When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an ideal situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.

Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted-use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.

Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.

Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.

All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait for further delay applications to wait for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1162.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an ideal situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted-use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait for further delay applications to wait for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1162.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

Campbell: Considerations for weed control following wheat harvest

By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood District

Do you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.

1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.

2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.

3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.

As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle.

 So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).

1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood DistrictDo you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle. So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Summertime sleeplessness

By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood District

Hearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.

The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.

“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”

Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.

“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.

Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.

“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”

He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.

And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.

“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.

“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”

To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.

“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.

Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.

“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.

More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood DistrictHearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.So how is empathy developed?“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Help young children develop empathy

On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District agents Monique Koerner and Tamara Robertson discuss the 2023 Ellis County Fair.

<div><iframe title="Ellis County Fair preparations underway" allowtransparency="true" height="450" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=2hi39-1441672-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=3267a3&size=450" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District agents Monique Koerner and Tamara Robertson discuss the 2023 Ellis County Fair.

🎙 Post Podcast: Ellis County Fair preparations underway

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

This week I had several of our 4-H Ambassadors assist me in preparing some publicity for the Barton County Fair. Natalie Williams and the Barton Country 4-H Ambassadors invite you to check out "Country Pride, County Wide at the Barton County Fair" happening July 5-9.

You can check out the full schedule for our many upcoming activities at the Barton County Fair at <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/">bartoncountyfair.com</a>.

Pre-fair events start with the fashion revue, fiber arts, and clothing construction judging on June 29. Jayla Wyant hopes that you will check out the results from these events during the fair dates July 5-9. We have a lot of creative 4-H members who have learned new skills all year and look forward sharing them with you.

Jonas Kern is one of the Barton County 4-H Ambassadors and reminds you that much of the 4-H judging will be completed on Wednesday, July 5th, and in the evening, we’ll hold our annual youth rally in the ring in Expo III. Thursday, July 6, we’ll start off our day with the Business Appreciation Breakfast and Chamber Coffee. All are welcome, and be sure to check out all of the great foods, photography, woodworking, entomology exhibits and much more.

Livestock shows are a regular part of many county fairs. Parker Dicks and the Barton County Ambassadors invite you to check out the swine show on Thursday at 9 a.m., horse halter classes on Thursday at 3 p.m., bucket calf show on Thursday at 6 p.m., the sheep and goat show on Friday at starting at 8 a.m., the beef show on Friday at 5 p.m., and the horse show on Saturday at 8 a.m.. Round Robin is an event where the top showman of each species compete against one another for the overall best showman or woman. Round Robin has been moved to Saturday, July 8 at 4 p.m.

As the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Agent in Barton County I want to say thank you to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! We also want to express our appreciation to the fair and award sponsors.

Come share our Country Pride, County Wide July 5th -9th at the Barton County Fair!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis week I had several of our 4-H Ambassadors assist me in preparing some publicity for the Barton County Fair. Natalie Williams and the Barton Country 4-H Ambassadors invite you to check out "Country Pride, County Wide at the Barton County Fair" happening July 5-9.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687551665761.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure> You can check out the full schedule for our many upcoming activities at the Barton County Fair at <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/">bartoncountyfair.com</a>.Pre-fair events start with the fashion revue, fiber arts, and clothing construction judging on June 29. Jayla Wyant hopes that you will check out the results from these events during the fair dates July 5-9. We have a lot of creative 4-H members who have learned new skills all year and look forward sharing them with you.Jonas Kern is one of the Barton County 4-H Ambassadors and reminds you that much of the 4-H judging will be completed on Wednesday, July 5th, and in the evening, we’ll hold our annual youth rally in the ring in Expo III. Thursday, July 6, we’ll start off our day with the Business Appreciation Breakfast and Chamber Coffee. All are welcome, and be sure to check out all of the great foods, photography, woodworking, entomology exhibits and much more.Livestock shows are a regular part of many county fairs. Parker Dicks and the Barton County Ambassadors invite you to check out the swine show on Thursday at 9 a.m., horse halter classes on Thursday at 3 p.m., bucket calf show on Thursday at 6 p.m., the sheep and goat show on Friday at starting at 8 a.m., the beef show on Friday at 5 p.m., and the horse show on Saturday at 8 a.m.. Round Robin is an event where the top showman of each species compete against one another for the overall best showman or woman. Round Robin has been moved to Saturday, July 8 at 4 p.m.As the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Agent in Barton County I want to say thank you to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! We also want to express our appreciation to the fair and award sponsors.Come share our Country Pride, County Wide July 5th -9th at the Barton County Fair!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: It’s just about fair week in Barton County

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

There is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.

In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience.

First, make sure everything is working properly. 

Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Handwashing is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. 

Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. 

Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. 

The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.

As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.

After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.

Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.

And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. 

These are some questions to ask yourself:

• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.

• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.

• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.

Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThere is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience.First, make sure everything is working properly. Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Handwashing is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. These are some questions to ask yourself:• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Tips for safe canning

Battle of the Businesses 2023 went from June 5th to June 16th to fill the food pantry at First Call for Help,607 E. 13th, Hays.

Each business oversaw promoting themselves any way they chose. They could post on social medias, do radio advertisements, and some even did promotional deals.

The top overall contributor was Simply Charmed of downtown Hays, owned by Sarah Cearley-Windholz.&nbsp; Simply Charmed received and donated 444 non-expired/non-perishable goods. Goods were anything from canned veggies and meats to cereal or condiments. The items differed vastly which is great for our food pantry. Our pantry was VERY empty and now it’s full for the first time in years!

St. Joseph’s Church has a food pantry, in the building that was previously Kennedy Middle School,  that supplies us with food boxes each month. When a family or individual comes in and needs a food box, we grab one and then we add many items from our pantry to help and fill the box in its entirety. It is a great system that we use, and we are thankful to be able to help so many out with food each month. 

Battle of the Businesses 2023 brought in 1,937 donated food items!

 Second place contributor was Hays Recreation Commission. The employee that headed it there was Haley Nixon. The Hays Rec donated 390 items. 

Third place contributor was Early Childhood Connections. The employee that was in charge of their participation there was Michelle Dannels. Early Childhood Connections donated 236 items. 

Other businesses that participated were: Cottonwood Extension District office of K-State Research and Extension, Eagle Communications, Gone Logo Screen Printing &amp; Embroidery, Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau, Hess Services, Nex-Tech Wireless, Styles Dance Centre, and The ARC of Central Plains. 

We are SO grateful for all the businesses that participated, and we hope to have even more involvement next year!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687446505779.jpeg" alt="Macey Pfeifer, First Call for Help executive director, awards the first place Battle of the Businesses trophy to Sarah Cearley-Windholz, owner of Simply Charmed. Courtesy photo&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Macey Pfeifer, First Call for Help executive director, awards the first place Battle of the Businesses trophy to Sarah Cearley-Windholz, owner of Simply Charmed. Courtesy photo&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedBattle of the Businesses 2023 went from June 5th to June 16th to fill the food pantry at First Call for Help,607 E. 13th, Hays.Each business oversaw promoting themselves any way they chose. They could post on social medias, do radio advertisements, and some even did promotional deals.The top overall contributor was Simply Charmed of downtown Hays, owned by Sarah Cearley-Windholz.&nbsp; Simply Charmed received and donated 444 non-expired/non-perishable goods. Goods were anything from canned veggies and meats to cereal or condiments. The items differed vastly which is great for our food pantry. Our pantry was VERY empty and now it’s full for the first time in years!<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687447268734.jpeg" alt="The food pantry shelves are filled at First Call for Help after the Battle of the Businesses contest. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>The food pantry shelves are filled at First Call for Help after the Battle of the Businesses contest. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>St. Joseph’s Church has a food pantry, in the building that was previously Kennedy Middle School, that supplies us with food boxes each month. When a family or individual comes in and needs a food box, we grab one and then we add many items from our pantry to help and fill the box in its entirety. It is a great system that we use, and we are thankful to be able to help so many out with food each month. Battle of the Businesses 2023 brought in 1,937 donated food items!<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687446650746.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure> Second place contributor was Hays Recreation Commission. The employee that headed it there was Haley Nixon. The Hays Rec donated 390 items. Third place contributor was Early Childhood Connections. The employee that was in charge of their participation there was Michelle Dannels. Early Childhood Connections donated 236 items. Other businesses that participated were: Cottonwood Extension District office of K-State Research and Extension, Eagle Communications, Gone Logo Screen Printing &amp; Embroidery, Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau, Hess Services, Nex-Tech Wireless, Styles Dance Centre, and The ARC of Central Plains. We are SO grateful for all the businesses that participated, and we hope to have even more involvement next year!

First Call for Help's Battle of the Businesses brings in 1,937 food items  

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.

“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.

She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.

Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.

If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.

“The importance of compaction cannot be overstated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.

Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.

This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html</a>.

More information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. 

To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”, type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link:&nbsp;<a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/"> https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu</a>

To find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html</a> or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="&nbsp;Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>&nbsp;Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.<div><iframe width="745" height="419" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mIp_-DzQqj0" title="Pond Restoration" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.“The importance of compaction cannot be overstated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html</a>.More information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”, type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link:&nbsp;<a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/"> https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu</a>To find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html</a> or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Dry weather provides chance to clean, compact farm ponds

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

What is blood sugar and why is it important? Blood sugar (glucose) refers to the amount of simple sugar moving through your body at any given time. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream for fuel. When your blood sugar goes up, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Think of insulin as a key to let the blood sugar into the cells of your body for energy.

Some people have, or may develop, a chronic and long-lasting health condition called diabetes that affects how their body turns food into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin, or can’t use it as well as it should, and too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time, serious health problems can develop such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.

You have probably heard of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Those who have type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to survive. Usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly, and no one knows how to prevent it.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common and is usually diagnosed in adults, although now more and more in children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. The key message about type 2 diabetes, is that it can be delayed, or even prevented, with a lifestyle that includes healthy eating and physical activity.

The benefits of physical activity can’t be overstated for people who have diabetes or are at risk for developing diabetes and other chronic diseases. Exercise can help you lose weight and maintain a healthy weight. Added benefits for those with diabetes is that exercise lowers blood sugar levels and boosts your sensitivity to insulin, which helps keep blood sugar within a normal range.

Here are specific recommendations for those with, and at risk for, diabetes:

• Aerobic exercise. Get at least 30 minutes (more is better) of moderate/vigorous exercise — like brisk walking, swimming, biking, or running — on most days for a minimum of 150 minutes/week.

• Include resistance exercises to increase strength, balance, and the ability to maintain an active life. These include lifting weights, stretching, using resistance bands, and bodyweight exercises.

• Limit inactivity. Breaking up bouts of inactivity can help control blood sugar levels. Make sure you stand, walk, or do some light activity every 30 minutes during the day. Use an app or alarm to nudge you to move regularly, stand or move during commercials when watching TV, and take frequent stretch breaks when driving long distances or traveling.

In addition, about 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. have prediabetes, meaning their blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes is real, it is common, and most importantly, it is reversible with simple, proven lifestyle changes. Most people don’t know they have it. Could this be you? 

Learn more about diabetes at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html">www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo.</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District What is blood sugar and why is it important? Blood sugar (glucose) refers to the amount of simple sugar moving through your body at any given time. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream for fuel. When your blood sugar goes up, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Think of insulin as a key to let the blood sugar into the cells of your body for energy.Some people have, or may develop, a chronic and long-lasting health condition called diabetes that affects how their body turns food into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin, or can’t use it as well as it should, and too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time, serious health problems can develop such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.You have probably heard of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Those who have type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to survive. Usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly, and no one knows how to prevent it.Type 2 diabetes is the most common and is usually diagnosed in adults, although now more and more in children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. The key message about type 2 diabetes, is that it can be delayed, or even prevented, with a lifestyle that includes healthy eating and physical activity.The benefits of physical activity can’t be overstated for people who have diabetes or are at risk for developing diabetes and other chronic diseases. Exercise can help you lose weight and maintain a healthy weight. Added benefits for those with diabetes is that exercise lowers blood sugar levels and boosts your sensitivity to insulin, which helps keep blood sugar within a normal range.Here are specific recommendations for those with, and at risk for, diabetes:• Aerobic exercise. Get at least 30 minutes (more is better) of moderate/vigorous exercise — like brisk walking, swimming, biking, or running — on most days for a minimum of 150 minutes/week.• Include resistance exercises to increase strength, balance, and the ability to maintain an active life. These include lifting weights, stretching, using resistance bands, and bodyweight exercises.• Limit inactivity. Breaking up bouts of inactivity can help control blood sugar levels. Make sure you stand, walk, or do some light activity every 30 minutes during the day. Use an app or alarm to nudge you to move regularly, stand or move during commercials when watching TV, and take frequent stretch breaks when driving long distances or traveling.In addition, about 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. have prediabetes, meaning their blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes is real, it is common, and most importantly, it is reversible with simple, proven lifestyle changes. Most people don’t know they have it. Could this be you? Learn more about diabetes at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html">www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html</a>.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Exercise and your blood sugar

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension Agent

This past week I had the opportunity to attend 4-H Discovery Days and chaperone five of our Cottonwood-Barton 4-H youth!

Since 1923, 4-H youth from across the state have traveled to participate in one of the largest Kansas 4-H events. 4-H Discovery Days, formerly know as 4-H Round-Up, is an opportunity for older youth of Kansas to join together as they develop their interests in personal growth, career exploration, leadership and citizenship.

Youth participate in a variety of classes and part of the experience is learning to navigate to different buildings on campus and staying in a dorm. Some of the classes are fun such as ATV Safety and Chuckwagon Cooking while others focus on career paths such as Animal Reproduction, Agronomy, or the Physician’s Assistant Program.

This year also had a focus on the Health as the fourth H in 4-H as community conversations were facilitated about needs and direction of a health curriculum from the nearly 200 youth participants. Additionally, youth completed the Clifton Strengths survey and had an instructor from the Staley School of Leadership at K-State to facilitate a discussion about how they can best leverage their strengths and develop these areas to their best advantage. Many businesses use this for individual and team development so it was neat to see our youth receive an introduction to this program.

For the second year, Emerald Circle was held during Discovery Days. This event celebrated the 2022 State Project Award winners! The winners, their parents, and many thoughtful donors to the Kansas 4-H Foundation enjoyed a banquet and then all of the youth joined them for presentation of the awards and a keynote address by Dan Meers, also known as KC Wolf. One of Dan’s statements that resonated with me is to live each day with character, with purpose, and with passion. I hope that is what I help instill in our 4-H youth every day.

One of my favorite moments was at the end of Discovery Days when I was visiting with one of our administrators and introduced the Cottonwood youth to him. His interest in their futures was evident and he quickly introduced them to several others faculty who may be helpful in their next steps!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension AgentThis past week I had the opportunity to attend 4-H Discovery Days and chaperone five of our Cottonwood-Barton 4-H youth!Since 1923, 4-H youth from across the state have traveled to participate in one of the largest Kansas 4-H events. 4-H Discovery Days, formerly know as 4-H Round-Up, is an opportunity for older youth of Kansas to join together as they develop their interests in personal growth, career exploration, leadership and citizenship.Youth participate in a variety of classes and part of the experience is learning to navigate to different buildings on campus and staying in a dorm. Some of the classes are fun such as ATV Safety and Chuckwagon Cooking while others focus on career paths such as Animal Reproduction, Agronomy, or the Physician’s Assistant Program.This year also had a focus on the Health as the fourth H in 4-H as community conversations were facilitated about needs and direction of a health curriculum from the nearly 200 youth participants. Additionally, youth completed the Clifton Strengths survey and had an instructor from the Staley School of Leadership at K-State to facilitate a discussion about how they can best leverage their strengths and develop these areas to their best advantage. Many businesses use this for individual and team development so it was neat to see our youth receive an introduction to this program.For the second year, Emerald Circle was held during Discovery Days. This event celebrated the 2022 State Project Award winners! The winners, their parents, and many thoughtful donors to the Kansas 4-H Foundation enjoyed a banquet and then all of the youth joined them for presentation of the awards and a keynote address by Dan Meers, also known as KC Wolf. One of Dan’s statements that resonated with me is to live each day with character, with purpose, and with passion. I hope that is what I help instill in our 4-H youth every day.One of my favorite moments was at the end of Discovery Days when I was visiting with one of our administrators and introduced the Cottonwood youth to him. His interest in their futures was evident and he quickly introduced them to several others faculty who may be helpful in their next steps!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 4-H Discovery Days

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays Post

Despite recent rains, a significant drought continues to
grip the region, and the result could be one of the smallest wheat harvests in decades.

According to a recent report from the United State
Department of Agriculture (USDA), 65 percent of the wheat in Kansas is considered to
be in either poor or very poor condition.

The USDA’s Wheat Outlook for May showed that approximately
48 percent of the winter wheat-producing region of the United States is currently
experiencing drought. The western two-thirds of Kansas is considered one of the
major wheat-producing regions in the US., and Kansas is the second biggest producer
of wheat in the US.

K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District
Agriculture Agent Stacy Campbell said the ongoing drought has already had a
significant impact on wheat crops in Kansas. 

“That's why there are quite a few acres that aren't going to
be harvested, and then the ones that are, it's going to be below the county
average,” Campbell said. 

In its May report, the USDA said Kansas farmers are projected
to give up or destroy about 19 percent of this year’s planted wheat crop because of
the condition and the low yields, something Campbell said he continues to see
in Ellis County.

One of those farmers is Nathan Leiker. Leiker, who farms in Ellis
and Rush counties, said they planted a little more than 2,000 acres of wheat last
fall. An increase from a typical year. 

He said they have already destroyed half of this year’s crop.
Leaving his farm with approximately 1,000 acres of wheat.

Leiker said in talking with area crop adjusters and other
farmers, he believes as much as 50 to 55 percent of the wheat crop could end up being
destroyed this year in Ellis County.

He also thinks this year’s wheat harvest could be
the smallest in decades. 

Leiker called the 2012 harvest a “light” year but said
he cannot remember a year where they destroyed the amount of acres they have
this year.

In its May 12 Crop Production report, the National
Agricultural Statistics Service said Kansas’ production is expected to be 191.4
million bushels, which would equal the lowest since 1963.

The USDA says Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Colorado are all anticipated
to have a historically low ratio for the number of acres planted to the number
of acres harvested.

For Leiker, it’s the second failed crop in a row after last
year’s corn crop. 

He also said the drought and the late freeze have himself
and other farmers worried about the quality of wheat they will have left over
to use as seed wheat for next year.

Both Leiker and Campbell said some of the region has
benefited from the spotty rains last fall and again this spring.

Leiker said some areas that received rain in September are
going to see a marginal crop, but “without that rain, the crop is going to be
very minimal.”

Campbell said the recent rains have helped.

“Ideally, it needed to come earlier to be of huge benefit,”
Campbell said. “But I think this last little bit of moisture and cooler weather
on some of the wheat that is still out there, it could have benefitted it
some.”

Campbell said some farmers have been able to turn their
cattle out on the failed wheat. But Leiker called that just a band-aid.&nbsp;

The drought is also having an impact on the available acres of grassland to graze cattle and the lack of available hay.

Some combines were already seen rolling in southeast and southcentral Kansas over the weekend, and Leiker said he anticipates harvest will start about normal time in Ellis County, the last 10 days of June, weather permitting.

The recent rains have allowed spring planting to get off to
a good start.

Leiker said conditions couldn’t be any better and that it’s “a
good start but need mother nature to finish it out.”

He also added that the recent round of showers the region is
experiencing gives him, “hope.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578950736982.jpeg" alt="File photo" />
 <figcaption>File photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays PostDespite recent rains, a significant drought continues to
grip the region, and the result could be one of the smallest wheat harvests in decades.According to a recent report from the United State
Department of Agriculture (USDA), 65 percent of the wheat in Kansas is considered to
be in either poor or very poor condition.The USDA’s Wheat Outlook for May showed that approximately
48 percent of the winter wheat-producing region of the United States is currently
experiencing drought. The western two-thirds of Kansas is considered one of the
major wheat-producing regions in the US., and Kansas is the second biggest producer
of wheat in the US.K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District
Agriculture Agent Stacy Campbell said the ongoing drought has already had a
significant impact on wheat crops in Kansas. “That's why there are quite a few acres that aren't going to
be harvested, and then the ones that are, it's going to be below the county
average,” Campbell said. In its May report, the USDA said Kansas farmers are projected
to give up or destroy about 19 percent of this year’s planted wheat crop because of
the condition and the low yields, something Campbell said he continues to see
in Ellis County.One of those farmers is Nathan Leiker. Leiker, who farms in Ellis
and Rush counties, said they planted a little more than 2,000 acres of wheat last
fall. An increase from a typical year. He said they have already destroyed half of this year’s crop.
Leaving his farm with approximately 1,000 acres of wheat.Leiker said in talking with area crop adjusters and other
farmers, he believes as much as 50 to 55 percent of the wheat crop could end up being
destroyed this year in Ellis County.He also thinks this year’s wheat harvest could be
the smallest in decades. Leiker called the 2012 harvest a “light” year but said
he cannot remember a year where they destroyed the amount of acres they have
this year.In its May 12 Crop Production report, the National
Agricultural Statistics Service said Kansas’ production is expected to be 191.4
million bushels, which would equal the lowest since 1963.The USDA says Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Colorado are all anticipated
to have a historically low ratio for the number of acres planted to the number
of acres harvested.For Leiker, it’s the second failed crop in a row after last
year’s corn crop. He also said the drought and the late freeze have himself
and other farmers worried about the quality of wheat they will have left over
to use as seed wheat for next year.Both Leiker and Campbell said some of the region has
benefited from the spotty rains last fall and again this spring.Leiker said some areas that received rain in September are
going to see a marginal crop, but “without that rain, the crop is going to be
very minimal.”Campbell said the recent rains have helped.“Ideally, it needed to come earlier to be of huge benefit,”
Campbell said. “But I think this last little bit of moisture and cooler weather
on some of the wheat that is still out there, it could have benefitted it
some.”Campbell said some farmers have been able to turn their
cattle out on the failed wheat. But Leiker called that just a band-aid.&nbsp;The drought is also having an impact on the available acres of grassland to graze cattle and the lack of available hay.Some combines were already seen rolling in southeast and southcentral Kansas over the weekend, and Leiker said he anticipates harvest will start about normal time in Ellis County, the last 10 days of June, weather permitting.The recent rains have allowed spring planting to get off to
a good start.Leiker said conditions couldn’t be any better and that it’s “a
good start but need mother nature to finish it out.”He also added that the recent round of showers the region is
experiencing gives him, “hope.”

Drought gripping western Kansas wheat crop

In many areas of Kansas, prolonged drought has resulted in short wheat and thin stands. Harvesting wheat in these situations can be a challenge. Special attention needs to be given to cutting height, machine adjustments, and operator control. In short wheat, getting the heads into the combine with less straw will be a challenge. In some cases, the reel may not be able to effectively convey the wheat back from the cutter bar to the auger, nor hold it in place during cutting. Short cutting will also mean more contact potential with the ground and reduced levels of surface residue which will likely negatively impact moisture storage.

In the case of material conveyance, stripper headers, air reels, and draper headers may be a great help. The information in this article has been condensed considerably, for the full article go to our web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.edu

Stripper headers - Stripper headers allow the grain to be harvested efficiently while leaving the maximum amount of standing residue in the field. Research has shown that this preservation of wheat residue can reduce evaporative losses of water after harvest, aid in the moisture retention of snow, and improve the yields of next year’s crop.

Air reels - Air reels will also aid in the material conveyance from the cutter bar to the auger in reel-type units when crops are light or thin. These units are made in several different types including finger air reels, non-reel, and units that fit over existing reels. Examples of manufacturers are Crary (West Fargo, ND) and AWS (Mitchell, Ontario Canada).

Draper headers and flex heads - Draper headers may help with the conveyance of material since they have a very short distance between the cutterbar the conveyance belt. The ability to tip the cutterbar completely back will aid in keeping harvested crop material moving across the cutter bar and onto the belt as well as ensuring some stubble remains standing on the soil surface.

Flex heads will also help deal with the lower cutting heights and potential ground strikes. In thin wheat stands, it is even more important that sickles and guards are in good condition as there is less crop material pushing into the cutting area, which would normally help ensure cutting by worn sickles and guards.

If harvesting with a draper or flex header, maintain the cutting height as high as possible to preserve standing stubble. Typically, cutting wheat at two-thirds of its full height will result in losses of less than 0.5 percent as any missed heads contain light weight grain that will be lost as tailings during the harvesting process.

Conventional headers - For many farmers, new equipment may not be an economical choice and you may have to make do with a conventional head on your combine. In this case, adjust the reel to get the best movement of the heads from the cutter bar to the auger.

Combine adjustments - In addition to material conveyance and cutting height, lower yields and uneven crop flow may also require performing combine adjustments to the concave/rotor cage clearance, cylinder/rotor speed, and fan speed. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Summary -Although this will be a rough wheat harvest for many farmers, some changes can be made to help maximize harvest efficiencies. If you have ever wanted to try an alternate header (stripper, flex-draper, etc.), this may be the year for you. For those not wanting to buy, renting may also be a viable option.

Producers in dryland production systems need to keep in mind that in very low-yielding wheat years, anything that can be done to preserve what little crop residue is present will have large impacts on evaporative losses and productivity of the next crop.

Information provided by Lucas Haag, NW Area crops specialist and Ajay Sharda, Extension agricultural engineer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell, K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell, K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>In many areas of Kansas, prolonged drought has resulted in short wheat and thin stands. Harvesting wheat in these situations can be a challenge. Special attention needs to be given to cutting height, machine adjustments, and operator control. In short wheat, getting the heads into the combine with less straw will be a challenge. In some cases, the reel may not be able to effectively convey the wheat back from the cutter bar to the auger, nor hold it in place during cutting. Short cutting will also mean more contact potential with the ground and reduced levels of surface residue which will likely negatively impact moisture storage.In the case of material conveyance, stripper headers, air reels, and draper headers may be a great help. The information in this article has been condensed considerably, for the full article go to our web site at www.cottonwood.ksu.eduStripper headers - Stripper headers allow the grain to be harvested efficiently while leaving the maximum amount of standing residue in the field. Research has shown that this preservation of wheat residue can reduce evaporative losses of water after harvest, aid in the moisture retention of snow, and improve the yields of next year’s crop.Air reels - Air reels will also aid in the material conveyance from the cutter bar to the auger in reel-type units when crops are light or thin. These units are made in several different types including finger air reels, non-reel, and units that fit over existing reels. Examples of manufacturers are Crary (West Fargo, ND) and AWS (Mitchell, Ontario Canada).Draper headers and flex heads - Draper headers may help with the conveyance of material since they have a very short distance between the cutterbar the conveyance belt. The ability to tip the cutterbar completely back will aid in keeping harvested crop material moving across the cutter bar and onto the belt as well as ensuring some stubble remains standing on the soil surface.Flex heads will also help deal with the lower cutting heights and potential ground strikes. In thin wheat stands, it is even more important that sickles and guards are in good condition as there is less crop material pushing into the cutting area, which would normally help ensure cutting by worn sickles and guards.If harvesting with a draper or flex header, maintain the cutting height as high as possible to preserve standing stubble. Typically, cutting wheat at two-thirds of its full height will result in losses of less than 0.5 percent as any missed heads contain light weight grain that will be lost as tailings during the harvesting process.Conventional headers - For many farmers, new equipment may not be an economical choice and you may have to make do with a conventional head on your combine. In this case, adjust the reel to get the best movement of the heads from the cutter bar to the auger.Combine adjustments - In addition to material conveyance and cutting height, lower yields and uneven crop flow may also require performing combine adjustments to the concave/rotor cage clearance, cylinder/rotor speed, and fan speed. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.Summary -Although this will be a rough wheat harvest for many farmers, some changes can be made to help maximize harvest efficiencies. If you have ever wanted to try an alternate header (stripper, flex-draper, etc.), this may be the year for you. For those not wanting to buy, renting may also be a viable option.Producers in dryland production systems need to keep in mind that in very low-yielding wheat years, anything that can be done to preserve what little crop residue is present will have large impacts on evaporative losses and productivity of the next crop.Information provided by Lucas Haag, NW Area crops specialist and Ajay Sharda, Extension agricultural engineer.

CAMPBELL: Considerations when harvesting short wheat

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension Dist. Agent

Cropping options to follow an early terminated wheat crop could be similar to those for full-season crops. At this point in the season, viable crop options are still corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and feed/hay crops.

Regardless of which crop you choose to plant, weed control will likely be needed. Despite insufficient precipitation to produce a crop, many fields will still have emerged weeds and all fields will have a weed seed bank likely to emerge and compete with the summer crop. In addition, any remaining wheat will need to be terminated. Burndown of summer annual weeds present at planting is essential for successful double-cropping. 

Glyphosate will be effective for terminating wheat, but if glyphosate-resistant kochia and/or pigweeds are present, alternative treatments such as paraquat may be required.

General agronomic considerations, herbicide carryover, and weed management are fully addressed in the full length article on our K-State Agronomy eUpdate electronic newsletter. Also you can subscribe to this weekly newsletter, it only takes a minute to subscribe and K-State Research &amp; Extension does not share your email with anyone. 

To subscribe https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php Or just type into your internet browser K-State Agronomy eUpdates.

Cover Crops - Less information is available regarding the herbicide carryover potential of wheat herbicides to cover crops. There is little or no mention of rotational restrictions for specific cover crops on the labels of most herbicides. However, this does not mean there are no restrictions. 

Generally, there will be a statement indicating “no other crops” should be planted for a specified amount of time, or that a bioassay must be conducted before planting the crop. A bioassay is a fancy word meaning you simply take about 2 to 3 inches of top soil from field(s) in question and place the soil in some type of shallow container. Then plant at least 10 or more seeds of the intended crop to be planted, water and place in sunlight and see if the seed comes up and lives.

For more detailed information about herbicides, see the “2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf or come by the Cottonwood Extension Offices in Great Bend, 3007 10th Street or Hays, 601 Main Street, for a paper copy.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell, Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension Dist. AgentCropping options to follow an early terminated wheat crop could be similar to those for full-season crops. At this point in the season, viable crop options are still corn, soybeans, grain sorghum and feed/hay crops.Regardless of which crop you choose to plant, weed control will likely be needed. Despite insufficient precipitation to produce a crop, many fields will still have emerged weeds and all fields will have a weed seed bank likely to emerge and compete with the summer crop. In addition, any remaining wheat will need to be terminated. Burndown of summer annual weeds present at planting is essential for successful double-cropping. Glyphosate will be effective for terminating wheat, but if glyphosate-resistant kochia and/or pigweeds are present, alternative treatments such as paraquat may be required.General agronomic considerations, herbicide carryover, and weed management are fully addressed in the full length article on our K-State Agronomy eUpdate electronic newsletter. Also you can subscribe to this weekly newsletter, it only takes a minute to subscribe and K-State Research &amp; Extension does not share your email with anyone. To subscribe https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php Or just type into your internet browser K-State Agronomy eUpdates.Cover Crops - Less information is available regarding the herbicide carryover potential of wheat herbicides to cover crops. There is little or no mention of rotational restrictions for specific cover crops on the labels of most herbicides. However, this does not mean there are no restrictions. Generally, there will be a statement indicating “no other crops” should be planted for a specified amount of time, or that a bioassay must be conducted before planting the crop. A bioassay is a fancy word meaning you simply take about 2 to 3 inches of top soil from field(s) in question and place the soil in some type of shallow container. Then plant at least 10 or more seeds of the intended crop to be planted, water and place in sunlight and see if the seed comes up and lives.For more detailed information about herbicides, see the “2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/CHEMWEEDGUIDE.pdf or come by the Cottonwood Extension Offices in Great Bend, 3007 10th Street or Hays, 601 Main Street, for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Crop options after early terminated wheat

The races for the Victoria and Hays school boards are
shaping up to be extremely competitive this fall with at least 10 candidates vying for four seats on both school boards.

According to the Ellis County Election office, there were 11
people filed for four at-large seats on the USD 432 Victoria school board and 10
people filed to run for four seats on the USD 489 school board by the noon deadline on Thursday, June 1.

The 11 Victoria residents that submitted the necessary paperwork to be on the USD 432 ballot in the fall are Janea Dinkel, Terry
Dinkel, Haley Gagnon, Brenton Hoffman, Jacob Hunter, Douglas A. Kuhn, Tammy
Lichter, Matthew K. Orr, Morgan Pfeifer, Gregory Sander and Tammy Lee Schumacher.

In the USD 489 Hays school district race, there are 10 Hays
residents who will be on the ballot in the November General Election.

They are David Clingan, James Feyerherm, Jayme Goetz, Lori
Hertel, Craig Pallister, Allen Park, Ruth A. Ruder, Duff Watson, Dennis Wilkie
and Derek Yarmer.

Despite a large number of candidates, there were not enough candidates to
force a primary election in either race. All of the candidates will show up on the General
Election ballot on Nov. 7.

In Ellis there were five residents who filed for four seats
on the USD 388 school board. They are Cindy Hertel, Aaron Honas, Marty Hollern,
Stephanie Johnson and Brian J. Shannon.

Randall S. Honas was the only candidate to file for the one
unexpired term on the Ellis school board.

In the race for the Ellis City Council, four people filed in
the race for three open seats. They are Devin D. Henderson, Brady A. Richards, John
A. Walz and Terry G. Zerfas.

David R. McDaniel was the only candidate to file for Ellis mayor and Faith Scheck for Ellis treasurer.

In Hays there are two four-year and one two-year term up for
election on the Hays City Commission. There will be five people on the ballot
for those three positions. They are Kelly Ancar, Reese E. Barrick, Alaina
Cunningham, Diana F. Pantle and Mason Ruder.

Kevin Bieker is the only candidate vying for the Schoenchen mayor, and Frederick H Follmer and Kyle Zimmerman were the only two candidates to
file for Schoenchen City Council. There are five positions up for election on
the council.

John Schulte was the only person to file for Victoria mayor, and Joe Leroux for Victoria City Council. There are two positions open on
the city council.

The November General Election also features races for the improvement
districts and Cottonwood Extension District.

You can find a list of those candidates below and you can
find a complete list of candidates <a href="https://www.ellisco.net/DocumentCenter/View/4937/2023-Candidate-Filings">HERE</a>.

Big Creek Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Casey F Herrman Duane Kuhn Larry D
Leiker Keith
Schmidt Duff Watson

Munjor Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;

Prairie Acres Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shane Gregg Kevin
Zimmer William T
Wierman

Suburban Estates Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Cottonwood Extension District #17 - 2 board positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diana F Pantle Allen P Roth Tatum
Sprague-Kinzey

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1685650059944.jpg" alt="Photo courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Photo courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>Hays PostThe races for the Victoria and Hays school boards are
shaping up to be extremely competitive this fall with at least 10 candidates vying for four seats on both school boards.According to the Ellis County Election office, there were 11
people filed for four at-large seats on the USD 432 Victoria school board and 10
people filed to run for four seats on the USD 489 school board by the noon deadline on Thursday, June 1.The 11 Victoria residents that submitted the necessary paperwork to be on the USD 432 ballot in the fall are Janea Dinkel, Terry
Dinkel, Haley Gagnon, Brenton Hoffman, Jacob Hunter, Douglas A. Kuhn, Tammy
Lichter, Matthew K. Orr, Morgan Pfeifer, Gregory Sander and Tammy Lee Schumacher.In the USD 489 Hays school district race, there are 10 Hays
residents who will be on the ballot in the November General Election.They are David Clingan, James Feyerherm, Jayme Goetz, Lori
Hertel, Craig Pallister, Allen Park, Ruth A. Ruder, Duff Watson, Dennis Wilkie
and Derek Yarmer.Despite a large number of candidates, there were not enough candidates to
force a primary election in either race. All of the candidates will show up on the General
Election ballot on Nov. 7.In Ellis there were five residents who filed for four seats
on the USD 388 school board. They are Cindy Hertel, Aaron Honas, Marty Hollern,
Stephanie Johnson and Brian J. Shannon.Randall S. Honas was the only candidate to file for the one
unexpired term on the Ellis school board.In the race for the Ellis City Council, four people filed in
the race for three open seats. They are Devin D. Henderson, Brady A. Richards, John
A. Walz and Terry G. Zerfas.David R. McDaniel was the only candidate to file for Ellis mayor and Faith Scheck for Ellis treasurer.In Hays there are two four-year and one two-year term up for
election on the Hays City Commission. There will be five people on the ballot
for those three positions. They are Kelly Ancar, Reese E. Barrick, Alaina
Cunningham, Diana F. Pantle and Mason Ruder.Kevin Bieker is the only candidate vying for the Schoenchen mayor, and Frederick H Follmer and Kyle Zimmerman were the only two candidates to
file for Schoenchen City Council. There are five positions up for election on
the council.John Schulte was the only person to file for Victoria mayor, and Joe Leroux for Victoria City Council. There are two positions open on
the city council.The November General Election also features races for the improvement
districts and Cottonwood Extension District.You can find a list of those candidates below and you can
find a complete list of candidates <a href="https://www.ellisco.net/DocumentCenter/View/4937/2023-Candidate-Filings">HERE</a>.Big Creek Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Casey F Herrman Duane Kuhn Larry D
Leiker Keith
Schmidt Duff WatsonMunjor Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp; Prairie Acres Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shane Gregg Kevin
Zimmer William T
WiermanSuburban Estates Improvement District - 3 Director positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cottonwood Extension District #17 - 2 board positions&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diana F Pantle Allen P Roth Tatum
Sprague-Kinzey

 Crowded field of candidates vying for Hays, Victoria school boards in fall

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;(Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;(Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District I have a special guest to introduce this week! Camille Dolechek will be working as our Summer Program Assistant this year and we’ll tell you a little about her.She is excited to intern with Cottonwood Extension Office as a summer program assistant this summer. Camille is a Hoisington native from a farming and ranching family. She is currently attending Kansas State University studying Elementary Education.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/5/1685104881742.jpeg" alt="Camille Dolechek (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Camille Dolechek (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>Camille is looking forward to assisting with the Barton County Fair, day camps, and working with agents. Growing up, she participated in 4-H, and 4-H is a fantastic program to learn life skills. She also looks forward to seeing the 4-H participants show their animals and arts and crafts this summer!We are excited to have Camille on-board this summer and hope to let her experience all areas of Extension work. She has jumped in to assist in the office and is helping at a Day Camp the 4-H Junior Leaders are holding on Wednesday. Extension is all about learning experiences and we appreciate the ability to provide to our summer assistants with experiences as much as the communities we serve. Be sure to look for Camille at Extension events and the Barton County Fair this summer!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.