By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension District

Cool fall days have arrived which means we are spending more time indoors. This change increases our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick.

One key habit is proper handwashing because it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:

1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.

2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.

3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.

4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!

5. In public places, many objects are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.

6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer.

7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.

Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictCool fall days have arrived which means we are spending more time indoors. This change increases our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick.One key habit is proper handwashing because it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!5. In public places, many objects are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer.7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Habits to stay healthy-handwashing

By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Fall is a wonderful season for agriculture and a time to, hopefully, reap the bounty of the year’s production. If producers have access to crop residue fields following grain harvest, then preparing to turn cattle out to graze such acres is one task that deserves to be near the top of the priority list. Grain sorghum represents an excellent opportunity to extend the grazing season. However, there are several important management considerations that need to be kept in mind with grazing sorghum residue.

Understandably, the absence of fences and water sources is one of the biggest limitations for residue grazing. Many acres are grown in rain-fed systems in which sourcing water from an irrigation well is not possible. Likewise, hauling water long distances is usually not practical. However, if water can be supplied and temporary fences put up, then grazing sorghum residues is usually economical. A single strand of electric fence can work quite well for keeping cows contained, while 2 or more strands may be needed for small calves.

Unlike actively growing forages, both the quantity and quality of residue available for grazing will be highest immediately following harvest and will steadily decline over time due to weathering, trampling, and consumption by cattle. Regarding forage quantity, field data indicate about 2.5 to 3.0 tons of residue per acre on average is produced following harvest. If accounting for 50% of the total residue on the field as available for grazing and of that amount 50% was utilized, then one acre would supply enough forage for one gestating cow for approximately 50 to 60 days.

High amounts of grain on the surface of the field pose a risk of acidosis, particularly for animals with experience grazing residue fields. Cattle selectively graze and will seek out and consume any grain present first. The degree to which grain in the field poses a risk is dependent on many factors, but levels greater than 10 to 15 bushels per acre generally require additional caution. Avoiding turning hungry animals directly on to fields by filling them up on forage, strip grazing to reduce the amount grain available per animal, supplementing low amounts of grain initially before turning them out, and feeding sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer are all strategies that may be used to decrease risk of acidosis.

Nitrate and prussic acid toxicity are both conditions that increase in prevalence due to plant stress and cause asphyxiation in the animal, yet are distinctly independent from each other. Nitrates accumulate in the base of the stalk or stem, and while issues associated with nitrate toxicity are generally less common in grazing situations as compared to when cattle are fed a diet, for this reason it is critical to manage stocking rate so that cattle are not forced to consume the lower 1/3rd of the stalk or stem. Prussic acid can occur in plant species within the broader sorghum family, and primarily accumulates in young, rapidly growing plant tissue. Therefore, avoiding grazing sorghum residue around a frost event and for the first 7 days following a killing freeze is a sound practice. Just as with harvested forages, representative samples of standing forage can be collected for analysis of nitrate and prussic acid to determine risk levels and guide management decisions.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictFall is a wonderful season for agriculture and a time to, hopefully, reap the bounty of the year’s production. If producers have access to crop residue fields following grain harvest, then preparing to turn cattle out to graze such acres is one task that deserves to be near the top of the priority list. Grain sorghum represents an excellent opportunity to extend the grazing season. However, there are several important management considerations that need to be kept in mind with grazing sorghum residue.Understandably, the absence of fences and water sources is one of the biggest limitations for residue grazing. Many acres are grown in rain-fed systems in which sourcing water from an irrigation well is not possible. Likewise, hauling water long distances is usually not practical. However, if water can be supplied and temporary fences put up, then grazing sorghum residues is usually economical. A single strand of electric fence can work quite well for keeping cows contained, while 2 or more strands may be needed for small calves.Unlike actively growing forages, both the quantity and quality of residue available for grazing will be highest immediately following harvest and will steadily decline over time due to weathering, trampling, and consumption by cattle. Regarding forage quantity, field data indicate about 2.5 to 3.0 tons of residue per acre on average is produced following harvest. If accounting for 50% of the total residue on the field as available for grazing and of that amount 50% was utilized, then one acre would supply enough forage for one gestating cow for approximately 50 to 60 days.High amounts of grain on the surface of the field pose a risk of acidosis, particularly for animals with experience grazing residue fields. Cattle selectively graze and will seek out and consume any grain present first. The degree to which grain in the field poses a risk is dependent on many factors, but levels greater than 10 to 15 bushels per acre generally require additional caution. Avoiding turning hungry animals directly on to fields by filling them up on forage, strip grazing to reduce the amount grain available per animal, supplementing low amounts of grain initially before turning them out, and feeding sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer are all strategies that may be used to decrease risk of acidosis.Nitrate and prussic acid toxicity are both conditions that increase in prevalence due to plant stress and cause asphyxiation in the animal, yet are distinctly independent from each other. Nitrates accumulate in the base of the stalk or stem, and while issues associated with nitrate toxicity are generally less common in grazing situations as compared to when cattle are fed a diet, for this reason it is critical to manage stocking rate so that cattle are not forced to consume the lower 1/3rd of the stalk or stem. Prussic acid can occur in plant species within the broader sorghum family, and primarily accumulates in young, rapidly growing plant tissue. Therefore, avoiding grazing sorghum residue around a frost event and for the first 7 days following a killing freeze is a sound practice. Just as with harvested forages, representative samples of standing forage can be collected for analysis of nitrate and prussic acid to determine risk levels and guide management decisions.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Grazing sorghum residues

The 94th Annual 4-H Achievement Banquet was recently held on Oct. 26 at the Ellis Co. Fairgrounds in Hays to honor Ellis Co. 4-Her’s! More than 150 4-H members, their families, and special guests attended the annual awards banquet sponsored by the Ellis County 4-H Council. This year they recognized all Ellis Co. 4-H members, leaders and supporters.

Nominated as outstanding 4-H members from the 4-H clubs were

Big Creek Astros Isaac Moreno Preslie Werth

Buckeye Jr. Farmers Faith Schmeidler Brynlee Walter

Ellis Sunflowers Kylee Pfeifer Hunter Talkington

Shooting Sports Zachary McCall Gavin Bemis

The Senior winners were Faith Schmeidler and Ella Neher, and the Junior winners were Preslie Werth and Brynlee Walter.

Grace Schmeidler and John Weisenborn were awarded the “I Dare You” leadership award. The National I Dare You Leadership Award is given in recognition of personal integrity, balanced living, and potential for leadership. Each recipient receives a copy of Danforth’s inspirational book, I Dare You. Grace Schmeidler has demonstrated outstanding leadership, dedication, and service through her extensive involvement in 4-H and beyond. Grace’s reference describes her as “honest, dependable, and incredibly hardworking," adding that she goes above and beyond in her 4-H roles and is always willing to help others learn and grow. John Weisenborn has consistently demonstrated exceptional leadership, integrity, and service through his involvement in 4-H, school, and Boy Scouts of America. His reference describes John as a strong leader with a deep commitment to helping others and improving his community. His positive impact and drive make him a deserving recipient of the "I Dare You" Award.

The Kansas Key Award is presented to 10% of Kansas 4-H’ers who attain a high level of leadership throughout their 4-H career. You must be enrolled in the 4-H Leadership project for 4

years and complete 9 of 11 leadership goals set out by the State 4-H program. This special 4-H leadership award went to Grace Schmeidler and John Weisenborn.

Marisa Wasinger was awarded the 2024 Rosemary Smith 4-H Scholarship given by her family in memory of long time 4-H Leader Rosemary Smith. Marisa has served at many levels in her 4-H career to help promote 4-H. Her latest has been as a member of the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Water Ambassadors and as the Ellis County 4-H Council President.

Receiving Gold Certificates for their Project Record books were Addy Haffner – Jr. Clothing, Bret Pope – Jr. Beef and Wood Science, James Wheeler – Jr. Poultry, Jessa Taylor – Foods and Nutrition, Alaina Yarmer – Int. Clothing, Poultry, and Self-Determined, Audrey Yarmer – Int, Dog, Poultry, and Recreation, Brynlee Walter – Int. Beef, Foods and Nutrition, Meat Goat, Photography, Sheep, and Visual Arts, Cannon Vajnar – Int. Entomology, Karci Kimzey - Int. Horse, Kate Pope – Int. Wood Science, Layne Haffner – Int. Shopping in Style, Chloey Brown – Sr. Foods and Nutrition and Photography, Faith Schmeidler – Sr. Beef, Grace Schmeidler – Sr. Leadership, Keeli Kimzey – Sr. Horse, Lizzy Vajnar – Sr. Communications and Meat Goat winners will advance to the NW Area competition in January.

Each 4-H Club in the county has the opportunity to nominate a business and an individual who they feel have gone above and beyond the call of duty to help Ellis Co. 4-H. The Ellis Co. 4-H Council makes the final decision on who to recognize as a “Friend of 4-H”.

This year’s individual Friend of 4-H goes to Bill &amp; Susan Rajewski. They were nominated by the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. Bill and Susan have a definitive love for 4-H and the youth of Ellis County. Susan was the long-time co-leader of the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. In that role, she was a strong advocate for club members and encouraged each to actively participate in local, regional, and state activities. She was also well known for her cute, hand-crocheted doodads that always contained a treat of some kind, usually candy. Both Bill and Susan have always answered the call when asked to lend a hand. Susan stepped up as the superintendent of the Foods Challenge when it first come to the Ellis County Fair and has been involved since. She is also the fair superintendent for open-class arts and crafts. They also support 4-Hers through their participation as buyers at the Ellis County Fair Livestock Auction. Thank you for your dedication to Ellis County 4-H, through both volunteerism and financial support, you truly are a Friend of 4-H!

This year’s business Friend of 4-H is the Bank of Hays, nominated by the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. The Bank of Hays was founded in 2004 with the goal of meeting the needs of the Hays

community. One of the ways they have shown that commitment to community support is through their devotion to Ellis County 4-H ever since. Shortly after the new bank building opened, Bank of Hays hosted a 4-H photography exhibit. In the years since, Bank of Hays has contributed in many and varied ways, from volunteering at 4-H events to being one of the donors for the construction of the new food stand. For many years, Bank of Hays has funded the exhibitor breakfast at the Ellis County Fair at the request of the Ellis County 4-H Council. The exhibitor breakfast is a key event to kick-off fair activities and is something that exhibitors and judges both appreciate. For all of these reasons, it is clear that the Bank of Hays is highly deserving of being name the Business 2024 Friend of 4-H.

All Ellis Co. 4-H members present received their certificate of completion of the 2023-2024 4-H Program Year and if criteria were meet, they were awarded membership pins based on the number of years and level of involvement in the local and statewide 4-H program activities. Club leaders and Shooting Sports instructors were also recognized for their dedication to the 4-H program.

Congratulations &amp; thank you to these individuals for their dedication to and support of Ellis County 4-H youth.

The evening concluded with the 4-H Scholarship &amp; Development Committee holding a silent and live auction to raise money for 4-H activities and graduating senior scholarships. If you would like to donate to the organization please contact our office at 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/11/1730675483176.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedThe 94th Annual 4-H Achievement Banquet was recently held on Oct. 26 at the Ellis Co. Fairgrounds in Hays to honor Ellis Co. 4-Her’s! More than 150 4-H members, their families, and special guests attended the annual awards banquet sponsored by the Ellis County 4-H Council. This year they recognized all Ellis Co. 4-H members, leaders and supporters.Nominated as outstanding 4-H members from the 4-H clubs wereSR Nominees JR NomineesBig Creek Astros Isaac Moreno Preslie WerthBuckeye Jr. Farmers Faith Schmeidler Brynlee WalterEllis Sunflowers Kylee Pfeifer Hunter TalkingtonGemini Jrs. Kimberly Sack Eva BetzShooting Sports Zachary McCall Gavin BemisVictoria Vikings Ella Neher Esther NeherThe Senior winners were Faith Schmeidler and Ella Neher, and the Junior winners were Preslie Werth and Brynlee Walter.Grace Schmeidler and John Weisenborn were awarded the “I Dare You” leadership award. The National I Dare You Leadership Award is given in recognition of personal integrity, balanced living, and potential for leadership. Each recipient receives a copy of Danforth’s inspirational book, I Dare You. Grace Schmeidler has demonstrated outstanding leadership, dedication, and service through her extensive involvement in 4-H and beyond. Grace’s reference describes her as “honest, dependable, and incredibly hardworking," adding that she goes above and beyond in her 4-H roles and is always willing to help others learn and grow. John Weisenborn has consistently demonstrated exceptional leadership, integrity, and service through his involvement in 4-H, school, and Boy Scouts of America. His reference describes John as a strong leader with a deep commitment to helping others and improving his community. His positive impact and drive make him a deserving recipient of the "I Dare You" Award.The Kansas Key Award is presented to 10% of Kansas 4-H’ers who attain a high level of leadership throughout their 4-H career. You must be enrolled in the 4-H Leadership project for 4years and complete 9 of 11 leadership goals set out by the State 4-H program. This special 4-H leadership award went to Grace Schmeidler and John Weisenborn.Marisa Wasinger was awarded the 2024 Rosemary Smith 4-H Scholarship given by her family in memory of long time 4-H Leader Rosemary Smith. Marisa has served at many levels in her 4-H career to help promote 4-H. Her latest has been as a member of the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Water Ambassadors and as the Ellis County 4-H Council President.Receiving Gold Certificates for their Project Record books were Addy Haffner – Jr. Clothing, Bret Pope – Jr. Beef and Wood Science, James Wheeler – Jr. Poultry, Jessa Taylor – Foods and Nutrition, Alaina Yarmer – Int. Clothing, Poultry, and Self-Determined, Audrey Yarmer – Int, Dog, Poultry, and Recreation, Brynlee Walter – Int. Beef, Foods and Nutrition, Meat Goat, Photography, Sheep, and Visual Arts, Cannon Vajnar – Int. Entomology, Karci Kimzey - Int. Horse, Kate Pope – Int. Wood Science, Layne Haffner – Int. Shopping in Style, Chloey Brown – Sr. Foods and Nutrition and Photography, Faith Schmeidler – Sr. Beef, Grace Schmeidler – Sr. Leadership, Keeli Kimzey – Sr. Horse, Lizzy Vajnar – Sr. Communications and Meat Goat winners will advance to the NW Area competition in January.Each 4-H Club in the county has the opportunity to nominate a business and an individual who they feel have gone above and beyond the call of duty to help Ellis Co. 4-H. The Ellis Co. 4-H Council makes the final decision on who to recognize as a “Friend of 4-H”.This year’s individual Friend of 4-H goes to Bill &amp; Susan Rajewski. They were nominated by the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. Bill and Susan have a definitive love for 4-H and the youth of Ellis County. Susan was the long-time co-leader of the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. In that role, she was a strong advocate for club members and encouraged each to actively participate in local, regional, and state activities. She was also well known for her cute, hand-crocheted doodads that always contained a treat of some kind, usually candy. Both Bill and Susan have always answered the call when asked to lend a hand. Susan stepped up as the superintendent of the Foods Challenge when it first come to the Ellis County Fair and has been involved since. She is also the fair superintendent for open-class arts and crafts. They also support 4-Hers through their participation as buyers at the Ellis County Fair Livestock Auction. Thank you for your dedication to Ellis County 4-H, through both volunteerism and financial support, you truly are a Friend of 4-H!This year’s business Friend of 4-H is the Bank of Hays, nominated by the Gemini Jrs 4-H Club. The Bank of Hays was founded in 2004 with the goal of meeting the needs of the Hayscommunity. One of the ways they have shown that commitment to community support is through their devotion to Ellis County 4-H ever since. Shortly after the new bank building opened, Bank of Hays hosted a 4-H photography exhibit. In the years since, Bank of Hays has contributed in many and varied ways, from volunteering at 4-H events to being one of the donors for the construction of the new food stand. For many years, Bank of Hays has funded the exhibitor breakfast at the Ellis County Fair at the request of the Ellis County 4-H Council. The exhibitor breakfast is a key event to kick-off fair activities and is something that exhibitors and judges both appreciate. For all of these reasons, it is clear that the Bank of Hays is highly deserving of being name the Business 2024 Friend of 4-H.All Ellis Co. 4-H members present received their certificate of completion of the 2023-2024 4-H Program Year and if criteria were meet, they were awarded membership pins based on the number of years and level of involvement in the local and statewide 4-H program activities. Club leaders and Shooting Sports instructors were also recognized for their dedication to the 4-H program.Congratulations &amp; thank you to these individuals for their dedication to and support of Ellis County 4-H youth.The evening concluded with the 4-H Scholarship &amp; Development Committee holding a silent and live auction to raise money for 4-H activities and graduating senior scholarships. If you would like to donate to the organization please contact our office at 785-628-9430.

4-H host annual Achievement Banquet

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Over the past several decades, researchers across the country have recognized the strong correlation between parents’ and caregivers’ educational attainment and children’s educational outcomes. We know that families thrive when they learn together.

Back in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate November 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 29 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each November.

Encouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.

Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissors.

Often times parents think they have to read a book from beginning to end, not skipping any pages. However, research from the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch Up (ABC) program at the University of Delaware, actually promotes following your child’s lead with reading and play. If a child is looking at or chewing on a book on their own that’s okay! Talk to them about what they are doing. If they bring you a book, allow them to turn the pages and talk to them about what is on the page. This can put the child in charge and allow them time to explore on their own terms which aids their social emotional development by making them feel important and that they can have an effect on their world.

While libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five. They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.

Fax: 785-623-2432 Email: burban@usd489.com

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictOver the past several decades, researchers across the country have recognized the strong correlation between parents’ and caregivers’ educational attainment and children’s educational outcomes. We know that families thrive when they learn together.Back in 1994, the National Center for Families Learning (NCFL) worked with Congress to designate November 1 as National Family Literacy Day®. Each year for the past 29 years, we have joined libraries, schools, and educational programs across the country to celebrate National Family Literacy Month throughout each November.Encouraging families to read and giving them the resources to read to their children every day is so important for a young child’s development and success in school. Reading to my children was one of my favorite things to do with them when they were young and even as they got older. I have fond memories of attending library story time as well as snuggling on the couch to read a good book. This is one of those times that parents can use to touch base with their child and maybe help them wind down for nap or bedtime. It doesn’t matter what time of day it is, finding a time to read in your routine is what is important.Not only is reading an important skill for school but it also helps children with other developmental skills as well. Exposing children to books from birth or even prenatally is a great way to aid their development. Books not only aid literacy skills but they also help little fingers develop. As they learn to turn pages of a book, they strengthen their fingers and fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are important to develop now so when they get to school they can hold pencils, crayons, and scissors.Often times parents think they have to read a book from beginning to end, not skipping any pages. However, research from the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch Up (ABC) program at the University of Delaware, actually promotes following your child’s lead with reading and play. If a child is looking at or chewing on a book on their own that’s okay! Talk to them about what they are doing. If they bring you a book, allow them to turn the pages and talk to them about what is on the page. This can put the child in charge and allow them time to explore on their own terms which aids their social emotional development by making them feel important and that they can have an effect on their world.While libraries are great and offer many programs to get children involved with books and reading, sometimes it’s nice to start building a library at home as well. Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library has been integral in getting books into the hands of children and their parents. Once you sign up, books are mailed to the child every month from birth to age five. They are sent directly to the child so it’s exciting for them to get mail and the books are age appropriate also. The program is available both in Ellis and Barton County. Contact information is below.United Way of Central Kansas1409 WILLIAMS STGREAT BEND KS 67530Contact: Ken MarstonPhone: 620-792-2409Fax: Email: kmarston@greatbendpl.infoEllis County Imagination Library2501 E 13TH STHAYS KS 67601Contact: Brenda UrbanPhone: 785-623-2430Fax: 785-623-2432 Email: burban@usd489.comMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: November-National Family Literacy Month

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

K-State Research and Extension and the Northwest/North Central Extension Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools in mid-November. 

The first one is set for Nov. 19 in Beloit at the Beloit Methodist Church, and the second one will take place on Nov. 20 in Dighton at the United Methodist Church. 

Both events will begin at 7:45 a.m. with registration and conclude at 5:00 p.m.

Join us in person to learn how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – affecting all crops in central and western Kansas!

7:45 Registration 8:05 Welcome 8:15 Weed research update for western KS - Jeremie Kouame, Weed Scientist at Hays 9:10 Row crop disease that should be on your radar – Rodrigo Onofre, Row Crop Pathologist 10:05 Break 10:20 A new corn disease that should be on your radar – Anthony Zukoff, Entomologist, Garden City 11:15 Insect outlook for 2025 – Anthony Zukoff 12:10 Lunch 12:50 Drones in agronomic pest management – Deepak Joshi, Precision Ag Specialist 1:45 Recipe for tank mixing successfully – Sarah Lancaster, Weed Science Specialist 2:40 Break 2:55 Wheat diseases to watch for next spring – Jeanne Falk Jones, Craig Dinkel, Sandra Wick 3:50 Kansas Regulation (Core Hour) – Kansas Dept. of Ag 4:45 Questions/Adjourn

Commercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by the Kansas Department of Agriculture. 

Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. 

These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers.

The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 11; after that date, the fee is $75. To register, go to https://www.wkrec.org/events/crop-pest-management-school.html. 

You can also scan the QR code below. If you register at the door, cash and checks will be accepted. We are unable to accept credit/debit cards at the door. If inclement weather occurs, the program will be held at a later date in an online format.

For questions, please contact Jeanne Falk-Jones, Multi-County Agronomist, at 785-462-6281 or Sandra Wick, Post Rock District Crop Production Agent, at 785-282-6823.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictK-State Research and Extension and the Northwest/North Central Extension Districts are hosting two Crop Pest Management Schools in mid-November. The first one is set for Nov. 19 in Beloit at the Beloit Methodist Church, and the second one will take place on Nov. 20 in Dighton at the United Methodist Church. Both events will begin at 7:45 a.m. with registration and conclude at 5:00 p.m.Join us in person to learn how to control the latest pests – weeds, insects, and diseases – affecting all crops in central and western Kansas!Event Schedule:7:45 Registration 8:05 Welcome 8:15 Weed research update for western KS - Jeremie Kouame, Weed Scientist at Hays 9:10 Row crop disease that should be on your radar – Rodrigo Onofre, Row Crop Pathologist 10:05 Break 10:20 A new corn disease that should be on your radar – Anthony Zukoff, Entomologist, Garden City 11:15 Insect outlook for 2025 – Anthony Zukoff 12:10 Lunch 12:50 Drones in agronomic pest management – Deepak Joshi, Precision Ag Specialist 1:45 Recipe for tank mixing successfully – Sarah Lancaster, Weed Science Specialist 2:40 Break 2:55 Wheat diseases to watch for next spring – Jeanne Falk Jones, Craig Dinkel, Sandra Wick 3:50 Kansas Regulation (Core Hour) – Kansas Dept. of Ag 4:45 Questions/AdjournCommercial Applicators will earn 1 Core Hour &amp; 7 Hours for 1A, certified by the Kansas Department of Agriculture. Certified Crop Advisors (CCA) will also earn 8 Pest Management Credits. These schools would also be an excellent educational opportunity for producers.The cost to participate is $50 if registered by November 11; after that date, the fee is $75. To register, go to https://www.wkrec.org/events/crop-pest-management-school.html. You can also scan the QR code below. If you register at the door, cash and checks will be accepted. We are unable to accept credit/debit cards at the door. If inclement weather occurs, the program will be held at a later date in an online format.For questions, please contact Jeanne Falk-Jones, Multi-County Agronomist, at 785-462-6281 or Sandra Wick, Post Rock District Crop Production Agent, at 785-282-6823.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: 2024 K-State crop pest management schools set for Nov. 19-20

The Kansas Department of Transportation announces approved bids for state highway construction and maintenance projects. The letting took place Oct. 16, 2024, in Topeka. Some of the bids may include multiple projects that have been bundled based on proximity and type of work.

Atchison ‑&nbsp;73‑3 KA‑7473‑01 – U.S. 73, from the east city limits of Lancaster north to the Atchison/Brown county line, milling and overlay, 6.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,472,981.04.

Atchison ‑&nbsp;73‑3 KA‑3890‑01 – U.S. 73, bridge #016 located 0.52 mile south of the U.S. 73/U.S. 59 junction, bridge removal, Julius Kaaz Construction Co. Inc., Leavenworth, Kansas, $878,007.00.

Brown ‑&nbsp;73‑7 KA‑7474‑01 – U.S. 73, from the Atchison/Brown county line west to the east city limits of Horton, milling and overlay, 8.4 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,825,026.88.

Douglas ‑&nbsp;24‑23 KA‑7512‑01 – U.S. 24, from the Jefferson/Douglas county line east to the Douglas/Leavenworth county line, milling and overlay, 6.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,589,811.20.

Jackson ‑&nbsp;75‑43 KA‑7516‑01 – U.S. 75, from the Shawnee/Jackson county line north to 158th Road, milling and overlay, 8.0 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $6,509,385.16.

Jefferson ‑&nbsp;24‑44 KA‑7510‑01 – U.S. 24, from the Elm Street/U.S. 24 junction in the city of Perry east to the Jefferson/Douglas county line, milling and overlay, 7.7 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,950,850.25.

Jefferson ‑&nbsp;92‑44 KA‑7514‑01 – K‑92, from the K‑92/K‑4 junction east to the west city limits of Oskaloosa, milling and overlay, 12.0 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,718,791.78.

Jefferson ‑&nbsp;59‑44 KA‑7513‑01 – U.S. 59, from the U.S. 24/U.S. 59 junction, north to the south city limits of Oskaloosa, milling and overlay, 10.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,188,785.75

Jefferson ‑&nbsp;159‑44 KA‑7475‑01 – U.S. 159, from the K‑4/U.S. 159 junction north to the Jefferson/Atchison county line, milling and overlay, 0.7 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $319,864.00.

Riley ‑&nbsp;24‑81 KA‑5565‑01 – U.S. 24, junction U.S. 24/K‑13 in Riley County, roundabout, Ebert Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiary, Wamego, Kansas, $4,888,945.45.

Riley ‑&nbsp;24‑81 KA‑5564‑01 – U.S. 24, junction U.S. 24/K‑113 in Riley County, roundabout, Ebert Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiary, Wamego, Kansas, $3,649,412.86.

Shawnee ‑&nbsp;40‑89 KA‑7504‑01 – U.S. 40, from the K‑4 westbound offramp east to 0.63 mile west of Tecumseh Road, milling and overlay, 0.5 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $500,578.44.

Shawnee ‑&nbsp;70‑89 KA‑1266‑04 – I‑70 Polk/Quincy Viaduct and approach Roadway in Topeka (west phase), from 0.2 mile east of I‑70/MacVicar Avenue east and south to 0.1 mile south of I‑70/4th Street, grading, bridge and surfacing, 2.4 miles, Bettis Koss Construction Joint Venture, Topeka, Kansas, $239,178,617.48.

Shawnee ‑&nbsp;75‑89 KA‑7515‑01 – U.S. 75, from 0.4 mile south of the 62nd Street/U.S. 75 intersection north to the Shawnee/Jackson county line, milling and overlay, 4.5 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $3,575,974.08.

Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;70‑105 KA‑6768‑01 – I‑70, bridge #027 over the railroad yard/Kansas River located at the Central Avenue/I‑70 east junction, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $1,462,492.53.

Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;670‑105 KA‑6748‑01 – I‑670, bridge #244 located 1.06 miles east of Mill Street, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $3,997,489.16.

Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;670‑105 KA‑6745‑01 – I‑670, bridge #243 located 1.06 miles east of Mill Street, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $3,817,702.88.

Ottawa ‑&nbsp;106‑72 KA‑7489‑01 – K‑106, from the east city limits of Minneapolis east to State Park, surface recycle, 1.5 miles, Dustrol Inc., Towanda, Kansas, $946,547.20.

Ottawa ‑&nbsp;106‑72 KA‑6725‑01 – K‑106, bridge #045 over the Solomon River located 7.66 miles north of K‑18, bridge repair, Wildcat Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiaries, Wichita, Kansas, $735,403.60.

Ottawa ‑&nbsp;72 C‑5223‑01 – County bridge, over Pipe Creek located 0.03 mile west of Minneapolis, bridge replacement, 0.2 mile, Reece Construction Company, Inc., Salina, Kansas, $1,119,686.64.

Osborne ‑&nbsp;281‑71 KA‑7480‑01 – U.S. 281, from the south city limits of Portis (State Street) north to the Smith/Osborne county line, milling and overlay, 0.7 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $241,109.22.

Osborne ‑&nbsp;24‑71 KA‑7476‑01 – U.S. 24, from the north end of the Portland Cement Concrete Pavement at Osborne northeast to the U.S. 281/U.S. 24 north junction; U.S. 24, from the U.S. 281/U.S. 24 north junction east to the 2-lane/4-lane west of Downs; U.S. 24, from the 2 lane/4 lane west of Downs east to the Osborne/Mitchell county line, ultra-thin bonded asphalt surfacing, 14.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,436,686.53.

Osborne ‑&nbsp;71 C‑5233‑01 – County bridge, over tributary to Covert Creek located 1.0 mile south and 0.7 mile west of Covert, bridge replacement, 0.2 mile, Reece Construction Company, Inc., Salina, Kansas, $456,638.86.

Thomas ‑&nbsp;70‑97 KA‑7445‑01 – I‑70, from just east of County Road K southeast 11.96 miles to the Thomas/Logan county line, milling and overlay, 12.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $9,009,553.76.

Bourbon ‑&nbsp;69‑6 KA‑6967‑01 – U.S. 69, bridge #009 over U.S. 54 located at the U.S. 54/U.S. 69 south junction in Fort Scott, bridge repair, PCI Roads, LLC, Saint Michael, Minnesota, $1,552,793.79.

Cherokee ‑&nbsp;11 TE‑0510‑01 – West Maple Street, from Sunset Avenue to High School Avenue and East Sycamore Street from U.S. 69 to 7th Avenue in Columbus, pedestrian and bicycle paths, 0.8 mile, Heck &amp; Wicker Inc., Parsons, Kansas, $355,559.20.

Coffey ‑&nbsp;75‑16 KA‑7486‑01 – U.S. 75, from 0.06 mile north of the K‑58/U.S. 75 north junction north to 0.31 mile north of the south city limits of Burlington, sealing, 8.0 miles, Vance Brothers Inc. And Subsidiary, Kansas City, Missouri, $318,180.00.

Elk ‑&nbsp;160‑25 KA‑6969‑01 – U.S. 160, bridge #008 over the Elk River located 5.86 miles east of the U.S. 160/K‑99 east junction, bridge repair, B &amp; B Bridge Company LLC, St. Paul, Kansas, $1,177,742.55.

Franklin ‑&nbsp;169‑30 KA‑7482‑01 – U.S. 169, from the Anderson/Franklin county line north to the Franklin/Miami county line, milling and overlay, 2.4 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $407,791.83.

Miami ‑&nbsp;169‑61 KA‑7483‑01 – U.S. 169, from the Franklin/Miami county line north to 0.77 mile south of the K‑7/U.S. 169 south junction, milling and overlay, 6.5 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,131,034.70.

Montgomery ‑&nbsp;166‑63 KA‑6466‑01 – U.S. 166, six locations beginning 0.21 mile east of 1900 Road east to 0.47 mile east of County Road 3950, guard fence, 11.0 miles, Klaver Construction Company Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,394,407.21.

Montgomery ‑&nbsp;63 C‑5226‑01 – County bridge, over Pumpkin Creek located 1.5 miles east of Coffeyville, bridge replacement, 0.3 mile, Bridges Inc., Newton, Kansas, $1,774,971.60.

Woodson ‑&nbsp;75‑104 KA‑7487‑01 – U.S. 75, from the Wilson/Woodson county line north to the south city limits of Yates Center, sealing, 10.7 miles, Circle C Paving And Construction LLC, Goddard, Kansas, $710,273.18.

Cowley ‑&nbsp;18 TE‑0471‑01 – Paris Park Pool to West Lincoln Avenue to Cowley Sports Complex in Arkansas City, pedestrian and bicycle paths, 1.6 miles, Prado Construction LLC, Valley Center, Kansas, $1,345,884.20

Harper ‑&nbsp;2‑39 KA‑7396‑01 – K‑2 from the south end of bridge #033 northeast to the Harper/Kingman county line, milling and overlay, 10.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,622,381.93.

Kingman ‑&nbsp;42‑48 KA‑7395‑01 – K‑42, from the K‑14/K‑42 junction east to the Sumner/Kingman county line, overlay, 15.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,917,319.60.

Kingman ‑&nbsp;2‑48 KA‑7397‑01 – K‑2, from the Harper/Kingman county line northeast to the Kingman/Sumner county line, milling and overlay, 5.6 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $785,096.50.

Pawnee ‑&nbsp;183‑73 KA‑7380‑01 – U.S. 183, from the U.S. 183/K‑56 junction north to the U.S. 183/K‑156 junction, milling and overlay, 12.3 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,269,583.80.

Reno ‑&nbsp;78 C‑5229‑01 – County bridge, over Little Arkansas River located 0.5 mile east and 2.0 miles south of Buhler, bridge replacement, 0.1 mile, King Construction Company Inc. &amp; Subsidiaries, Hesston, Kansas, $738,711.49.

Rush ‑&nbsp;96‑83 KA‑7488‑01 – K‑96, from the Ness/Rush county line east to the U.S. 183/K‑96 junction, milling and overlay, 15.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,777,443.64.

Sedgwick ‑&nbsp;49‑87 KA‑7379‑01 – K‑49, from the Sumner/Sedgwick county line north to the K‑49/K‑42 junction, milling and overlay, 1.0 mile, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $188,073.34.

Sumner ‑&nbsp;49‑96 KA‑7378‑01 – K‑49, from the K‑49/U.S. 160 junction north to the Sumner/Sedgwick county line, milling and overlay, 14.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,028,883.75.

Sumner ‑&nbsp;81‑96 KA‑5768‑01 – U.S. 81, bridge #047 over Spring Creek located 4.84 miles north of U.S. 166, bridge replacement, Dondlinger &amp; Sons Construction Co Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,363,991.30

Sumner ‑&nbsp;42‑96 KA‑7394‑01 – K‑42, from the Sumner/Kingman county line east to the K‑42/K‑2 junction, overlay, 1.0 mile, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $133,330.80

Sumner ‑&nbsp;2‑96 KA‑7398‑01 – K‑2, from the Harper/Kingman county line northeast to the Kingman/Sumner county line, milling and overlay, 1.4 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $228,936.55.

Grant ‑&nbsp;25‑34 KA‑7499‑01 – K‑25, from the Grant/Stevens county line north to the south city limits of Ulysses, milling and overlay, 13.4 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,303,462.00.

Haskell ‑&nbsp;83‑41 KA‑7500‑01 – U.S. 83, from the Haskell/Seward county line north to the U.S. 56/U.S. 83 junction, milling and overlay, 6.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,052,824.11.

Haskell ‑&nbsp;83‑41 KA‑1008‑02 – U.S. 83, from 0.19 mile north of the U.S. 83/U.S. 56 junction north to 1.75 mile south of the U.S. 83/U.S. 160 junction, grading and surfacing, 4.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $15,545,585.53.

Meade ‑&nbsp;54‑60 KA‑7558‑01 – U.S. 54, from the Meade/Seward county line east 0.103 mile, milling and overlay, 0.1 mile, J &amp; R Sand Company Inc., Liberal, Kansas, $42,251.40.

Stevens ‑&nbsp;56‑95 KA‑7497‑01 – U.S. 56, from the U.S. 56/K‑51 junction east&nbsp;to the K‑25/U.S. 56 east junction, milling and overlay, 2.2 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,078,907.00.

Stevens ‑&nbsp;25‑95 KA‑7498‑01 – K‑25, from the U.S. 56/K‑25 east junction north to the Grant/Stevens county line, milling and overlay, 13.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,772,246.50.

The following projects were approved from the Sept. 18, 2024, letting.

Chase ‑&nbsp;9 TE‑0533‑01 ‑ Cottonwood Street, from 4th Street to U.S. 50 in Strong City, landscaping and beautification, 0.3 mile, Killough Construction, Inc., Ottawa, Kansas, $872,916.56.

Geary ‑&nbsp;31 C‑5231‑01 – County road, bridge over Tributary of Republican River located 3.0 miles north and 1.0 mile west of Junction City, bridge replacement, Bayer Construction Co. Inc., Manhattan, Kansas, $536,461.18.

Butler ‑&nbsp;54‑8 TE‑0508‑01 ‑ Along the old BNSF Railway grade/Redbud Trail rail corridor over U.S. 54 in Augusta, pedestrian and bicycle paths, Dondlinger &amp; Sons Construction Co. Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,533,312.95.

Sedgwick ‑&nbsp;15‑87 N‑0727‑01 ‑ Nelson Drive, between Patriot and just south of Red Powell in Derby, grading and surfacing, 0.6 mile, Pearson Construction LLC, Wichita, Kansas, $7,318,642.00.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2024/8/1724428131694.png" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>KDOTThe Kansas Department of Transportation announces approved bids for state highway construction and maintenance projects. The letting took place Oct. 16, 2024, in Topeka. Some of the bids may include multiple projects that have been bundled based on proximity and type of work.District One — NortheastAtchison ‑&nbsp;73‑3 KA‑7473‑01 – U.S. 73, from the east city limits of Lancaster north to the Atchison/Brown county line, milling and overlay, 6.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,472,981.04.Atchison ‑&nbsp;73‑3 KA‑3890‑01 – U.S. 73, bridge #016 located 0.52 mile south of the U.S. 73/U.S. 59 junction, bridge removal, Julius Kaaz Construction Co. Inc., Leavenworth, Kansas, $878,007.00.Brown ‑&nbsp;73‑7 KA‑7474‑01 – U.S. 73, from the Atchison/Brown county line west to the east city limits of Horton, milling and overlay, 8.4 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,825,026.88.Douglas ‑&nbsp;24‑23 KA‑7512‑01 – U.S. 24, from the Jefferson/Douglas county line east to the Douglas/Leavenworth county line, milling and overlay, 6.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,589,811.20.Jackson ‑&nbsp;75‑43 KA‑7516‑01 – U.S. 75, from the Shawnee/Jackson county line north to 158th Road, milling and overlay, 8.0 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $6,509,385.16.Jefferson ‑&nbsp;24‑44 KA‑7510‑01 – U.S. 24, from the Elm Street/U.S. 24 junction in the city of Perry east to the Jefferson/Douglas county line, milling and overlay, 7.7 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,950,850.25.Jefferson ‑&nbsp;92‑44 KA‑7514‑01 – K‑92, from the K‑92/K‑4 junction east to the west city limits of Oskaloosa, milling and overlay, 12.0 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,718,791.78.Jefferson ‑&nbsp;59‑44 KA‑7513‑01 – U.S. 59, from the U.S. 24/U.S. 59 junction, north to the south city limits of Oskaloosa, milling and overlay, 10.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,188,785.75Jefferson ‑&nbsp;159‑44 KA‑7475‑01 – U.S. 159, from the K‑4/U.S. 159 junction north to the Jefferson/Atchison county line, milling and overlay, 0.7 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $319,864.00.Riley ‑&nbsp;24‑81 KA‑5565‑01 – U.S. 24, junction U.S. 24/K‑13 in Riley County, roundabout, Ebert Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiary, Wamego, Kansas, $4,888,945.45.Riley ‑&nbsp;24‑81 KA‑5564‑01 – U.S. 24, junction U.S. 24/K‑113 in Riley County, roundabout, Ebert Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiary, Wamego, Kansas, $3,649,412.86.Shawnee ‑&nbsp;40‑89 KA‑7504‑01 – U.S. 40, from the K‑4 westbound offramp east to 0.63 mile west of Tecumseh Road, milling and overlay, 0.5 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $500,578.44.Shawnee ‑&nbsp;70‑89 KA‑1266‑04 – I‑70 Polk/Quincy Viaduct and approach Roadway in Topeka (west phase), from 0.2 mile east of I‑70/MacVicar Avenue east and south to 0.1 mile south of I‑70/4th Street, grading, bridge and surfacing, 2.4 miles, Bettis Koss Construction Joint Venture, Topeka, Kansas, $239,178,617.48.Shawnee ‑&nbsp;75‑89 KA‑7515‑01 – U.S. 75, from 0.4 mile south of the 62nd Street/U.S. 75 intersection north to the Shawnee/Jackson county line, milling and overlay, 4.5 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $3,575,974.08.Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;70‑105 KA‑6768‑01 – I‑70, bridge #027 over the railroad yard/Kansas River located at the Central Avenue/I‑70 east junction, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $1,462,492.53.Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;670‑105 KA‑6748‑01 – I‑670, bridge #244 located 1.06 miles east of Mill Street, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $3,997,489.16.Wyandotte ‑&nbsp;670‑105 KA‑6745‑01 – I‑670, bridge #243 located 1.06 miles east of Mill Street, bridge repair, Clarkson Construction Company, Kansas City, Missouri, $3,817,702.88.District Two — North CentralOttawa ‑&nbsp;106‑72 KA‑7489‑01 – K‑106, from the east city limits of Minneapolis east to State Park, surface recycle, 1.5 miles, Dustrol Inc., Towanda, Kansas, $946,547.20.Ottawa ‑&nbsp;106‑72 KA‑6725‑01 – K‑106, bridge #045 over the Solomon River located 7.66 miles north of K‑18, bridge repair, Wildcat Construction Co. Inc. &amp; Subsidiaries, Wichita, Kansas, $735,403.60.Ottawa ‑&nbsp;72 C‑5223‑01 – County bridge, over Pipe Creek located 0.03 mile west of Minneapolis, bridge replacement, 0.2 mile, Reece Construction Company, Inc., Salina, Kansas, $1,119,686.64.District Three — NorthwestOsborne ‑&nbsp;281‑71 KA‑7480‑01 – U.S. 281, from the south city limits of Portis (State Street) north to the Smith/Osborne county line, milling and overlay, 0.7 mile, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $241,109.22.Osborne ‑&nbsp;24‑71 KA‑7476‑01 – U.S. 24, from the north end of the Portland Cement Concrete Pavement at Osborne northeast to the U.S. 281/U.S. 24 north junction; U.S. 24, from the U.S. 281/U.S. 24 north junction east to the 2-lane/4-lane west of Downs; U.S. 24, from the 2 lane/4 lane west of Downs east to the Osborne/Mitchell county line, ultra-thin bonded asphalt surfacing, 14.6 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $2,436,686.53.Osborne ‑&nbsp;71 C‑5233‑01 – County bridge, over tributary to Covert Creek located 1.0 mile south and 0.7 mile west of Covert, bridge replacement, 0.2 mile, Reece Construction Company, Inc., Salina, Kansas, $456,638.86.Thomas ‑&nbsp;70‑97 KA‑7445‑01 – I‑70, from just east of County Road K southeast 11.96 miles to the Thomas/Logan county line, milling and overlay, 12.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $9,009,553.76.District Four — SoutheastBourbon ‑&nbsp;69‑6 KA‑6967‑01 – U.S. 69, bridge #009 over U.S. 54 located at the U.S. 54/U.S. 69 south junction in Fort Scott, bridge repair, PCI Roads, LLC, Saint Michael, Minnesota, $1,552,793.79.Cherokee ‑&nbsp;11 TE‑0510‑01 – West Maple Street, from Sunset Avenue to High School Avenue and East Sycamore Street from U.S. 69 to 7th Avenue in Columbus, pedestrian and bicycle paths, 0.8 mile, Heck &amp; Wicker Inc., Parsons, Kansas, $355,559.20.Coffey ‑&nbsp;75‑16 KA‑7486‑01 – U.S. 75, from 0.06 mile north of the K‑58/U.S. 75 north junction north to 0.31 mile north of the south city limits of Burlington, sealing, 8.0 miles, Vance Brothers Inc. And Subsidiary, Kansas City, Missouri, $318,180.00.Elk ‑&nbsp;160‑25 KA‑6969‑01 – U.S. 160, bridge #008 over the Elk River located 5.86 miles east of the U.S. 160/K‑99 east junction, bridge repair, B &amp; B Bridge Company LLC, St. Paul, Kansas, $1,177,742.55.Franklin ‑&nbsp;169‑30 KA‑7482‑01 – U.S. 169, from the Anderson/Franklin county line north to the Franklin/Miami county line, milling and overlay, 2.4 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $407,791.83.Miami ‑&nbsp;169‑61 KA‑7483‑01 – U.S. 169, from the Franklin/Miami county line north to 0.77 mile south of the K‑7/U.S. 169 south junction, milling and overlay, 6.5 miles, Bettis Asphalt &amp; Construction Inc., Topeka, Kansas, $1,131,034.70.Montgomery ‑&nbsp;166‑63 KA‑6466‑01 – U.S. 166, six locations beginning 0.21 mile east of 1900 Road east to 0.47 mile east of County Road 3950, guard fence, 11.0 miles, Klaver Construction Company Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,394,407.21.Montgomery ‑&nbsp;63 C‑5226‑01 – County bridge, over Pumpkin Creek located 1.5 miles east of Coffeyville, bridge replacement, 0.3 mile, Bridges Inc., Newton, Kansas, $1,774,971.60.Woodson ‑&nbsp;75‑104 KA‑7487‑01 – U.S. 75, from the Wilson/Woodson county line north to the south city limits of Yates Center, sealing, 10.7 miles, Circle C Paving And Construction LLC, Goddard, Kansas, $710,273.18.District Five — South CentralCowley ‑&nbsp;18 TE‑0471‑01 – Paris Park Pool to West Lincoln Avenue to Cowley Sports Complex in Arkansas City, pedestrian and bicycle paths, 1.6 miles, Prado Construction LLC, Valley Center, Kansas, $1,345,884.20Harper ‑&nbsp;2‑39 KA‑7396‑01 – K‑2 from the south end of bridge #033 northeast to the Harper/Kingman county line, milling and overlay, 10.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,622,381.93.Kingman ‑&nbsp;42‑48 KA‑7395‑01 – K‑42, from the K‑14/K‑42 junction east to the Sumner/Kingman county line, overlay, 15.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,917,319.60.Kingman ‑&nbsp;2‑48 KA‑7397‑01 – K‑2, from the Harper/Kingman county line northeast to the Kingman/Sumner county line, milling and overlay, 5.6 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $785,096.50.Pawnee ‑&nbsp;183‑73 KA‑7380‑01 – U.S. 183, from the U.S. 183/K‑56 junction north to the U.S. 183/K‑156 junction, milling and overlay, 12.3 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,269,583.80.Reno ‑&nbsp;78 C‑5229‑01 – County bridge, over Little Arkansas River located 0.5 mile east and 2.0 miles south of Buhler, bridge replacement, 0.1 mile, King Construction Company Inc. &amp; Subsidiaries, Hesston, Kansas, $738,711.49.Rush ‑&nbsp;96‑83 KA‑7488‑01 – K‑96, from the Ness/Rush county line east to the U.S. 183/K‑96 junction, milling and overlay, 15.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,777,443.64.Sedgwick ‑&nbsp;49‑87 KA‑7379‑01 – K‑49, from the Sumner/Sedgwick county line north to the K‑49/K‑42 junction, milling and overlay, 1.0 mile, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $188,073.34.Sumner ‑&nbsp;49‑96 KA‑7378‑01 – K‑49, from the K‑49/U.S. 160 junction north to the Sumner/Sedgwick county line, milling and overlay, 14.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,028,883.75.Sumner ‑&nbsp;81‑96 KA‑5768‑01 – U.S. 81, bridge #047 over Spring Creek located 4.84 miles north of U.S. 166, bridge replacement, Dondlinger &amp; Sons Construction Co Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,363,991.30Sumner ‑&nbsp;42‑96 KA‑7394‑01 – K‑42, from the Sumner/Kingman county line east to the K‑42/K‑2 junction, overlay, 1.0 mile, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $133,330.80Sumner ‑&nbsp;2‑96 KA‑7398‑01 – K‑2, from the Harper/Kingman county line northeast to the Kingman/Sumner county line, milling and overlay, 1.4 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $228,936.55.District Six — SouthwestGrant ‑&nbsp;25‑34 KA‑7499‑01 – K‑25, from the Grant/Stevens county line north to the south city limits of Ulysses, milling and overlay, 13.4 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,303,462.00.Haskell ‑&nbsp;83‑41 KA‑7500‑01 – U.S. 83, from the Haskell/Seward county line north to the U.S. 56/U.S. 83 junction, milling and overlay, 6.0 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,052,824.11.Haskell ‑&nbsp;83‑41 KA‑1008‑02 – U.S. 83, from 0.19 mile north of the U.S. 83/U.S. 56 junction north to 1.75 mile south of the U.S. 83/U.S. 160 junction, grading and surfacing, 4.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $15,545,585.53.Meade ‑&nbsp;54‑60 KA‑7558‑01 – U.S. 54, from the Meade/Seward county line east 0.103 mile, milling and overlay, 0.1 mile, J &amp; R Sand Company Inc., Liberal, Kansas, $42,251.40.Stevens ‑&nbsp;56‑95 KA‑7497‑01 – U.S. 56, from the U.S. 56/K‑51 junction east&nbsp;to the K‑25/U.S. 56 east junction, milling and overlay, 2.2 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $1,078,907.00.Stevens ‑&nbsp;25‑95 KA‑7498‑01 – K‑25, from the U.S. 56/K‑25 east junction north to the Grant/Stevens county line, milling and overlay, 13.1 miles, Venture Corporation, Great Bend, Kansas, $2,772,246.50.The following projects were approved from the Sept. 18, 2024, letting.Chase ‑&nbsp;9 TE‑0533‑01 ‑ Cottonwood Street, from 4th Street to U.S. 50 in Strong City, landscaping and beautification, 0.3 mile, Killough Construction, Inc., Ottawa, Kansas, $872,916.56.Geary ‑&nbsp;31 C‑5231‑01 – County road, bridge over Tributary of Republican River located 3.0 miles north and 1.0 mile west of Junction City, bridge replacement, Bayer Construction Co. Inc., Manhattan, Kansas, $536,461.18.Butler ‑&nbsp;54‑8 TE‑0508‑01 ‑ Along the old BNSF Railway grade/Redbud Trail rail corridor over U.S. 54 in Augusta, pedestrian and bicycle paths, Dondlinger &amp; Sons Construction Co. Inc., Wichita, Kansas, $1,533,312.95.Sedgwick ‑&nbsp;15‑87 N‑0727‑01 ‑ Nelson Drive, between Patriot and just south of Red Powell in Derby, grading and surfacing, 0.6 mile, Pearson Construction LLC, Wichita, Kansas, $7,318,642.00.

KDOT announces approved October bids

Make plans to attend the Central Kansas Beef Summit on Tuesday, November 19th, 2024, from 9:00 am – 3:15 pm. The event will be highlighted by a presentation on managing cold stress in livestock and calving preparedness. This presentation is given by KSU Beef Extension Veterinarian AJ Tarpoff.

In addition to Dr. Tarpoff, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s breakout topics will cover fence law &amp; leases, livestock risk protection insurance, strategies for managing woody encroachment, trees and brush, and feed testing techniques.

The day will conclude with a presentation by the staff at the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Services.

The summit will be held at the Ellsworth Health &amp; Recreation Center located at 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth KS 67439. This program will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to also take part in conversation with one another.  

Make sure to RSVP by November 12th to reserve a meal. The cost to attend is $10 or late registration will be $15 at the door.

For more information on the event, or to register, please call Livestock Production Agent Clint Laflin at 785-483-3157 or send him an email at cllaflin@ksu.edu. This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Midway, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley, Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock. We look forward to you joining us!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictMake plans to attend the Central Kansas Beef Summit on Tuesday, November 19th, 2024, from 9:00 am – 3:15 pm. The event will be highlighted by a presentation on managing cold stress in livestock and calving preparedness. This presentation is given by KSU Beef Extension Veterinarian AJ Tarpoff.In addition to Dr. Tarpoff, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s breakout topics will cover fence law &amp; leases, livestock risk protection insurance, strategies for managing woody encroachment, trees and brush, and feed testing techniques.The day will conclude with a presentation by the staff at the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Services.The summit will be held at the Ellsworth Health &amp; Recreation Center located at 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth KS 67439. This program will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to also take part in conversation with one another.  Make sure to RSVP by November 12th to reserve a meal. The cost to attend is $10 or late registration will be $15 at the door.For more information on the event, or to register, please call Livestock Production Agent Clint Laflin at 785-483-3157 or send him an email at cllaflin@ksu.edu. This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Midway, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley, Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock. We look forward to you joining us!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Central Kanas Beef Summit Program to be hosted in Ellsworth

Health numbers can tell us a lot about the condition of our bodies, and one that many of us pay close attention to is cholesterol. However, it can be tricky to understand what cholesterol numbers mean and how to keep them in check.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood lipids, and it's an essential component the body uses to build and maintain healthy cells and hormones. While cholesterol is important for good health, it’s a measurement that many of us struggle to control. This is because cholesterol can take on two forms that impact the body differently.

One form is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) which is known as “bad” cholesterol. The other form, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is “good” cholesterol.

Too much LDL creates plaque that can accumulate and clog the arteries causing heart disease and stroke. On the other hand, HDL is good because it helps clean artery walls and carry away excess LDL. This is why it’s smart to keep LDL cholesterol under 100 and HDL at 60 or above. Together, the total amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood should be under 200. This is known as “total cholesterol.”

High cholesterol has no symptoms and many people are unaware of their risk. However, factors that can increase the risk of developing high cholesterol such as diet and physical activity are modifiable.

For instance, about 25% of cholesterol comes from foods such as meat, fish, and dairy while the rest is made by the human body. This is how a person’s diet can influence the type of cholesterol in one’s body. Eating a diet rich in unsaturated fats including omega-3 fatty acids promotes the production of HDL. Sources like avocado, walnuts, and olive oil can help. Also, adding soluble fiber can help to remove

LDL, and reducing red meat and full-fat dairy products can lower the amount of LDL introduced to the body.

Along with good nutrition, adequate physical activity improves total cholesterol. Cardiovascular exercises like swimming and running work to reduce bad cholesterol by increasing HDL. Resistance training also plays a part in enhancing the benefits of cardio. Including weights, resistance bands, and bodyweight movements in your routine can make an impact.

Of course, not all risk factors are controllable. For example, age, family history, and gender can play a part. However, lifestyle factors like a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management help to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. So, do your part to take control of cholesterol; you might just realize how much better you feel.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictHealth numbers can tell us a lot about the condition of our bodies, and one that many of us pay close attention to is cholesterol. However, it can be tricky to understand what cholesterol numbers mean and how to keep them in check.Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood lipids, and it's an essential component the body uses to build and maintain healthy cells and hormones. While cholesterol is important for good health, it’s a measurement that many of us struggle to control. This is because cholesterol can take on two forms that impact the body differently.One form is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) which is known as “bad” cholesterol. The other form, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is “good” cholesterol.Too much LDL creates plaque that can accumulate and clog the arteries causing heart disease and stroke. On the other hand, HDL is good because it helps clean artery walls and carry away excess LDL. This is why it’s smart to keep LDL cholesterol under 100 and HDL at 60 or above. Together, the total amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood should be under 200. This is known as “total cholesterol.”High cholesterol has no symptoms and many people are unaware of their risk. However, factors that can increase the risk of developing high cholesterol such as diet and physical activity are modifiable.For instance, about 25% of cholesterol comes from foods such as meat, fish, and dairy while the rest is made by the human body. This is how a person’s diet can influence the type of cholesterol in one’s body. Eating a diet rich in unsaturated fats including omega-3 fatty acids promotes the production of HDL. Sources like avocado, walnuts, and olive oil can help. Also, adding soluble fiber can help to removeLDL, and reducing red meat and full-fat dairy products can lower the amount of LDL introduced to the body.Along with good nutrition, adequate physical activity improves total cholesterol. Cardiovascular exercises like swimming and running work to reduce bad cholesterol by increasing HDL. Resistance training also plays a part in enhancing the benefits of cardio. Including weights, resistance bands, and bodyweight movements in your routine can make an impact.Of course, not all risk factors are controllable. For example, age, family history, and gender can play a part. However, lifestyle factors like a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management help to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. So, do your part to take control of cholesterol; you might just realize how much better you feel.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Take control of cholesterol

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), sometimes called wild cane or black amber, is the same species as our domesticated sorghums. Some authorities give it the subspecies name drummondii to distinguish it from our cultivated varieties, though the taxonomy of this genus is often debated. What is certain, though, is that shattercane easily cross-pollinates with cultivated sorghums via insects and wind-dispersed pollen and also cross-pollinates with its weedy relative johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense).

Ecology - A native of Africa, this species is now widespread in areas of the world where domesticated grain or forage sorghums are grown. It is possible that sorghum arrived in the U.S. as early as the 1600s, but reliable records indicate that several documented introductions occurred in the early 1800s. Shattercane can be utilized by livestock as a forage, but it can accumulate toxic nitrates and prussic acid under certain conditions. Undigested seeds can be spread in manure applied to fields. Shattercane seeds can also be buoyant, allowing for dispersal in moving water. Birds and small mammals utilize its seeds. Shattercane is a host species for disease and insect pests of sorghum and corn. Yield losses from shattercane interference can be as high as 70% in corn and greater than 95% in soybeans.

Identification- shattercane is a warm-season plant growing up to 12 feet tall. The plant is quite variable in growth habits and tolerant of both heat and drought. The stems are unbranched, but the plant tillers at the base to form clumps. The leaves are generally smooth and display a prominent midrib. They can be up to 20 inches long and 2 inches wide. It has a short membranous ligule with a fringe of hairs at the top. The inflorescence is typically a loose panicle with several pendulous (drooping) racemes (branches). Seeds are dark brown and typically covered with deep purple to black chaff. The panicles, which can number from one to six per plant, produce between 500 and 1500 seeds each. A special layer of abscission cells at the base of the seeds allows them to easily dislodge (shatter) at maturity, giving the plant its common name. Management -to see the detailed herbicide management practices for shattercane control in soybean, sunflower, corn, grain and forage sorghum. Go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and see the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

To prevent the spread of shattercane seeds by harvesting infested fields last (where possible), thoroughly cleaning harvest equipment before moving to a new field, and controlling shattercane in ditches and roadways. These cultural control methods are good integrated weed management practices regardless of which crop is being grown.

Information provided by Sarah Lancaster and Patrick Geier, K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictShattercane (Sorghum bicolor), sometimes called wild cane or black amber, is the same species as our domesticated sorghums. Some authorities give it the subspecies name drummondii to distinguish it from our cultivated varieties, though the taxonomy of this genus is often debated. What is certain, though, is that shattercane easily cross-pollinates with cultivated sorghums via insects and wind-dispersed pollen and also cross-pollinates with its weedy relative johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense).Ecology - A native of Africa, this species is now widespread in areas of the world where domesticated grain or forage sorghums are grown. It is possible that sorghum arrived in the U.S. as early as the 1600s, but reliable records indicate that several documented introductions occurred in the early 1800s. Shattercane can be utilized by livestock as a forage, but it can accumulate toxic nitrates and prussic acid under certain conditions. Undigested seeds can be spread in manure applied to fields. Shattercane seeds can also be buoyant, allowing for dispersal in moving water. Birds and small mammals utilize its seeds. Shattercane is a host species for disease and insect pests of sorghum and corn. Yield losses from shattercane interference can be as high as 70% in corn and greater than 95% in soybeans.Identification- shattercane is a warm-season plant growing up to 12 feet tall. The plant is quite variable in growth habits and tolerant of both heat and drought. The stems are unbranched, but the plant tillers at the base to form clumps. The leaves are generally smooth and display a prominent midrib. They can be up to 20 inches long and 2 inches wide. It has a short membranous ligule with a fringe of hairs at the top. The inflorescence is typically a loose panicle with several pendulous (drooping) racemes (branches). Seeds are dark brown and typically covered with deep purple to black chaff. The panicles, which can number from one to six per plant, produce between 500 and 1500 seeds each. A special layer of abscission cells at the base of the seeds allows them to easily dislodge (shatter) at maturity, giving the plant its common name. Management -to see the detailed herbicide management practices for shattercane control in soybean, sunflower, corn, grain and forage sorghum. Go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and see the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.To prevent the spread of shattercane seeds by harvesting infested fields last (where possible), thoroughly cleaning harvest equipment before moving to a new field, and controlling shattercane in ditches and roadways. These cultural control methods are good integrated weed management practices regardless of which crop is being grown.Information provided by Sarah Lancaster and Patrick Geier, K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Shattercane weed

October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and every year pink ribbons intertwine throughout the media. These small symbols represent the big issue of breast cancer and those affected by the disease. And there’s good reason to raise awareness as breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the U.S. In fact, one in eight women will have breast cancer at some point. In Kansas, it’s the top diagnosed invasive cancer.

The statistics are high. What would you do if you knew your chances of developing breast cancer were increased?

Your lifestyle can play a large role in overall health, and specifically, there are ways to take action to reduce your risk of breast cancer:

· Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight in the upper body is shown to increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.

· Breastfeed. It’s not always possible for moms to breastfeed, but for those who can, it can offer some protection against cancer.

· Minimize post-menopausal hormone treatment. Follow the advice of your healthcare provider, but understand the risks of hormone replacement therapy.

· Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Good nutrition protects against cancer at the cellular level. Look for antioxidant-rich foods like berries, spinach, walnuts, and green tea.

· Get enough physical activity. Studies show that women who exercise four or more hours per week have a lower risk of breast cancer than less active women.

Like all diseases, some risk factors, such as genetic makeup and family history, are uncontrollable. In this case, embracing a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk is especially important. Along with this, regular breast exams can be lifesaving. In fact, women aged 45-54 should get a mammogram every year.

Unfortunately, breast cancer is common, and you likely know someone who has been diagnosed with the disease. But with advances in research and early detection, there are more survivors of breast cancer every year.

So, continue to spread awareness and proudly wear pink. Support those who battle breast cancer, and encourage healthy behaviors to reduce your risk. With conscious efforts, together we can help to make breast cancer less common in years to come.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictOctober is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and every year pink ribbons intertwine throughout the media. These small symbols represent the big issue of breast cancer and those affected by the disease. And there’s good reason to raise awareness as breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the U.S. In fact, one in eight women will have breast cancer at some point. In Kansas, it’s the top diagnosed invasive cancer.The statistics are high. What would you do if you knew your chances of developing breast cancer were increased?Your lifestyle can play a large role in overall health, and specifically, there are ways to take action to reduce your risk of breast cancer:· Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight in the upper body is shown to increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.· Breastfeed. It’s not always possible for moms to breastfeed, but for those who can, it can offer some protection against cancer.· Minimize post-menopausal hormone treatment. Follow the advice of your healthcare provider, but understand the risks of hormone replacement therapy.· Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Good nutrition protects against cancer at the cellular level. Look for antioxidant-rich foods like berries, spinach, walnuts, and green tea.· Get enough physical activity. Studies show that women who exercise four or more hours per week have a lower risk of breast cancer than less active women.Like all diseases, some risk factors, such as genetic makeup and family history, are uncontrollable. In this case, embracing a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk is especially important. Along with this, regular breast exams can be lifesaving. In fact, women aged 45-54 should get a mammogram every year.Unfortunately, breast cancer is common, and you likely know someone who has been diagnosed with the disease. But with advances in research and early detection, there are more survivors of breast cancer every year.So, continue to spread awareness and proudly wear pink. Support those who battle breast cancer, and encourage healthy behaviors to reduce your risk. With conscious efforts, together we can help to make breast cancer less common in years to come.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Reduce your risk of breast cancer

ELLSWORTH – Kansas State University extension specialists and agricultural agents and local conservation district representatives will host a field day focused on controlling woody encroachment and other brush management techniques.

This free event, beginning at 10:30 a.m. on November 6, will offer expert advice to the public about how to use chemical and mechanical treatments to combat the spread of invasive trees and brush. It will be hosted at the Robin Kohls Ranch, and a free lunch will be provided to participants.

Organizers say managing the spread of trees on grassland is essential.

“We know that Kansas is losing a lot of acres of grassland and pasture to the spread of trees and other brush,” said Stacie Minson, K-State Research and Extension watershed specialist. “The economic loss for landowners and producers means learning these key land management strategies will be really beneficial now, and into the future.”

The program will include other topics as well, including the use of alternative watering systems for livestock, winter cow nutrition, and other water quality concerns. Minson said that this is especially relevant, as the day’s discussion will help the public learn more about how to improve water quality in Kanopolis Reservoir, which is the oldest reservoir in the state of Kansas.

The field day is sponsored by Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds, Midway Extension District, Ellsworth County Conservation District and Natural Resource Conservation Service in Ellsworth. Speakers from K-State will include experts on soil science, cropping systems, and watershed management.

Those interested in attending are asked to register online at https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0DnuDqCgW3zs0cu or to call 785-472-3161, ext. 3.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictELLSWORTH – Kansas State University extension specialists and agricultural agents and local conservation district representatives will host a field day focused on controlling woody encroachment and other brush management techniques.This free event, beginning at 10:30 a.m. on November 6, will offer expert advice to the public about how to use chemical and mechanical treatments to combat the spread of invasive trees and brush. It will be hosted at the Robin Kohls Ranch, and a free lunch will be provided to participants.Organizers say managing the spread of trees on grassland is essential.“We know that Kansas is losing a lot of acres of grassland and pasture to the spread of trees and other brush,” said Stacie Minson, K-State Research and Extension watershed specialist. “The economic loss for landowners and producers means learning these key land management strategies will be really beneficial now, and into the future.”The program will include other topics as well, including the use of alternative watering systems for livestock, winter cow nutrition, and other water quality concerns. Minson said that this is especially relevant, as the day’s discussion will help the public learn more about how to improve water quality in Kanopolis Reservoir, which is the oldest reservoir in the state of Kansas.The field day is sponsored by Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds, Midway Extension District, Ellsworth County Conservation District and Natural Resource Conservation Service in Ellsworth. Speakers from K-State will include experts on soil science, cropping systems, and watershed management.Those interested in attending are asked to register online at https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0DnuDqCgW3zs0cu or to call 785-472-3161, ext. 3.

BOOR: K-State experts host field day about brush management

Many people, for a variety of reasons, such as arthritis or other painful conditions, don’t participate in regular physical activity, despite the health benefits it would offer.

The Arthritis Foundation Walk With Ease program was developed to help people with or without arthritis form walking groups whose goals are safety and success. The program’s three major objectives are to provide participants with

· Education about successful physical activity for people with arthritis

· Opportunity to begin and develop an ongoing aerobic fitness program

Walk with Ease’s information and strategies are based on research and tested programs in exercise science, behavior change, and arthritis management.

Groups meet for 6 weeks, three times per week. Each session lasts about one hour. The length of each session depends on how long your group decides to walk. At the start, some people may only be able to walk 5 to 15 minutes, but the program will help you gradually build up to at least 30 minutes of walking, three times a week. The program can be modified to meet the interests and needs of participants, who walk at their own pace.

Each session begins with a brief discussion of a topic important to successful walking or arthritis management. After the discussion the group will warm up, stretch, walk, cool down, and stretch one last time. Walking with a group is fun and groups often spend additional time socializing.

The Walk with Ease program is designed for people with arthritis- young and old, male and female, fit and not-so-fit. It is also suitable for people without arthritis who would like to begin a regular walking program to gain the benefits of regular aerobic exercise.

If you can be on your feet for 10 minutes without increased pain, you can probably participate successfully, and the program can be modified to meet your needs.

If you want to participate but have concerns about your health, consult your health care practitioner before you begin.

To participate in the course, you complete and return an application. Please contact the Cottonwood Extension Office at 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu or you can stop by the office at 601 Main St. to fill out the application. The cost is $15 to participate. You receive a book with the class. Classes will meet most Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays at 9:30am at Hays Recreation Center gyms. Classes begin November 4, 2024 and ends on December 13, 2024.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictMany people, for a variety of reasons, such as arthritis or other painful conditions, don’t participate in regular physical activity, despite the health benefits it would offer.The Arthritis Foundation Walk With Ease program was developed to help people with or without arthritis form walking groups whose goals are safety and success. The program’s three major objectives are to provide participants with· Education about successful physical activity for people with arthritis· Education about arthritis management· Opportunity to begin and develop an ongoing aerobic fitness programWalk with Ease’s information and strategies are based on research and tested programs in exercise science, behavior change, and arthritis management.How does it work?Groups meet for 6 weeks, three times per week. Each session lasts about one hour. The length of each session depends on how long your group decides to walk. At the start, some people may only be able to walk 5 to 15 minutes, but the program will help you gradually build up to at least 30 minutes of walking, three times a week. The program can be modified to meet the interests and needs of participants, who walk at their own pace.Each session begins with a brief discussion of a topic important to successful walking or arthritis management. After the discussion the group will warm up, stretch, walk, cool down, and stretch one last time. Walking with a group is fun and groups often spend additional time socializing.Who can participate?The Walk with Ease program is designed for people with arthritis- young and old, male and female, fit and not-so-fit. It is also suitable for people without arthritis who would like to begin a regular walking program to gain the benefits of regular aerobic exercise.If you can be on your feet for 10 minutes without increased pain, you can probably participate successfully, and the program can be modified to meet your needs.If you want to participate but have concerns about your health, consult your health care practitioner before you begin.How do I register?To participate in the course, you complete and return an application. Please contact the Cottonwood Extension Office at 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu or you can stop by the office at 601 Main St. to fill out the application. The cost is $15 to participate. You receive a book with the class. Classes will meet most Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays at 9:30am at Hays Recreation Center gyms. Classes begin November 4, 2024 and ends on December 13, 2024.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Walk with ease

Cool-season forages require annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is a good time to plan on fertilizing cool-season improved pasture or hayfields of perennial grasses such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Ideally a soil sample should be taken before-hand to know how much of each nutrient you need. If you need information on how to take correct soil samples for bromegrass contact your local Extension Office. We have soil probes you can check out to do it as well.

Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphate limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins.

Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available—liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers—including liquid nitrogen—are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea to ammonia, which is lost to the air. This can occur fairly rapidly when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February, volatilization loss should be minimal.

Application Timing - when brome is grazed or hayed in the fall, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus and potassium indicated by a soil test plus half of the nitrogen recommended per acre. Then before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remainder of the nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring.

If soil moisture is limited, apply all nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before the soil freezes in November or December. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.

Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. Timely application can be delayed because of wet soils. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.

Fertilizer Rates (N, P, and K). Due to space limitations for this article. Fertilizer rate recommendations for N, P, and K for established stands of smooth bromegrass can be accessed by going to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and looking at the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictCool-season forages require annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is a good time to plan on fertilizing cool-season improved pasture or hayfields of perennial grasses such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Ideally a soil sample should be taken before-hand to know how much of each nutrient you need. If you need information on how to take correct soil samples for bromegrass contact your local Extension Office. We have soil probes you can check out to do it as well.Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphate limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins.Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available—liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers—including liquid nitrogen—are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea to ammonia, which is lost to the air. This can occur fairly rapidly when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February, volatilization loss should be minimal.Application Timing - when brome is grazed or hayed in the fall, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus and potassium indicated by a soil test plus half of the nitrogen recommended per acre. Then before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remainder of the nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring.If soil moisture is limited, apply all nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before the soil freezes in November or December. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. Timely application can be delayed because of wet soils. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.Fertilizer Rates (N, P, and K). Due to space limitations for this article. Fertilizer rate recommendations for N, P, and K for established stands of smooth bromegrass can be accessed by going to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and looking at the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.