By BENJAMIN DOME Kansas vice president of individual programs for FCCLA

The Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) Family Career and Community Leaders of America, also known as FCCLA, is thriving and strong in Ellis County and the surrounding areas. FCCLA is the only CTSO with family as its core value.

FCCLA has a chapter at every high school in Ellis County with a Family and Consumer Science class. The chapters at Victoria High School, Ellis High School, and the newly formed Hays High School Chapter have been representing Western Kansas extraordinarily on the state and national&nbsp;level.

Victoria High School has over 78 percent of students affiliated with their FCCLA chapter. Nine of those members serve as officers on the local officer team. Victoria FCCLA also hosts District B secretary Kennidy Amrien and the state vice president of individual programs Benjamin Dome.

Both serve on higher executive councils for the area FCCLA district and the state of Kansas.

Additionally, Victoria had six competitive STAR Events compete on the national level at the National Leadership Conference last summer in Denver. Three of these members, Sienna Schmeidler, Jillian Schmidt, and Averi Whindholz, took fifth in the nation with a gold in the Interior Design category. Victoria FCCLA has also been hard at work in the Victoria community.

Their members planned a welcome-back event for every Victoria Jr./Sr. High School student, hosted an American Red Cross blood drive, collected 200 canned goods for the local food pantry, 15 bags of shoes for poorer individuals, planned and threw a holiday bash for elementary students and their parents, and awarded local heroes for their hard work in the community.

Victoria FCCLA also played a vital role at the District B Fall Leadership Conference in Hoisington. Members Sienna Schmeidler and Sage Moos got on stage in front of members from schools ranging from Phillips and Smith County to Barton County to congratulate members on their completion of the Power of One units.

Kennedy Amerin, a senior at Victoria High School and currently serving as the District B secretary, attended two planning meetings to smoothly plan and execute the District B Fall Leadership Conference. Victoria FCCLA has many plans to close out the 1st semester and kick off the 2nd semester positively.

Victoria FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Connie Braun stated, “Victoria FCCLA has five members interested in running for various higher office positions, and 18 members working on STAR Events.”

Both elections of officers and STAR Events take place in the second semester. Victoria is also poised to host the 2024 District B Star Event Competitions. 

USD 432 Superintendant and Victoria Jr. Sr. High School Principal Kimberley Woolf stated, “We are so excited to host the STAR Events this year on Valentine’s Day for District B FCCLA. Our teachers will be here to help facilitate the rooms and judge. Some of my standout moments as a principal at Victoria are getting to attend some of these events with students and watching them compete.

"It is amazing to see all their months of work come to fruition when they present to their team of judges. Connie Braun is an essential part of all of this! The kids love her for her dedication and commitment.”

Ellis High School FCCLA is also enjoying The Ultimate Journey. Ellis FCCLA boasts a roster of 40 members. One of which, Taegen Shannon, serves as the current District B president.

Part of Shannon’s role is serving on the State Advisory Council and heading the planning of the District B Fall Leadership Conference, which was hosted in Hoisington in early October.

Additionally, Railers in the FCCLA Chapter have been hard at work preparing for the STAR Event competitions. Ellis FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Mrs. Nihlas stated, “We have a group hard at work preparing for their competition. We also have a member gearing up to run for a higher office as well.” District elections will be hosted in late January at Smith Center High School.

Hays High School is also getting into the action this year. This will be the first year for Hays High to offer FCCLA in it’s school history. District B FCCLA is happy to have them become a part of the FCCLA family. The entire state association is excited to welcome them into the FCCLA community.

Many Ellis County businesses support FCCLA at various levels. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC, and Great Plains Dermatology are both sponsors of Kansas FCCLA. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC is a bronze sponsor, and Great Plains Dermatology is a silver sponsor. Kansas FCCLA is extremely thankful for their support.

The state of FCCLA in Ellis County is strong and hopeful. The entirety of the State Executive Council is proud of District B FCCLA and excited to see what Ellis County FCCLA Chapters produce in the coming semester.

By BENJAMIN DOME Kansas vice president of individual programs for FCCLA The Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO) Family Career and Community Leaders of America, also known as FCCLA, is thriving and strong in Ellis County and the surrounding areas. FCCLA is the only CTSO with family as its core value.FCCLA has a chapter at every high school in Ellis County with a Family and Consumer Science class. The chapters at Victoria High School, Ellis High School, and the newly formed Hays High School Chapter have been representing Western Kansas extraordinarily on the state and national&nbsp;level.Victoria High School has over 78 percent of students affiliated with their FCCLA chapter. Nine of those members serve as officers on the local officer team. Victoria FCCLA also hosts District B secretary Kennidy Amrien and the state vice president of individual programs Benjamin Dome.Both serve on higher executive councils for the area FCCLA district and the state of Kansas.Additionally, Victoria had six competitive STAR Events compete on the national level at the National Leadership Conference last summer in Denver. Three of these members, Sienna Schmeidler, Jillian Schmidt, and Averi Whindholz, took fifth in the nation with a gold in the Interior Design category. Victoria FCCLA has also been hard at work in the Victoria community.Their members planned a welcome-back event for every Victoria Jr./Sr. High School student, hosted an American Red Cross blood drive, collected 200 canned goods for the local food pantry, 15 bags of shoes for poorer individuals, planned and threw a holiday bash for elementary students and their parents, and awarded local heroes for their hard work in the community.Victoria FCCLA also played a vital role at the District B Fall Leadership Conference in Hoisington. Members Sienna Schmeidler and Sage Moos got on stage in front of members from schools ranging from Phillips and Smith County to Barton County to congratulate members on their completion of the Power of One units.Kennedy Amerin, a senior at Victoria High School and currently serving as the District B secretary, attended two planning meetings to smoothly plan and execute the District B Fall Leadership Conference. Victoria FCCLA has many plans to close out the 1st semester and kick off the 2nd semester positively.Victoria FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Connie Braun stated, “Victoria FCCLA has five members interested in running for various higher office positions, and 18 members working on STAR Events.”Both elections of officers and STAR Events take place in the second semester. Victoria is also poised to host the 2024 District B Star Event Competitions. USD 432 Superintendant and Victoria Jr. Sr. High School Principal Kimberley Woolf stated, “We are so excited to host the STAR Events this year on Valentine’s Day for District B FCCLA. Our teachers will be here to help facilitate the rooms and judge. Some of my standout moments as a principal at Victoria are getting to attend some of these events with students and watching them compete."It is amazing to see all their months of work come to fruition when they present to their team of judges. Connie Braun is an essential part of all of this! The kids love her for her dedication and commitment.”Ellis High School FCCLA is also enjoying The Ultimate Journey. Ellis FCCLA boasts a roster of 40 members. One of which, Taegen Shannon, serves as the current District B president.Part of Shannon’s role is serving on the State Advisory Council and heading the planning of the District B Fall Leadership Conference, which was hosted in Hoisington in early October.Additionally, Railers in the FCCLA Chapter have been hard at work preparing for the STAR Event competitions. Ellis FCCLA adviser and FCS teacher Mrs. Nihlas stated, “We have a group hard at work preparing for their competition. We also have a member gearing up to run for a higher office as well.” District elections will be hosted in late January at Smith Center High School.Hays High School is also getting into the action this year. This will be the first year for Hays High to offer FCCLA in it’s school history. District B FCCLA is happy to have them become a part of the FCCLA family. The entire state association is excited to welcome them into the FCCLA community.Many Ellis County businesses support FCCLA at various levels. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC, and Great Plains Dermatology are both sponsors of Kansas FCCLA. Leon’s Welding and Fabrication, LLC is a bronze sponsor, and Great Plains Dermatology is a silver sponsor. Kansas FCCLA is extremely thankful for their support.The state of FCCLA in Ellis County is strong and hopeful. The entirety of the State Executive Council is proud of District B FCCLA and excited to see what Ellis County FCCLA Chapters produce in the coming semester.

LETTER: FCCLA strong in Ellis County, surrounding areas

The Kansas Legislature is teeing up to review campaign finance laws in 2024.&nbsp; It should come as no surprise that such proposals occur against a backdrop of strong public skepticism about their motives.

A recent Pew Charitable Trust poll found that 80% of Americans believe that “the people who donated a lot of money to their political campaigns” have too much influence over members of Congress, while 70% agreed that “the people in their districts” have too little.&nbsp; These supermajorities cut across party lines, and may help explain the rise of “outsider” candidates such as former President Donald Trump and Senator Bernie Sanders. To quote the classic 1976 film&nbsp;Network, the American people are “mad as hell, and we’re not going to take this anymore.”

Congressional campaigns are regulated by federal, not state finance law.&nbsp; However, most Americans do not care about the finer differences between federal and state laws–they simply believe that money has too much influence on politics. Also, Kansans do not have a particularly high opinion of the Kansas Legislature, either.&nbsp; In the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll, only 2.8% of Kansans reported being “very satisfied” with the Legislature, and an additional 28.3% reported being “somewhat satisfied.” This total of 31.3% satisfied means that the Legislature’s approval ranks lower than that of Governor Laura Kelly, the Kansas Supreme Court, and Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall.&nbsp;

The current push to change the law stems from a 2022 dustup in Overland Park. Led by Mark Skoglund, the Kansas Ethics Commission investigated Fresh Vision OP, a group that sent out mailers advocating for a mayoral candidate.&nbsp; Fresh Vision OP’s leaders insist that it is a 501(c)(4), a type of nonprofit, but Skoglund suspected that it was actually a political committee.&nbsp; Shortly after that, some members of the Legislature began criticizing Skoglund for letting his law license lapse.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Earlier this year, the Legislature considered HB (House Bill) 2391, which would have rewritten campaign finance law.&nbsp; It did not pass, but they will be back at it this coming year.&nbsp; Unfortunately, HB 2391 contained several provisions which would weaken transparency.

For example, current law requires independent groups to disclose whenever there is a finding of “cooperation or consent” with a political campaign. HB 2391 would have required it only when there is “coordination,” which is defined as “express advocacy.”&nbsp; This is not necessary: the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in&nbsp;Citizens United v FEC&nbsp;that campaign finance law may go beyond express advocacy.&nbsp; Narrowing the requirements would create a loophole allowing independent groups to advocate for candidates without disclosing the sources of their funds.&nbsp; HB 2391 would also have removed the Kansas Ethics Commission’s subpoena power, greatly weakening their ability to investigate.&nbsp; Finally, the bill would have created a disclaimer, ““No solicitation shall be considered a violation of this act if such solicitation is accompanied with a disclaimer that it is not intended for lobbyists, political committees or persons other than individuals.”

The simple appearance of this disclaimer, plus the loss of subpoena power, could block the ability of the Kansas Ethics Commission to take any further action.

There are legitimate reasons to re-visit Kansas’ campaign finance laws.&nbsp; Current laws may ensnare a well-meaning candidate whose communication accidentally falls into the hands of lobbyists, when that was not their intention.&nbsp; That said, HB 2391 was a bad bill and should not be revived.&nbsp; Skepticism toward campaign finance is running high.&nbsp; This is no time to make disclosure requirements even easier to evade.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1700168795368.png" alt="Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michael Smith is a professor at Emporia State University. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>The Kansas Legislature is teeing up to review campaign finance laws in 2024.&nbsp; It should come as no surprise that such proposals occur against a backdrop of strong public skepticism about their motives.A recent Pew Charitable Trust poll found that 80% of Americans believe that “the people who donated a lot of money to their political campaigns” have too much influence over members of Congress, while 70% agreed that “the people in their districts” have too little.&nbsp; These supermajorities cut across party lines, and may help explain the rise of “outsider” candidates such as former President Donald Trump and Senator Bernie Sanders. To quote the classic 1976 film&nbsp;Network, the American people are “mad as hell, and we’re not going to take this anymore.”Congressional campaigns are regulated by federal, not state finance law.&nbsp; However, most Americans do not care about the finer differences between federal and state laws–they simply believe that money has too much influence on politics. Also, Kansans do not have a particularly high opinion of the Kansas Legislature, either.&nbsp; In the 2023&nbsp;Kansas Speaks&nbsp;poll, only 2.8% of Kansans reported being “very satisfied” with the Legislature, and an additional 28.3% reported being “somewhat satisfied.” This total of 31.3% satisfied means that the Legislature’s approval ranks lower than that of Governor Laura Kelly, the Kansas Supreme Court, and Senators Jerry Moran and Roger Marshall.&nbsp;The current push to change the law stems from a 2022 dustup in Overland Park. Led by Mark Skoglund, the Kansas Ethics Commission investigated Fresh Vision OP, a group that sent out mailers advocating for a mayoral candidate.&nbsp; Fresh Vision OP’s leaders insist that it is a 501(c)(4), a type of nonprofit, but Skoglund suspected that it was actually a political committee.&nbsp; Shortly after that, some members of the Legislature began criticizing Skoglund for letting his law license lapse.&nbsp;&nbsp;Earlier this year, the Legislature considered HB (House Bill) 2391, which would have rewritten campaign finance law.&nbsp; It did not pass, but they will be back at it this coming year.&nbsp; Unfortunately, HB 2391 contained several provisions which would weaken transparency.For example, current law requires independent groups to disclose whenever there is a finding of “cooperation or consent” with a political campaign. HB 2391 would have required it only when there is “coordination,” which is defined as “express advocacy.”&nbsp; This is not necessary: the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in&nbsp;Citizens United v FEC&nbsp;that campaign finance law may go beyond express advocacy.&nbsp; Narrowing the requirements would create a loophole allowing independent groups to advocate for candidates without disclosing the sources of their funds.&nbsp; HB 2391 would also have removed the Kansas Ethics Commission’s subpoena power, greatly weakening their ability to investigate.&nbsp; Finally, the bill would have created a disclaimer, ““No solicitation shall be considered a violation of this act if such solicitation is accompanied with a disclaimer that it is not intended for lobbyists, political committees or persons other than individuals.”The simple appearance of this disclaimer, plus the loss of subpoena power, could block the ability of the Kansas Ethics Commission to take any further action.There are legitimate reasons to re-visit Kansas’ campaign finance laws.&nbsp; Current laws may ensnare a well-meaning candidate whose communication accidentally falls into the hands of lobbyists, when that was not their intention.&nbsp; That said, HB 2391 was a bad bill and should not be revived.&nbsp; Skepticism toward campaign finance is running high.&nbsp; This is no time to make disclosure requirements even easier to evade.

INSIGHT KANSAS: Ethics laws must emphasize transparency

Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension District

According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;

Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;

Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;

Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;

The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;

Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension DistrictAccording to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Violence and Risk-taking behaviors&nbsp;</li><li>Videos of stunts or challenges that may inspire unsafe behavior&nbsp;</li><li>Sexual content&nbsp;</li><li>Negative stereotypes&nbsp;</li><li>Substance use&nbsp;</li><li>Cyberbullies and predators&nbsp;</li><li>Advertising aimed at your child&nbsp;</li><li>Misleading or inaccurate information&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Too much screen time may lead to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Sleep problems&nbsp;</li><li>Lower grades in school&nbsp;</li><li>Reading fewer books&nbsp;</li><li>Less time with family and friends&nbsp;</li><li>Not enough outdoor or physical activity&nbsp;</li><li>Weight problems&nbsp;</li>
 </ul><ul>
 <li>Mood problems&nbsp;</li><li>Poor self-image and body image issues&nbsp;</li><li>Fear of missing out&nbsp;</li><li>Less time learning other ways to relax and have fun&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;commonsensemedia.org&nbsp;aacap.org&nbsp;Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

KOERNER: Tips to manage children screen time

I can’t
think about Christmas without thinking about recipes, and I can’t go through my
recipe box without thinking about Christmas. Index cards documenting
ingredients written in fading ink link me to decades of family and friends. 

My old-fashioned fudge recipe brings
to mind my great-grandmother, grandma, and mom standing before the stove
stirring that old black-handled pan passed down to each in turn. Linzer tarts
recall my husband’s mother and grandmother.&nbsp;
Stan’s favorite cut-out sugar cookies remind me of Sheri, the school
librarian. Sondra’s peanut butter blossoms evolved into a tradition my mom ate
til she emptied the plate. Jeanette’s snickerdoodles remind me of good people who
once worked at the old Ellis St. bank. That said, there’s a Christmas recipe I
love to make that honors my Volga German heritage that almost didn’t appear in
my treasured collection. Thank goodness, fate intervened to guarantee these
cookies decorate the Christmas cookie platter.

My Volga German family emigrated
from Russia to Rush County Kansas in the late 1800s, joining other newcomers in
central Kansas. Taking advantage of a strong work ethic and homesteading
opportunities, they farmed. Though her parents were born in Russia, Grandma and
most of her siblings came along after the family arrived in the new country. While
she grew up, her family spoke German at home, so she didn’t learn English until
she began first grade. As a result, Grandma spoke with a mild German accent all
her life. In fact, her kids, second generation Kansans, pronounced a few words
with a German twist. We didn’t have uncles in our family; we had onkles.

Born early in the new century,
Grandma reached adulthood as America entered World War I. Her older brother
interpreted for American forces, serving under John Pershing. While her brother
fought overseas, folks back home with German accents faced prejudice. Grandma
never shared her experiences, but she also never cooked German food for me.

Soon after we married, my husband’s
job transferred him to Ellis County, home to vibrant Volga German settlements.
One of my early jobs included teaching at Hays High where we had amazing Volga
German cooks. They served traditional school lunches like pizza and meatloaf,
but they occasionally included sides of German soups such as green bean
dumpling or bean and noodle soup. What had I missed all those years? On
everyone’s favorite lunch day, our kitchen wizards served hot-out-of-the-oven
bierocks. Walking toward the scent of hot bread, browned burger, cabbage, and
onions drove my taste buds crazy.

During the holidays on year, I
discovered spitzbuben. Holy cow, how had I grown up with a Volga German grandmother
and never eaten this buttery goodness? The next time we got together, I asked,
“Grandma, did your mom cook German food when you grew up?”

I responded, “I wondered because our
school cooks serve Volga German foods and desserts, and they’re really good. Why
didn’t we eat them at your house?”

Grandma was a tall woman who reared
back to her full 5’9’’. With a stronger than usual German accent, she informed
me, “I vas American and I fet my kits American food.” That ended the questions.


Thank goodness, Volga German
friends hooked me up with regional recipe books and offered guidance. Now I
cook Volga German recipes when the urge hits. 

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158626307.png" alt="Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure>I can’t
think about Christmas without thinking about recipes, and I can’t go through my
recipe box without thinking about Christmas. Index cards documenting
ingredients written in fading ink link me to decades of family and friends. My old-fashioned fudge recipe brings
to mind my great-grandmother, grandma, and mom standing before the stove
stirring that old black-handled pan passed down to each in turn. Linzer tarts
recall my husband’s mother and grandmother.&nbsp;
Stan’s favorite cut-out sugar cookies remind me of Sheri, the school
librarian. Sondra’s peanut butter blossoms evolved into a tradition my mom ate
til she emptied the plate. Jeanette’s snickerdoodles remind me of good people who
once worked at the old Ellis St. bank. That said, there’s a Christmas recipe I
love to make that honors my Volga German heritage that almost didn’t appear in
my treasured collection. Thank goodness, fate intervened to guarantee these
cookies decorate the Christmas cookie platter.My Volga German family emigrated
from Russia to Rush County Kansas in the late 1800s, joining other newcomers in
central Kansas. Taking advantage of a strong work ethic and homesteading
opportunities, they farmed. Though her parents were born in Russia, Grandma and
most of her siblings came along after the family arrived in the new country. While
she grew up, her family spoke German at home, so she didn’t learn English until
she began first grade. As a result, Grandma spoke with a mild German accent all
her life. In fact, her kids, second generation Kansans, pronounced a few words
with a German twist. We didn’t have uncles in our family; we had onkles.Born early in the new century,
Grandma reached adulthood as America entered World War I. Her older brother
interpreted for American forces, serving under John Pershing. While her brother
fought overseas, folks back home with German accents faced prejudice. Grandma
never shared her experiences, but she also never cooked German food for me.Soon after we married, my husband’s
job transferred him to Ellis County, home to vibrant Volga German settlements.
One of my early jobs included teaching at Hays High where we had amazing Volga
German cooks. They served traditional school lunches like pizza and meatloaf,
but they occasionally included sides of German soups such as green bean
dumpling or bean and noodle soup. What had I missed all those years? On
everyone’s favorite lunch day, our kitchen wizards served hot-out-of-the-oven
bierocks. Walking toward the scent of hot bread, browned burger, cabbage, and
onions drove my taste buds crazy.During the holidays on year, I
discovered spitzbuben. Holy cow, how had I grown up with a Volga German grandmother
and never eaten this buttery goodness? The next time we got together, I asked,
“Grandma, did your mom cook German food when you grew up?”She answered, “Yes, why?”I responded, “I wondered because our
school cooks serve Volga German foods and desserts, and they’re really good. Why
didn’t we eat them at your house?”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/12/1702072498072.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Grandma was a tall woman who reared
back to her full 5’9’’. With a stronger than usual German accent, she informed
me, “I vas American and I fet my kits American food.” That ended the questions.
Thank goodness, Volga German
friends hooked me up with regional recipe books and offered guidance. Now I
cook Volga German recipes when the urge hits.

MADORIN: Recipes I Nearly Missed

After the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.

On January 4th at 5:30 pm, 21 Central District will host a Calving School at the Stafford County Annex Building, 210 East Third, St. John.

The evening will start with a meal catered by Wheatland Café. Cost is $10 per person with the help of sponsors, including: South Fork Veterinary Hospital, Xtra Factors, and 701x Autonomous Rancher.

Dr A.J. Tarpoff, KSRE Beef Veterinarian will cover topics including: Stages of the normal calving process and tips to handle difficult calving situations, when and how to intervene, the calving process, and demonstrating proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.

A calving kit door prize drawing will happen at the end of the evening, sponsored by South Wind Animal Health.

To Register: call the Stafford County Extension Office at 620-549-3502. Please RSVP by December 27th, for meal planning.

Kansas State University beef extension specialists and agents will host a cow-calf production clinic January 10th at the Ellis County Extension office located at 601 Main St in Hays.

The clinic is scheduled from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will focus on “Navigating Opportunities and Risks: Production and Forage Considerations,” with discussion on local conditions encountered by cow-calf producers.

The clinics will also include interactive polls, forage sampling in a drought year, implications of -forage sampling and presentation by K-State agricultural economist Jenny Ifft, who will discuss making dollars and cents of risk management tools.

There will be a $10 cost payable at the door and a meal will be provided. RSVP by Jan. 5th for a meal count by calling 785-628-9430 or emailing Theresa Meis at tam3@ksu.edu.

Extension agents Clint Laflin and Alicia Boor will host a joint extension program in Ellsworth, Kans. on Thursday January 18th, 2023. Topics covered include financial budgeting, understanding interest rate trends, risk management insurance options, and farm family transitions.

Experts from local banks, the Kansas Farm Management Association, and Kansas State Research and Extension will serve as speakers, and be on hand to answer attendee questions.

Registration cost is $10 payable at the door by cash or check. The event will take place at the Ellsworth Health and Recreation Center: 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth, KS 67439.

Registration begins at 9:00 a.m. with coffee and doughnuts provided, followed by our first speaker. The event will conclude by 3 p.m.

An RSVP is requested by Friday, January 12th to give organizers an accurate count for our catered lunch provided to attendees. To register please email or call Midway District Livestock Agent, Clint Laflin, at cllaflin@ksu.edu, or 785-483-3157.

Alfalfa and forage meeting to be held January 24th in Great Bend

K-State Research and Extension along with the Kansas Forage and Grasslands council are hosting an Alfalfa and Forage school on January 24th at the Burnside Room, 1214 Stone Street in Great Bend. The meeting will be held from 10-2 and will include discussions over planting practices, fertility, water use efficiency, economics, entomology, and weed control. The cost to attend is free for members of KFGC and 45.00 for non-members, which will include a one-year membership. RSVP to Alicia Boor at aboor@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910 by January 19th.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedAfter the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.Calving SchoolOn January 4th at 5:30 pm, 21 Central District will host a Calving School at the Stafford County Annex Building, 210 East Third, St. John.The evening will start with a meal catered by Wheatland Café. Cost is $10 per person with the help of sponsors, including: South Fork Veterinary Hospital, Xtra Factors, and 701x Autonomous Rancher.Dr A.J. Tarpoff, KSRE Beef Veterinarian will cover topics including: Stages of the normal calving process and tips to handle difficult calving situations, when and how to intervene, the calving process, and demonstrating proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.A calving kit door prize drawing will happen at the end of the evening, sponsored by South Wind Animal Health.To Register: call the Stafford County Extension Office at 620-549-3502. Please RSVP by December 27th, for meal planning.Cow-calf Clinic, January 10thKansas State University beef extension specialists and agents will host a cow-calf production clinic January 10th at the Ellis County Extension office located at 601 Main St in Hays.The clinic is scheduled from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will focus on “Navigating Opportunities and Risks: Production and Forage Considerations,” with discussion on local conditions encountered by cow-calf producers.The clinics will also include interactive polls, forage sampling in a drought year, implications of -forage sampling and presentation by K-State agricultural economist Jenny Ifft, who will discuss making dollars and cents of risk management tools.There will be a $10 cost payable at the door and a meal will be provided. RSVP by Jan. 5th for a meal count by calling 785-628-9430 or emailing Theresa Meis at tam3@ksu.edu.Agricultural Producers MeetingExtension agents Clint Laflin and Alicia Boor will host a joint extension program in Ellsworth, Kans. on Thursday January 18th, 2023. Topics covered include financial budgeting, understanding interest rate trends, risk management insurance options, and farm family transitions.Experts from local banks, the Kansas Farm Management Association, and Kansas State Research and Extension will serve as speakers, and be on hand to answer attendee questions.Registration cost is $10 payable at the door by cash or check. The event will take place at the Ellsworth Health and Recreation Center: 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth, KS 67439.Registration begins at 9:00 a.m. with coffee and doughnuts provided, followed by our first speaker. The event will conclude by 3 p.m.An RSVP is requested by Friday, January 12th to give organizers an accurate count for our catered lunch provided to attendees. To register please email or call Midway District Livestock Agent, Clint Laflin, at cllaflin@ksu.edu, or 785-483-3157.Alfalfa and forage meeting to be held January 24th in Great BendK-State Research and Extension along with the Kansas Forage and Grasslands council are hosting an Alfalfa and Forage school on January 24th at the Burnside Room, 1214 Stone Street in Great Bend. The meeting will be held from 10-2 and will include discussions over planting practices, fertility, water use efficiency, economics, entomology, and weed control. The cost to attend is free for members of KFGC and 45.00 for non-members, which will include a one-year membership. RSVP to Alicia Boor at aboor@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910 by January 19th.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

Boor: K-State Research and Extension plans operational programs

Holiday expenses can creep up on us unexpectedly. Sometimes it’s difficult to think of everything that goes into our holiday. The holidays can put a financial burden even on the savviest of shoppers and savers. But like most things, taking time to plan can help you avoid the stress that comes with overspending. Before you hit the mall or shop for Christmas deals, keep reading to learn how to make a holiday spending plan that works for you.

First, make sure you account for all of your typical expenses so that you don’t come up short on bills or things like rent. Continue your normal budgeting and saving plans as well as paying regular monthly bills. Sometimes companies will offer skip a payment around the holidays. Make sure you understand the terms before agreeing because often times you are still accruing interest which may not be in your best interest.

Next, think about what else you may be spending on in the coming weeks. Are you hosting a party at your home, or traveling to visit family or friends? If so, estimate what those things will cost you. Once you’ve subtracted any expenses from your usual budget, you can think about how much you have to spend on gifts. It’s best to start planning this as early as possible, but will still work if you are just starting. That way you can look at how much you’ll earn between now and the holidays and calculate how much you can save to cover your holiday spending. Being realistic about your budget will help make sure you don’t overspend. Yes, obviously, the gifts may be easy to budget for but there are often unexpected expenses such as travel, food, and entertainment. Think through all your plans for the holidays and what will cost you money before budgeting.

2. Make a list (and check it twice)

With all of the excitement of the holidays, it can be easy to get carried away. Make a list of the gifts you need and cross them off as you go. Check your list several times before you go shopping so that you don’t leave anything off. This is when a personal rule may come in handy. You might set a personal rule for yourself, such as: If something isn’t on your list, don’t buy it. This can get difficult when you see sales and deals pop up—but spending on something you don’t really need can make it difficult to pay for the things you do.

There may be ways to give a meaningful gift at a fraction of the cost as buying something from a store. This may not work for everyone on your list, but here are some low-cost suggestions:

§ Homemade mixes in a mason jar, such as hot chocolate, bean soup, or cookie mixes

§ Your favorite recipes with photos in a custom picture book

4. Decide how you’re going to pay

Are you going to use cash or credit cards to pay for gifts? A helpful rule to set for yourself is to only bring the amount of money you plan to spend. That way you can help yourself stay within your budget because once you spend the money you brought, you’re done. On the other hand, using a credit card can give you more consumer rights if the item is broken when you open the box and doesn’t require you to travel with large amounts of cash. If you do decide to buy your holiday gifts with a credit card, make sure you have a specific plan to pay your credit card bill and have set aside enough in your budget to do so.

Keep an eye on your debit or credit card. You may be using it frequently so make sure you always put it back in the same place. Be very mindful of where it is used and who has had access to it. Safeguard your information.

You also want to keep your receipts for any gift returns. Review your charges on your statement or online frequently as well because it’s easier to resolve any fraudulent charges earlier rather than later.

Just like you wrote down your lists to keep track of what you need to buy, you could also keep track of what you’ve spent. Periodically check to see if you are on track and sticking to your budget. Did you spend more or less than you thought you would on certain items? If you don’t keep track of what you spent, you could end up with an unpleasant credit card bill next month.

Another tip would be to keep your receipts. Review those at the end of the day and make sure you are staying within your budget. Sometimes we think we spend less then when we actually add it up. Using a credit card can also increase spending. Some studies have shown that you are more likely to spend more when using a credit card versus paying with cash.

The holidays can be a very stressful time for some people, planning for the expenses can help relieve some of that stress when the new year rolls around.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Holiday expenses can creep up on us unexpectedly. Sometimes it’s difficult to think of everything that goes into our holiday. The holidays can put a financial burden even on the savviest of shoppers and savers. But like most things, taking time to plan can help you avoid the stress that comes with overspending. Before you hit the mall or shop for Christmas deals, keep reading to learn how to make a holiday spending plan that works for you.1. Set a budgetFirst, make sure you account for all of your typical expenses so that you don’t come up short on bills or things like rent. Continue your normal budgeting and saving plans as well as paying regular monthly bills. Sometimes companies will offer skip a payment around the holidays. Make sure you understand the terms before agreeing because often times you are still accruing interest which may not be in your best interest.Next, think about what else you may be spending on in the coming weeks. Are you hosting a party at your home, or traveling to visit family or friends? If so, estimate what those things will cost you. Once you’ve subtracted any expenses from your usual budget, you can think about how much you have to spend on gifts. It’s best to start planning this as early as possible, but will still work if you are just starting. That way you can look at how much you’ll earn between now and the holidays and calculate how much you can save to cover your holiday spending. Being realistic about your budget will help make sure you don’t overspend. Yes, obviously, the gifts may be easy to budget for but there are often unexpected expenses such as travel, food, and entertainment. Think through all your plans for the holidays and what will cost you money before budgeting.2. Make a list (and check it twice)With all of the excitement of the holidays, it can be easy to get carried away. Make a list of the gifts you need and cross them off as you go. Check your list several times before you go shopping so that you don’t leave anything off. This is when a personal rule may come in handy. You might set a personal rule for yourself, such as: If something isn’t on your list, don’t buy it. This can get difficult when you see sales and deals pop up—but spending on something you don’t really need can make it difficult to pay for the things you do.3. Get creativeThere may be ways to give a meaningful gift at a fraction of the cost as buying something from a store. This may not work for everyone on your list, but here are some low-cost suggestions:§ Homemade mixes in a mason jar, such as hot chocolate, bean soup, or cookie mixes§ Your favorite recipes with photos in a custom picture book4. Decide how you’re going to payAre you going to use cash or credit cards to pay for gifts? A helpful rule to set for yourself is to only bring the amount of money you plan to spend. That way you can help yourself stay within your budget because once you spend the money you brought, you’re done. On the other hand, using a credit card can give you more consumer rights if the item is broken when you open the box and doesn’t require you to travel with large amounts of cash. If you do decide to buy your holiday gifts with a credit card, make sure you have a specific plan to pay your credit card bill and have set aside enough in your budget to do so.Keep an eye on your debit or credit card. You may be using it frequently so make sure you always put it back in the same place. Be very mindful of where it is used and who has had access to it. Safeguard your information.You also want to keep your receipts for any gift returns. Review your charges on your statement or online frequently as well because it’s easier to resolve any fraudulent charges earlier rather than later.5. Track your holiday spendingJust like you wrote down your lists to keep track of what you need to buy, you could also keep track of what you’ve spent. Periodically check to see if you are on track and sticking to your budget. Did you spend more or less than you thought you would on certain items? If you don’t keep track of what you spent, you could end up with an unpleasant credit card bill next month.Another tip would be to keep your receipts. Review those at the end of the day and make sure you are staying within your budget. Sometimes we think we spend less then when we actually add it up. Using a credit card can also increase spending. Some studies have shown that you are more likely to spend more when using a credit card versus paying with cash.The holidays can be a very stressful time for some people, planning for the expenses can help relieve some of that stress when the new year rolls around.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Tips on holiday spending

Karissa Winkel Cottonwood Extension District

The new year is right around the corner, and now is the time to create health goals for 2024. Making healthy choices is something we get to do every day, but it does not have to be overwhelming. In fact, simply walking every day can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve the quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! If walking to improve health is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.

Walk with Ease is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.

Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. These classes include an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $12 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.

Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?

Join us for our next Walk with Ease class that kicks off on January 8th! This indoor class will take place from 10:00-11:00 a.m. on MWF at the Hoisington Recreation Center in Hoisington, KS. Participants who attend and complete 14 of 18 classes in this Walk with Ease Series will be eligible to receive fitness equipment.

For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu, 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Karissa Winkel Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe new year is right around the corner, and now is the time to create health goals for 2024. Making healthy choices is something we get to do every day, but it does not have to be overwhelming. In fact, simply walking every day can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve the quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! If walking to improve health is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.Walk with Ease is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. These classes include an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $12 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?Join us for our next Walk with Ease class that kicks off on January 8th! This indoor class will take place from 10:00-11:00 a.m. on MWF at the Hoisington Recreation Center in Hoisington, KS. Participants who attend and complete 14 of 18 classes in this Walk with Ease Series will be eligible to receive fitness equipment.For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu, 620-793-1910.

WINKEL: Walk with Ease is coming to Hoisington

Stacy Campbell Cottonwood Extension District

In recent years, sulfur (S) deficiency in wheat has become more common in many areas of Kansas, particularly in no-till wheat. The likely reasons for this are a reduction in sulfur additions to the crop from atmospheric deposition (there is less S in the air now) and cooler soil temperatures as a result of no-till, which slows S mineralization in the soil. Some crops in the rotation, such as soybean, can also take up significant amounts of S, resulting in an S deficit for the following wheat crop. Most of the crop's S needs will occur after spring green-up when the crop goes through stem elongation.

Historically, S deficiency was most common in high-yielding crops grown on irrigated, sandy soils that are low in organic matter and subject to leaching. However, due to the reasons discussed above, an increasing number of finer-textured soils have shown S deficiency in recent years.

Generally, S-deficient wheat is yellow and stunted and is observed in patches in the field, especially in areas with previous soil erosion or movement. The patchy S-deficient areas of the field are often found on hilltops or side slopes where erosion has occurred, and soil organic matter is reduced or where leaching is more pronounced. Wheat in areas where topsoil was removed or significant cuts were made (i.e. terraced or leveled fields) also commonly shows symptoms.

Sulfur deficiency in growing crops is often mistaken for nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, unlike N deficiency, where older leaves show firing and yellowing, with S deficiency, the pale-yellow symptoms often appear first on the younger or uppermost leaves. Wheat plants with S deficiency eventually become uniformly chlorotic (yellow leaf tissue).

Sulfur deficiencies in wheat have been showing up early in the spring, shortly after green-up, before organic S is mineralized from soil organic matter and before wheat roots can grow into the subsoil to utilize any available S (sulfate) accumulations. Deficiencies of S are often difficult to identify because the chlorosis is not always obvious. Crops lacking S also may be stunted, thin-stemmed, and spindly. In the case of wheat and other cereal grains, maturity is delayed.

If any of your fields have had a known history of S deficiency and you have not applied any S yet. Rather than waiting for symptoms to appear in the spring, farmers may want to consider a winter top-dress application of S as a preventive measure.

There is a soil test for available sulfate-S in the soil profile. Soil texture, soil organic matter, the crop to be grown, and the expected yield level should all be considered when interpreting this soil test. Accurate estimates of S needs cannot be made from a surface sample alone. Since

sulfate is mobile, sampling to a 24-inch depth is important. However, due to the relatively high demand for S during the rapid vegetative growth phase of wheat and relatively shallow rooting by the wheat crop at this time, the S measured in the deeper subsoil levels by the test may not be available to wheat in the early spring, especially where soils are cold. Now is a good time to collect soil samples and assess S levels as we plan for topdressing.

Leaf tissue tests can be useful, particularly when determining the exact cause of yellow wheat. A representative sample can be made by collecting the newest mature leaves from 30+ plants throughout the area where deficiency symptoms are observed (“bad” areas). A similar sample from a “good” area (no deficiency symptoms) should also be collected. This will allow direct comparisons between “good” and “bad” areas.

There are several S-containing fertilizer materials both dry and liquid. Supplemental resources: Sulfur in Kansas (MF 2264), http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2264.pdf For estimations of required application rates of S - Soil Test Interpretation and Fertilizer Recommendations, (MF2586) http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/mf2586.pdf

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>Stacy Campbell Cottonwood Extension DistrictIn recent years, sulfur (S) deficiency in wheat has become more common in many areas of Kansas, particularly in no-till wheat. The likely reasons for this are a reduction in sulfur additions to the crop from atmospheric deposition (there is less S in the air now) and cooler soil temperatures as a result of no-till, which slows S mineralization in the soil. Some crops in the rotation, such as soybean, can also take up significant amounts of S, resulting in an S deficit for the following wheat crop. Most of the crop's S needs will occur after spring green-up when the crop goes through stem elongation.Historically, S deficiency was most common in high-yielding crops grown on irrigated, sandy soils that are low in organic matter and subject to leaching. However, due to the reasons discussed above, an increasing number of finer-textured soils have shown S deficiency in recent years.Generally, S-deficient wheat is yellow and stunted and is observed in patches in the field, especially in areas with previous soil erosion or movement. The patchy S-deficient areas of the field are often found on hilltops or side slopes where erosion has occurred, and soil organic matter is reduced or where leaching is more pronounced. Wheat in areas where topsoil was removed or significant cuts were made (i.e. terraced or leveled fields) also commonly shows symptoms.Sulfur deficiency in growing crops is often mistaken for nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, unlike N deficiency, where older leaves show firing and yellowing, with S deficiency, the pale-yellow symptoms often appear first on the younger or uppermost leaves. Wheat plants with S deficiency eventually become uniformly chlorotic (yellow leaf tissue).Sulfur deficiencies in wheat have been showing up early in the spring, shortly after green-up, before organic S is mineralized from soil organic matter and before wheat roots can grow into the subsoil to utilize any available S (sulfate) accumulations. Deficiencies of S are often difficult to identify because the chlorosis is not always obvious. Crops lacking S also may be stunted, thin-stemmed, and spindly. In the case of wheat and other cereal grains, maturity is delayed.If any of your fields have had a known history of S deficiency and you have not applied any S yet. Rather than waiting for symptoms to appear in the spring, farmers may want to consider a winter top-dress application of S as a preventive measure.There is a soil test for available sulfate-S in the soil profile. Soil texture, soil organic matter, the crop to be grown, and the expected yield level should all be considered when interpreting this soil test. Accurate estimates of S needs cannot be made from a surface sample alone. Sincesulfate is mobile, sampling to a 24-inch depth is important. However, due to the relatively high demand for S during the rapid vegetative growth phase of wheat and relatively shallow rooting by the wheat crop at this time, the S measured in the deeper subsoil levels by the test may not be available to wheat in the early spring, especially where soils are cold. Now is a good time to collect soil samples and assess S levels as we plan for topdressing.Leaf tissue tests can be useful, particularly when determining the exact cause of yellow wheat. A representative sample can be made by collecting the newest mature leaves from 30+ plants throughout the area where deficiency symptoms are observed (“bad” areas). A similar sample from a “good” area (no deficiency symptoms) should also be collected. This will allow direct comparisons between “good” and “bad” areas.There are several S-containing fertilizer materials both dry and liquid. Supplemental resources: Sulfur in Kansas (MF 2264), http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2264.pdf For estimations of required application rates of S - Soil Test Interpretation and Fertilizer Recommendations, (MF2586) http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/mf2586.pdf

CAMPBELL: Considerations for wheat fields prone to sulfur deficiency

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e">RELATED STORY:&nbsp;Heart of a Tiger: Reflections on 2023 Tiger Athletics Hall of Fame Celebration, Part 1</a>

Tisa Mason Fort Hays State University

In <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e" target="_blank">my last column</a>, I shared how much I appreciate our annual Tiger Athletics Hall of Fame induction ceremony. It is an authentic celebration of humble, extraordinary people who share stories of grit, humor, and, most of all, love – love of their sport, teammates, and coaches. It is a day when our honorees gather with family, teammates, and friends to smile, laugh, and, I guarantee, shed a tear. It is a day for gratitude, heart, and thanksgiving.&nbsp;

The Tiger Sports Hall of Fame was established in 1986 to honor former Fort Hays State University athletes, coaches, administrators, and community members who have made an extraordinary contribution to Tiger athletics.&nbsp;

Part 2 of this two-part column includes the last four stories that filled me with emotion and appreciation for the 2023 Hall of Fame inductees.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Two things stood out about the induction of Shawn Behr – his daughter and his teammates.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Shawn Behr was an exceptional athlete, particularly in football and baseball. In 1995, Shawn had an incredible season as a quarterback at Fort Hays State University. He broke records for passing yards and touchdowns, and his achievements remained untouched for many years. Shawn's success led him to play professionally for the Helsinki Roosters, an American football team based in Helsinki, Finland.&nbsp;

I thoroughly enjoyed listening to Shawn’s teenage daughter, Kya, who had the honor of introducing her dad. I enjoyed her humor as she shared, “I can just hear it now; Kya, would you go get your Hall of Fame dad a bottle of water from the fridge.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

She also said that when her dad found out about his nomination, he was humble and quiet. With quick wit, she speculated that her dad probably didn't want many people to know about his selection, just in case something fell through for some odd reason.&nbsp;

One aspect of Shawn's life that stood out was his dedication to coaching his daughter's softball team for six years. Seeing the front table filled with softball players made me smile. Kya highlighted how her dad translated coaching lessons into life lessons, emphasizing the importance of being a good teammate, giving 100% effort, being coachable, doing things correctly, and, most importantly, having fun. Great advice!&nbsp;

Shawn, like fellow inductee and Tiger Basketball great Tyrone Shepard, who I profiled in <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e" target="_blank">Part 1 of this column</a>, recognized that his success wasn't solely his own. He believed in acknowledging the 95% of people who contributed behind the scenes, representing the teammates, support staff, and administration members who played an essential role in his accomplishments. Using the metaphor of an iceberg, Shawn eloquently conveyed that while he stood in the spotlight as the visible 5%, those behind the scenes carried the weight and allowed him to shine.&nbsp;

His appreciation extended to the unsung heroes, the 95% behind the scenes, the support staff, administrators, and all those who worked tirelessly to ensure the smooth functioning of the team. They were the unsung heroes who carried the weight, allowing the 5% to showcase their talents on game days.&nbsp;

In the end, Shawn stood there as the embodiment of gratitude, knowing that his induction into the Hall of Fame was a testament to the unwavering support of the 95%, who had pushed him to new heights. His success was a reminder that recognizing and appreciating the efforts of others was just as important as celebrating personal accomplishments.&nbsp;

I loved how Shawn and Kya’s stories captured the emotions of a young athlete rising to greatness, the gratitude of a daughter proud of her father's achievements, and the recognition of the team behind the individual success. It was a story that highlighted dedication, humility, and the transformative power of sports in shaping character and building a legacy.&nbsp;

Jamie Heiman Dreher, a standout in women's basketball at Fort Hays State from 1999-2003, had an impressive career. What I loved most about her story was how her dry sense of humor has always been a comforting presence, supporting the team in challenging situations.&nbsp;

One game that stands out is their memorable three-overtime match against Colorado School of Mines. Despite exhaustion, Jamie refused to take a break and played almost the entire game, only coming out for one minute. That is resilience. Her selfless dedication to the team's victory was truly inspiring.&nbsp;

Jamie's impact extended beyond the court, as she took immense pride in both the team's GPA and her own academic achievements.&nbsp;

Reflecting on her playing days, Jamie emphasizes the importance of hard work and making the right decisions, even if they aren't popular or enjoyable. She advises her children to prioritize dedication, surround themselves with supportive individuals, and keep God at the top of their priority list.&nbsp;

Expressing her gratitude, Jamie acknowledged all her coaches and teammates throughout her basketball career, highlighting the camaraderie and joy of competing as a team. She credits her parents for their unwavering support, prayers, and countless hours spent driving her to games and camps.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Unfortunately, Steve Boehmer was unable to attend the ceremony. A native of Bern, Kansas, Steve was the indoor 1,000-yard run national champion in 1971, running the distance in a time of 2:14, which gained him NAIA All-America honors. He was a member of the 1969 FHSU National Championship Cross Country team and contributed to a second-place team finish at nationals in 1970. Boehmer was the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference champion in the 880-yard run in 1969. He was a member of the 2-mile relay team that finished second at the NAIA Indoor Championships in 1968. He was a member of a distance medley relay team that went undefeated at the Texas, Kansas, and Drake Relays.&nbsp;

Finally, I want to mention Dale Vatapa, who was honored posthumously. Dale had an impressive wrestling career and left a lasting impact on the sport. He was a two-time NCAA All-American and the first All-America performer in the program's history. He finished third nationally in 1959 and was a national runner-up in 1960. Before attending Fort Hay State, Dale served in the Navy and was part of the all-Navy wrestling team. He even placed fifth in the 1956 US Olympic trials. Dale was rightfully elected to the Kansas Wrestling Coaches Hall of Fame in 1984. Unfortunately, he is no longer with us, but his contributions to the sport of wrestling, both as a competitor and as an official, will not be forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;

After attending the event, my heart was overflowing with immense joy. The genuine stories I had the privilege of hearing reaffirmed the profound value of the student-athlete experience. These individuals truly embody the spirit of our university, acting as beacons of inspiration and exemplifying what it means to be champions.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Throughout the years, our student-athletes have continually shaped the narrative of our university – their unwavering dedication, both on and off the field, exceptional character, and remarkable achievements in the classroom and beyond. Undoubtedly, these moments captured in the pages of our university's "family album" serve as a testament to our deeply ingrained culture and cherished values, the very essence that defines Fort Hays State University.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575302014229.png" alt="Tisa Mason is the President of Fort Hays State University. File photo" />
 <figcaption>Tisa Mason is the President of Fort Hays State University. File photo</figcaption>
 </figure><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e">RELATED STORY:&nbsp;Heart of a Tiger: Reflections on 2023 Tiger Athletics Hall of Fame Celebration, Part 1</a>Tisa Mason Fort Hays State UniversityIn <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e" target="_blank">my last column</a>, I shared how much I appreciate our annual Tiger Athletics Hall of Fame induction ceremony. It is an authentic celebration of humble, extraordinary people who share stories of grit, humor, and, most of all, love – love of their sport, teammates, and coaches. It is a day when our honorees gather with family, teammates, and friends to smile, laugh, and, I guarantee, shed a tear. It is a day for gratitude, heart, and thanksgiving.&nbsp;The Tiger Sports Hall of Fame was established in 1986 to honor former Fort Hays State University athletes, coaches, administrators, and community members who have made an extraordinary contribution to Tiger athletics.&nbsp;Part 2 of this two-part column includes the last four stories that filled me with emotion and appreciation for the 2023 Hall of Fame inductees.&nbsp;&nbsp;Two things stood out about the induction of Shawn Behr – his daughter and his teammates.&nbsp;&nbsp;Shawn Behr was an exceptional athlete, particularly in football and baseball. In 1995, Shawn had an incredible season as a quarterback at Fort Hays State University. He broke records for passing yards and touchdowns, and his achievements remained untouched for many years. Shawn's success led him to play professionally for the Helsinki Roosters, an American football team based in Helsinki, Finland.&nbsp;I thoroughly enjoyed listening to Shawn’s teenage daughter, Kya, who had the honor of introducing her dad. I enjoyed her humor as she shared, “I can just hear it now; Kya, would you go get your Hall of Fame dad a bottle of water from the fridge.”&nbsp;&nbsp;She also said that when her dad found out about his nomination, he was humble and quiet. With quick wit, she speculated that her dad probably didn't want many people to know about his selection, just in case something fell through for some odd reason.&nbsp;One aspect of Shawn's life that stood out was his dedication to coaching his daughter's softball team for six years. Seeing the front table filled with softball players made me smile. Kya highlighted how her dad translated coaching lessons into life lessons, emphasizing the importance of being a good teammate, giving 100% effort, being coachable, doing things correctly, and, most importantly, having fun. Great advice!&nbsp;Shawn, like fellow inductee and Tiger Basketball great Tyrone Shepard, who I profiled in <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/a8a86467-30ff-4313-bb03-63dc336bdf7e" target="_blank">Part 1 of this column</a>, recognized that his success wasn't solely his own. He believed in acknowledging the 95% of people who contributed behind the scenes, representing the teammates, support staff, and administration members who played an essential role in his accomplishments. Using the metaphor of an iceberg, Shawn eloquently conveyed that while he stood in the spotlight as the visible 5%, those behind the scenes carried the weight and allowed him to shine.&nbsp;His appreciation extended to the unsung heroes, the 95% behind the scenes, the support staff, administrators, and all those who worked tirelessly to ensure the smooth functioning of the team. They were the unsung heroes who carried the weight, allowing the 5% to showcase their talents on game days.&nbsp;In the end, Shawn stood there as the embodiment of gratitude, knowing that his induction into the Hall of Fame was a testament to the unwavering support of the 95%, who had pushed him to new heights. His success was a reminder that recognizing and appreciating the efforts of others was just as important as celebrating personal accomplishments.&nbsp;I loved how Shawn and Kya’s stories captured the emotions of a young athlete rising to greatness, the gratitude of a daughter proud of her father's achievements, and the recognition of the team behind the individual success. It was a story that highlighted dedication, humility, and the transformative power of sports in shaping character and building a legacy.&nbsp;Jamie Heiman Dreher, a standout in women's basketball at Fort Hays State from 1999-2003, had an impressive career. What I loved most about her story was how her dry sense of humor has always been a comforting presence, supporting the team in challenging situations.&nbsp;One game that stands out is their memorable three-overtime match against Colorado School of Mines. Despite exhaustion, Jamie refused to take a break and played almost the entire game, only coming out for one minute. That is resilience. Her selfless dedication to the team's victory was truly inspiring.&nbsp;Jamie's impact extended beyond the court, as she took immense pride in both the team's GPA and her own academic achievements.&nbsp;Reflecting on her playing days, Jamie emphasizes the importance of hard work and making the right decisions, even if they aren't popular or enjoyable. She advises her children to prioritize dedication, surround themselves with supportive individuals, and keep God at the top of their priority list.&nbsp;Expressing her gratitude, Jamie acknowledged all her coaches and teammates throughout her basketball career, highlighting the camaraderie and joy of competing as a team. She credits her parents for their unwavering support, prayers, and countless hours spent driving her to games and camps.&nbsp;&nbsp;Unfortunately, Steve Boehmer was unable to attend the ceremony. A native of Bern, Kansas, Steve was the indoor 1,000-yard run national champion in 1971, running the distance in a time of 2:14, which gained him NAIA All-America honors. He was a member of the 1969 FHSU National Championship Cross Country team and contributed to a second-place team finish at nationals in 1970. Boehmer was the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference champion in the 880-yard run in 1969. He was a member of the 2-mile relay team that finished second at the NAIA Indoor Championships in 1968. He was a member of a distance medley relay team that went undefeated at the Texas, Kansas, and Drake Relays.&nbsp;Finally, I want to mention Dale Vatapa, who was honored posthumously. Dale had an impressive wrestling career and left a lasting impact on the sport. He was a two-time NCAA All-American and the first All-America performer in the program's history. He finished third nationally in 1959 and was a national runner-up in 1960. Before attending Fort Hay State, Dale served in the Navy and was part of the all-Navy wrestling team. He even placed fifth in the 1956 US Olympic trials. Dale was rightfully elected to the Kansas Wrestling Coaches Hall of Fame in 1984. Unfortunately, he is no longer with us, but his contributions to the sport of wrestling, both as a competitor and as an official, will not be forgotten.&nbsp;&nbsp;After attending the event, my heart was overflowing with immense joy. The genuine stories I had the privilege of hearing reaffirmed the profound value of the student-athlete experience. These individuals truly embody the spirit of our university, acting as beacons of inspiration and exemplifying what it means to be champions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Throughout the years, our student-athletes have continually shaped the narrative of our university – their unwavering dedication, both on and off the field, exceptional character, and remarkable achievements in the classroom and beyond. Undoubtedly, these moments captured in the pages of our university's "family album" serve as a testament to our deeply ingrained culture and cherished values, the very essence that defines Fort Hays State University.&nbsp;

Heart of a Tiger: Reflections on 2023 Tiger Athletics Hall of Fame Celebration, Part 2 

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/99af5ed5-16ea-48f6-8270-3e8949376986">SEE RELATED STORY: Madorin: Treeing the plains</a>

By 1909, decades after the Ogallah Forestry Station opened and three years before it closed, Kansas hired new State Forester Albert Dickens. F.J. Turner served as foreman at Ogallah. 

Legislation also included the Forestry Division as part of Kansas State Agricultural College. Stations at Ogallah and Dodge remained state property and served “for the purpose of conducting experimental and demonstration work in forestry under the supervision of board of regents of the State Agricultural College.”

Kansas legislators approved a budget for the two stations for 1910 and 1911:

•&nbsp;Maintenance and Repairs-$500; $500 • Labor-$1,200; $1,200 • Purchase of seeds, trees, cuttings-$300; $300 • Postage, freights, incidentals-$200; $200

Seeking answers, researchers examined treelessness on Kansas prairies.

 They suggested wind, sun, and soil issues contributed but determined that fire best explained the lack of trees. According to early settlers, Kiowas burned the prairies north of the Arkansas to discourage northern tribes from hunting the region. According to interviews, “the deer and buffalo would desert the burned tracts and the roving Indian would find no pasture for his war horse or pack pony.” The source added, “And all the time fire was the factor that kept the timber growth from encroaching upon the domain of the prairie. In central and western Kansas, the natural timber is restricted to very narrow belts along streams.”

One K-State pamphlet suggests that broken ground, natural or manmade, checks fire, offering for example Cedar Bluffs, located in southern Trego County. Because broken rises and dips provided protection above the Smoky Hill, red cedars grew profusely. Drive rural areas today and you still find trees thriving in cuts and arroyos.

This 1910 document detailed additional difficulties Ogallah and Dodge foresters faced, with Dodge performing better. Perhaps better cultivated soils allowed seedlings to survive harsh prairie conditions. The analyst noted that if buffalo grass wasn’t controlled around seedlings, they didn’t receive necessary moisture. The state forester emphasized that western Kansas arborists needed to clear more grass and roots before planting than they imagined necessary.

According to station records, Austrian pines performed well, growing to heights of 22 ft. with a trunk meter of four inches. They grew slow but straight and added to the appearance of homes and farmsteads. Scotch pines weren’t quite as successful.

Additional statistics indicated evergreens created the best windbreaks. I’d guess red cedars outperformed the others. 

Speaking of red cedars, Ogallah employees collected starts from bluffs along the Smoky Hill River 20 miles south. Reports state those not damaged through reshaping into cones and globes grew satisfactorily. Some farmers eventually grew enough they harvested them to use for posts they could use or sell.

Among deciduous trees, green ash planted in 1892 grew well at Ogallah station. By 1909, those trees averaged 11 feet heights with four inch diameter trunks. Citations indicate nearly 90% survived and thrived. Blown in soil and Russian thistles surrounding those growing on the station’s south increased heights to 16 feet. While ash trees succeeded, borers infected black locust trees, leading to crop failure.

By 1913, Ogallah Forestry Station closed. Today’s drivers cruising Old 40 west of Ogallah won’t see a hint of the old tree station. The only remnants are lingering tree claims in the region and a government-produced pamphlet.

Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/7/1658158605319.jpeg" alt="Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)" />
 <figcaption>Karen Madorin (Courtesy photo)</figcaption>
 </figure><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/99af5ed5-16ea-48f6-8270-3e8949376986">SEE RELATED STORY: Madorin: Treeing the plains</a>By 1909, decades after the Ogallah Forestry Station opened and three years before it closed, Kansas hired new State Forester Albert Dickens. F.J. Turner served as foreman at Ogallah. Legislation also included the Forestry Division as part of Kansas State Agricultural College. Stations at Ogallah and Dodge remained state property and served “for the purpose of conducting experimental and demonstration work in forestry under the supervision of board of regents of the State Agricultural College.”Kansas legislators approved a budget for the two stations for 1910 and 1911:•&nbsp;Maintenance and Repairs-$500; $500 • Labor-$1,200; $1,200 • Purchase of seeds, trees, cuttings-$300; $300 • Postage, freights, incidentals-$200; $200 Seeking answers, researchers examined treelessness on Kansas prairies. They suggested wind, sun, and soil issues contributed but determined that fire best explained the lack of trees. According to early settlers, Kiowas burned the prairies north of the Arkansas to discourage northern tribes from hunting the region. According to interviews, “the deer and buffalo would desert the burned tracts and the roving Indian would find no pasture for his war horse or pack pony.” The source added, “And all the time fire was the factor that kept the timber growth from encroaching upon the domain of the prairie. In central and western Kansas, the natural timber is restricted to very narrow belts along streams.”One K-State pamphlet suggests that broken ground, natural or manmade, checks fire, offering for example Cedar Bluffs, located in southern Trego County. Because broken rises and dips provided protection above the Smoky Hill, red cedars grew profusely. Drive rural areas today and you still find trees thriving in cuts and arroyos.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/11/1700857896569.jpeg" alt="Trego County. Photo by Karen Madorin" />
 <figcaption>Trego County. Photo by Karen Madorin</figcaption>
 </figure>This 1910 document detailed additional difficulties Ogallah and Dodge foresters faced, with Dodge performing better. Perhaps better cultivated soils allowed seedlings to survive harsh prairie conditions. The analyst noted that if buffalo grass wasn’t controlled around seedlings, they didn’t receive necessary moisture. The state forester emphasized that western Kansas arborists needed to clear more grass and roots before planting than they imagined necessary.According to station records, Austrian pines performed well, growing to heights of 22 ft. with a trunk meter of four inches. They grew slow but straight and added to the appearance of homes and farmsteads. Scotch pines weren’t quite as successful.Additional statistics indicated evergreens created the best windbreaks. I’d guess red cedars outperformed the others. Speaking of red cedars, Ogallah employees collected starts from bluffs along the Smoky Hill River 20 miles south. Reports state those not damaged through reshaping into cones and globes grew satisfactorily. Some farmers eventually grew enough they harvested them to use for posts they could use or sell.Among deciduous trees, green ash planted in 1892 grew well at Ogallah station. By 1909, those trees averaged 11 feet heights with four inch diameter trunks. Citations indicate nearly 90% survived and thrived. Blown in soil and Russian thistles surrounding those growing on the station’s south increased heights to 16 feet. While ash trees succeeded, borers infected black locust trees, leading to crop failure.By 1913, Ogallah Forestry Station closed. Today’s drivers cruising Old 40 west of Ogallah won’t see a hint of the old tree station. The only remnants are lingering tree claims in the region and a government-produced pamphlet.Karen Madorin is a retired teacher, writer, photographer, outdoors lover, and sixth-generation Kansan.

MADORIN: Ogallah Tree Station continued   

Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.

As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.

Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.

Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.

Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?

The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:

· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body. · Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress. · Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms). · Learn different tools and techniques.

If you want to add to your stress management toolbox, join me at the Great Bend Activity Center on December 13 at noon.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body. · Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress. · Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms). · Learn different tools and techniques. If you want to add to your stress management toolbox, join me at the Great Bend Activity Center on December 13 at noon.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Managing the strain of stress

Colder weather has finally arrived in Kansas. This past weekend’s snowfall and plummeting temperatures have assured us that we are not skipping winter this year, much to my dismay. Some people get refreshed with the cooler temperatures. I, however, can live without the cold weather as I just want to hibernate inside where it is warm. I really dislike being cold, but my children remind me that there are people (like them) who prefer the cooler temperatures.

I do have to admit the snow was pretty and I love how it quiets our busy life. Not to mention the moisture is much appreciated. This brings us to the dilemma of exercise. Many love to exercise outdoors but how do we stick to our routines and healthy lifestyles if the weather has turned down the temperatures?

The Arthritis Foundation and Institute on Aging offers a few tips for cold-weather exercise.

Joint stiffness may be worse when you first wake up, making an early morning workout uncomfortable and painful. If so, take your walk later in the day when it’s warmer outside and your joints have loosened up. Plus, if you’re taking pain medications, waiting gives them a chance to kick in before you exercise. To warm your joints up faster, pop your workout clothes in the dryer for five minutes while you get ready.

Dress in several layers of loose clothing to trap warm air between them. Wear a waterproof coat or jacket if it’s snowy or rainy and don’t forget a hat, scarf and gloves. In general, start with a thin, synthetic layer (not cotton), add a layer of fleece, and top with a waterproof, breathable outer layer.

Hydration is more often associated with sweating and the summer months, but it’s just as important to drink plenty of water in winter, too. You still sweat and lose fluid in cold weather so make sure you stay hydrated. Dehydration can affect mood and even brain function. In general, drink about 16 ounces (two cups) of water two hours before a workout.

Working out in cold weather exposes your hands, feet, ears and nose to severe temperatures. If you have Raynaud’s disease, a condition that causes abnormal sensitivity to cold and restricts blood flow to fingers and toes, wear mittens instead of gloves and use chemical hand warmers in your mittens and boots. Keep your head and ears warmer with a hat or beanie.

Even in the cold, a sunny day can result in sunburn. This is especially true if you have psoriasis or lupus, or if you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or methotrexate, which can make your skin more sun-sensitive. Make sure you wear appropriate sunscreen (SPF 50) on exposed parts and protect your eyes with sunglasses or ski goggles. Remember to reapply if you’re sweating or after more than two hours outdoors. Include a soothing lip balm with sunscreen to prevent windburn and sunburn.

Ice isn’t the only danger when walking or exercising outdoors. Packed snow can also make you lose your footing and cause a fall. “Look for ways to get added traction,” says Tom Holland, exercise physiologist and fitness consultant. He recommends simple cleats to strap on your shoes that provide traction when walking on ice or snow. Trail shoes also provide more grip and stability than running or walking shoes that are made for the road.

Take a phone and let people know where you’re going, says Holland. “If you slip or fall while walking or biking it’s a good idea someone knows where they can find you.” In addition, choose a neighborhood that’s familiar to you, so if large snowbanks or road detours prevent you from taking your regular route, you’ll know how to find your way back home, Holland adds.

Before you go outside, spend a few minutes warming up, which is especially important when you have arthritis. Warm up by marching in place or on a treadmill for 5 to 10 minutes at a slow-comfortable pace, and then stretching out all major muscle groups. After your workout, take time to cool down and stretch out.

Cardiovascular exercise does not have to include high-impact exercise such as skiing, jogging or running. Snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking are low-impact cardio options that are not only easier on joints but also provide all the benefits of physical activity.

On the coldest winter days, it’s best to work out indoors where you can more easily control the environment. Walk at the mall, pedal a stationary bike, go for a swim at the local aquatic center or take an exercise class at the gym. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, cold weather itself should not be a barrier to exercising outdoors, especially if you are accustomed to it. However, those with Raynaud’s syndrome, heart disease or asthma are at highest risk of being impacted by the cold and may need to avoid outdoor exercise in frigid temperatures altogether.

Remember, staying active has many benefits to both your mental and physical health. Find a way to keep active, even when the weather isn’t cooperating.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

Colder weather has finally arrived in Kansas. This past weekend’s snowfall and plummeting temperatures have assured us that we are not skipping winter this year, much to my dismay. Some people get refreshed with the cooler temperatures. I, however, can live without the cold weather as I just want to hibernate inside where it is warm. I really dislike being cold, but my children remind me that there are people (like them) who prefer the cooler temperatures.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>I do have to admit the snow was pretty and I love how it quiets our busy life. Not to mention the moisture is much appreciated. This brings us to the dilemma of exercise. Many love to exercise outdoors but how do we stick to our routines and healthy lifestyles if the weather has turned down the temperatures?The Arthritis Foundation and Institute on Aging offers a few tips for cold-weather exercise.<h2>Time it right</h2>Joint stiffness may be worse when you first wake up, making an early morning workout uncomfortable and painful. If so, take your walk later in the day when it’s warmer outside and your joints have loosened up. Plus, if you’re taking pain medications, waiting gives them a chance to kick in before you exercise. To warm your joints up faster, pop your workout clothes in the dryer for five minutes while you get ready.<h2>Dress in loose layers</h2>Dress in several layers of loose clothing to trap warm air between them. Wear a waterproof coat or jacket if it’s snowy or rainy and don’t forget a hat, scarf and gloves. In general, start with a thin, synthetic layer (not cotton), add a layer of fleece, and top with a waterproof, breathable outer layer.<h2>Drink up</h2>Hydration is more often associated with sweating and the summer months, but it’s just as important to drink plenty of water in winter, too. You still sweat and lose fluid in cold weather so make sure you stay hydrated. Dehydration can affect mood and even brain function. In general, drink about 16 ounces (two cups) of water two hours before a workout.<h2>Protect your extremities</h2>Working out in cold weather exposes your hands, feet, ears and nose to severe temperatures. If you have Raynaud’s disease, a condition that causes abnormal sensitivity to cold and restricts blood flow to fingers and toes, wear mittens instead of gloves and use chemical hand warmers in your mittens and boots. Keep your head and ears warmer with a hat or beanie.<h2>Wear sunblock</h2>Even in the cold, a sunny day can result in sunburn. This is especially true if you have psoriasis or lupus, or if you take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or methotrexate, which can make your skin more sun-sensitive. Make sure you wear appropriate sunscreen (SPF 50) on exposed parts and protect your eyes with sunglasses or ski goggles. Remember to reapply if you’re sweating or after more than two hours outdoors. Include a soothing lip balm with sunscreen to prevent windburn and sunburn.<h2>Get traction</h2>Ice isn’t the only danger when walking or exercising outdoors. Packed snow can also make you lose your footing and cause a fall. “Look for ways to get added traction,” says Tom Holland, exercise physiologist and fitness consultant. He recommends simple cleats to strap on your shoes that provide traction when walking on ice or snow. Trail shoes also provide more grip and stability than running or walking shoes that are made for the road.<h2>Safety first</h2>Take a phone and let people know where you’re going, says Holland. “If you slip or fall while walking or biking it’s a good idea someone knows where they can find you.” In addition, choose a neighborhood that’s familiar to you, so if large snowbanks or road detours prevent you from taking your regular route, you’ll know how to find your way back home, Holland adds.<h2>Warm up, cool down</h2>Before you go outside, spend a few minutes warming up, which is especially important when you have arthritis. Warm up by marching in place or on a treadmill for 5 to 10 minutes at a slow-comfortable pace, and then stretching out all major muscle groups. After your workout, take time to cool down and stretch out.<h2>Think low-impact</h2>Cardiovascular exercise does not have to include high-impact exercise such as skiing, jogging or running. Snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking are low-impact cardio options that are not only easier on joints but also provide all the benefits of physical activity.<h2>Take it inside</h2>On the coldest winter days, it’s best to work out indoors where you can more easily control the environment. Walk at the mall, pedal a stationary bike, go for a swim at the local aquatic center or take an exercise class at the gym. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, cold weather itself should not be a barrier to exercising outdoors, especially if you are accustomed to it. However, those with Raynaud’s syndrome, heart disease or asthma are at highest risk of being impacted by the cold and may need to avoid outdoor exercise in frigid temperatures altogether.Remember, staying active has many benefits to both your mental and physical health. Find a way to keep active, even when the weather isn’t cooperating.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

Koerner: Colder weather and exercise

We are now in the thick of gift-buying season. As Kansas consumers navigate Black Friday, Small Business Saturday and other seasonal sales, they must consider the burden of sales taxes in their shopping plans.

In Kansas, many local governments rely on a sales tax as part of their revenue stream. Cities and counties often adopt new and/or increase existing sales taxes through voter approval. This was the case in the most recent November elections in cities including Derby and Benton. While these ballot initiatives passed in some cities, they failed in others, including Haysville where the proposed tax increase failed by one vote.

Over time, local governments have become more reliant on sales taxes in their pursuit of a diverse revenue strategy.

Cities can experience certain benefits when using a sales tax to generate revenue.

Sales tax revenue can be a substantial source of income for cities. Sales taxes tap into consumer spending, providing funding for essential government services. In this sense, the sales tax contributes to the overall development and health of the city or county.

Another benefit is the ability of a sales tax to capture revenue from non-residents who purchase taxable goods through tourism or when commuting for work. This can provide an attractive revenue option to city leaders, particularly political leaders, hoping to boost city funds without placing the entire tax burden on their own residents. In fact, several Kansas cities, including Benton, proposed new or increased sales taxes to provide property tax relief for their own residents in 2023.

However, cities should also consider the volatility of sales tax revenue when determining how much to rely on this source of income. Economic downturns or changes in consumer behavior can lead to fluctuations in the amount of revenue generated. This makes it challenging for local governments to plan their budgets effectively.

This instability may result in financial strain in maintaining public services during lean times when these services may be critical to residents.

Furthermore, local governments must remember that sales taxes create a competitive disadvantage for local businesses trying to compete with online retailers. This is because these online businesses may not be subject to the same tax regulations. Local sales taxes may negatively affect the economic environment for brick-and-mortar stores within the city.

Finally, sales taxes are regressive. They impose the same rate on goods and services for all consumers, regardless of income. Sales taxes disproportionately affect lower-income individuals. It can impact their purchasing power and exacerbate economic inequality within the city. This is particularly true when a sales tax is imposed on necessities like groceries.

In summary, while a local sales tax offers cities a robust revenue stream with the potential to attract funds from non-residents, its regressive nature, volatility, and impact on economic competition pose significant drawbacks.

Achieving a balanced revenue strategy that considers the welfare of all residents and adapts to the ever-changing economic landscape is crucial for the long-term fiscal health of Kansas cities.

Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Kansas State University.

We are now in the thick of gift-buying season. As Kansas consumers navigate Black Friday, Small Business Saturday and other seasonal sales, they must consider the burden of sales taxes in their shopping plans.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/3/1678375940173.jpeg" alt="Brianne Heidbreder" />
 <figcaption>Brianne Heidbreder</figcaption>
 </figure>In Kansas, many local governments rely on a sales tax as part of their revenue stream. Cities and counties often adopt new and/or increase existing sales taxes through voter approval. This was the case in the most recent November elections in cities including Derby and Benton. While these ballot initiatives passed in some cities, they failed in others, including Haysville where the proposed tax increase failed by one vote.Over time, local governments have become more reliant on sales taxes in their pursuit of a diverse revenue strategy.Cities can experience certain benefits when using a sales tax to generate revenue.Sales tax revenue can be a substantial source of income for cities. Sales taxes tap into consumer spending, providing funding for essential government services. In this sense, the sales tax contributes to the overall development and health of the city or county.Another benefit is the ability of a sales tax to capture revenue from non-residents who purchase taxable goods through tourism or when commuting for work. This can provide an attractive revenue option to city leaders, particularly political leaders, hoping to boost city funds without placing the entire tax burden on their own residents. In fact, several Kansas cities, including Benton, proposed new or increased sales taxes to provide property tax relief for their own residents in 2023.However, cities should also consider the volatility of sales tax revenue when determining how much to rely on this source of income. Economic downturns or changes in consumer behavior can lead to fluctuations in the amount of revenue generated. This makes it challenging for local governments to plan their budgets effectively.This instability may result in financial strain in maintaining public services during lean times when these services may be critical to residents.Furthermore, local governments must remember that sales taxes create a competitive disadvantage for local businesses trying to compete with online retailers. This is because these online businesses may not be subject to the same tax regulations. Local sales taxes may negatively affect the economic environment for brick-and-mortar stores within the city.Finally, sales taxes are regressive. They impose the same rate on goods and services for all consumers, regardless of income. Sales taxes disproportionately affect lower-income individuals. It can impact their purchasing power and exacerbate economic inequality within the city. This is particularly true when a sales tax is imposed on necessities like groceries.In summary, while a local sales tax offers cities a robust revenue stream with the potential to attract funds from non-residents, its regressive nature, volatility, and impact on economic competition pose significant drawbacks.Achieving a balanced revenue strategy that considers the welfare of all residents and adapts to the ever-changing economic landscape is crucial for the long-term fiscal health of Kansas cities.Brianne Heidbreder, Ph.D., is an associate professor of political science at Kansas State University.

INSIGHT: Generating revenue: Local governments and sales tax

With harvest complete and some relatively mild temperatures heading into winter, farmers might take to the field for deep tillage such as ripping, or to make earthwork repairs around the farm. A few days before you want to start these activities, call 811 for your safety and to prevent expensive damage to underground utilities. The website, <a href="http://call811.com">http://call811.com</a>, has easy-to-follow instructions for requesting this free service and detailed information concerning why you need to know what’s below.

With harvest complete and some relatively mild temperatures heading into winter, farmers might take to the field for deep tillage such as ripping, or to make earthwork repairs around the farm. A few days before you want to start these activities, call 811 for your safety and to prevent expensive damage to underground utilities. The website, <a href="http://call811.com">http://call811.com</a>, has easy-to-follow instructions for requesting this free service and detailed information concerning why you need to know what’s below.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>A video produced by Marathon Oil tells the story of a farm family and their close call with a pipeline when installing tile drains. The landowner knew where the pipeline entered and exited the field, and they assumed the pipeline was straight— it wasn’t. Watch this 6-minute, eye-opening video for the whole story: <a href="https://youtu.be/oe-iknpYzF8">https://youtu.be/oe-iknpYzF8</a>.Sadly, fatal accidents do happen in soil excavations. If you dig any trenches or soil pits, safety should be considered from the very beginning of the project. Soils with sandy textures are more susceptible to collapse than soils with a higher clay content. If standing water is present in the pit, the walls are more apt to collapse. Digging in soils that have been disturbed before, such as digging next to a hydrant or foundation, means that the soil is far less stable than you might expect if that soil had never been disturbed before.Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines exist on excavation safety, such as when it is necessary to shore the walls of a soil pit or trench. One important consideration is soil should be piled a minimum of 2 feet away from the walls of the trenches for two reasons: 1) Soil clods or excavating tools could roll back into the trench and cause injury to occupants. 2) It helps reduce the risk of a trench collapse by keeping the weight of the soil piles away from the trench edges.Even if a soil pit is 5 feet deep or less, it is a good idea to angle the edges, especially if the texture is sandy, the soil is wet, or if the soil is otherwise unstable. This does create more disturbance, but if it prevents an accident, it’s worth it.For more information on trenching and excavation safety, see the following OSHA publication: Trenching and Excavation Safety, <a href="https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdf">https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2226.pdf</a>New in January – K-State Corn and Soybean Schools held togetherIn January, look for a new format for the traditional K-State Corn and Soybean Winter Crop Schools. K-State Research and Extension, in collaboration with Kansas Corn and Kansas Soybean, has combined the schools for a whole-day program covering both crops. Save the date for one of the locations near you!2024-State Corn and Soybean Crop SchoolsJan. 16 (Tuesday) – Parsons K-State Southeast Research and Extension Center. Jan. 17 (Wednesday) – Hesston Agco Corporation. Jan. 18 (Thursday) – Garden City, Corteva Agriscience Research Center. Jan. 19 – Olathe, John Deer Ag Marketing Center.Stay tuned to the weekly Agronomy eUpdate in the coming weeks for the complete agendas and how to register. To sign up for the eUpdate <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php</a>Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District, which includes Barton and Ellis counties, for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

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