By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

I have been getting more phone calls this year than normal about wheat fields being infected with Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV).

As a reminder volunteer wheat ideally needs to be completely dead/killed two weeks before wheat is drilled in the Fall. Volunteer wheat, or wheat leftover from past crops, houses the wheat curl mite. Mite populations, ultimately, depend on the amount of volunteer wheat within an area. If you had some wheat in a neighboring field that survived after harvest, or maybe it was hidden in some double crop field nearby, that's where those curl mites survive. They can then blow into your field or a neighbor’s field in either the fall or the early spring and that's typically when you start to see damage.

You can get wheat samples tested for WSMV at the K-State plant pathology lab, just to confirm it. You can contact your local Extension Office to bring in your sample.

You get kind of a fan appearance, so it is worse on the edge of the field and gets progressively better as you move towards the center of the field.

Warm weather conditions induce the appearance of wheat streak mosaic within fields. While plants may be infected during the winter and times of cold, hot temperatures activate the viruses’ symptoms. “Usually, you don't see that streaking symptom until the weather starts to warm, so we can have some infection cooking there over the winter”, says K-State wheat disease specialist Kelsey Anderson Onofre.

Increased moisture and other weather events during the 2023 harvest contributed to more volunteer wheat and desirable conditions for the wheat streak mosaic virus to thrive in the current growing season.

One last note or observation from my experience is that in the spring when volunteer wheat gets terminated either with tillage or herbicide. If there is nearby wheat it will get WSMV. Because the curl mite must have green and living tissue to survive on. Once the wheat is dying or killed, the mite will leave the plants using the wind because they do not have wings. They will then infest other nearby healthy fields with the wheat curl mite and thus WSMV.

For further information about WSMV just search on-line for Wheat Streak Mosaic, KSU. If you have any questions give me a call at 785-628-9430.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictI have been getting more phone calls this year than normal about wheat fields being infected with Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV).As a reminder volunteer wheat ideally needs to be completely dead/killed two weeks before wheat is drilled in the Fall. Volunteer wheat, or wheat leftover from past crops, houses the wheat curl mite. Mite populations, ultimately, depend on the amount of volunteer wheat within an area. If you had some wheat in a neighboring field that survived after harvest, or maybe it was hidden in some double crop field nearby, that's where those curl mites survive. They can then blow into your field or a neighbor’s field in either the fall or the early spring and that's typically when you start to see damage.You can get wheat samples tested for WSMV at the K-State plant pathology lab, just to confirm it. You can contact your local Extension Office to bring in your sample.You get kind of a fan appearance, so it is worse on the edge of the field and gets progressively better as you move towards the center of the field.Warm weather conditions induce the appearance of wheat streak mosaic within fields. While plants may be infected during the winter and times of cold, hot temperatures activate the viruses’ symptoms. “Usually, you don't see that streaking symptom until the weather starts to warm, so we can have some infection cooking there over the winter”, says K-State wheat disease specialist Kelsey Anderson Onofre.Increased moisture and other weather events during the 2023 harvest contributed to more volunteer wheat and desirable conditions for the wheat streak mosaic virus to thrive in the current growing season.One last note or observation from my experience is that in the spring when volunteer wheat gets terminated either with tillage or herbicide. If there is nearby wheat it will get WSMV. Because the curl mite must have green and living tissue to survive on. Once the wheat is dying or killed, the mite will leave the plants using the wind because they do not have wings. They will then infest other nearby healthy fields with the wheat curl mite and thus WSMV.For further information about WSMV just search on-line for Wheat Streak Mosaic, KSU. If you have any questions give me a call at 785-628-9430.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Wheat Streak Mosaic virus

Cottonwood Extension District<figure>
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Make the best choices for your health through Dining with Diabetes program in Hays 

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Do you have diabetes? Do you support someone you know that has diabetes? This class if for you!

Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Research and Extension health and wellness program that consist of a series of four classes that includes learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program's focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.

· Increase knowledge about healthy foods

· Present healthy versions of familiar foods and taste testing of recipes

· Provide basic information regarding diabetes and nutrition

· Provide opportunities for sharing and learning from one another and from diabetes health professionals

Dining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; a five to ten-minute low-impact physical activity; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.

The program is designed for people with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or at risk for diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support persons.

Diabetes is an expensive disease. The recent research report, "Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017" estimates that the total cost of diagnosed diabetes has risen to $327 billion in 2017, this cost was estimated to be $245 billion in 2012. This represents a 26% increase over a five-

year period. This cost includes direct medical expenses ($237 billion) and the cost of reduced productivity ($90 billion). According to this study, people with diabetes spend an average of 2.3 times the amount people without diabetes spend each year on their health. That works out to an average of $16,752 a year per person, about $9,601 of which is directly attributed to diabetes. Source: American Diabetes Association, March 2018.

Diabetes is one of the costliest health conditions in Kansas. Diabetes and prediabetes cost an estimated $2.6 billion in Kansas each year (CDC). More than 50% of spending on type 2 diabetes is for treating health problems that could have been prevented with better diabetes management. Research shows that diabetes can be treated and managed by healthful eating, regular physical activity, and medications to lower blood glucose levels. The Dining with Diabetes program provides education and training focused on behaviors shown to help people with diabetes stay healthy.

Approximately 255,215 people in Kansas, or 11.4% of the adult population, have diagnosed diabetes.

An additional 66,000 people in Kansas have diabetes but don’t know it, greatly increasing their health risk.

There are 782,000 people in Kansas, 35.3% of the adult population, who have prediabetes with blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

Every year an estimated 20,271 people in Kansas are diagnosed with diabetes.

*Reference- American Diabetes Association October 2021 Report

Dining with Diabetes classes will be offered on June 6, 13, 20, and 27, 2024 from 4-6pm at the Hays Recreation Center Marcy Allenbaugh Conference Room. For more information or to sign up please call 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu. Cost is $35/person.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictDo you have diabetes? Do you support someone you know that has diabetes? This class if for you!Dining with Diabetes is a K-State Research and Extension health and wellness program that consist of a series of four classes that includes learning, demonstrations, physical activity and tasting healthy foods. The program's focus is to help individuals learn strategies to lessen the health risks of diabetes.Program Objectives· Increase knowledge about healthy foods· Present healthy versions of familiar foods and taste testing of recipes· Demonstrate new cooking techniques· Provide basic information regarding diabetes and nutrition· Provide opportunities for sharing and learning from one another and from diabetes health professionalsProgram DescriptionDining with Diabetes is a national extension program provided to Kansans by K-State Research and Extension Family and Consumer Sciences professionals and community health partners. The program is a series of four 2-hour classes that are held once a week. Classes consist of a presentation on diabetes self-care or healthful food choices; a five to ten-minute low-impact physical activity; presentations on tasty, healthy familiar foods, sampling foods, and demonstrations of cooking techniques using artificial sweeteners, reduced-fat foods, herbs, and spices.Who can participate?The program is designed for people with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or at risk for diabetes and their family members, caregivers, and support persons.Why Dining with Diabetes?Diabetes is an expensive disease. The recent research report, "Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017" estimates that the total cost of diagnosed diabetes has risen to $327 billion in 2017, this cost was estimated to be $245 billion in 2012. This represents a 26% increase over a five-year period. This cost includes direct medical expenses ($237 billion) and the cost of reduced productivity ($90 billion). According to this study, people with diabetes spend an average of 2.3 times the amount people without diabetes spend each year on their health. That works out to an average of $16,752 a year per person, about $9,601 of which is directly attributed to diabetes. Source: American Diabetes Association, March 2018.Diabetes is one of the costliest health conditions in Kansas. Diabetes and prediabetes cost an estimated $2.6 billion in Kansas each year (CDC). More than 50% of spending on type 2 diabetes is for treating health problems that could have been prevented with better diabetes management. Research shows that diabetes can be treated and managed by healthful eating, regular physical activity, and medications to lower blood glucose levels. The Dining with Diabetes program provides education and training focused on behaviors shown to help people with diabetes stay healthy.Diabetes by the numbers in Kansas*Approximately 255,215 people in Kansas, or 11.4% of the adult population, have diagnosed diabetes.An additional 66,000 people in Kansas have diabetes but don’t know it, greatly increasing their health risk.There are 782,000 people in Kansas, 35.3% of the adult population, who have prediabetes with blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.Every year an estimated 20,271 people in Kansas are diagnosed with diabetes.*Reference- American Diabetes Association October 2021 ReportDining with Diabetes classes will be offered on June 6, 13, 20, and 27, 2024 from 4-6pm at the Hays Recreation Center Marcy Allenbaugh Conference Room. For more information or to sign up please call 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu. Cost is $35/person.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Dining with Diabetes will be offered in June 2024

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

You made it through another canning season, and when the last jar was filled you may have been glad to stash all equipment away quickly in order to be done….so why not take a little time right now to check all canning equipment and be prepared for this year’s food preservation season?

· Do you need more of a certain size of jar?

· Check current jars for nicks, cracks or rough edges along the lip and throughout the jar.

· Store empty clean jars in boxes or totes with thin cardboard between layers to protect jars from breakage.

· Next inventory flats, make note of what you’ll need for this season. Carefully check screw bands for rust, recycle those that are unusable.

· Are the bottoms flat and free from warping?

· Are the safety valves still flexible on the pressure canner lid?

· Are air vents clear of food particles?

· Is the pressure dial gauge been checked for accuracy?

· Are the canner handles tight and secure?

· Make sure the canners are clean. The darkened surface on the inside of an aluminum canner can be cleaned by filling it above the darkened line with a mixture of 1 tablespoon cream of tartar to each quart of water. Place the canner on the stove, heat water to a boil, and boil covered until the dark deposits disappear. Sometimes stubborn deposits may require the addition of more cream of tartar. Empty the canner and wash it with hot soapy water, rinse and dry.

· Store with crumpled newspapers inside to absorb moisture and odors. Place the lid upside down on the canner. Do not store a pressure canner with the lid clamped and sealed onto the canner.

· Does the pressure canner rubber seal (gasket) feel flexible and still fits tightly in the lid groove?

· Make sure small equipment, such as a jar lifter, headspace tool, flat magnetic wand, bubble freer and funnel are in good condition and functional.

· This is also a great time to think about updating canning publications -- there is a new edition of the “Ball Blue Book”, 38th edition, as well as the ultimate food preservation guidebook “So Easy to Preserve”.

· You can always check with your local Extension office for the latest canning guidelines. Happy canning!

If you have a dial gauge pressure canner, the answer is YES! If you have a metal weighted gauge pressure canner that does not require testing. However, a dial gauge must be tested for accuracy before each canning season. Contact your local Extension office to get your gauge tested: in Kansas go to, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations/ to find your local office. Most Extension offices can test the following brands of pressure canners: Presto, National, Magic Seal, Maid of Honor. When canning low-acid vegetables, meats, fish and poultry, it is essential to use a pressure canner to get the product to high enough temperature to kill any Clostridium botulism spores that may be present. If your pressure gauge is registering one pound high, that will result in a 10% reduction in heating and if the gauge is two pounds high, you will have a 30% reduction in heating. This could be the difference between safe food and potentially deadly food. If your gauge is reading too low, you could be over processing your food, resulting in a lower quality product. For the safety of everyone consuming your pressure-canned foods, please check your dial gauge every year!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictYou made it through another canning season, and when the last jar was filled you may have been glad to stash all equipment away quickly in order to be done….so why not take a little time right now to check all canning equipment and be prepared for this year’s food preservation season?First, inventory all canning equipment.<h2>Jars</h2>· Do you need more of a certain size of jar?· Check current jars for nicks, cracks or rough edges along the lip and throughout the jar.· Store empty clean jars in boxes or totes with thin cardboard between layers to protect jars from breakage.· Next inventory flats, make note of what you’ll need for this season. Carefully check screw bands for rust, recycle those that are unusable.<h2>Canners</h2>· Are the bottoms flat and free from warping?· Are the safety valves still flexible on the pressure canner lid?· Are air vents clear of food particles?· Is the pressure dial gauge been checked for accuracy?· Are the canner handles tight and secure?· Make sure the canners are clean. The darkened surface on the inside of an aluminum canner can be cleaned by filling it above the darkened line with a mixture of 1 tablespoon cream of tartar to each quart of water. Place the canner on the stove, heat water to a boil, and boil covered until the dark deposits disappear. Sometimes stubborn deposits may require the addition of more cream of tartar. Empty the canner and wash it with hot soapy water, rinse and dry.· Store with crumpled newspapers inside to absorb moisture and odors. Place the lid upside down on the canner. Do not store a pressure canner with the lid clamped and sealed onto the canner.· Does the pressure canner rubber seal (gasket) feel flexible and still fits tightly in the lid groove?<h2>Small Equipment</h2>· Make sure small equipment, such as a jar lifter, headspace tool, flat magnetic wand, bubble freer and funnel are in good condition and functional.· This is also a great time to think about updating canning publications -- there is a new edition of the “Ball Blue Book”, 38th edition, as well as the ultimate food preservation guidebook “So Easy to Preserve”.· You can always check with your local Extension office for the latest canning guidelines. Happy canning!Do I need to test my pressure gauge?If you have a dial gauge pressure canner, the answer is YES! If you have a metal weighted gauge pressure canner that does not require testing. However, a dial gauge must be tested for accuracy before each canning season. Contact your local Extension office to get your gauge tested: in Kansas go to, https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations/ to find your local office. Most Extension offices can test the following brands of pressure canners: Presto, National, Magic Seal, Maid of Honor. When canning low-acid vegetables, meats, fish and poultry, it is essential to use a pressure canner to get the product to high enough temperature to kill any Clostridium botulism spores that may be present. If your pressure gauge is registering one pound high, that will result in a 10% reduction in heating and if the gauge is two pounds high, you will have a 30% reduction in heating. This could be the difference between safe food and potentially deadly food. If your gauge is reading too low, you could be over processing your food, resulting in a lower quality product. For the safety of everyone consuming your pressure-canned foods, please check your dial gauge every year!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Get Your Canning Equipment Ready NOW!

As the 2024 field season gets into full swing, for farmers now is a good time for a refresher on restricted use pesticides (RUPs) and pesticide applicator licenses.

There are lots of ways to categorize pesticides, one of which is general use versus restricted use. In short, a general-use pesticide is one that can be used without any special training. A RUP, on the other hand, should only be used by an individual who is a certified pesticide applicator or is under the direct supervision of a certified pesticide applicator. RUPs are classified as such due to their potential to cause ‘unreasonable adverse effects’ on the environment, the applicator, or bystanders if appropriate precautions are not taken when using the product. A few of the RUPs you may be familiar with are Atrazine, Tordon 22K, and Warrior II.

Private applicator versus commercial applicator licenses

There are two types of certifications that will allow you to use a RUP. A private applicator license allows you to use or supervise the use of a restricted use pesticide to produce an agricultural commodity on property owned or rented by you or your employer. However, a commercial license is needed if you are going to apply pesticides on someone else’s property and charge a fee for the service.

You can contact your local Extension office if you need to obtain or renew your private applicator's license. For commercial applicator license those are scheduled by KDA and you have to create an account with them and get registered ahead of time at https://portal.kda.ks.gov/PestFert/CertifiedApplicator/Exam/List or call (785) 564-6688.

Also remember, there are some extra record-keeping requirements for individuals who apply RUPs. There is no standard form, but within two weeks of the application, you should document what was sprayed, including:

· the date and location of the application,

· product name and EPA registration number,

· total amount applied and area treated,

· the site to which the application was made, and

· the name and certification number of the applicator.

In our office we have a small pocket size “Pesticide Application Field Records” book that is free and you can pick up to record your pesticide applications, and a Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland book that is free and updated each year. This publication provides suggestions for chemical weed control in several major crops.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAs the 2024 field season gets into full swing, for farmers now is a good time for a refresher on restricted use pesticides (RUPs) and pesticide applicator licenses.There are lots of ways to categorize pesticides, one of which is general use versus restricted use. In short, a general-use pesticide is one that can be used without any special training. A RUP, on the other hand, should only be used by an individual who is a certified pesticide applicator or is under the direct supervision of a certified pesticide applicator. RUPs are classified as such due to their potential to cause ‘unreasonable adverse effects’ on the environment, the applicator, or bystanders if appropriate precautions are not taken when using the product. A few of the RUPs you may be familiar with are Atrazine, Tordon 22K, and Warrior II.Private applicator versus commercial applicator licensesThere are two types of certifications that will allow you to use a RUP. A private applicator license allows you to use or supervise the use of a restricted use pesticide to produce an agricultural commodity on property owned or rented by you or your employer. However, a commercial license is needed if you are going to apply pesticides on someone else’s property and charge a fee for the service.You can contact your local Extension office if you need to obtain or renew your private applicator's license. For commercial applicator license those are scheduled by KDA and you have to create an account with them and get registered ahead of time at https://portal.kda.ks.gov/PestFert/CertifiedApplicator/Exam/List or call (785) 564-6688.Also remember, there are some extra record-keeping requirements for individuals who apply RUPs. There is no standard form, but within two weeks of the application, you should document what was sprayed, including:· the date and location of the application,· product name and EPA registration number,· total amount applied and area treated,· the site to which the application was made, and· the name and certification number of the applicator.In our office we have a small pocket size “Pesticide Application Field Records” book that is free and you can pick up to record your pesticide applications, and a Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland book that is free and updated each year. This publication provides suggestions for chemical weed control in several major crops.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Review of restricted use pesticides, applicator licenses

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

Summer is just around the corner and schools are rolling into their last couple of weeks!

The Cottonwood Extension District was able to take advantage of a state-wide grant program through Kansas 4-H and the Kansas Department of Education. We have four young people joining our team this summer who will be providing focused educational opportunities through several partners.

In addition to a financial literacy curriculum that will be a part of the Ellinwood Library program, youth in several of our communities will have the opportunity to participate in ag-related STEM activities, leadership lessons, and much more.

Joining our team in Barton County will be 4-H alums, Jayla Wyant and Camille Dolechek. Joining the team in Ellis County are Rhyann Brown and Leah Mages. We are excited to see their interaction with youth across our district!

Some activities and programs will be coordinated through partners such as GPS Kids Club and several area libraries; others will be open to all youth in the community. Keep an eye on our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page for events and activities which will be open to all youth!

During both county fairs, the Summer Engagement interns will have some activities set up for youth to experience which is just one more reason to check out the events and activities of the fair!

While summer sports keep many families busy, be sure to check on the free or low-cost opportunities available through your Rec Center or library! Did someone in your family get a bike? Or maybe it’s time to air up the tires in an old one and enjoy a family bike ride. Find a new walking path and explore that as a family for exercise, fresh air, and memories!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179500533.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictSummer is just around the corner and schools are rolling into their last couple of weeks!The Cottonwood Extension District was able to take advantage of a state-wide grant program through Kansas 4-H and the Kansas Department of Education. We have four young people joining our team this summer who will be providing focused educational opportunities through several partners.In addition to a financial literacy curriculum that will be a part of the Ellinwood Library program, youth in several of our communities will have the opportunity to participate in ag-related STEM activities, leadership lessons, and much more.Joining our team in Barton County will be 4-H alums, Jayla Wyant and Camille Dolechek. Joining the team in Ellis County are Rhyann Brown and Leah Mages. We are excited to see their interaction with youth across our district!Some activities and programs will be coordinated through partners such as GPS Kids Club and several area libraries; others will be open to all youth in the community. Keep an eye on our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page for events and activities which will be open to all youth!During both county fairs, the Summer Engagement interns will have some activities set up for youth to experience which is just one more reason to check out the events and activities of the fair!While summer sports keep many families busy, be sure to check on the free or low-cost opportunities available through your Rec Center or library! Did someone in your family get a bike? Or maybe it’s time to air up the tires in an old one and enjoy a family bike ride. Find a new walking path and explore that as a family for exercise, fresh air, and memories!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Summer engagement

By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension District

Spring is my favorite time of year. The weather warms up, and I migrate outdoors to enjoy the weather. I love walking, biking, or simply sitting on my porch to soak up the sunshine. There’s something about sunshine that lifts my mood, and I don’t think I am the only one who feels this way. Science shows that rays from the sun have a positive effect on most of us. It provides a mental boost, and it supplies Vitamin D.

Vitamin D is a useful resource throughout the entire body. It plays a role in calcium absorption for strong bones, helps keep the immune system functioning properly, improves insulin sensitivity, and is linked to a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Vitamin D can also play an important role in cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, and mental health.

While we know the vitamin has fantastic effects on health, over 40% of Americans are deficient in the essential vitamin, and most of us aren’t getting the recommended intake. Children and adults should get 600 IU per day while those over 70 should aim for 800 IU.

Although many of us lack the essential vitamin, there are several different ways to increase intake. Direct sunlight, diet, and supplements can all help.

Sunlight exposure is the most potent source of Vitamin D. In fact, about 30 minutes of direct sunlight twice a week is equivalent to taking 20,000 IU of the vitamin orally! Experts recommend getting outdoors anytime from 10 am- 4 pm to get the full benefit.

Food can also provide Vitamin D in smaller amounts. Natural sources include trout, salmon, eggs, liver, and mushrooms. Other foods are fortified with the vitamin, and these can include cereal, milk, and juice.

Dietary supplements can also help you reach your Vitamin D needs. These supplements contain high levels of the vitamin, and they have been shown to cure Vitamin D-related diseases such as Rickets. Although a supplement may be convenient, it is always a good idea to consult your doctor first.

Like many of nature’s gifts, Vitamin D is generous in many ways. As you know, the vitamin is necessary for good physical health, and it is promising for mental health. Studies show that people with anxiety and depression are likely to have low vitamin D levels.

While we don’t know if depression is caused directly by low Vitamin D levels, we do know that getting outside to soak up sunshine can promote physical activity and provide opportunities to socialize. Along with these mood boosters, a colorful, Vitamin D-rich diet can support mental health as well.

Vitamin D is a nutrient that influences a vast number of the body’s health responses, and it is critical for good health. Getting enough Vitamin D can be a simple way to take care of your body and mind. So, what can you do to protect your health and avoid Vitamin D deficiency?

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictSpring is my favorite time of year. The weather warms up, and I migrate outdoors to enjoy the weather. I love walking, biking, or simply sitting on my porch to soak up the sunshine. There’s something about sunshine that lifts my mood, and I don’t think I am the only one who feels this way. Science shows that rays from the sun have a positive effect on most of us. It provides a mental boost, and it supplies Vitamin D.Vitamin D is a useful resource throughout the entire body. It plays a role in calcium absorption for strong bones, helps keep the immune system functioning properly, improves insulin sensitivity, and is linked to a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Vitamin D can also play an important role in cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, and mental health.While we know the vitamin has fantastic effects on health, over 40% of Americans are deficient in the essential vitamin, and most of us aren’t getting the recommended intake. Children and adults should get 600 IU per day while those over 70 should aim for 800 IU.Although many of us lack the essential vitamin, there are several different ways to increase intake. Direct sunlight, diet, and supplements can all help.Sunlight exposure is the most potent source of Vitamin D. In fact, about 30 minutes of direct sunlight twice a week is equivalent to taking 20,000 IU of the vitamin orally! Experts recommend getting outdoors anytime from 10 am- 4 pm to get the full benefit.Food can also provide Vitamin D in smaller amounts. Natural sources include trout, salmon, eggs, liver, and mushrooms. Other foods are fortified with the vitamin, and these can include cereal, milk, and juice.Dietary supplements can also help you reach your Vitamin D needs. These supplements contain high levels of the vitamin, and they have been shown to cure Vitamin D-related diseases such as Rickets. Although a supplement may be convenient, it is always a good idea to consult your doctor first.Like many of nature’s gifts, Vitamin D is generous in many ways. As you know, the vitamin is necessary for good physical health, and it is promising for mental health. Studies show that people with anxiety and depression are likely to have low vitamin D levels.While we don’t know if depression is caused directly by low Vitamin D levels, we do know that getting outside to soak up sunshine can promote physical activity and provide opportunities to socialize. Along with these mood boosters, a colorful, Vitamin D-rich diet can support mental health as well.Vitamin D is a nutrient that influences a vast number of the body’s health responses, and it is critical for good health. Getting enough Vitamin D can be a simple way to take care of your body and mind. So, what can you do to protect your health and avoid Vitamin D deficiency?· Let the sun shine· Focus on food· Talk to your docKarissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: The sunshine vitamin

The environment in which we live, work, and play is more important than we realize. Studies show that the air we breathe, the buildings we reside in, and the neighborhoods we call home can impact physical and mental health. Some examples are glaring. Air pollutants, contaminated water, and chemical by-products can disrupt biological functions. Scientists suspect these can lead to serious health problems such as asthma, cancer, and Parkinson’s Disease.

On the other hand, some environmental factors affect health in less obvious, beneficial ways. If you are familiar with the Blue Zones, you know that people of these regions maintain exceptional health. This is due to lifestyle choices inspired by the physical environment. What do I mean by this? People of the Blue Zones are surrounded by opportunities that make the healthy choice, the easy choice. Walking trails, vegetable gardens, green spaces, and intergenerational living arrangements are not just accessible, they are the norm. People of these regions live in an environment that influences them to walk to work, prepare healthy meals, unwind in nature, and create lasting relationships.

As you can see, health is greatly influenced by the choices we make. And the choices we make depend largely on the environment we live in. For example, a cluttered area encourages people to leave trash behind. In fact, studies show that littering increases at these sites. Whereas, a well-kept area invites people to keep the space clean.

Our physical environment also influences stress levels which impacts the body and how we make decisions. A person who lives in an urban area can experience chronic stress due to continuous noise. However, access to green spaces and quiet areas reduces anxiety, lowers blood pressure, and improves sleep quality. In turn, this affects how the brain functions. When you have reduced levels of stress and good mental health, you are equipped to problem solve and to make new, healthy choices.

The environment impacts our physical health and psychological well-being. It also influences our subconscious decisions. So, I challenge you to be aware of your ecological footprint and to advocate for a healthy environment. This can be done many ways. It can include the 3 R’s: reduce, reuse, and recycle, or it can simply be picking up trash in a parking lot. It can even be through system changes like supporting your community to build more sidewalks, parks, and bike lanes. To find more ideas visit: https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/what-you-can-do

Together we can all make the healthy choice, the easy choice.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe environment in which we live, work, and play is more important than we realize. Studies show that the air we breathe, the buildings we reside in, and the neighborhoods we call home can impact physical and mental health. Some examples are glaring. Air pollutants, contaminated water, and chemical by-products can disrupt biological functions. Scientists suspect these can lead to serious health problems such as asthma, cancer, and Parkinson’s Disease.On the other hand, some environmental factors affect health in less obvious, beneficial ways. If you are familiar with the Blue Zones, you know that people of these regions maintain exceptional health. This is due to lifestyle choices inspired by the physical environment. What do I mean by this? People of the Blue Zones are surrounded by opportunities that make the healthy choice, the easy choice. Walking trails, vegetable gardens, green spaces, and intergenerational living arrangements are not just accessible, they are the norm. People of these regions live in an environment that influences them to walk to work, prepare healthy meals, unwind in nature, and create lasting relationships.As you can see, health is greatly influenced by the choices we make. And the choices we make depend largely on the environment we live in. For example, a cluttered area encourages people to leave trash behind. In fact, studies show that littering increases at these sites. Whereas, a well-kept area invites people to keep the space clean.Our physical environment also influences stress levels which impacts the body and how we make decisions. A person who lives in an urban area can experience chronic stress due to continuous noise. However, access to green spaces and quiet areas reduces anxiety, lowers blood pressure, and improves sleep quality. In turn, this affects how the brain functions. When you have reduced levels of stress and good mental health, you are equipped to problem solve and to make new, healthy choices.The environment impacts our physical health and psychological well-being. It also influences our subconscious decisions. So, I challenge you to be aware of your ecological footprint and to advocate for a healthy environment. This can be done many ways. It can include the 3 R’s: reduce, reuse, and recycle, or it can simply be picking up trash in a parking lot. It can even be through system changes like supporting your community to build more sidewalks, parks, and bike lanes. To find more ideas visit: https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/what-you-can-doTogether we can all make the healthy choice, the easy choice.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Make the healthy choice, the easy choice

The Endangered Species Act (ESA), established in 1973, protects threatened and endangered species and the critical habitats in which they live. This act requires federal agencies to ensure that any action they authorize or fund does not negatively affect any listed species or any critical habitat the organism needs to survive. For the EPA, this means they are required to assess potential risks to these species when they register or reregister a pesticide product. In 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP) to meet its obligations under this Act. A lawsuit filed in 2011 alleged that the EPA violated ESA when it registered or reevaluated certain pesticide active ingredients, which is now driving some changes that will affect Kansas producers.

The expected changes are being outlined in the EPA’s herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide strategies, which have not been finalized yet. The strategies aim to minimize the exposure of protected species to pesticides. Many of the new risk mitigation measures outlined in the strategies will apply to all pesticides, but some will be specific to a particular site, product, or application timing.

Because the strategies have not been finalized, there is still a lot of uncertainty, but we know pesticide labels will change. Changes will include additional runoff, erosion, and spray drift reduction measures for many products. In addition, some applications will be affected by Pesticide Use Limitation Areas (PULAs), which will have additional restrictions beyond those listed on the product label. Applicators will need to read Endangered Species Protection Bulletins to determine if a PULA will affect an application.

The Endangered Species Protection Bulletin will identify the species of concern and the pesticide active ingredient that may affect it. It will also provide a description of protection measures necessary to protect the species and a county-level map showing the affected geographic areas. If the pesticide label directs you to the website “Bulletins Live! Two” or the toll-free number, you are required to follow the pesticide use limitations found in the Bulletin for your location, the pesticide active ingredient, and the application month (Figure 1). You can obtain Bulletins at the website: https://www.epa.gov/endangered-species/bulletins-live-two-view-bulletins or through the toll-free number 844-477-3813. Bulletins should be obtained no more than six months ahead of your application. It is recommended that applicators keep a record of the Bulletins they obtain as part of their application records. Remember, these bulletins will be required for all pesticides, not only restricted-use products.

As an applicator or producer, now is the time to familiarize yourself with the “Bulletin’s Live! Two” website and how to search, use, and save bulletins. It is important to know the upcoming changes and existing resources that can help you navigate and understand how to comply.

Information provided by Frannie Miller, K-State Research &amp; Extension Pesticide Safety and IPM Coordinator and Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Endangered Species Act (ESA), established in 1973, protects threatened and endangered species and the critical habitats in which they live. This act requires federal agencies to ensure that any action they authorize or fund does not negatively affect any listed species or any critical habitat the organism needs to survive. For the EPA, this means they are required to assess potential risks to these species when they register or reregister a pesticide product. In 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Endangered Species Protection Program (ESPP) to meet its obligations under this Act. A lawsuit filed in 2011 alleged that the EPA violated ESA when it registered or reevaluated certain pesticide active ingredients, which is now driving some changes that will affect Kansas producers.The expected changes are being outlined in the EPA’s herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide strategies, which have not been finalized yet. The strategies aim to minimize the exposure of protected species to pesticides. Many of the new risk mitigation measures outlined in the strategies will apply to all pesticides, but some will be specific to a particular site, product, or application timing.Because the strategies have not been finalized, there is still a lot of uncertainty, but we know pesticide labels will change. Changes will include additional runoff, erosion, and spray drift reduction measures for many products. In addition, some applications will be affected by Pesticide Use Limitation Areas (PULAs), which will have additional restrictions beyond those listed on the product label. Applicators will need to read Endangered Species Protection Bulletins to determine if a PULA will affect an application.ESP BulletinsThe Endangered Species Protection Bulletin will identify the species of concern and the pesticide active ingredient that may affect it. It will also provide a description of protection measures necessary to protect the species and a county-level map showing the affected geographic areas. If the pesticide label directs you to the website “Bulletins Live! Two” or the toll-free number, you are required to follow the pesticide use limitations found in the Bulletin for your location, the pesticide active ingredient, and the application month (Figure 1). You can obtain Bulletins at the website: https://www.epa.gov/endangered-species/bulletins-live-two-view-bulletins or through the toll-free number 844-477-3813. Bulletins should be obtained no more than six months ahead of your application. It is recommended that applicators keep a record of the Bulletins they obtain as part of their application records. Remember, these bulletins will be required for all pesticides, not only restricted-use products.As an applicator or producer, now is the time to familiarize yourself with the “Bulletin’s Live! Two” website and how to search, use, and save bulletins. It is important to know the upcoming changes and existing resources that can help you navigate and understand how to comply.Information provided by Frannie Miller, K-State Research &amp; Extension Pesticide Safety and IPM Coordinator and Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: The Endangered Species Act, what ag producers need to know

There is a common joke in Kansas – and many parts of the country – that goes something like this: If you don’t like the weather right now, just wait a few minutes, because it will change! How many times do we start out the day with one type of weather and end the day with something completely different!

Weather in Kansas can change pretty quickly, so it’s important to know what to do in any situation in order to remain safe.

It starts with preparedness. We all should have a plan, including such things as just knowing how you get your weather alerts. You may get those from a weather radio or other sources, such as news media. And then, talk to your family.

It is a good idea for everyone to practice what they would do if faced with a real weather emergency. Parents can practice the plan with children well in advance of severe weather threats; doing so helps to ease children’s anxiety in a real emergency.

Practicing and having a plan saves lives. That is especially true in rural areas where appropriate shelter may be many miles away, a scenario many Kansans may be in.

Keep a weather safety kit that includes such items as non-perishable food, medicines, blankets, boots, extra clothes, helmets, weather radio, batteries, a charging device for phones and even a map to track the path of the storm while listening to news reports.

The best place to wait out severe weather is always the lowest, central location in the home. If you only have a first floor – and not a basement – the ideal spot is a centrally located hallway or bathroom. Stay away from windows.

If caught outside, don’t go under trees during thunderstorms and don’t try to out-run tornadoes in your car. A ditch is a safe place to go if you’re outside. Get down in the ditch; debris will typically blow over you. If you’re in a place without a ditch, get down on the ground as low as you can so you don’t have things hitting you.

· Get inside. Avoid porches and over-hangs. Stay away from windows.

· Stay off electronics that are hooked into a wall, including computer and cell phone.

· Stay out of the shower, or other water sources.

· On average, Kansas has 95 tornadoes per year. There has been as few as 17 tornadoes reported in 2020 and 190 in 2008.

· The peak time for tornadoes in Kansas is April through June, often referred to as tornado season.

· Tornadoes can occur any time of year and are solely dependent on atmospheric conditions.

· A basement or lower level of the house – away from windows -- is always the safest spot to wait out a tornado warning.

· Kansas gets approximately 600 wind damage reports annually.

· High winds – defined as those over 55 miles per hour – create problems not only by downing trees, but by making driving conditions and visibility more difficult.

· As with tornadoes, the safest place during a wind storm is inside in a central location, away from windows.

· In an average year, there are more than 1,000 reports of hail in Kansas. Severe hail is defined as 1 inch or more in diameter.

· One-inch hail can cause injury, damage to cars, and even damage house siding and roofs.

· Know your proximity to a flood plain to determine your risk, know the low-lying areas and where water runs.

· Away from home – and especially when driving – the risks due to flooding are much greater. On the road, the best advice is “turn around, don’t drown.”

· Six inches of water can move a car effectively.

· The road under the water may not be intact and could damage or disable your vehicle

More information about staying safe during many weather emergencies is available online from the National Weather Service.

More information on Kansas weather conditions, including up-to-date forecasts, is available online from https://mesonet.k-state.edu/

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThere is a common joke in Kansas – and many parts of the country – that goes something like this: If you don’t like the weather right now, just wait a few minutes, because it will change! How many times do we start out the day with one type of weather and end the day with something completely different!Weather in Kansas can change pretty quickly, so it’s important to know what to do in any situation in order to remain safe.It starts with preparedness. We all should have a plan, including such things as just knowing how you get your weather alerts. You may get those from a weather radio or other sources, such as news media. And then, talk to your family.It is a good idea for everyone to practice what they would do if faced with a real weather emergency. Parents can practice the plan with children well in advance of severe weather threats; doing so helps to ease children’s anxiety in a real emergency.Practicing and having a plan saves lives. That is especially true in rural areas where appropriate shelter may be many miles away, a scenario many Kansans may be in.Keep a weather safety kit that includes such items as non-perishable food, medicines, blankets, boots, extra clothes, helmets, weather radio, batteries, a charging device for phones and even a map to track the path of the storm while listening to news reports.The best place to wait out severe weather is always the lowest, central location in the home. If you only have a first floor – and not a basement – the ideal spot is a centrally located hallway or bathroom. Stay away from windows.If caught outside, don’t go under trees during thunderstorms and don’t try to out-run tornadoes in your car. A ditch is a safe place to go if you’re outside. Get down in the ditch; debris will typically blow over you. If you’re in a place without a ditch, get down on the ground as low as you can so you don’t have things hitting you.For specific weather emergencies:Lightning· Get inside. Avoid porches and over-hangs. Stay away from windows.· Stay off electronics that are hooked into a wall, including computer and cell phone.· Stay out of the shower, or other water sources.Tornado· On average, Kansas has 95 tornadoes per year. There has been as few as 17 tornadoes reported in 2020 and 190 in 2008.· The peak time for tornadoes in Kansas is April through June, often referred to as tornado season.· Tornadoes can occur any time of year and are solely dependent on atmospheric conditions.· A basement or lower level of the house – away from windows -- is always the safest spot to wait out a tornado warning.High winds· Kansas gets approximately 600 wind damage reports annually.· High winds – defined as those over 55 miles per hour – create problems not only by downing trees, but by making driving conditions and visibility more difficult.· As with tornadoes, the safest place during a wind storm is inside in a central location, away from windows.Hail· In an average year, there are more than 1,000 reports of hail in Kansas. Severe hail is defined as 1 inch or more in diameter.· One-inch hail can cause injury, damage to cars, and even damage house siding and roofs.Flooding· Know your proximity to a flood plain to determine your risk, know the low-lying areas and where water runs.· Away from home – and especially when driving – the risks due to flooding are much greater. On the road, the best advice is “turn around, don’t drown.”· Six inches of water can move a car effectively.· The road under the water may not be intact and could damage or disable your vehicleMore information about staying safe during many weather emergencies is available online from the National Weather Service.More information on Kansas weather conditions, including up-to-date forecasts, is available online from https://mesonet.k-state.edu/Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

KOERNER: Severe weather

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays Post

A group aiming to have a polling location placed on the Fort
Hay State University campus presented the Ellis County Clerk and Election
Officer with a list of more than 450 names in support of the initiative this
week.

Fort Hays State University student Madison Albers, from
Goodland, presented the list of 480 people who signed the petition to County
Clerk and Election Officer Bobbi Dreiling Tuesday afternoon.

Albers was joined
by Hays residents and Fort Hays State graduates Anna Towns and Anniston Weber, as
well as two representatives from the American Civil Liberties Union of Kansas.&nbsp;

In a letter to the editor in March, Albers argued&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aclukansas.org/en/publications/all-democracy-still-local">research shows that in Kansas, having more polling locations in a county has the highest correlation with voter turnout. Fewer voters per poll means a poll is less crowded, has shorter lines, and that voters have less average distance to travel</a>, she said.

Albers and McCord said in a June 2023 letter to the editor they had approached Dreiling about two locations for polling locations at FHSU. Dreiling expressed issues with accessibility at the Memorial Union and availability at Gross Memorial Coliseum.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/8ee55548-9bdd-4bc1-b153-779b4ead3926">LETTER: Hays residents back ACLU texts supporting FHSU polling location</a>

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/1fa3b93b-40fb-493c-ab10-6969085c9236">LETTER: Ellis County Clerk answers questions on polling locations</a>

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/17997478-c7b3-4601-a433-c8f9623b09da">LETTER: Students urge Ellis County Clerk to create FHSU polling site</a>

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/b41ff16d-5ac9-48bb-af4a-8e749624ead3">Changes announced to two Hays voting sites</a>

A Hays Post reporter was in the meeting when the petition was presented Tuesday. The two parties had little discussion on Tuesday. Dreiling declined to comment to the group and chose to look
over the petition before commenting to Hays Post later in the day on Tuesday.&nbsp;

She said she has seriously considered the group’s prior proposals
and has had several conversations with them, but as the Ellis County Election Officer, it is her job to represent all of the county's voters.

“I want to make it equally accessible for everybody that's
going to be voting, whether it be students or actual residents of Ellis County,”
Dreiling said. 

She added that the numbers do not show a need for an
additional polling location on campus.

According to Chief FHSU Communications Officer Scott Cason,
about 1,500 of the 3,600 students who attend classes on campus live on
the FHSU campus in Hays.

Dreiling said voter registration data shows fewer than 30
college students live in the dorms and are registered in Ellis County. Fewer
than 250 total registered voters live on campus and the surrounding area,
according to Dreiling.

A common misconception is that all students and staff
members would be able to cast their ballot at an on-campus location.

Voters have to vote in their precinct, which is determined by their address.

Only voters who live near the FHSU campus could cast a ballot at that location.

Dreiling said she has reached out to fellow county clerks
around that state for advice, and no other similar size college town offers on-campus
polling locations. That includes Washburn University in Topeka, Pittsburg State
University in Pittsburg and Emporia State University in Emporia.

Dreiling said the group that is pushing for the on-campus polling location has several times compared
voter turnout for Hays to Lawrence and the University of Kansas campus, but it
is not a fair comparison. 

If the on-campus population at FHSU was the size of the University
of Kansas, Dreiling said she would absolutely place a polling location on
campus.

The recent effort by students to have a polling location placed on campus is not new at FHSU. Dreiling said the attempts go back
the better part of three decades, and she has relied on the advice of the three
prior Ellis County clerks and other county clerks throughout the state when
making her decision.

“They're (the students) not seeing the big picture of the
feasibility and the economics of it,” Dreiling said. “I'm not doing it to spite
them. I'm doing it because not only myself but three prior clerks have all
turned them down, for good reason, and the feasibility of it, it's not there.”

Dreiling said if she chooses to make any changes, she may
consider re-opening the polling location at 601 Main St. 

That polling location, home to the Cottonwood Extension
District, was closed along with St. Michael’s Episcopal Church, 2900 Canal
Blvd., in Hays last May.

The 601 Main St. location was closed due to voter turnout of
less than 10 percent over the last eight elections.

St. Michael’s Episcopal Church was closed to
comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Messiah Lutheran Church, 2000
Main St., was chosen as its replacement.

Dreiling said re-opening a polling location at 601
Main St. would be consistent with the centrally located polling locations, allowing all voters to easily access the polls.

Dreiling said she would look over the petition but
was disappointed that it did not contain actual signatures or contact
information for those whose names were on it.

She said she hopes to be able to talk with those individuals,
like she has done throughout the process, who may have not heard both sides. That
includes conversations Dreiling has had with influential leaders
within the Fort Hays State and Hays communities.

While the majority of the people who signed the
petition said they are from Ellis County and are FHSU students, Dreiling said she has not heard from any other FHSU students outside of Albers and Grace McCord.

“I haven't had one student contact me, other than Madison
and Grace, that said we need a polling location on campus” Dreiling said. 

She added, other than Towns and Weber, “Not one resident of Ellis County, that's a
taxpayer, has contacted me to relocate their polling location to the college.” 

McCord and Albers served as co-coordinators of the American
Democracy Project at FHSU. 

Dreiling also took issue with a report from the ACLU that
presents incorrect voter turnout numbers.

The ACLU reported that the voter turnout rate in Ellis
County between 2022 and 2018 dropped by almost 8%, which
was among the highest in the state.

Those figures are inaccurate, according to the official post-canvas
voting report.

In the 2022 general election, voter turnout was 54.3% in Ellis County, with 10,612 of the 19,526 registered voters casting ballots. In
2018, 58.8% of the 17,800 registered voters in Ellis County voted.

That is a difference of 4.5% from 2022 to 2018, not
the previously reported 8%.

Leslie Butsch is a field director with the ACLU and was one
of the two representatives the group had at the meeting with Dreiling this week.
She said they are working on election reforms across the state of Kansas.

She said the nonprofit got involved in the Ellis County
issue after being contacted by residents who were in favor of the on-campus polling
location.

The ACLU has been actively running an advertising campaign
on several media outlets, including radio, social media, mailers and text blasts
urging residents to support the initiative.

Dreiling said she will continue to work with the FHSU
students. She already contacts them before advanced voting starts so they can
send out a campus alert. She has also offered to help with a voter registration
drive on campus but said the students have not yet responded to her offers. 

She also opened Saturday voting for the Presidential&nbsp; Preference Primary,
which resulted in an extremely low turnout. But she said that was expected.

Dreiling also said she encourages students and all other Ellis
County residents to participate in early voting at the Ellis County Administration Center, 718
Main St., starting two weeks before any election.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/17997478-c7b3-4601-a433-c8f9623b09da">LETTER: Students urge Ellis County Clerk to create FHSY polling site</a>

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays PostA group aiming to have a polling location placed on the Fort
Hay State University campus presented the Ellis County Clerk and Election
Officer with a list of more than 450 names in support of the initiative this
week.Fort Hays State University student Madison Albers, from
Goodland, presented the list of 480 people who signed the petition to County
Clerk and Election Officer Bobbi Dreiling Tuesday afternoon.Albers was joined
by Hays residents and Fort Hays State graduates Anna Towns and Anniston Weber, as
well as two representatives from the American Civil Liberties Union of Kansas.&nbsp;In a letter to the editor in March, Albers argued&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aclukansas.org/en/publications/all-democracy-still-local">research shows that in Kansas, having more polling locations in a county has the highest correlation with voter turnout. Fewer voters per poll means a poll is less crowded, has shorter lines, and that voters have less average distance to travel</a>, she said.Albers and McCord said in a June 2023 letter to the editor they had approached Dreiling about two locations for polling locations at FHSU. Dreiling expressed issues with accessibility at the Memorial Union and availability at Gross Memorial Coliseum.RELATED STORIES<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/8ee55548-9bdd-4bc1-b153-779b4ead3926">LETTER: Hays residents back ACLU texts supporting FHSU polling location</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/1fa3b93b-40fb-493c-ab10-6969085c9236">LETTER: Ellis County Clerk answers questions on polling locations</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/17997478-c7b3-4601-a433-c8f9623b09da">LETTER: Students urge Ellis County Clerk to create FHSU polling site</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/b41ff16d-5ac9-48bb-af4a-8e749624ead3">Changes announced to two Hays voting sites</a>A Hays Post reporter was in the meeting when the petition was presented Tuesday. The two parties had little discussion on Tuesday. Dreiling declined to comment to the group and chose to look
over the petition before commenting to Hays Post later in the day on Tuesday.&nbsp;She said she has seriously considered the group’s prior proposals
and has had several conversations with them, but as the Ellis County Election Officer, it is her job to represent all of the county's voters.“I want to make it equally accessible for everybody that's
going to be voting, whether it be students or actual residents of Ellis County,”
Dreiling said. She added that the numbers do not show a need for an
additional polling location on campus.According to Chief FHSU Communications Officer Scott Cason,
about 1,500 of the 3,600 students who attend classes on campus live on
the FHSU campus in Hays.Dreiling said voter registration data shows fewer than 30
college students live in the dorms and are registered in Ellis County. Fewer
than 250 total registered voters live on campus and the surrounding area,
according to Dreiling.A common misconception is that all students and staff
members would be able to cast their ballot at an on-campus location.Voters have to vote in their precinct, which is determined by their address.Only voters who live near the FHSU campus could cast a ballot at that location.Dreiling said she has reached out to fellow county clerks
around that state for advice, and no other similar size college town offers on-campus
polling locations. That includes Washburn University in Topeka, Pittsburg State
University in Pittsburg and Emporia State University in Emporia.Dreiling said the group that is pushing for the on-campus polling location has several times compared
voter turnout for Hays to Lawrence and the University of Kansas campus, but it
is not a fair comparison. If the on-campus population at FHSU was the size of the University
of Kansas, Dreiling said she would absolutely place a polling location on
campus.The recent effort by students to have a polling location placed on campus is not new at FHSU. Dreiling said the attempts go back
the better part of three decades, and she has relied on the advice of the three
prior Ellis County clerks and other county clerks throughout the state when
making her decision.“They're (the students) not seeing the big picture of the
feasibility and the economics of it,” Dreiling said. “I'm not doing it to spite
them. I'm doing it because not only myself but three prior clerks have all
turned them down, for good reason, and the feasibility of it, it's not there.”Dreiling said if she chooses to make any changes, she may
consider re-opening the polling location at 601 Main St. That polling location, home to the Cottonwood Extension
District, was closed along with St. Michael’s Episcopal Church, 2900 Canal
Blvd., in Hays last May.The 601 Main St. location was closed due to voter turnout of
less than 10 percent over the last eight elections.St. Michael’s Episcopal Church was closed to
comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Messiah Lutheran Church, 2000
Main St., was chosen as its replacement.Dreiling said re-opening a polling location at 601
Main St. would be consistent with the centrally located polling locations, allowing all voters to easily access the polls.Dreiling said she would look over the petition but
was disappointed that it did not contain actual signatures or contact
information for those whose names were on it.She said she hopes to be able to talk with those individuals,
like she has done throughout the process, who may have not heard both sides. That
includes conversations Dreiling has had with influential leaders
within the Fort Hays State and Hays communities.While the majority of the people who signed the
petition said they are from Ellis County and are FHSU students, Dreiling said she has not heard from any other FHSU students outside of Albers and Grace McCord.“I haven't had one student contact me, other than Madison
and Grace, that said we need a polling location on campus” Dreiling said. She added, other than Towns and Weber, “Not one resident of Ellis County, that's a
taxpayer, has contacted me to relocate their polling location to the college.” McCord and Albers served as co-coordinators of the American
Democracy Project at FHSU. Dreiling also took issue with a report from the ACLU that
presents incorrect voter turnout numbers.The ACLU reported that the voter turnout rate in Ellis
County between 2022 and 2018 dropped by almost 8%, which
was among the highest in the state.Those figures are inaccurate, according to the official post-canvas
voting report.In the 2022 general election, voter turnout was 54.3% in Ellis County, with 10,612 of the 19,526 registered voters casting ballots. In
2018, 58.8% of the 17,800 registered voters in Ellis County voted.That is a difference of 4.5% from 2022 to 2018, not
the previously reported 8%.Leslie Butsch is a field director with the ACLU and was one
of the two representatives the group had at the meeting with Dreiling this week.
She said they are working on election reforms across the state of Kansas.She said the nonprofit got involved in the Ellis County
issue after being contacted by residents who were in favor of the on-campus polling
location.The ACLU has been actively running an advertising campaign
on several media outlets, including radio, social media, mailers and text blasts
urging residents to support the initiative.Dreiling said she will continue to work with the FHSU
students. She already contacts them before advanced voting starts so they can
send out a campus alert. She has also offered to help with a voter registration
drive on campus but said the students have not yet responded to her offers. She also opened Saturday voting for the Presidential&nbsp; Preference Primary,
which resulted in an extremely low turnout. But she said that was expected.Dreiling also said she encourages students and all other Ellis
County residents to participate in early voting at the Ellis County Administration Center, 718
Main St., starting two weeks before any election.RELATED STORIES<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/8ee55548-9bdd-4bc1-b153-779b4ead3926">LETTER: Hays residents back ACLU texts supporting FHSU polling location</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/1fa3b93b-40fb-493c-ab10-6969085c9236">LETTER: Ellis County Clerk answers questions on polling locations</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/17997478-c7b3-4601-a433-c8f9623b09da">LETTER: Students urge Ellis County Clerk to create FHSY polling site</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/b41ff16d-5ac9-48bb-af4a-8e749624ead3">Changes announced to two Hays voting sites</a>

ACLU presents Ellis Co. Clerk petition; she says numbers don't show need for FHSU polling location

Falling is a serious concern for many older adults. With age, bones become fragile, and the risk of injury increases. Fall-related injuries can also result in decreased mobility and reduced independence. As the leading cause of death from injury, there is good reason why many people fear falling with age.

The risk of falling increases when we get older due to several factors such as the decline in senses and loss of muscle mass. Both of these can contribute to a lack of balance which many older adults struggle with. In fact, balance starts to decline as early as age 50 and reduced vision, strength, and flexibility can all play a part.

The good news is that there are proven ways to improve balance and reduce the risk of falling. Increasing strength, focusing on unilateral movements, improving flexibility, and concentrating on vestibular health can all help.

Strength training with dumbbells, resistance bands, or body weight can increase muscle mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Resistance exercises help build stabilizing muscles and increase the control of movement.

Unilateral movements also contribute to better balance by increasing the time spent on a single side of the body. These exercises focus on practicing balance and improving coordination while strengthening the body. Including unilateral movements such as walking, climbing stairs, riding a bike, or tai chi can help.

Flexibility training is another key component to improve posture and increase range of motion. When the body is tight, everyday tasks may seem difficult to complete. Bending over to tie shoes or reaching high into a cabinet can be challenging. However, yoga and daily stretching are two ways to work on flexibility that contribute to better balance.

Other factors that affect balance may not be as obvious. A prime example of this is a compromised vestibular system. This is an intricate structure that is located within the ears, and it relays information to the brain regarding orientation and motion. As a person ages, the vestibular system tends to decline and make balance more difficult. However, exercises that

stimulate the vestibular system produce information for the brain to interpret. With repetition, the brain can learn to process this information more accurately. These exercises can include slow movements of bending, turning the head, and stabilizing the eyes. A professional, such as a physical therapist or doctor can provide specific vestibular therapy.

As you can see, balance is complex. The brain interprets information from several senses through the eyes, muscles, and vestibular system to produce stability. When any of these systems are not functioning properly, balance can be compromised. So, it is crucial to focus on strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, and repairing vestibular health which can be extremely beneficial for improving balance and reducing the risk of falling.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictFalling is a serious concern for many older adults. With age, bones become fragile, and the risk of injury increases. Fall-related injuries can also result in decreased mobility and reduced independence. As the leading cause of death from injury, there is good reason why many people fear falling with age.The risk of falling increases when we get older due to several factors such as the decline in senses and loss of muscle mass. Both of these can contribute to a lack of balance which many older adults struggle with. In fact, balance starts to decline as early as age 50 and reduced vision, strength, and flexibility can all play a part.The good news is that there are proven ways to improve balance and reduce the risk of falling. Increasing strength, focusing on unilateral movements, improving flexibility, and concentrating on vestibular health can all help.Strength training with dumbbells, resistance bands, or body weight can increase muscle mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Resistance exercises help build stabilizing muscles and increase the control of movement.Unilateral movements also contribute to better balance by increasing the time spent on a single side of the body. These exercises focus on practicing balance and improving coordination while strengthening the body. Including unilateral movements such as walking, climbing stairs, riding a bike, or tai chi can help.Flexibility training is another key component to improve posture and increase range of motion. When the body is tight, everyday tasks may seem difficult to complete. Bending over to tie shoes or reaching high into a cabinet can be challenging. However, yoga and daily stretching are two ways to work on flexibility that contribute to better balance.Other factors that affect balance may not be as obvious. A prime example of this is a compromised vestibular system. This is an intricate structure that is located within the ears, and it relays information to the brain regarding orientation and motion. As a person ages, the vestibular system tends to decline and make balance more difficult. However, exercises thatstimulate the vestibular system produce information for the brain to interpret. With repetition, the brain can learn to process this information more accurately. These exercises can include slow movements of bending, turning the head, and stabilizing the eyes. A professional, such as a physical therapist or doctor can provide specific vestibular therapy.As you can see, balance is complex. The brain interprets information from several senses through the eyes, muscles, and vestibular system to produce stability. When any of these systems are not functioning properly, balance can be compromised. So, it is crucial to focus on strengthening muscles, improving flexibility, and repairing vestibular health which can be extremely beneficial for improving balance and reducing the risk of falling.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Reduce the risk of falling with better balance

I work with a great team! Actually, I work with great teams on many levels.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictI work with a great team! Actually, I work with great teams on many levels.Locally, our Cottonwood Extension District works together to provide programming in agriculture, family and community wellness, and youth development. We look for ways to support each other’s programs in many ways from sharing resources, listening and providing feedback, and in practical ways such as helping make packets or assisting with registrations.Across the state, I work with a great team of 4-H Youth Development agents to dive into research, plan events, and explore better ways to develop volunteers, provide community club and project resources, and support each other’s professional development.Statewide, I am a part of a coaching team for new agents and this part of my responsibilities is extremely gratifying to see new agents grow and develop their own skills and networks. Last summer, I traveled farther than usual to judge at several county fairs because those fairs were being planned and coordinated by new agents; we all know how nice it is to see a familiar and supporting team member when things are stressful!A few weeks ago, our family suffered a significant health event. I can’t express how heart-warming it is to know that agents in my district stepped in to manage phone calls and events while giving me space to work remotely for a bit. Additionally, agents across the state checked in to see where they could offer very practical support. 4-H families, school partners, and community members extended grace while reiterating that my priority needed to be with family for a bit.I’ve worked in several different careers and with lots of different teams – some more supportive than others. If you work with a team that has your back, be sure to show them some appreciation. If you don’t work for a team like that, what can YOU do to set an example, to impact the work culture, to show others that you care about them beyond their 8-5 value?Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.