Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.

The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.

This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.

A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?

Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.

If you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.

Hearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.

Quantifying hearing loss’s impact

According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.

Johns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.

Hearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.

Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Hearing loss doesn’t just mean an older adult needs to turn up the TV. It’s been linked to a range of health problems, including dementia.The latest aging research not only shows the two are connected, it’s also leading scientists to believe that hearing loss may actually be a cause of dementia.This emerging area of research has huge implications, says Frank Lin, MD, PhD, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. at the Bloomberg School. Some 37.5 million Americans have trouble hearing, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.A key question researchers have: Could hearing aids reduce the risk of a person developing dementia?Lin explains the connection between the two conditions and where the science is headed.Hearing loss and the brainIf you have hearing loss, you have a greater chance of developing dementia, according to a 2020 Lancet commission report that lists hearing loss as one of the top risk factors for dementia.Brain strain and social isolationHearing loss can make the brain work harder, forcing it to strain to hear and fill in the gaps. That comes at the expense of other thinking and memory systems. Another possibility: Hearing loss causes the aging brain to shrink more quickly. A third possibility is that hearing loss leads people to be less socially engaged, which is hugely important to remaining intellectually stimulated. If you can't hear very well, you may not go out as much, so the brain is less engaged and active.Quantifying hearing loss’s impactAccording to the World Health Organization, hearing loss is estimated to account for 8% of dementia cases. This means that hearing loss may be responsible for 800,000 of the nearly 10 million new cases of dementia diagnosed each year.Reducing the risk of dementiaJohns Hopkins is leading a large National Institute on Aging study to see if hearing aids can safeguard seniors’ mental processes. The study has multiple locations and has recruited nearly 1,000 people ages 70–84 with hearing loss. One group is provided hearing aids, while another group receives aging education. In July, Public Health on Call interviewed Dr. Frank Lin about his research using a randomized control study. Everyone was followed for three years with cognitive skills test every 6 months. Hearing interventions were shown to slow down cognitive decline in those with more risk factors for cognitive decline. A hearing aid is a low risk intervention that can help prevent cognitive decline in those with other risk factors.Other effects on healthHearing loss has long-term effects on health. It’s believed to increase the risk for falls and depression. It also leads to higher health care costs: People with hearing loss have an increased rate of hospitalization.Please encourage your loved ones to go get their hearing checked and find hearing aids if they have hearing loss. October is also National Protect Your Hearing Month so remember your ear plugs or earmuffs when you are around loud sounds. Prevention is important.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Hearing loss linked to health problems, including dementia

From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. 

But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.

• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.

• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.

• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks

• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.

• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.

• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.

• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.

• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.

• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.

• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.

• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.

• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.

Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>From chilling tales to creepy costumes, lots of things can be scary on Halloween night. But the real danger for children is walking in the dark. On average, children are more than twice as likely to be hit by a car and killed on Halloween than any other day of the year, according to Safe Kids Worldwide. And the leading cause of injury is falls. Make sure children know the rules of the road and are as visible as possible at night.Here are some tips to help you prepare:• Travel together. Avoid letting children walk alone and walk in large groups with a responsible adult.• Brighten up. Fasten reflective tape to kids’ costumes and treat bags so drivers can see them at night. Brightly colored costumes are better for kids.• Look both ways. Tell your children to look both ways before crossing the street and to use crosswalks• Stay on sidewalks. Walk on sidewalks whenever possible, or on the far edge of the road facing traffic to stay safe.• See and be seen. Give children a flashlight or glow stick to hold while trick or treating to help them see, and to hope others see them while they walk and never run from house to house.• Costumes should allow your child to see and move safely while they’re out and about.• Use make-up instead of masks to children can see better. Test make-up for sensitivity and remove before bedtime to prevent possible skin and eye irritation.• Make sure costumes and shoes are well fitted so they are less likely to fall.• Use battery-operated lights instead of candles.• Feed your trick-or-treaters dinner or a snack before going out so they can resist the temptation to open a piece of candy before it’s inspected.• Check candy when you get home and look for evidence of tampering. Throw away homemade treats and check labels if your child has any allergies.• Put electronic devices down, keep heads up. Make eye contact with drivers before crossing in front of them.Halloween is about making memories. Keeping children safe throughout the festivities depends on everyone-- parents and kids, drivers and pedestrians-- being thoughtful, attentive and careful.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Halloween safety

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.

While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.

Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.

A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. 

There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.

Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.

K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.

If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, can damage several important Kansas crops as well as pasture, turf, and home landscaping. This insect does not overwinter in Kansas. Rather, it is native to the tropical regions of the western hemisphere and is active year-round along the Gulf Coast and southern Florida, migrating in from these locations each year. Two full generations are possible in Kansas, with defoliation and grain damage being the biggest concerns.While reports of fall armyworm caterpillar damage have not been received so far this fall, it is a good idea to keep an eye out for this insect, especially where newly seeded crops or grasses have been planted.Fall armyworm caterpillars can be distinguished from other Lepidopterans by markings on the head that resemble an inverted “Y” and four spots on the last abdominal segment that form a square. Once caterpillars are ½ to ¾ inch, they can do considerable damage in a few days. Because of this it is important to scout newly planted fields or hay meadows, in order to spot them when they are small.A reasonable treatment threshold is finding three or more caterpillars per square foot within a newly planted field. There are several insecticides labeled to control this insect including Mustang Maxx, Besiege and Sevin. For forage crops, be sure to check the grazing restriction and post-harvest interval. When considering a chemical treatment option, keep in mind caterpillars ¾-inch or longer are close to maturity and can be harder to control with an insecticide.Fall armyworm feeding declines with cooler temperatures and the adult moths eventually migrate south. In the meantime, be sure to keep an eye on any newly seeded grain or hay fields.K-State Research &amp; Extension has crop insect pest management information available at your finger-tips, simply type into your internet browser “<a href="https://entomology.k-state.edu/extension/publications/">crop pest guides, KSU</a>”.If you ever need any assistance in looking at your fields or have any questions, please give me a call at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Hays at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall armyworm awareness

This past Wednesday, K-State’s Living Well Wednesday series kicked off with caution against e-cigarettes. This topic has become extremely prevalent since I began as the Family and Community Wellness agent in June, so I am excited to share the great insight of Donna Gerstner who gave this past week’s Live Well Wednesday presentation.

· 60.4% of students who use e-cigarettes – also known as vaping – on a regular basis have reported symptoms of depression, compared to 29.1% of those who have never used e-cigarettes.

· 42.5% of those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to self-harm; 42% plan on it; 37.5% will attempt self-harm.

· 8 out of 10 youth who use e-cigarettes reported additional substance abuse, including alcohol and marijuana.

“So you see that it’s really scary that youth are using vapes because it causes suicidal behavior,” said Gerstner, who coordinates grants aimed at chronic disease risk reduction and e-cigarette prevention.

In Kansas, more than 48% of high school students have tried e-cigarettes and 22% are currently users, according to the state’s Division of Public Health surveys.

Health officials say tobacco use among youth, including vaping, has negative consequences that ultimately cause more than 60,000 Kansans under age 18 to die prematurely from smoking.

“The tobacco industry is creating vaping products that appeal to young people,” Gerstner said. “This includes vaping pens that look like USB drives, ballpoint pens, watches and even vape wear, such as a hoodie where the vape comes out of the drawstrings.”

Vaping gained popularity in part because youth believed it was less harmful than smoking, was less expensive and many e-cigarettes came in various flavors.

But, Gerstner says, don’t be fooled by the lack of smoke produced from e-cigarettes. The cloud produced by e-cigarettes may appear to be water vapor, but in actuality it is a harmful aerosol of poisons that actually sticks to surfaces and creates a phenomenon known as third-hand smoke.

“Think of hairspray…what does it do? It doesn’t go away when you spray it on your hair,” Gerstner said.

“When somebody is vaping in an area, they leave chemicals on nearby surfaces, then dust reacts to other chemicals in the environment to form toxic chemicals. That’s third-hand smoke. These are potentially harmful chemicals that people and animals can be exposed to through the respiratory system. Small children are especially at-risk for third-hand smoke exposure because they always put everything in their mouth.”

In Garden City, Gerstner has been involved in efforts to pass a city and county ordinance that banned the sale of vaping products to teens. Currently, a group is working to change a school policy to eliminate a first-offense suspension for youth caught with vaping products, which only serves to give the opportunity for youth to stay home and vape there.

“Instead,” she said, “we need to give those youth the tools that they can use to help themselves.”

“We also have a statewide youth program called RESIST to fight against the tobacco industry’s manipulative marketing tactics,” Gerstner said. “Local chapters work to educate their peers and advocate for local policies that restrict access to tobacco products.”

Gerstner spoke at length on the topic during the K-State Research and Extension online series, Living Well Wednesday. Her presentation, titled ‘It’s Not So Kool to JUUL,’ is available to view online.

The Living Well Wednesday series continues Nov. 1 with a presentation titled "Teen Stress and Anxiety: How Worried do Parents Need to Be?" The series is free, but those interested are required to register online to receive a link where the session can be accessed.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>This past Wednesday, K-State’s Living Well Wednesday series kicked off with caution against e-cigarettes. This topic has become extremely prevalent since I began as the Family and Community Wellness agent in June, so I am excited to share the great insight of Donna Gerstner who gave this past week’s Live Well Wednesday presentation. Consider:· 60.4% of students who use e-cigarettes – also known as vaping – on a regular basis have reported symptoms of depression, compared to 29.1% of those who have never used e-cigarettes.· 42.5% of those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to self-harm; 42% plan on it; 37.5% will attempt self-harm.· 8 out of 10 youth who use e-cigarettes reported additional substance abuse, including alcohol and marijuana.“So you see that it’s really scary that youth are using vapes because it causes suicidal behavior,” said Gerstner, who coordinates grants aimed at chronic disease risk reduction and e-cigarette prevention.In Kansas, more than 48% of high school students have tried e-cigarettes and 22% are currently users, according to the state’s Division of Public Health surveys.Health officials say tobacco use among youth, including vaping, has negative consequences that ultimately cause more than 60,000 Kansans under age 18 to die prematurely from smoking.“The tobacco industry is creating vaping products that appeal to young people,” Gerstner said. “This includes vaping pens that look like USB drives, ballpoint pens, watches and even vape wear, such as a hoodie where the vape comes out of the drawstrings.”Vaping gained popularity in part because youth believed it was less harmful than smoking, was less expensive and many e-cigarettes came in various flavors.But, Gerstner says, don’t be fooled by the lack of smoke produced from e-cigarettes. The cloud produced by e-cigarettes may appear to be water vapor, but in actuality it is a harmful aerosol of poisons that actually sticks to surfaces and creates a phenomenon known as third-hand smoke.“Think of hairspray…what does it do? It doesn’t go away when you spray it on your hair,” Gerstner said.“When somebody is vaping in an area, they leave chemicals on nearby surfaces, then dust reacts to other chemicals in the environment to form toxic chemicals. That’s third-hand smoke. These are potentially harmful chemicals that people and animals can be exposed to through the respiratory system. Small children are especially at-risk for third-hand smoke exposure because they always put everything in their mouth.”In Garden City, Gerstner has been involved in efforts to pass a city and county ordinance that banned the sale of vaping products to teens. Currently, a group is working to change a school policy to eliminate a first-offense suspension for youth caught with vaping products, which only serves to give the opportunity for youth to stay home and vape there.“Instead,” she said, “we need to give those youth the tools that they can use to help themselves.”“We also have a statewide youth program called RESIST to fight against the tobacco industry’s manipulative marketing tactics,” Gerstner said. “Local chapters work to educate their peers and advocate for local policies that restrict access to tobacco products.”Gerstner spoke at length on the topic during the K-State Research and Extension online series, Living Well Wednesday. Her presentation, titled ‘It’s Not So Kool to JUUL,’ is available to view online.The Living Well Wednesday series continues Nov. 1 with a presentation titled "Teen Stress and Anxiety: How Worried do Parents Need to Be?" The series is free, but those interested are required to register online to receive a link where the session can be accessed.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: ‘It’s not Kool to JUUL’: Expert warns of vaping use among teens

Courtesy of the&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District

The Cottonwood Extension District (Ellis and Barton counties) has two executive board positions in Ellis County with elections this year. There are three candidates that have filed for these positions. Here are short bios on the candidates. The Cottonwood Extension Board, as with any board, is tasked with both planning and implementation of district activities as well as oversight.

Election Day is Tuesday, Nov. 7. Polls will be open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.&nbsp;

To find your polling location,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ellisco.net/432/Polling-Site-Locations">click here</a>.

Tatum is a longtime extension member, volunteer, and 4-H leader. She served on the Ellis County Extension board prior to the formation of the Cottonwood District. She has served the last four years on the Cottonwood Extension District as treasurer.

She enjoys being a part of the important work that the Cottonwood Extension District is doing.

As an Ellis County taxpayer and a CPA she strives to be fiscally responsible with the direction of the extension district. She looks forward to continuing as a board member.

Allen has served on the Cottonwood Extension executive board since 2017 when the district was formed. He has been involved in agricultural activities in Ellis County his entire life. He operates a small farm in southern Ellis County with wheat, milo, and stocker cattle. Allen has BS and MS degrees from K-State.

Diana is a resident of Hays. She is an Ellis County Master Gardener, where she serves on the Advisory Council. She is the former secretary of the Friends of Barr Lake (Colorado) board and is a current member of the Hays Public Library Foundation board.

She has a BS degree in Animal Science from Colorado State. Diana is a lifelong gardener. Diana believes that the Cottonwood Extension District is an important part of the Barton and Ellis county communities.

As, by definition, it's a local arm of Kansas State Research and Extension, and the various districts help to improve the lives of Kansans through education and research.

She feels that her background in education, experience and public interactions through numerous activities would benefit the board as it works through the various demands on the district. Through her current Master Gardener affiliation, she has been involved with the district and understands its inner workings. As a co-leader of a local 4H group, she is also aware of the commitment to the youth of the area.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/4/1617728198283.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Courtesy of the&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Cottonwood Extension District (Ellis and Barton counties) has two executive board positions in Ellis County with elections this year. There are three candidates that have filed for these positions. Here are short bios on the candidates. The Cottonwood Extension Board, as with any board, is tasked with both planning and implementation of district activities as well as oversight.Election Day is Tuesday, Nov. 7. Polls will be open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.&nbsp;To find your polling location,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ellisco.net/432/Polling-Site-Locations">click here</a>.<h2>Tatum Kimzey - incumbent</h2>Tatum is a longtime extension member, volunteer, and 4-H leader. She served on the Ellis County Extension board prior to the formation of the Cottonwood District. She has served the last four years on the Cottonwood Extension District as treasurer.She enjoys being a part of the important work that the Cottonwood Extension District is doing.As an Ellis County taxpayer and a CPA she strives to be fiscally responsible with the direction of the extension district. She looks forward to continuing as a board member.<h2>Allen Roth - incumbent</h2>Allen has served on the Cottonwood Extension executive board since 2017 when the district was formed. He has been involved in agricultural activities in Ellis County his entire life. He operates a small farm in southern Ellis County with wheat, milo, and stocker cattle. Allen has BS and MS degrees from K-State.<h2>Diana F Pantle</h2>Diana is a resident of Hays. She is an Ellis County Master Gardener, where she serves on the Advisory Council. She is the former secretary of the Friends of Barr Lake (Colorado) board and is a current member of the Hays Public Library Foundation board.She has a BS degree in Animal Science from Colorado State. Diana is a lifelong gardener. Diana believes that the Cottonwood Extension District is an important part of the Barton and Ellis county communities.As, by definition, it's a local arm of Kansas State Research and Extension, and the various districts help to improve the lives of Kansans through education and research.She feels that her background in education, experience and public interactions through numerous activities would benefit the board as it works through the various demands on the district. Through her current Master Gardener affiliation, she has been involved with the district and understands its inner workings. As a co-leader of a local 4H group, she is also aware of the commitment to the youth of the area.

3 candidates vie for 2 Ellis County seats on Cottonwood Extension District board

With row crop harvest well underway, it is time to start planning fall herbicide applications. 

Herbicide applications in late October through November can improve control of difficult winter annual weeds. Fall weed control is associated with warmer soils and easier planting in the spring, however, it is important to remember that fall-applied herbicides may limit your crop options in the spring. Also remember that herbicides should not be applied to frozen ground.

Some of the key herbicides to consider for fall herbicide applications include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), suflentrazone (Spartan, others), and Autumn Super, for residual activity. One thing to keep in mind about residual activity from fall herbicide applications is that weather conditions will influence the length of residual control and the weed emergence patterns. So, even though they provide some residual activity, additional spring application pre-emergence herbicides will likely be needed for season-long weed control.

For burndown activity, glyphosate, 2,4-D or dicamba are good options to consider. Alternatives for grass control include Group 1 herbicides like clethodim (Select, others) or quizalofop (Assure II, others). Alternatives for controlling broadleaf weeds include paraquat (Gramoxone, others) or saflufenacil (Sharpen).

Some key weeds to target with fall herbicide applications are marestail, henbit, dandelion, prickly lettuce, pepperweed, field pansy, and recently-emerged cool-season grasses. When higher rates of herbicides are used in the fall some suppression of early spring-germinating summer annual broadleaf weeds such as kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and Pennsylvania smartweed can be achieved, according to recent research in Kansas.

Marestail is a problem that merits special attention. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. Marestail is much easier to control in fall or early spring while it is still in the rosette growth stage.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval.

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. 

For more information on weed control refer to the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland. You can find it by typing into your internet browser&nbsp;“<a href="http://v">Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU</a>.” Or stop by your local county or district extension office for a paper copy.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>With row crop harvest well underway, it is time to start planning fall herbicide applications. Herbicide applications in late October through November can improve control of difficult winter annual weeds. Fall weed control is associated with warmer soils and easier planting in the spring, however, it is important to remember that fall-applied herbicides may limit your crop options in the spring. Also remember that herbicides should not be applied to frozen ground.Some of the key herbicides to consider for fall herbicide applications include chlorimuron (Classic, others), flumioxazin (Valor, others), suflentrazone (Spartan, others), and Autumn Super, for residual activity. One thing to keep in mind about residual activity from fall herbicide applications is that weather conditions will influence the length of residual control and the weed emergence patterns. So, even though they provide some residual activity, additional spring application pre-emergence herbicides will likely be needed for season-long weed control.For burndown activity, glyphosate, 2,4-D or dicamba are good options to consider. Alternatives for grass control include Group 1 herbicides like clethodim (Select, others) or quizalofop (Assure II, others). Alternatives for controlling broadleaf weeds include paraquat (Gramoxone, others) or saflufenacil (Sharpen).Some key weeds to target with fall herbicide applications are marestail, henbit, dandelion, prickly lettuce, pepperweed, field pansy, and recently-emerged cool-season grasses. When higher rates of herbicides are used in the fall some suppression of early spring-germinating summer annual broadleaf weeds such as kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and Pennsylvania smartweed can be achieved, according to recent research in Kansas.Marestail is a problem that merits special attention. This weed is classified as a winter annual, but it germinates well into spring and summer, making it even more difficult to manage. Marestail is much easier to control in fall or early spring while it is still in the rosette growth stage.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements. For more information on weed control refer to the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland. You can find it by typing into your internet browser&nbsp;“<a href="http://v">Chemical Weed Control Guide, KSU</a>.” Or stop by your local county or district extension office for a paper copy.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Control annual weeds with fall-applied herbicides ahead of corn, sorghum

Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! 

For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our ag and natural resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. 

We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. 

From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;

Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 p.m. at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 a.m. Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm.

All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>.

You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;mberan@ksu.edu&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Extension could not do the work we do without community partners! For myself with 4-H work, partnerships with our local recreation centers, libraries, and school districts are invaluable. Our Family and Community Wellness agents also partner with health departments, medical providers, and day care facilities to provide a wide variety of services. Our ag and natural resources agents work with ag cooperatives, livestock producers and facilities, and many others in the ag service industries. We partner to provide programming for a wide audience across the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;Extension is literally the extension of research from and for the land-grant university. As our community, you have an opportunity&nbsp;to participate in regional community visits with administration from Kansas State University. From the press release information provided, Kansas State University is gearing up for the second year of presidential community visits across Kansas. The regional community visit initiative focuses on the people of Kansas and their communities. K-State is visiting multiple communities throughout the state to listen to and learn from the Kansans who live here.&nbsp;Visits for the Cottonwood Extension District include a community open forum on Tuesday, November 7th, from 5:30-7 p.m. at the Great Bend Events Center. On Wednesday, November 8th, a water management session will be held at the Kansas Wetlands Education Center from 9-10 a.m. Also on Wednesday, November 8, child-care partnerships will be a focus of a discussion in Hays from 11:30-1. Following that event,&nbsp;prospective students and their families are invited to attend an event at The Strand in Hays from 6-7:15 pm. All of these events are open to the public and more information, including registration, can be found at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/president/initiatives/regional-community-visits</a>. You can also call either of our offices for more information. We look forward to seeing you at one of these community events!&nbsp;&nbsp;Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at&nbsp;mberan@ksu.edu&nbsp;or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Community Partners

October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health celebrates National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week. The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All."

The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.

A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.

Blood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.

Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.

Smoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.

Checking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.

Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After Pregnancy

Work with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.

Link between Mental and Heart Health

Mental and physical health are closely related. People who experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety for a long period of time are more likely to develop conditions like high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. It is also common for people to develop mental health conditions after having an event like a heart attack. Managing stress and mental health symptoms is important for proper heart health.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>October 15-21, 2023 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office on Women’s Health celebrates National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week. The 2023 theme is "Getting to the Heart of It All."The initiative aims to highlight best practices in blood pressure control, raise awareness about the significance of maintaining healthy blood pressure levels, and educate our communities about the contributing factors, and implications of high blood pressure.A recent survey shows most women do not recognize that heart disease is their number one health threat. We know that many different factors contribute to blood pressure control and heart health.Know the NumbersBlood pressure is the force your blood puts on your artery walls. If this pressure is too high, called hypertension it can damage your heart over time. A blood pressure of less than 120 systolic and less than 80 diastolic is considered normal and healthy by the American Heart Association.Heart Healthy HabitsLifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition play a large part in keeping your heart healthy. Many risk factors for developing high blood pressure are modifiable, which means you have the power to change them. Getting enough physical activity each week (150 minutes) and strength training twice a week are the current recommendations. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet and the Mediterranean Diet are two diets recommended for both heart and brain health.Cut Out Tobacco UseSmoking, vaping and other tobacco use harms nearly every part of the body including the heart. Nicotine raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It’s never too late to quick smoking, vaping or using tobacco products.Monitor Your Blood PressureChecking your blood pressure regularly is important. You can make an appointment with your health care provider or visit a blood pressure station. Purchasing a monitor and self-monitoring is also an option.Managing Blood Pressure Before, During and After PregnancyWork with your provider before you get pregnant can set you up for success during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy discuss signs and symptoms of preeclampsia with your provider and self-monitor your blood pressure at home. If you experienced high blood pressure during pregnancy you are at risk of having other complications after birth. Pay attention to how you feel.Link between Mental and Heart HealthMental and physical health are closely related. People who experience chronic stress, depression, and anxiety for a long period of time are more likely to develop conditions like high blood pressure, which can lead to heart disease. It is also common for people to develop mental health conditions after having an event like a heart attack. Managing stress and mental health symptoms is important for proper heart health.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: National Women’s Blood Pressure Awareness Week

On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://hayspost.com/category/post-podcast" target="_blank">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;94.3FM/1400AM The Morning Blend host Jeff Leiker discusses the upcoming Cottonwood Extension District coyote trapping and calling program with Agent Stacy Campbell.

<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=coyote+hays+post#:~:text=Coyote%20program%20scheduled%20for%20Ellis,https%3A//hayspost.com%20%E2%80%BA%20posts">Read about the event here.</a>

<div><iframe title="Cottonwood Extension District plans coyote trapping, calling program Oct. 18" allowtransparency="true" height="600" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:600px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=tb2md-14d3b8d-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=600" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://hayspost.com/category/post-podcast" target="_blank">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;94.3FM/1400AM The Morning Blend host Jeff Leiker discusses the upcoming Cottonwood Extension District coyote trapping and calling program with Agent Stacy Campbell.<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=coyote+hays+post#:~:text=Coyote%20program%20scheduled%20for%20Ellis,https%3A//hayspost.com%20%E2%80%BA%20posts">Read about the event here.</a>

🎙 Post Podcast: Cottonwood Extension District plans coyote trapping, calling program Oct. 18

On Wednesday, Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting a free coyote trapping and predator calling program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th Avenue.&nbsp;

During his program, he will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics. He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. 

If you need further information call 785-628-9430. 

If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event! All interested people are invited to attend.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697207210774.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Cottonwood Extension DistrictOn Wednesday, Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting a free coyote trapping and predator calling program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th Avenue.&nbsp;During his program, he will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics. He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. If you need further information call 785-628-9430. If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event! All interested people are invited to attend.

Coyote trapping, predator calling course Wed. in Hays

Shopping for healthy foods has become more difficult than ever. As new products continue to hit the shelves, claims found on food packaging can be challenging to navigate. Many health buzzwords can make a person think that a certain food is better than another, but that’s not always the case. This is why it is always important to read food labels and ingredient lists.

No matter the branding, healthy foods are likely low in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars. 

Saturated fats are okay in small amounts but too much can cause cholesterol to build up in your arteries. 

Sodium is hidden in most packaged foods, and it leads to high blood pressure. In fact, most Americans consume almost 150% above the recommended sodium daily intake, and to no surprise, more than 122 million Americans have high blood pressure. 

Sugar found in naturally occurring foods such as fruit and milk are good for your body. These naturally occurring sugars are included in the “Total Sugars” on a food label which you don’t need to fret about too much. On the other hand, “Added Sugars” are not natural, and you should keep an eye out for them. A few common examples are high fructose corn syrup, cane juice, and malt syrup.

No matter the marketing, understanding food labels will help you know if a product is truly a good option. Nonetheless, there are many terms out there that may confuse shoppers. Let’s take a look at a few:

Light: You may assume that a product labeled “light” has fewer calories, but it can actually refer to the flavor- not the nutrition content.

Made with real fruit: Manufacturers do not have to include the percentage of fruit included in an item. In fact, a product “made with real fruit” can have as little as 1% of real fruit.

Multigrain/ Wheat: Just because a product label includes “multigrain” or “wheat” does not mean that it is 100% whole grain. Whole grains include more fiber, are less processed, and keep you fuller for longer. Checking the ingredient list to ensure a product is not made with enriched flour and is 100% whole grain is worthwhile.

Superfoods: The “superfood” marketing scheme can be applied to any food that is nutrient-dense. Many superfood products claim to have cancer-fighting properties, but there is little scientific basis to confirm this. It is certainly true that a balanced diet full of unprocessed, vitamin-rich foods can reduce the risk of cancer, but it is unlikely that any single product will have this impact.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Shopping for healthy foods has become more difficult than ever. As new products continue to hit the shelves, claims found on food packaging can be challenging to navigate. Many health buzzwords can make a person think that a certain food is better than another, but that’s not always the case. This is why it is always important to read food labels and ingredient lists.No matter the branding, healthy foods are likely low in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars. Saturated fats are okay in small amounts but too much can cause cholesterol to build up in your arteries. Sodium is hidden in most packaged foods, and it leads to high blood pressure. In fact, most Americans consume almost 150% above the recommended sodium daily intake, and to no surprise, more than 122 million Americans have high blood pressure. Sugar found in naturally occurring foods such as fruit and milk are good for your body. These naturally occurring sugars are included in the “Total Sugars” on a food label which you don’t need to fret about too much. On the other hand, “Added Sugars” are not natural, and you should keep an eye out for them. A few common examples are high fructose corn syrup, cane juice, and malt syrup.No matter the marketing, understanding food labels will help you know if a product is truly a good option. Nonetheless, there are many terms out there that may confuse shoppers. Let’s take a look at a few:Light: You may assume that a product labeled “light” has fewer calories, but it can actually refer to the flavor- not the nutrition content.Made with real fruit: Manufacturers do not have to include the percentage of fruit included in an item. In fact, a product “made with real fruit” can have as little as 1% of real fruit.Multigrain/ Wheat: Just because a product label includes “multigrain” or “wheat” does not mean that it is 100% whole grain. Whole grains include more fiber, are less processed, and keep you fuller for longer. Checking the ingredient list to ensure a product is not made with enriched flour and is 100% whole grain is worthwhile.Superfoods: The “superfood” marketing scheme can be applied to any food that is nutrient-dense. Many superfood products claim to have cancer-fighting properties, but there is little scientific basis to confirm this. It is certainly true that a balanced diet full of unprocessed, vitamin-rich foods can reduce the risk of cancer, but it is unlikely that any single product will have this impact.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: How to navigate healthy food marketing

In less than a decade, there has been a shift in land ownership trends in Kansas.

“There is a growing demographic of landowners in Kansas that are becoming more geographically and generationally removed from agriculture,” said Robin Reid, an agricultural economist at Kansas State University.

Reid cites data from 2015 indicating that 85% of Kansas land was owned by people living in the state. Research is ongoing, she says, but in 2022, data suggests a notable shift in land being owned by people who live outside the state’s borders.

“Some of that is due to inheritance and some of that is due to people purchasing land – especially hunting ground,” Reid said. “But we also know the No. 1 question in our county extension offices across the state is from landowners wanting to know the going rates for land leases and information on Kansas lease law.” Reid said K-State is hosting the first-ever Kansas Landowner Conference on Nov. 10 to address challenges related to land ownership in Kansas. She notes that in addition to helping landowners build networks and learn about land management, the program includes information on:

· Agricultural land market conditions · Land lease management · Property tax regulations

Registration and more information on the conference is available at <a href="https://www.agmanager.info/Landowner">www.agmanager.info/Landowner</a> through Nov. 1.

“There is so much that we want to emphasize about having a good relationship between a landowner and their tenant,” Reid said. “Open communication and getting a lease in writing will help to streamline the process of managing a land lease and avoiding conflict.”

Ashlee Westerhold, director of the Office of Farm and Ranch Transition in K-State’s Department of Agricultural Economics, will also be presenting during the conference. She said that 2 in 3 – 66% - Kansas farms are owned and operated by someone age 55 or older.

“So, if you think about that,” she said, “in the next 15 years as landowners head towards 70 years old, they will be retiring or thinking about transferring land. We’re going to see a huge wave of ownership transfer from one generation to the next.”

In her current role, Westerhold said she works with many families who are inheriting farmland while living in Kansas City, Wichita or other large cities.

“They do not necessarily have plans to come back to the farm, but they want to keep ownership,” she said. “And it’s important to have conversations about transition and succession even though these children might not live on the farm someday. We’re helping them become better landowners once they inherit the farm.”

More information on land-related issues also is available from the K-State Department of Agricultural Economics website, AgManager.info then click onto the Farm Management tab.

Article written by Pat Melgares, K-State News Service.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photso" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photso</figcaption>
 </figure>In less than a decade, there has been a shift in land ownership trends in Kansas.“There is a growing demographic of landowners in Kansas that are becoming more geographically and generationally removed from agriculture,” said Robin Reid, an agricultural economist at Kansas State University.Reid cites data from 2015 indicating that 85% of Kansas land was owned by people living in the state. Research is ongoing, she says, but in 2022, data suggests a notable shift in land being owned by people who live outside the state’s borders.“Some of that is due to inheritance and some of that is due to people purchasing land – especially hunting ground,” Reid said. “But we also know the No. 1 question in our county extension offices across the state is from landowners wanting to know the going rates for land leases and information on Kansas lease law.” Reid said K-State is hosting the first-ever Kansas Landowner Conference on Nov. 10 to address challenges related to land ownership in Kansas. She notes that in addition to helping landowners build networks and learn about land management, the program includes information on:· Agricultural land market conditions · Land lease management · Property tax regulations Registration and more information on the conference is available at <a href="https://www.agmanager.info/Landowner">www.agmanager.info/Landowner</a> through Nov. 1.“There is so much that we want to emphasize about having a good relationship between a landowner and their tenant,” Reid said. “Open communication and getting a lease in writing will help to streamline the process of managing a land lease and avoiding conflict.”Ashlee Westerhold, director of the Office of Farm and Ranch Transition in K-State’s Department of Agricultural Economics, will also be presenting during the conference. She said that 2 in 3 – 66% - Kansas farms are owned and operated by someone age 55 or older.“So, if you think about that,” she said, “in the next 15 years as landowners head towards 70 years old, they will be retiring or thinking about transferring land. We’re going to see a huge wave of ownership transfer from one generation to the next.”In her current role, Westerhold said she works with many families who are inheriting farmland while living in Kansas City, Wichita or other large cities.“They do not necessarily have plans to come back to the farm, but they want to keep ownership,” she said. “And it’s important to have conversations about transition and succession even though these children might not live on the farm someday. We’re helping them become better landowners once they inherit the farm.”More information on land-related issues also is available from the K-State Department of Agricultural Economics website, AgManager.info then click onto the Farm Management tab.Article written by Pat Melgares, K-State News Service.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Number of absentee owners rising in the state, say K-State agricultural economists

On Wednesday, October 18 Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting a free coyote trapping and predator calling program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697207210774.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Cottonwood ExtensionOn Wednesday, October 18 Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting a free coyote trapping and predator calling program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays. During his program, he will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics. He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls. If you need further information call 785-628-9430. If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event! All interested people are invited to attend.

Coyote program scheduled for Ellis County

On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://hayspost.com/category/post-podcast" target="_blank">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;94.3FM/1400AM The Morning Blend host Jeff Leiker discusses the upcoming Cottonwood Extension District regional community visit with Family and Community Wellness Agent Monique Koerner.

<div><iframe title="Cottonwood Extension District prepares for regional community visit" allowtransparency="true" height="600" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);height:600px;" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=7hz99-14d0f5e-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=60a0c8&size=600" loading="lazy" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://hayspost.com/category/post-podcast" target="_blank">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;94.3FM/1400AM The Morning Blend host Jeff Leiker discusses the upcoming Cottonwood Extension District regional community visit with Family and Community Wellness Agent Monique Koerner.

🎙 Post Podcast: Cottonwood Extension District prepares for regional community visit

Cool fall days are in our future, which means we will start spending more time indoors. This change will increase our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick!

One key habit is proper handwashing, and it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:

1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.

2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.

3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.

4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!

5. In public places, there are many objects that are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.

6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer!

7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.

Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Cool fall days are in our future, which means we will start spending more time indoors. This change will increase our exposure to bacteria and viruses that can lead to illness. The good news is that if we are aware of our habits, we can help prevent getting sick!One key habit is proper handwashing, and it reduces respiratory illnesses, like colds, in the general population by 16-21%. There are promising results from handwashing, and if we teach children good hand- hygiene, we can further reduce the spread of disease! Here are a few simple tips to share with your kids:1. Wash your hands multiple times throughout the day. This includes before and after eating, after using the restroom, and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.2. Wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. Hum “Happy Birthday” twice through to make sure you scrub long enough.3. Lather with soap and water. Soap is a detergent that removes bacteria and dirt when it is lathered, so using enough soap is key in removing germs.4. Scrub every part of your hand. If you don’t think about it, it is easy to miss the tops of your hands, under your nails, and between your fingers. Bacteria will build up if you don’t reach every part!5. In public places, there are many objects that are in constant use such as door handles and water fountains. Using your paper towel to access these areas after you’ve washed can help to reduce exposure to germs.6. At home, change out cloth hand towels often to limit the build-up of dirt and bacteria. This will keep your hands clean for longer!7. Consider hanging small posters above sinks to remind kids of proper handwashing techniques.Staying healthy throughout the fall is challenging, so get a head start with proper handwashing to reduce your family’s risk of getting sick.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Healthy family habits: Hand washing

As the calendar turns over to October it reminds me of Breast Cancer Awareness month and cooler weather. 

It is very likely that you or someone you know has been affected by breast cancer. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the United States breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer. Cancer is also one of the leading causes of death in the United States, ranking second only after heart disease. One in every four deaths is due to cancer. While there are a lot of risks for cancer that are outside of our control, such as our genetics, gender, and age, there are many lifestyle choices we can make to reduce risk.

First, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. I know! Easier said than done. This is especially important as we get older. Two other choices that can help lower risk for breast cancer, as well as achieve a healthy weight, is to eat a diet rich in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and get plenty of exercise. Avoiding alcohol or consuming one drink or less per day will also lower your risk of breast cancer. Sometimes making healthy choices can seem overwhelming, especially when life gets stressful. Start small and build on what you are able to accomplish. Perhaps just pick one thing you would like to change and work on that for a few weeks or months.

While breast cancer risk increases as we age and those over age 50 are at increased risk, there are some things that younger women can do in addition to healthy lifestyle choices listed above. Having children and breastfeeding can help protect yourself from breast cancer. When women are pregnant and breastfeeding their hormone levels are different which can reduce risk of breast cancer later on in life. There is a dose response effect as well, the longer you breastfeed, the lower your risk of breast cancer. This may be a real motivation for some women to breastfeed their children or maybe the motivation to keep going when the baby wakes up again in the middle of the night. Remembering that there are benefits for you, mom, that may help you stay strong and not give up.

Here at the Cottonwood Extension District we want to give you the education and tools to help you lead a better, healthier life. We have resources and tools to share with you. We are your partner to a healthier lifestyle.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension , Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>As the calendar turns over to October it reminds me of Breast Cancer Awareness month and cooler weather. It is very likely that you or someone you know has been affected by breast cancer. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in the United States breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer. Cancer is also one of the leading causes of death in the United States, ranking second only after heart disease. One in every four deaths is due to cancer. While there are a lot of risks for cancer that are outside of our control, such as our genetics, gender, and age, there are many lifestyle choices we can make to reduce risk.First, achieve and maintain a healthy weight. I know! Easier said than done. This is especially important as we get older. Two other choices that can help lower risk for breast cancer, as well as achieve a healthy weight, is to eat a diet rich in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and get plenty of exercise. Avoiding alcohol or consuming one drink or less per day will also lower your risk of breast cancer. Sometimes making healthy choices can seem overwhelming, especially when life gets stressful. Start small and build on what you are able to accomplish. Perhaps just pick one thing you would like to change and work on that for a few weeks or months.While breast cancer risk increases as we age and those over age 50 are at increased risk, there are some things that younger women can do in addition to healthy lifestyle choices listed above. Having children and breastfeeding can help protect yourself from breast cancer. When women are pregnant and breastfeeding their hormone levels are different which can reduce risk of breast cancer later on in life. There is a dose response effect as well, the longer you breastfeed, the lower your risk of breast cancer. This may be a real motivation for some women to breastfeed their children or maybe the motivation to keep going when the baby wakes up again in the middle of the night. Remembering that there are benefits for you, mom, that may help you stay strong and not give up.Here at the Cottonwood Extension District we want to give you the education and tools to help you lead a better, healthier life. We have resources and tools to share with you. We are your partner to a healthier lifestyle.

KOERNER: Breast cancer and how to lower your risk

It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. 

Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. The abundance of weeds therefore can likely contribute to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. 

In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.

Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.

Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.

Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Simply type into your internet browser Alfalfa Insect Management Guide KSU or Wheat Insect Management Guide KSU.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>It is well understood that weather patterns can have a significant impact on grasshopper populations year to year. Warm, dry weather increases the survival of nymphs and adult grasshoppers, leading to increased egg production during the growing season, while cool, wet weather promotes fungal pathogens that can reduce egg and nymph survival. Another factor influencing grasshopper populations is an abundance of food, especially broadleaf weeds. A diet high in these forbs leads to greater nymph survival, faster growth, larger adult grasshoppers, and increased egg production. The abundance of weeds therefore can likely contribute to the noticeable number and diversity of grasshoppers currently being observed. As these weedy sources of food are exhausted or controlled, grasshoppers may shift their grazing over to anything still growing in the landscape. In areas with greater grasshopper pressure, seedling alfalfa and wheat could be at risk.Before planting alfalfa, treatment should be considered if there are 15 or more grasshoppers per square yard around the planting area. Once planted and growing, consider treatment if 3-5 grasshoppers per square yard are found in the seedling alfalfa stand.Vegetated borders around areas where wheat will be planted should be scouted ten days before planting. Consider treating those borders if there are 7 to 12 grasshoppers per square yard. Once growing, three or more grasshoppers per square yard within the field can destroy seedling wheat stands. If grasshopper populations are low to moderate, seed treatments can protect emerging wheat plants for several weeks if products are applied at the highest registered rate. Seed treatments will be less effective under severe grasshopper pressure. Avoid planting too early, as this will help reduce the time that wheat must be protected.Please refer to the most recent Alfalfa and Wheat Insect Management Guides for specific control information. Simply type into your internet browser Alfalfa Insect Management Guide KSU or Wheat Insect Management Guide KSU.Stacy Campbell is a crop production extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Grasshoppers abundant in many areas of Kansas

On Wednesday, October 18 Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting&nbsp;a free Coyote Trapping and Predator Calling&nbsp;program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. 

The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th&nbsp;Avenue. &nbsp;

During his program, Ricketts  will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics.&nbsp;He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls.&nbsp;

For further information call 785-628-9430. 

If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event!&nbsp;All interested people are invited to attend.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/9/1695669307417.jpeg" alt="Photo by Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks" />
 <figcaption>Photo by Kansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parks</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedOn Wednesday, October 18 Cottonwood Extension District will be hosting&nbsp;a free Coyote Trapping and Predator Calling&nbsp;program by Wildlife Specialist Drew Ricketts starting at 6:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Hays Agricultural Research Center auditorium, 1232 240th&nbsp;Avenue. &nbsp;During his program, Ricketts will discuss coyote biology, helping people to better understand their movements, vocalizations, and diet among other topics.&nbsp;He will also discuss tips and methods on trapping and calling coyotes including the proper use of mouth and electronic calls.&nbsp;For further information call 785-628-9430. If you enjoy the outdoors, or more specifically enjoy hunting coyotes, don’t miss out on this event!&nbsp;All interested people are invited to attend.

Free coyote trapping, predator calling program Oct. 18 in Hays

October 1-7 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week. 

According to the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. 

The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3,000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. 

In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.

On September 26, I was joined by 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams to address the Barton County Commission. 

We were delighted with Proclamation 2023-13 which states, in part, “4-H, as delivered by Cooperative Extension – a community of more than 100 public universities across the nation that provides experiences where young people have taken on critical societal issues, such as addressing community health inequities, engaging in civil discourse, and advocating for equity and inclusion for all; and whereas, National 4-H Week showcases the incredible experiences that 4-H offers young people, and highlights the remarkable 4-H youth in Kansas and throughout America who work each day to make a positive impact on those around them. Now, therefore, be it proclaimed by the Board of County Commissioners of Barton County, Kansas, that October 1-7, 2023 is hereby known as National 4-H Week throughout Barton County; and further, that the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands, and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better….”

If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1. The Cottonwood Extension District offers eight community clubs in Barton County and over 40 project areas from art&nbsp;to woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. 

More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.

If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays around the county.

Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program. "48 Hours of 4-H" is a state-wide service challenge. 

Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will meet at the 4-H Educational Buildings on Sunday, Oct. 8 to clean up and work on a variety of projects. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>October 1-7 is an exciting time as 4-H families across the nation celebrate National 4-H Week. According to the National 4-H website, 4-H was established as Youth Clubs in 1902 with agricultural after-school clubs focused on particular ag products such as tomatoes or corn. The passage of the Smith-Lever Act in 1914 created the Cooperative Extension System at USDA and nationalized 4-H. By 1914, 4-H Clubs were formed and the clover emblem was adopted. The Cooperative Extension System is a partnership of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture within the USDA, more than 100 land-grant universities and more than 3,000 county offices across the nation, including all 105 counties in Kansas. Cooperative Extension combines the expertise and resources of federal, state, and local governments to meet the need for research, knowledge, and educational programs. In 4-H, we believe in the power of young people. We see that every child has valuable strengths and real influence to improve the world around us.On September 26, I was joined by 4-H Ambassador Ailey Williams to address the Barton County Commission. We were delighted with Proclamation 2023-13 which states, in part, “4-H, as delivered by Cooperative Extension – a community of more than 100 public universities across the nation that provides experiences where young people have taken on critical societal issues, such as addressing community health inequities, engaging in civil discourse, and advocating for equity and inclusion for all; and whereas, National 4-H Week showcases the incredible experiences that 4-H offers young people, and highlights the remarkable 4-H youth in Kansas and throughout America who work each day to make a positive impact on those around them. Now, therefore, be it proclaimed by the Board of County Commissioners of Barton County, Kansas, that October 1-7, 2023 is hereby known as National 4-H Week throughout Barton County; and further, that the Commission recognizes the importance of using the Head, Heart, Hands, and Health, the four core values of the 4-H mission, to make the best better….”If you know of a young person who would benefit from the opportunities of 4-H, enrollment for the new year began October 1. The Cottonwood Extension District offers eight community clubs in Barton County and over 40 project areas from art&nbsp;to woodworking for youth to explore, learn, and grow. More information can be found at our website cottonwood.k-state.edu or by calling one of our offices.If you happen to be in our Ellis County area, 4-H members will have several displays around the county.Community service and citizenship are hallmarks of the 4-H program. "48 Hours of 4-H" is a state-wide service challenge. Cottonwood-Barton 4-H families will meet at the 4-H Educational Buildings on Sunday, Oct. 8 to clean up and work on a variety of projects. Previous projects have included cleanup at Great Bend-Brit Spaugh Zoo and the making cookies for county-wide emergency service personnel. Many individual clubs will take on separate projects in their town. Teaching youth the value of giving back to their communities helps all communities be stronger and to develop the leaders needed to not just survive but to thrive.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District, Barton Office at 620-793-1910.