square inch).&nbsp; A header pipe is used to distribute the water to the drip tapes.&nbsp; Along with the drip tape, you will also need a pressure regulator which is located at the start of the system and prevents too much pressure from blowing out the lines. &nbsp; Also some sort of filter is necessary to prevent particles from clogging up the emitters.&nbsp;&nbsp;The second type of drip irrigation system is called a high pressure drip system and uses anywhere from 30 to 50 psi.&nbsp; Again you will need a pressure regulator, a filter, usually half-inch poly tubing, and emitters.&nbsp; &nbsp; Emitters are placed right next to the plants or shrubs, and thereby water is not wasted along the entire bed or garden.&nbsp; Different emitters have different flow rates usually delivering a half gallon, a gallon, or two gallon per hour.&nbsp; Emitters are pushed into the tubing after a small hole is punched into the plastic pipe.&nbsp; The high pressure system can be configured to water any shape or size of landscaping and garden plot using landscape staples.&nbsp;Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District.&nbsp; More information available at www. cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Watering practices

I’m tired y’all. I am tired of the hatefulness, divisiveness, rudeness, mask or no mask, vaccinate or no vaccinate, the “I KNOW I’m right so you must be stupid” attitudes. I am so tired of it all.

This past year has been hard on all of us. I take pride in my ability to be resilient and have a glass half-full mentality but I’m tired. I worry about family, friends, co-workers, my 4-H and all youth, and our communities, and it is exhausting.

One of the things that I do appreciate of the past year is the frequency with which I see reminders about mental health resources. Ongoing stresses can springboard a whole new level of depression, anxiety, fear, and frustrations. Reaching out for assistance can be the hardest but most important step in finding a path to understanding and working through all the stuff that can overwhelm us. It doesn’t have to make sense to anyone else; if you are feeling overwhelmed, it is very real! Reach out to a school counselor or adviser; reach out to your pastor, reach out to a good friend, reach out to professional resources.&nbsp;

As a friend, you don’t need to solve someone else’s problem, just be there to listen or sit through the moment. One of my favorite memes features Winnie the Pooh and Piglet.&nbsp;

“Today was a Difficult Day," said Pooh

“Do you want to talk about it?” asked Piglet.

“No,” said Pooh after a bit. “No, I don’t think I do.”

“That’s okay,” said Piglet, and he came and sat beside his friend.

“What are you doing?” asked Pooh.

“Nothing, really,” said Piglet. “Only, I know what Difficult Days are like. I quite often don’t feel like talking about it on my Difficult Days, either.”

“But goodness,” continued Piglet, “Difficult Days are so much easier when you know you’ve got someone there for you. And I’ll always be here for you, Pooh.”

And as Pooh sat there, working through in his head his Difficult Day, while the solid, reliable Piglet sat next to him quietly, swinging his little legs…..he thought that his best friend had never been more right.

We can all make a difference in someone’s life. It can be as simple as holding a door, supporting a friend as they seek professional resources, performing a random act of kindness, or just sitting with someone as they work through their Difficult Day.

One of my favorite things as a 4-H agent is when a young person asks, “Do you have a minute?” and I realize that maybe I’m not so tired after all.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth and Development related questions email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>I’m tired y’all. I am tired of the hatefulness, divisiveness, rudeness, mask or no mask, vaccinate or no vaccinate, the “I KNOW I’m right so you must be stupid” attitudes. I am so tired of it all.This past year has been hard on all of us. I take pride in my ability to be resilient and have a glass half-full mentality but I’m tired. I worry about family, friends, co-workers, my 4-H and all youth, and our communities, and it is exhausting.One of the things that I do appreciate of the past year is the frequency with which I see reminders about mental health resources. Ongoing stresses can springboard a whole new level of depression, anxiety, fear, and frustrations. Reaching out for assistance can be the hardest but most important step in finding a path to understanding and working through all the stuff that can overwhelm us. It doesn’t have to make sense to anyone else; if you are feeling overwhelmed, it is very real! Reach out to a school counselor or adviser; reach out to your pastor, reach out to a good friend, reach out to professional resources.&nbsp;As a friend, you don’t need to solve someone else’s problem, just be there to listen or sit through the moment. One of my favorite memes features Winnie the Pooh and Piglet.&nbsp;“Today was a Difficult Day," said PoohThere was a pause.“Do you want to talk about it?” asked Piglet.“No,” said Pooh after a bit. “No, I don’t think I do.”“That’s okay,” said Piglet, and he came and sat beside his friend.“What are you doing?” asked Pooh.“Nothing, really,” said Piglet. “Only, I know what Difficult Days are like. I quite often don’t feel like talking about it on my Difficult Days, either.”“But goodness,” continued Piglet, “Difficult Days are so much easier when you know you’ve got someone there for you. And I’ll always be here for you, Pooh.”And as Pooh sat there, working through in his head his Difficult Day, while the solid, reliable Piglet sat next to him quietly, swinging his little legs…..he thought that his best friend had never been more right.We can all make a difference in someone’s life. It can be as simple as holding a door, supporting a friend as they seek professional resources, performing a random act of kindness, or just sitting with someone as they work through their Difficult Day.One of my favorite things as a 4-H agent is when a young person asks, “Do you have a minute?” and I realize that maybe I’m not so tired after all.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth and Development related questions email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 'I'm tired, y'all'

The Great Bend Farm and Ranch Expo is coming out to the Expo grounds April 7 to 9. The three-day event will have programs, vendors, and a chance to meet up and see what’s new in farming and ranching. Together, with K-State Research and Extension, we will be giving informative programs, and listen to the various specialists discuss what is new in their fields of study. We will also have a virtual option available for those that are interested in attending virtually. You can contact the office for further details!&nbsp;

On Wednesday, April 7th at 1 PM, join KSRE along with the Great Bend Coop at the Wheat Plot tour. The plot is located north of the Expo grounds at Barton County Road and 50 AVE. Romulo Lollato, K-State Research and Extension’s Wheat and Forage Specialist will be present to discuss the 2021 Wheat plot for Barton County that is on location. He will discuss his current issues and future items to be on the lookout for this year in wheat.&nbsp;&nbsp;He will also be available to answer any questions that producers have.&nbsp;

April 8th at 1 pm will be Hemp research update by Jason Griffin, Professor &amp; Director, John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Kansas State University, Dept. Horticulture &amp; Natural Resources. Jason leads the Hemp research that Kansas State University conducted in 2020 that he will report on as well as give an update on what they will be researching in 2021. He will also be available for questions after his presentation.&nbsp;

On Friday, April 9th&nbsp;at 1 pm, Anthony Zukoff will be in Expo 3 discussing&nbsp;Alfalfa&nbsp;weevil insecticide resistance and some notes on cryptic alfalfa pests. Anthony leads the extension entomology program at the Southwest Research and Extension Center in Garden City.&nbsp;&nbsp;He focuses on all things insect-related with an emphasis on current and emerging pest issues facing crop production in Western Kansas.&nbsp;

Whatever your interests are when it comes to farming, there is a subject and specialist that can help you with information. Our specialists are happy to come out and share the latest information and research to help you be able to succeed at your farm. Join us during the lunch hour at the Great Bend Farm and Ranch show April 7 to 9 for all of K-State Research and Extension’s programming.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Great Bend Farm and Ranch Expo is coming out to the Expo grounds April 7 to 9. The three-day event will have programs, vendors, and a chance to meet up and see what’s new in farming and ranching. Together, with K-State Research and Extension, we will be giving informative programs, and listen to the various specialists discuss what is new in their fields of study. We will also have a virtual option available for those that are interested in attending virtually. You can contact the office for further details!&nbsp;On Wednesday, April 7th at 1 PM, join KSRE along with the Great Bend Coop at the Wheat Plot tour. The plot is located north of the Expo grounds at Barton County Road and 50 AVE. Romulo Lollato, K-State Research and Extension’s Wheat and Forage Specialist will be present to discuss the 2021 Wheat plot for Barton County that is on location. He will discuss his current issues and future items to be on the lookout for this year in wheat.&nbsp;&nbsp;He will also be available to answer any questions that producers have.&nbsp;April 8th at 1 pm will be Hemp research update by Jason Griffin, Professor &amp; Director, John C. Pair Horticultural Center, Kansas State University, Dept. Horticulture &amp; Natural Resources. Jason leads the Hemp research that Kansas State University conducted in 2020 that he will report on as well as give an update on what they will be researching in 2021. He will also be available for questions after his presentation.&nbsp;On Friday, April 9th&nbsp;at 1 pm, Anthony Zukoff will be in Expo 3 discussing&nbsp;Alfalfa&nbsp;weevil insecticide resistance and some notes on cryptic alfalfa pests. Anthony leads the extension entomology program at the Southwest Research and Extension Center in Garden City.&nbsp;&nbsp;He focuses on all things insect-related with an emphasis on current and emerging pest issues facing crop production in Western Kansas.&nbsp;Whatever your interests are when it comes to farming, there is a subject and specialist that can help you with information. Our specialists are happy to come out and share the latest information and research to help you be able to succeed at your farm. Join us during the lunch hour at the Great Bend Farm and Ranch show April 7 to 9 for all of K-State Research and Extension’s programming.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Great Bend farm and ranch show on the way

We often are asked whether it is good to mow lower in the spring. The answer is yes and no. It doesn’t hurt to mow lower than normal the first mowing or two. 

As a matter of fact, it can actually speed green-up by removing old, dead grass and allowing the soil to warm up more quickly. &nbsp;But the mowing height should be raised to normal after the first or second cutting to discourage crabgrass and encourage deep rooting. Crabgrass seed must have light to germinate, and a high mowing height will help shade the soil. &nbsp;Also, root depth and mowing height are related on upright growing grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass — the higher the height of cut, the deeper the root system. A deeper root system means a more drought-resistant turf. So, how low should you go on the first cutting? On tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass, you can mow as low as 1 to 1½ inches. Be careful you don't go so low that you scalp the turf. &nbsp; After that, raise the mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass to 2 to 3 inches but 3 to 3½ inches for tall fescue. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>We often are asked whether it is good to mow lower in the spring. The answer is yes and no. It doesn’t hurt to mow lower than normal the first mowing or two. As a matter of fact, it can actually speed green-up by removing old, dead grass and allowing the soil to warm up more quickly. &nbsp;But the mowing height should be raised to normal after the first or second cutting to discourage crabgrass and encourage deep rooting. Crabgrass seed must have light to germinate, and a high mowing height will help shade the soil. &nbsp;Also, root depth and mowing height are related on upright growing grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass — the higher the height of cut, the deeper the root system. A deeper root system means a more drought-resistant turf. So, how low should you go on the first cutting? On tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass, you can mow as low as 1 to 1½ inches. Be careful you don't go so low that you scalp the turf. &nbsp; After that, raise the mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass to 2 to 3 inches but 3 to 3½ inches for tall fescue. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: How low should you go?

Too often caregivers neglect their own health and well-being and put their own needs “on the back burner”. The first chapter of The Caregiver Helpbook is about taking care of yourself. Additional chapters will help the caregiver set goals, make a plan and problem solve.&nbsp;

If you are a caregiver, consider joining an upcoming virtual class to be offered for six consecutive Mondays, April 5th through May 10th from 1:30 to 3 pm. The class does cost $5 but it includes a 230-page Caregiver Helpbook that will be very helpful to family members. The class size is limited, so don’t delay signing up. The link to register for the class is: <a href="https://bit.ly/2WsKkcFe">https://bit.ly/2WsKkcF</a> or you can call the Ford County Extension Office at 620-227-4542. If you know a caregiver who could benefit from this class, please share the information with them.&nbsp;

The Powerful Tools for Caregivers class is designed to help family caregivers take care of themselves while caring for a relative or friend. The class will provide tools to:

The class is only being offered virtually on Zoom at this time. But don’t let that turn you away. If you have never used Zoom, I would be glad to set up a zoom link with you so you can practice before the class starts. Don’t hesitate to give me a call if you have questions about the Powerful Tools for Caregivers class.&nbsp;

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Too often caregivers neglect their own health and well-being and put their own needs “on the back burner”. The first chapter of The Caregiver Helpbook is about taking care of yourself. Additional chapters will help the caregiver set goals, make a plan and problem solve.&nbsp;If you are a caregiver, consider joining an upcoming virtual class to be offered for six consecutive Mondays, April 5th through May 10th from 1:30 to 3 pm. The class does cost $5 but it includes a 230-page Caregiver Helpbook that will be very helpful to family members. The class size is limited, so don’t delay signing up. The link to register for the class is: <a href="https://bit.ly/2WsKkcFe">https://bit.ly/2WsKkcF</a> or you can call the Ford County Extension Office at 620-227-4542. If you know a caregiver who could benefit from this class, please share the information with them.&nbsp;The Powerful Tools for Caregivers class is designed to help family caregivers take care of themselves while caring for a relative or friend. The class will provide tools to:<ul>
 <li>Help you reduce stress</li><li>Communicate effectively</li><li>Take care of yourself</li><li>Reduce guilt, anger and depression</li><li>Help you relax</li><li>Make tough decisions</li><li>Set goals and problem solve.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>The class is only being offered virtually on Zoom at this time. But don’t let that turn you away. If you have never used Zoom, I would be glad to set up a zoom link with you so you can practice before the class starts. Don’t hesitate to give me a call if you have questions about the Powerful Tools for Caregivers class.&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: Powerful tools for caregivers

What better time to talk about this subject! Many in the community are taking advantage of KSU Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds &amp;amp; City of Hays Roll Out the Rain Barrel distribution. This is a fabulous way to conserve a precious resource for the home landscape. A typical barrel will hold approximately 50-55 gallons. They have a cover (required for safety and&nbsp;to prevent mosquitos) with an opening covered by a removable screen for filling and a spigot at&nbsp;the bottom to use when water is needed. The spigot has a knob to adjust the flow and an end where a hose can be attached.

Sounds perfect! All that lovely water ready for use. Conserving water and saving money, a new&nbsp;source of water for the garden and landscape. Whoa! A few details about placement and ease of use might be helpful.

Placement. Under a gutter downspout, whether off a house or garage, even a shed will catch the&nbsp;rain. Where do you plan on using the water? Putting the barrel to the closest downspout&nbsp;facilitates ease of use. Keep in mind, when full, a rain barrel can weigh up to 400 lbs. If not&nbsp;placed on a sturdy base or concrete, they will slowly sink and possibly tip over. A barrel will&nbsp;have an overflow opening which should be placed away from the structure, ideally onto an&nbsp;unpaved surface, to prevent damage to the house or garage. With a heavy rain, the barrel(s) will&nbsp;fill quickly, make sure there is adequate drainage away from the structure. With a little work and&nbsp;some PVC pipe, the barrels can even be connected to one another.

Use: OK, the barrel is full. Now what? The water will not flow quickly and as the barrel empties&nbsp;the flow will slow. Trying to water anything that is above the height of the spigot will be difficult&nbsp;as the water fights against gravity. To make sure the barrel not only won’t sink into the ground with the water weight, but also for ease of use, it should be placed on a base of some sort. Again,&nbsp;keep the weight in mind. A base must not only be able to support the weight but is solid enough&nbsp;to not sink with the weight. Cinderblocks would be suitable. The higher the base, the easier it is&nbsp;to use.

Maintenance: At least once a year, completely empty and rinse out the barrel. This will prevent&nbsp;algal growth, debris or any stagnant water. Do not leave water in the barrel over winter and keep&nbsp;the valve open! If the valve is closed and water remains in the barrel during the winter months,&nbsp;the barrel will crack, the ice melt and water flow, causing possible damage to the foundation of the building.

Safety notes: If using the water on the vegetable garden, make sure to wash off any produce, not with the collected rain water as there may be possible contaminants contained in the water from&nbsp;the roof.

For further information about purchasing a barrel, please drop by the Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;District office, 601 Main St., Hays, KS 67601 or call 725-628-9430. They have the order forms&nbsp;and you may also make your payment there.

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at www.&nbsp;cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>What better time to talk about this subject! Many in the community are taking advantage of KSU Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds &amp;amp; City of Hays Roll Out the Rain Barrel distribution. This is a fabulous way to conserve a precious resource for the home landscape. A typical barrel will hold approximately 50-55 gallons. They have a cover (required for safety and&nbsp;to prevent mosquitos) with an opening covered by a removable screen for filling and a spigot at&nbsp;the bottom to use when water is needed. The spigot has a knob to adjust the flow and an end where a hose can be attached.Sounds perfect! All that lovely water ready for use. Conserving water and saving money, a new&nbsp;source of water for the garden and landscape. Whoa! A few details about placement and ease of use might be helpful.Placement. Under a gutter downspout, whether off a house or garage, even a shed will catch the&nbsp;rain. Where do you plan on using the water? Putting the barrel to the closest downspout&nbsp;facilitates ease of use. Keep in mind, when full, a rain barrel can weigh up to 400 lbs. If not&nbsp;placed on a sturdy base or concrete, they will slowly sink and possibly tip over. A barrel will&nbsp;have an overflow opening which should be placed away from the structure, ideally onto an&nbsp;unpaved surface, to prevent damage to the house or garage. With a heavy rain, the barrel(s) will&nbsp;fill quickly, make sure there is adequate drainage away from the structure. With a little work and&nbsp;some PVC pipe, the barrels can even be connected to one another.Use: OK, the barrel is full. Now what? The water will not flow quickly and as the barrel empties&nbsp;the flow will slow. Trying to water anything that is above the height of the spigot will be difficult&nbsp;as the water fights against gravity. To make sure the barrel not only won’t sink into the ground with the water weight, but also for ease of use, it should be placed on a base of some sort. Again,&nbsp;keep the weight in mind. A base must not only be able to support the weight but is solid enough&nbsp;to not sink with the weight. Cinderblocks would be suitable. The higher the base, the easier it is&nbsp;to use.Maintenance: At least once a year, completely empty and rinse out the barrel. This will prevent&nbsp;algal growth, debris or any stagnant water. Do not leave water in the barrel over winter and keep&nbsp;the valve open! If the valve is closed and water remains in the barrel during the winter months,&nbsp;the barrel will crack, the ice melt and water flow, causing possible damage to the foundation of the building.Safety notes: If using the water on the vegetable garden, make sure to wash off any produce, not with the collected rain water as there may be possible contaminants contained in the water from&nbsp;the roof.For further information about purchasing a barrel, please drop by the Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;District office, 601 Main St., Hays, KS 67601 or call 725-628-9430. They have the order forms&nbsp;and you may also make your payment there.Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at www.&nbsp;cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Rain barrels

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

If you missed any of the one hour long “Crop Talk” webinars that K-State Research &amp; Extension agents hosted for growers in the Northwest and North Central regions of Kansas. They were all recorded with the presenters slides available as well.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html">https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html</a>&nbsp;

Topics that were covered each week starting February 2 – March 9th were:&nbsp;

Soil Fertility Questions from Growers for the 2021 Season

Weed Management and that Pesky Palmer Amaranth (pigweed)

Corn Insect Resistance: Rootworm and Western Bean Cutworm

Grain Sorghum Weed Control: Start Clean, Stay Clean

Sorghum Insects: Aphids, Headworms and Chinch Bugs.. Oh My!

As we entering spring and the growing season another resource available to growers, consultants, industry agronomists and field sales people is the K-State Agronomy eUpdate. It is an electronic newsletter that comes out every week on Thursday. It is packed with timely and brief information, relevant to crop production management and efficiency. You can subscribe to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter at <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php</a>&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extension does not and cannot share our newsletter mailing list to anyone.&nbsp;

If you ever have any questions that we can help you with, please give your local County or District Extension Office a call.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice-mail for a return call.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1616090358892.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictIf you missed any of the one hour long “Crop Talk” webinars that K-State Research &amp; Extension agents hosted for growers in the Northwest and North Central regions of Kansas. They were all recorded with the presenters slides available as well.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html">https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html</a>&nbsp;Topics that were covered each week starting February 2 – March 9th were:&nbsp;Soil Fertility Questions from Growers for the 2021 SeasonWeed Management and that Pesky Palmer Amaranth (pigweed)Corn Insect Resistance: Rootworm and Western Bean CutwormGrain Sorghum Weed Control: Start Clean, Stay CleanSorghum Insects: Aphids, Headworms and Chinch Bugs.. Oh My!Alfalfa Management and Weevil UpdateDryland Corn DynamicsAs we entering spring and the growing season another resource available to growers, consultants, industry agronomists and field sales people is the K-State Agronomy eUpdate. It is an electronic newsletter that comes out every week on Thursday. It is packed with timely and brief information, relevant to crop production management and efficiency. You can subscribe to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter at <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php</a>&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension does not and cannot share our newsletter mailing list to anyone.&nbsp;If you ever have any questions that we can help you with, please give your local County or District Extension Office a call.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice-mail for a return call.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Virtual Crop Talk webinars available online

People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. There are a few reasons that tend to make fall seedings more successful.

The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth, so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it, but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.

Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit, or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.

In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass.  Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension).  It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination.  

Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses, not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia, and Bermuda have. Therefore, they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.

Seeding cool-season grass in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. There are a few reasons that tend to make fall seedings more successful.The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth, so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it, but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit, or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass. Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension). It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination. Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses, not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia, and Bermuda have. Therefore, they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.Seeding cool-season grass in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Why seeding cool-season grasses in spring is difficult

Steve Urban of the Ellis County Master Gardeners Cottonwood District gives some helpful tips on how to plant potatoes.

<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JeV9Fu73pzI"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Steve Urban of the Ellis County Master Gardeners Cottonwood District gives some helpful tips on how to plant potatoes.

🎥 Green & Growing 2021: Planting potatoes

Those of you who know me are not surprised that I love this time of year. Warmer days mean longer and more frequent bike rides. Besides the physical activity that comes with the start of Spring, March is also designated as National Nutrition Month. A couple of weeks ago I put the finishing touches on the revision of a fact sheet and leaders guide I wrote ten years ago titled, “More Plants on the Plate.” The fact sheet includes updated information about the benefits of filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of a grain dish, preferably whole grain, and a small portion of a lean protein round out the foods to fill your nine-inch plate. Dairy or calcium rich foods should also be part of a healthy diet.

The benefits of making dietary changes are amazing. Nutrient dense vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are naturally low in calories and fat. They also are naturally high in fiber which can help keep your digestive system healthy. Consuming a diet featuring more plants is good for your health – today and tomorrow.&nbsp;

We have heard so much lately about how important a strong immune system is. Complex carbohydrates are easy to digest, and the antioxidants in plants actually help strengthen your body’s immune system. Many people with heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases have been able to alleviate their symptoms by eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and consuming fewer solid and added fats, added sugars and refined grains.

Let’s talk a bit about the food that is being consumed in America. Calorie balance, which is one key to a healthy weight, can be achieved when calories consumed from food and drinks equal the calories used for physical activity and metabolic processes. It may sound simplistic but calorie imbalance – or consuming more calories than the body uses – is one reason for the growing national and global epidemic of obesity.&nbsp;

Consider the quality of calories and nutrients in the food consumers are choosing. Research reported in the American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide found that regardless of body weight, many people of all age groups consume too much solid fat, cholesterol, sodium, added sugar and refined grains. Too much of these may increase the risks of certain chronic diseases. A small serving of these energy-dense foods contains a large number of calories. Choosing unhealthy foods instead of nutrient-dense choices, foods that contain many nutrients in relationship to the number of calories, makes it harder to meet nutrient recommendations and control calories. Many choices high in sodium, added fat, and added sugar come from highly processed food. Or they may be choices made from a fast food menu. Preparing more food at home, where you control the ingredients, provides the best chance for healthy alternatives.&nbsp;

Just as important as the plate you are eating from is the beverage you choose to drink. Sugary soft drinks or specialty coffee drinks fill you up with empty calories and provide little nutrition. A glass of water is the healthier choice. Other points to consider as you work toward eating a healthier diet include:

Many people simply live to eat. For improved health, now is the time to eat to live. It may not easy to change eating habits overnight.&nbsp; At first you may find it challenging to avoid processed foods. But gradually, as more vegetables, fruits, grains and legumes are added to your daily menu, you will discover or rediscover what nutrient dense foods taste like. Let’s look for ways to put “more plants on the plate.”

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> or (620)793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Those of you who know me are not surprised that I love this time of year. Warmer days mean longer and more frequent bike rides. Besides the physical activity that comes with the start of Spring, March is also designated as National Nutrition Month. A couple of weeks ago I put the finishing touches on the revision of a fact sheet and leaders guide I wrote ten years ago titled, “More Plants on the Plate.” The fact sheet includes updated information about the benefits of filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of a grain dish, preferably whole grain, and a small portion of a lean protein round out the foods to fill your nine-inch plate. Dairy or calcium rich foods should also be part of a healthy diet.The benefits of making dietary changes are amazing. Nutrient dense vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are naturally low in calories and fat. They also are naturally high in fiber which can help keep your digestive system healthy. Consuming a diet featuring more plants is good for your health – today and tomorrow.&nbsp;We have heard so much lately about how important a strong immune system is. Complex carbohydrates are easy to digest, and the antioxidants in plants actually help strengthen your body’s immune system. Many people with heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases have been able to alleviate their symptoms by eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and consuming fewer solid and added fats, added sugars and refined grains.Let’s talk a bit about the food that is being consumed in America. Calorie balance, which is one key to a healthy weight, can be achieved when calories consumed from food and drinks equal the calories used for physical activity and metabolic processes. It may sound simplistic but calorie imbalance – or consuming more calories than the body uses – is one reason for the growing national and global epidemic of obesity.&nbsp;Consider the quality of calories and nutrients in the food consumers are choosing. Research reported in the American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide found that regardless of body weight, many people of all age groups consume too much solid fat, cholesterol, sodium, added sugar and refined grains. Too much of these may increase the risks of certain chronic diseases. A small serving of these energy-dense foods contains a large number of calories. Choosing unhealthy foods instead of nutrient-dense choices, foods that contain many nutrients in relationship to the number of calories, makes it harder to meet nutrient recommendations and control calories. Many choices high in sodium, added fat, and added sugar come from highly processed food. Or they may be choices made from a fast food menu. Preparing more food at home, where you control the ingredients, provides the best chance for healthy alternatives.&nbsp;Just as important as the plate you are eating from is the beverage you choose to drink. Sugary soft drinks or specialty coffee drinks fill you up with empty calories and provide little nutrition. A glass of water is the healthier choice. Other points to consider as you work toward eating a healthier diet include:<ol>
 <li>Start your day with breakfast.</li><li>Include a fruit or vegetable at every meal or snack.</li><li>Reduce portion sizes.</li><li>Eat slowly and eat only until you are no longer hungry.&nbsp;</li><li>Choose to eat more nutrient dense foods. (Choose an apple instead of that piece of apple pie)</li><li>Eat whole foods instead of highly processed foods.&nbsp;</li>
 </ol>Many people simply live to eat. For improved health, now is the time to eat to live. It may not easy to change eating habits overnight.&nbsp; At first you may find it challenging to avoid processed foods. But gradually, as more vegetables, fruits, grains and legumes are added to your daily menu, you will discover or rediscover what nutrient dense foods taste like. Let’s look for ways to put “more plants on the plate.”Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> or (620)793-1910.&nbsp;

KRUG: Consider putting more plants on your plate

The unique climate characteristics of the Southern Great Plains allow producers to use wheat as a forage and grain crop. Date of grazing termination is an important factor in determining wheat’s recovery potential and ability to produce grain. First hollow stem (FHS) is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pastures to protect yield potential.&nbsp;

Before the wheat leaf sheaths become erect after spring green-up, the developing growing point, which is below the soil surface, will soon begin to form a tiny head. Although the head is quite small at this point, it has already established some important yield components. At this stage, the maximum potential number of spikelets is determined. Sufficient nitrogen (N) should already be available to maximize the potential number of seeds per head.&nbsp;

Once the embryo head has developed, the first internode will begin to elongate, pushing the head up through the leaf sheaths. This first internode will be hollow. This will be visible before you can actually feel the first node.&nbsp;

FHS is the point at which a 1.5 cm length of hollow stem can first be identified below the developing head. This length is roughly equivalent to the diameter of a dime. FHS occurs when the developing head is still below the soil surface. This means that producers have to dig plants out of the ground to measure it.&nbsp;

To look for FHS, start by digging up some plants from fields or areas that have not been grazed, such as field corners or just outside the fence. Date of FHS is variety- and field-specific, so it is important to sample each field. Select the largest tillers to examine, and slice the stem open from the crown area up. Look for the developing head, which will be very small. Next, see if you can find any hollow stem between the developing head and the crown area. If there is any separation, the hollow stem is elongating. If that separation is 1.5 cm, the wheat plant is at FHS. FHS occurs between a few days to a week or more prior to jointing, depending on temperatures.&nbsp;

If the wheat has reached FHS, cattle should be removed to prevent yield loss. Yield losses from grazing after FHS can range from 1 to 5% per day, depending on grazing intensity and the weather following cattle removal. If cattle removal is followed by cool, moist weather, yield losses will often average about 1% per day grazed after FHS; if weather is hot, dry, and harsh, yield losses of 5% per day or more can be expected. It is easy for producers to be late by a few days in removing livestock as they wait for obvious nodes and hollow stems to appear, and even the first few days can be significant.&nbsp;

Two things can occur when wheat is grazed too long: 1) fewer heads per acre because the primary tiller has been removed, and 2) smaller and lighter heads than expected because leaf area has been removed. As cattle continue grazing, the wheat plant is stressed and begins to lose some of the tillers that would produce grain. A little later, if there are not enough photosynthates, the plant begins aborting the lower spikelets in the head or some of the florets on each head. Finally, if there is not enough photosynthate during grain filling, the seed size will be reduced and if the stress is severe enough, some seed will abort.&nbsp;

For more information on managing wheat in dual-purpose systems, check the K-State Research and Extension publication MF3375, “Dual-purpose wheat: Management for forage and grain production”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The unique climate characteristics of the Southern Great Plains allow producers to use wheat as a forage and grain crop. Date of grazing termination is an important factor in determining wheat’s recovery potential and ability to produce grain. First hollow stem (FHS) is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pastures to protect yield potential.&nbsp;Before the wheat leaf sheaths become erect after spring green-up, the developing growing point, which is below the soil surface, will soon begin to form a tiny head. Although the head is quite small at this point, it has already established some important yield components. At this stage, the maximum potential number of spikelets is determined. Sufficient nitrogen (N) should already be available to maximize the potential number of seeds per head.&nbsp;Once the embryo head has developed, the first internode will begin to elongate, pushing the head up through the leaf sheaths. This first internode will be hollow. This will be visible before you can actually feel the first node.&nbsp;FHS is the point at which a 1.5 cm length of hollow stem can first be identified below the developing head. This length is roughly equivalent to the diameter of a dime. FHS occurs when the developing head is still below the soil surface. This means that producers have to dig plants out of the ground to measure it.&nbsp;To look for FHS, start by digging up some plants from fields or areas that have not been grazed, such as field corners or just outside the fence. Date of FHS is variety- and field-specific, so it is important to sample each field. Select the largest tillers to examine, and slice the stem open from the crown area up. Look for the developing head, which will be very small. Next, see if you can find any hollow stem between the developing head and the crown area. If there is any separation, the hollow stem is elongating. If that separation is 1.5 cm, the wheat plant is at FHS. FHS occurs between a few days to a week or more prior to jointing, depending on temperatures.&nbsp;If the wheat has reached FHS, cattle should be removed to prevent yield loss. Yield losses from grazing after FHS can range from 1 to 5% per day, depending on grazing intensity and the weather following cattle removal. If cattle removal is followed by cool, moist weather, yield losses will often average about 1% per day grazed after FHS; if weather is hot, dry, and harsh, yield losses of 5% per day or more can be expected. It is easy for producers to be late by a few days in removing livestock as they wait for obvious nodes and hollow stems to appear, and even the first few days can be significant.&nbsp;Two things can occur when wheat is grazed too long: 1) fewer heads per acre because the primary tiller has been removed, and 2) smaller and lighter heads than expected because leaf area has been removed. As cattle continue grazing, the wheat plant is stressed and begins to lose some of the tillers that would produce grain. A little later, if there are not enough photosynthates, the plant begins aborting the lower spikelets in the head or some of the florets on each head. Finally, if there is not enough photosynthate during grain filling, the seed size will be reduced and if the stress is severe enough, some seed will abort.&nbsp;For more information on managing wheat in dual-purpose systems, check the K-State Research and Extension publication MF3375, “Dual-purpose wheat: Management for forage and grain production”&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

BOOR: Wheat as forage and grain

Wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild onion (Allium canadense) are two closely related plants that can become weed problems in home lawns and landscapes. Though wild garlic and wild onion look much alike, each has an odor that is characterized by its name – wild garlic smells like garlic and wild onion smells like onion. These plants are perennials that can also reproduce by seeds and aerial bulbils. Bulbils form at the top of the stem and are oval and smooth. 

Wild garlic also reproduces by underground bulb offsets, but wild onion does not. Both species produce a clump of plants that is unsightly in a lawn. Control recommendations are the same though we now have a couple of new additions to our arsenal.​Traditionally we have used 2,4-D or 2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba (i.e., Trimec, Weed-Out, Weed-B-Gon). These products should be sprayed during March on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Newer products are Weed Free Zone and Speed Zone. Both are combination products that contain a formulation of Trimec plus carfentrazone. These will give a quicker response at cooler temperatures than 50 degrees. A spreader-sticker added to the spray should help any of these products be more effective. At times, the spreader-sticker is already mixed into the weed killer; no additional amount is needed. These herbicides are also effective on dandelions. Unfortunately, we have not had a good chemical control for Star-of-Bethlehem. The best products we had were Coolpower (31.3% control) and Turflon Ester (23.8% control). Coolpower is a commercial only product, but Turflon Ester is available to both commercial and homeowner users. But research out of Virginia Tech has improved our outlook. Scientists there did a study in which they gained 96% control of Star-of-Bethlehem one month after treatment by using Quicksilver, a formulation of carfentrazone at the rate of 4 fl. oz/A. Quicksilver is a commercial only product, and therefore is not readily available to homeowners. However, both Speed Zone and Weed Free Zone contain carfentrazone and would certainly be worth a try if you have this troublesome plant. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild onion (Allium canadense) are two closely related plants that can become weed problems in home lawns and landscapes. Though wild garlic and wild onion look much alike, each has an odor that is characterized by its name – wild garlic smells like garlic and wild onion smells like onion. These plants are perennials that can also reproduce by seeds and aerial bulbils. Bulbils form at the top of the stem and are oval and smooth. Wild garlic also reproduces by underground bulb offsets, but wild onion does not. Both species produce a clump of plants that is unsightly in a lawn. Control recommendations are the same though we now have a couple of new additions to our arsenal.​Traditionally we have used 2,4-D or 2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba (i.e., Trimec, Weed-Out, Weed-B-Gon). These products should be sprayed during March on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Newer products are Weed Free Zone and Speed Zone. Both are combination products that contain a formulation of Trimec plus carfentrazone. These will give a quicker response at cooler temperatures than 50 degrees. A spreader-sticker added to the spray should help any of these products be more effective. At times, the spreader-sticker is already mixed into the weed killer; no additional amount is needed. These herbicides are also effective on dandelions. Unfortunately, we have not had a good chemical control for Star-of-Bethlehem. The best products we had were Coolpower (31.3% control) and Turflon Ester (23.8% control). Coolpower is a commercial only product, but Turflon Ester is available to both commercial and homeowner users. But research out of Virginia Tech has improved our outlook. Scientists there did a study in which they gained 96% control of Star-of-Bethlehem one month after treatment by using Quicksilver, a formulation of carfentrazone at the rate of 4 fl. oz/A. Quicksilver is a commercial only product, and therefore is not readily available to homeowners. However, both Speed Zone and Weed Free Zone contain carfentrazone and would certainly be worth a try if you have this troublesome plant. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Wild onion, wild garlic, and Star-of-Bethlehem

The 4-H cloverleaf symbol is a well-recognized emblem but have you ever stopped to think about what is behind the emblem?&nbsp;

The purpose of 4-H extends well beyond the county or state fair and each H of the emblem represents an integral part. Providing educational strategies and opportunities for youth, in partnership with adults, to develop life skills is truly the goal of 4-H.&nbsp;

I pledge my HEAD to clearer thinking – The first line of the 4-H pledge speaks to the importance of developing critical thinking and problem solving. This is a skill that can be modeled by adults and mentors but must be practiced by the youth to improve.

I pledge my HEART to greater loyalty -&nbsp; This section of the pledge is all about self-discipline, integrity and communication. Making time to work on projects, care for livestock and complete record books are activities that reinforce self-discipline. Handling successful and not-so-successful events and being responsible for your own projects builds integrity. Communications skills are relevant in every field, every job and every relationship. Practicing communication skills with fellow 4-H members, club leaders, judges and the community are necessary as this doesn’t come naturally or easily for everyone.

I pledge my HANDS to larger service -&nbsp; The third line of the 4-H pledge speaks to service and servant leadership. Raising people who are comfortable and willing to accept leadership roles in organizations is crucial for the continued growth and success of our communities. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with their “leadership” on display and leaders can have a huge impact -&nbsp; positive or negative! Watch a young person, who may not be comfortable presenting in front of a large group, quietly show another how to wash a calf, show a pig or finish a hem “just right”. That is servant leadership!

I pledge my HEALTH to better living – In a world increasingly critical of agricultural practices, it is important to know where our food comes from and make good choices in regard to healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle. Being the best version of ourselves contributes to the success of all around us.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The 4-H cloverleaf symbol is a well-recognized emblem but have you ever stopped to think about what is behind the emblem?&nbsp;The purpose of 4-H extends well beyond the county or state fair and each H of the emblem represents an integral part. Providing educational strategies and opportunities for youth, in partnership with adults, to develop life skills is truly the goal of 4-H.&nbsp;I pledge my HEAD to clearer thinking – The first line of the 4-H pledge speaks to the importance of developing critical thinking and problem solving. This is a skill that can be modeled by adults and mentors but must be practiced by the youth to improve.I pledge my HEART to greater loyalty -&nbsp; This section of the pledge is all about self-discipline, integrity and communication. Making time to work on projects, care for livestock and complete record books are activities that reinforce self-discipline. Handling successful and not-so-successful events and being responsible for your own projects builds integrity. Communications skills are relevant in every field, every job and every relationship. Practicing communication skills with fellow 4-H members, club leaders, judges and the community are necessary as this doesn’t come naturally or easily for everyone.I pledge my HANDS to larger service -&nbsp; The third line of the 4-H pledge speaks to service and servant leadership. Raising people who are comfortable and willing to accept leadership roles in organizations is crucial for the continued growth and success of our communities. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with their “leadership” on display and leaders can have a huge impact -&nbsp; positive or negative! Watch a young person, who may not be comfortable presenting in front of a large group, quietly show another how to wash a calf, show a pig or finish a hem “just right”. That is servant leadership!I pledge my HEALTH to better living – In a world increasingly critical of agricultural practices, it is important to know where our food comes from and make good choices in regard to healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle. Being the best version of ourselves contributes to the success of all around us.The activities of 4-H teach life skills such as the ability to clearly and concisely present material to an audience, understand meeting structure for efficient and productive meetings, and updating records from record books to checkbooks and budgets.&nbsp;We are all competitive and want to do well but often the learning process and life skills are more important than a judge’s opinion on a given day. Life skills- That’s what it’s all about!Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth and Development related questions email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.