By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension District

Make plans to attend the Central Kansas Beef Summit on Tuesday, November 19th, 2024, from 9:00 am – 3:15 pm. The event will be highlighted by a presentation on managing cold stress in livestock and calving preparedness. This presentation is given by KSU Beef Extension Veterinarian AJ Tarpoff.

In addition to Dr. Tarpoff, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s breakout topics will cover fence law &amp; leases, livestock risk protection insurance, strategies for managing woody encroachment, trees and brush, and feed testing techniques.

The day will conclude with a presentation by the staff at the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Services.

The summit will be held at the Ellsworth Health &amp; Recreation Center located at 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth KS 67439. This program will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to also take part in conversation with one another.  

Make sure to RSVP by November 12th to reserve a meal. The cost to attend is $10 or late registration will be $15 at the door.

For more information on the event, or to register, please call Livestock Production Agent Clint Laflin at 785-483-3157 or send him an email at cllaflin@ksu.edu. This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Midway, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley, Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock. We look forward to you joining us!

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictMake plans to attend the Central Kansas Beef Summit on Tuesday, November 19th, 2024, from 9:00 am – 3:15 pm. The event will be highlighted by a presentation on managing cold stress in livestock and calving preparedness. This presentation is given by KSU Beef Extension Veterinarian AJ Tarpoff.In addition to Dr. Tarpoff, the program will offer breakout sessions where attendees can pick and choose which topics apply to them. This year’s breakout topics will cover fence law &amp; leases, livestock risk protection insurance, strategies for managing woody encroachment, trees and brush, and feed testing techniques.The day will conclude with a presentation by the staff at the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Services.The summit will be held at the Ellsworth Health &amp; Recreation Center located at 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth KS 67439. This program will be a collaboration among numerous K-State Research and Extension districts and will give producers a better chance to not only hear from industry leaders, but to also take part in conversation with one another.  Make sure to RSVP by November 12th to reserve a meal. The cost to attend is $10 or late registration will be $15 at the door.For more information on the event, or to register, please call Livestock Production Agent Clint Laflin at 785-483-3157 or send him an email at cllaflin@ksu.edu. This event has been generously sponsored by several agribusinesses in collaboration with K-State Research and Extension Districts, Midway, Central KS, Cottonwood, Midway, River Valley, Phillips/Rooks, and Post Rock. We look forward to you joining us!Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Central Kanas Beef Summit Program to be hosted in Ellsworth

By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension District

Health numbers can tell us a lot about the condition of our bodies, and one that many of us pay close attention to is cholesterol. However, it can be tricky to understand what cholesterol numbers mean and how to keep them in check.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood lipids, and it's an essential component the body uses to build and maintain healthy cells and hormones. While cholesterol is important for good health, it’s a measurement that many of us struggle to control. This is because cholesterol can take on two forms that impact the body differently.

One form is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) which is known as “bad” cholesterol. The other form, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is “good” cholesterol.

Too much LDL creates plaque that can accumulate and clog the arteries causing heart disease and stroke. On the other hand, HDL is good because it helps clean artery walls and carry away excess LDL. This is why it’s smart to keep LDL cholesterol under 100 and HDL at 60 or above. Together, the total amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood should be under 200. This is known as “total cholesterol.”

High cholesterol has no symptoms and many people are unaware of their risk. However, factors that can increase the risk of developing high cholesterol such as diet and physical activity are modifiable.

For instance, about 25% of cholesterol comes from foods such as meat, fish, and dairy while the rest is made by the human body. This is how a person’s diet can influence the type of cholesterol in one’s body. Eating a diet rich in unsaturated fats including omega-3 fatty acids promotes the production of HDL. Sources like avocado, walnuts, and olive oil can help. Also, adding soluble fiber can help to remove

LDL, and reducing red meat and full-fat dairy products can lower the amount of LDL introduced to the body.

Along with good nutrition, adequate physical activity improves total cholesterol. Cardiovascular exercises like swimming and running work to reduce bad cholesterol by increasing HDL. Resistance training also plays a part in enhancing the benefits of cardio. Including weights, resistance bands, and bodyweight movements in your routine can make an impact.

Of course, not all risk factors are controllable. For example, age, family history, and gender can play a part. However, lifestyle factors like a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management help to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. So, do your part to take control of cholesterol; you might just realize how much better you feel.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictHealth numbers can tell us a lot about the condition of our bodies, and one that many of us pay close attention to is cholesterol. However, it can be tricky to understand what cholesterol numbers mean and how to keep them in check.Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood lipids, and it's an essential component the body uses to build and maintain healthy cells and hormones. While cholesterol is important for good health, it’s a measurement that many of us struggle to control. This is because cholesterol can take on two forms that impact the body differently.One form is low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) which is known as “bad” cholesterol. The other form, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is “good” cholesterol.Too much LDL creates plaque that can accumulate and clog the arteries causing heart disease and stroke. On the other hand, HDL is good because it helps clean artery walls and carry away excess LDL. This is why it’s smart to keep LDL cholesterol under 100 and HDL at 60 or above. Together, the total amount of cholesterol circulating in the blood should be under 200. This is known as “total cholesterol.”High cholesterol has no symptoms and many people are unaware of their risk. However, factors that can increase the risk of developing high cholesterol such as diet and physical activity are modifiable.For instance, about 25% of cholesterol comes from foods such as meat, fish, and dairy while the rest is made by the human body. This is how a person’s diet can influence the type of cholesterol in one’s body. Eating a diet rich in unsaturated fats including omega-3 fatty acids promotes the production of HDL. Sources like avocado, walnuts, and olive oil can help. Also, adding soluble fiber can help to removeLDL, and reducing red meat and full-fat dairy products can lower the amount of LDL introduced to the body.Along with good nutrition, adequate physical activity improves total cholesterol. Cardiovascular exercises like swimming and running work to reduce bad cholesterol by increasing HDL. Resistance training also plays a part in enhancing the benefits of cardio. Including weights, resistance bands, and bodyweight movements in your routine can make an impact.Of course, not all risk factors are controllable. For example, age, family history, and gender can play a part. However, lifestyle factors like a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management help to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. So, do your part to take control of cholesterol; you might just realize how much better you feel.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Take control of cholesterol

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), sometimes called wild cane or black amber, is the same species as our domesticated sorghums. Some authorities give it the subspecies name drummondii to distinguish it from our cultivated varieties, though the taxonomy of this genus is often debated. What is certain, though, is that shattercane easily cross-pollinates with cultivated sorghums via insects and wind-dispersed pollen and also cross-pollinates with its weedy relative johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense).

Ecology - A native of Africa, this species is now widespread in areas of the world where domesticated grain or forage sorghums are grown. It is possible that sorghum arrived in the U.S. as early as the 1600s, but reliable records indicate that several documented introductions occurred in the early 1800s. Shattercane can be utilized by livestock as a forage, but it can accumulate toxic nitrates and prussic acid under certain conditions. Undigested seeds can be spread in manure applied to fields. Shattercane seeds can also be buoyant, allowing for dispersal in moving water. Birds and small mammals utilize its seeds. Shattercane is a host species for disease and insect pests of sorghum and corn. Yield losses from shattercane interference can be as high as 70% in corn and greater than 95% in soybeans.

Identification- shattercane is a warm-season plant growing up to 12 feet tall. The plant is quite variable in growth habits and tolerant of both heat and drought. The stems are unbranched, but the plant tillers at the base to form clumps. The leaves are generally smooth and display a prominent midrib. They can be up to 20 inches long and 2 inches wide. It has a short membranous ligule with a fringe of hairs at the top. The inflorescence is typically a loose panicle with several pendulous (drooping) racemes (branches). Seeds are dark brown and typically covered with deep purple to black chaff. The panicles, which can number from one to six per plant, produce between 500 and 1500 seeds each. A special layer of abscission cells at the base of the seeds allows them to easily dislodge (shatter) at maturity, giving the plant its common name. Management -to see the detailed herbicide management practices for shattercane control in soybean, sunflower, corn, grain and forage sorghum. Go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and see the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

To prevent the spread of shattercane seeds by harvesting infested fields last (where possible), thoroughly cleaning harvest equipment before moving to a new field, and controlling shattercane in ditches and roadways. These cultural control methods are good integrated weed management practices regardless of which crop is being grown.

Information provided by Sarah Lancaster and Patrick Geier, K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialist.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictShattercane (Sorghum bicolor), sometimes called wild cane or black amber, is the same species as our domesticated sorghums. Some authorities give it the subspecies name drummondii to distinguish it from our cultivated varieties, though the taxonomy of this genus is often debated. What is certain, though, is that shattercane easily cross-pollinates with cultivated sorghums via insects and wind-dispersed pollen and also cross-pollinates with its weedy relative johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense).Ecology - A native of Africa, this species is now widespread in areas of the world where domesticated grain or forage sorghums are grown. It is possible that sorghum arrived in the U.S. as early as the 1600s, but reliable records indicate that several documented introductions occurred in the early 1800s. Shattercane can be utilized by livestock as a forage, but it can accumulate toxic nitrates and prussic acid under certain conditions. Undigested seeds can be spread in manure applied to fields. Shattercane seeds can also be buoyant, allowing for dispersal in moving water. Birds and small mammals utilize its seeds. Shattercane is a host species for disease and insect pests of sorghum and corn. Yield losses from shattercane interference can be as high as 70% in corn and greater than 95% in soybeans.Identification- shattercane is a warm-season plant growing up to 12 feet tall. The plant is quite variable in growth habits and tolerant of both heat and drought. The stems are unbranched, but the plant tillers at the base to form clumps. The leaves are generally smooth and display a prominent midrib. They can be up to 20 inches long and 2 inches wide. It has a short membranous ligule with a fringe of hairs at the top. The inflorescence is typically a loose panicle with several pendulous (drooping) racemes (branches). Seeds are dark brown and typically covered with deep purple to black chaff. The panicles, which can number from one to six per plant, produce between 500 and 1500 seeds each. A special layer of abscission cells at the base of the seeds allows them to easily dislodge (shatter) at maturity, giving the plant its common name. Management -to see the detailed herbicide management practices for shattercane control in soybean, sunflower, corn, grain and forage sorghum. Go to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and see the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.To prevent the spread of shattercane seeds by harvesting infested fields last (where possible), thoroughly cleaning harvest equipment before moving to a new field, and controlling shattercane in ditches and roadways. These cultural control methods are good integrated weed management practices regardless of which crop is being grown.Information provided by Sarah Lancaster and Patrick Geier, K-State Research &amp; Extension Weed Management Specialist.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Shattercane weed

October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and every year pink ribbons intertwine throughout the media. These small symbols represent the big issue of breast cancer and those affected by the disease. And there’s good reason to raise awareness as breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the U.S. In fact, one in eight women will have breast cancer at some point. In Kansas, it’s the top diagnosed invasive cancer.

The statistics are high. What would you do if you knew your chances of developing breast cancer were increased?

Your lifestyle can play a large role in overall health, and specifically, there are ways to take action to reduce your risk of breast cancer:

· Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight in the upper body is shown to increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.

· Breastfeed. It’s not always possible for moms to breastfeed, but for those who can, it can offer some protection against cancer.

· Minimize post-menopausal hormone treatment. Follow the advice of your healthcare provider, but understand the risks of hormone replacement therapy.

· Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Good nutrition protects against cancer at the cellular level. Look for antioxidant-rich foods like berries, spinach, walnuts, and green tea.

· Get enough physical activity. Studies show that women who exercise four or more hours per week have a lower risk of breast cancer than less active women.

Like all diseases, some risk factors, such as genetic makeup and family history, are uncontrollable. In this case, embracing a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk is especially important. Along with this, regular breast exams can be lifesaving. In fact, women aged 45-54 should get a mammogram every year.

Unfortunately, breast cancer is common, and you likely know someone who has been diagnosed with the disease. But with advances in research and early detection, there are more survivors of breast cancer every year.

So, continue to spread awareness and proudly wear pink. Support those who battle breast cancer, and encourage healthy behaviors to reduce your risk. With conscious efforts, together we can help to make breast cancer less common in years to come.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictOctober is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and every year pink ribbons intertwine throughout the media. These small symbols represent the big issue of breast cancer and those affected by the disease. And there’s good reason to raise awareness as breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the U.S. In fact, one in eight women will have breast cancer at some point. In Kansas, it’s the top diagnosed invasive cancer.The statistics are high. What would you do if you knew your chances of developing breast cancer were increased?Your lifestyle can play a large role in overall health, and specifically, there are ways to take action to reduce your risk of breast cancer:· Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight in the upper body is shown to increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer.· Breastfeed. It’s not always possible for moms to breastfeed, but for those who can, it can offer some protection against cancer.· Minimize post-menopausal hormone treatment. Follow the advice of your healthcare provider, but understand the risks of hormone replacement therapy.· Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Good nutrition protects against cancer at the cellular level. Look for antioxidant-rich foods like berries, spinach, walnuts, and green tea.· Get enough physical activity. Studies show that women who exercise four or more hours per week have a lower risk of breast cancer than less active women.Like all diseases, some risk factors, such as genetic makeup and family history, are uncontrollable. In this case, embracing a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk is especially important. Along with this, regular breast exams can be lifesaving. In fact, women aged 45-54 should get a mammogram every year.Unfortunately, breast cancer is common, and you likely know someone who has been diagnosed with the disease. But with advances in research and early detection, there are more survivors of breast cancer every year.So, continue to spread awareness and proudly wear pink. Support those who battle breast cancer, and encourage healthy behaviors to reduce your risk. With conscious efforts, together we can help to make breast cancer less common in years to come.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Reduce your risk of breast cancer

ELLSWORTH – Kansas State University extension specialists and agricultural agents and local conservation district representatives will host a field day focused on controlling woody encroachment and other brush management techniques.

This free event, beginning at 10:30 a.m. on November 6, will offer expert advice to the public about how to use chemical and mechanical treatments to combat the spread of invasive trees and brush. It will be hosted at the Robin Kohls Ranch, and a free lunch will be provided to participants.

Organizers say managing the spread of trees on grassland is essential.

“We know that Kansas is losing a lot of acres of grassland and pasture to the spread of trees and other brush,” said Stacie Minson, K-State Research and Extension watershed specialist. “The economic loss for landowners and producers means learning these key land management strategies will be really beneficial now, and into the future.”

The program will include other topics as well, including the use of alternative watering systems for livestock, winter cow nutrition, and other water quality concerns. Minson said that this is especially relevant, as the day’s discussion will help the public learn more about how to improve water quality in Kanopolis Reservoir, which is the oldest reservoir in the state of Kansas.

The field day is sponsored by Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds, Midway Extension District, Ellsworth County Conservation District and Natural Resource Conservation Service in Ellsworth. Speakers from K-State will include experts on soil science, cropping systems, and watershed management.

Those interested in attending are asked to register online at https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0DnuDqCgW3zs0cu or to call 785-472-3161, ext. 3.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt=" " />
 <figcaption> </figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictELLSWORTH – Kansas State University extension specialists and agricultural agents and local conservation district representatives will host a field day focused on controlling woody encroachment and other brush management techniques.This free event, beginning at 10:30 a.m. on November 6, will offer expert advice to the public about how to use chemical and mechanical treatments to combat the spread of invasive trees and brush. It will be hosted at the Robin Kohls Ranch, and a free lunch will be provided to participants.Organizers say managing the spread of trees on grassland is essential.“We know that Kansas is losing a lot of acres of grassland and pasture to the spread of trees and other brush,” said Stacie Minson, K-State Research and Extension watershed specialist. “The economic loss for landowners and producers means learning these key land management strategies will be really beneficial now, and into the future.”The program will include other topics as well, including the use of alternative watering systems for livestock, winter cow nutrition, and other water quality concerns. Minson said that this is especially relevant, as the day’s discussion will help the public learn more about how to improve water quality in Kanopolis Reservoir, which is the oldest reservoir in the state of Kansas.The field day is sponsored by Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds, Midway Extension District, Ellsworth County Conservation District and Natural Resource Conservation Service in Ellsworth. Speakers from K-State will include experts on soil science, cropping systems, and watershed management.Those interested in attending are asked to register online at https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0DnuDqCgW3zs0cu or to call 785-472-3161, ext. 3.

BOOR: K-State experts host field day about brush management

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

Many people, for a variety of reasons, such as arthritis or other painful conditions, don’t participate in regular physical activity, despite the health benefits it would offer.

The Arthritis Foundation Walk With Ease program was developed to help people with or without arthritis form walking groups whose goals are safety and success. The program’s three major objectives are to provide participants with

· Education about successful physical activity for people with arthritis

· Opportunity to begin and develop an ongoing aerobic fitness program

Walk with Ease’s information and strategies are based on research and tested programs in exercise science, behavior change, and arthritis management.

Groups meet for 6 weeks, three times per week. Each session lasts about one hour. The length of each session depends on how long your group decides to walk. At the start, some people may only be able to walk 5 to 15 minutes, but the program will help you gradually build up to at least 30 minutes of walking, three times a week. The program can be modified to meet the interests and needs of participants, who walk at their own pace.

Each session begins with a brief discussion of a topic important to successful walking or arthritis management. After the discussion the group will warm up, stretch, walk, cool down, and stretch one last time. Walking with a group is fun and groups often spend additional time socializing.

The Walk with Ease program is designed for people with arthritis- young and old, male and female, fit and not-so-fit. It is also suitable for people without arthritis who would like to begin a regular walking program to gain the benefits of regular aerobic exercise.

If you can be on your feet for 10 minutes without increased pain, you can probably participate successfully, and the program can be modified to meet your needs.

If you want to participate but have concerns about your health, consult your health care practitioner before you begin.

To participate in the course, you complete and return an application. Please contact the Cottonwood Extension Office at 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu or you can stop by the office at 601 Main St. to fill out the application. The cost is $15 to participate. You receive a book with the class. Classes will meet most Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays at 9:30am at Hays Recreation Center gyms. Classes begin November 4, 2024 and ends on December 13, 2024.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictMany people, for a variety of reasons, such as arthritis or other painful conditions, don’t participate in regular physical activity, despite the health benefits it would offer.The Arthritis Foundation Walk With Ease program was developed to help people with or without arthritis form walking groups whose goals are safety and success. The program’s three major objectives are to provide participants with· Education about successful physical activity for people with arthritis· Education about arthritis management· Opportunity to begin and develop an ongoing aerobic fitness programWalk with Ease’s information and strategies are based on research and tested programs in exercise science, behavior change, and arthritis management.How does it work?Groups meet for 6 weeks, three times per week. Each session lasts about one hour. The length of each session depends on how long your group decides to walk. At the start, some people may only be able to walk 5 to 15 minutes, but the program will help you gradually build up to at least 30 minutes of walking, three times a week. The program can be modified to meet the interests and needs of participants, who walk at their own pace.Each session begins with a brief discussion of a topic important to successful walking or arthritis management. After the discussion the group will warm up, stretch, walk, cool down, and stretch one last time. Walking with a group is fun and groups often spend additional time socializing.Who can participate?The Walk with Ease program is designed for people with arthritis- young and old, male and female, fit and not-so-fit. It is also suitable for people without arthritis who would like to begin a regular walking program to gain the benefits of regular aerobic exercise.If you can be on your feet for 10 minutes without increased pain, you can probably participate successfully, and the program can be modified to meet your needs.If you want to participate but have concerns about your health, consult your health care practitioner before you begin.How do I register?To participate in the course, you complete and return an application. Please contact the Cottonwood Extension Office at 785-628-9430 or email moniquek@ksu.edu or you can stop by the office at 601 Main St. to fill out the application. The cost is $15 to participate. You receive a book with the class. Classes will meet most Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays at 9:30am at Hays Recreation Center gyms. Classes begin November 4, 2024 and ends on December 13, 2024.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Walk with ease

Cool-season forages require annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is a good time to plan on fertilizing cool-season improved pasture or hayfields of perennial grasses such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Ideally a soil sample should be taken before-hand to know how much of each nutrient you need. If you need information on how to take correct soil samples for bromegrass contact your local Extension Office. We have soil probes you can check out to do it as well.

Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphate limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins.

Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available—liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers—including liquid nitrogen—are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea to ammonia, which is lost to the air. This can occur fairly rapidly when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February, volatilization loss should be minimal.

Application Timing - when brome is grazed or hayed in the fall, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus and potassium indicated by a soil test plus half of the nitrogen recommended per acre. Then before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remainder of the nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring.

If soil moisture is limited, apply all nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before the soil freezes in November or December. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.

Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. Timely application can be delayed because of wet soils. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.

Fertilizer Rates (N, P, and K). Due to space limitations for this article. Fertilizer rate recommendations for N, P, and K for established stands of smooth bromegrass can be accessed by going to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and looking at the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictCool-season forages require annual fertilization for optimum production. Fall is a good time to plan on fertilizing cool-season improved pasture or hayfields of perennial grasses such as smooth brome. Particular attention must be paid to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH. Ideally a soil sample should be taken before-hand to know how much of each nutrient you need. If you need information on how to take correct soil samples for bromegrass contact your local Extension Office. We have soil probes you can check out to do it as well.Balanced fertility is essential. For example, adding nitrogen will not produce optimum yields if phosphorus is low. Soils low in phosphate limit plant and root growth. Fertilizer should be applied by broadcasting in the fall or before spring growth begins.Nitrogen Source - nitrogen management is critical for optimum smooth brome production. Several nitrogen sources are available—liquid nitrogen solutions, urea, ammonium nitrate, and anhydrous ammonia. Anhydrous ammonia is not extensively used on permanent pastures because application is difficult. Nitrogen source research generally has shown little difference among sources under most conditions. When urea fertilizers—including liquid nitrogen—are applied to moist soils covered with grass residue, an enzyme called urease can break down the urea to ammonia, which is lost to the air. This can occur fairly rapidly when moist conditions are followed by warm temperatures, and rapid drying occurs without rain to move the urea into the soil. If urea is applied from November through February, volatilization loss should be minimal.Application Timing - when brome is grazed or hayed in the fall, the yearly nitrogen application should be split. If adequate soil moisture is available for good growth in late August and early September, apply all phosphorus and potassium indicated by a soil test plus half of the nitrogen recommended per acre. Then before the soil freezes in November or December, apply the remainder of the nitrogen recommended for haying or grazing. Split or late fall applications generally initiate earlier green-up in the spring.If soil moisture is limited, apply all nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before the soil freezes in November or December. To minimize loss, do not apply fertilizer to frozen soil.Spring applications should be made as soon as the soil thaws are acceptable for spring-only grazing or haying. Timely application can be delayed because of wet soils. An application needs to be applied in the fall or early spring to allow sufficient time for fertilizer incorporation to benefit forage production.Fertilizer Rates (N, P, and K). Due to space limitations for this article. Fertilizer rate recommendations for N, P, and K for established stands of smooth bromegrass can be accessed by going to https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu and looking at the Oct. 10th issue of the K-State Agronomy eUpdate.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall fertilization of smooth bromegrass

About 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year, and according to the American Diabetes Association, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled in the last 20 years.

The disease rate has sky-rocketed, and its toll is obvious. Kansans spend $2.4 billion annually in direct and indirect diabetes medical expenses. The community effects are quantifiable, but if you suffer from diabetes, or know someone who does, you know that the personal challenges can be unremitting.

As barriers seem to be continual, so is the diabetes management process. Thankfully, there are many lifestyle factors you can adjust when taking control of glucose levels. An evident one is the type of food you consume, but a few less obvious ones include medication, mood, and physical activity.

· Medication- When diagnosed with diabetes, medications are often prescribed. This addition can make a big impact on your daily routine. By keeping a record of medications, doses, and timing, you may be able to control glucose levels better. This can help you increase awareness of changes in symptoms so you can work with your doctor to make any necessary adjustments.

· Mood- Mental health can be greatly affected by diabetes, and your mood may seem to be on a constant rollercoaster due to rapid blood sugar changes. Since mood can indicate glucose spikes and drops, it’s a good idea to note how you feel. This awareness can help you build a stronger connection between your mind, body, and diabetes management strategy.

· Physical Activity- Regular exercise can play a major role in fluctuating glucose levels, and it can help you keep your diabetes in check. Keeping a log of your exercise routine can help you find the types of physical activity that make you feel your best and keep you motivated to meet your fitness goals!

Lifestyle choices affect blood sugar and taking note of these habits impacts diabetes management. It gives insight into your symptoms and allows you to identify habits that have positive and negative effects on blood sugar.

If you or someone you care for has diabetes, Dining with Diabetes can teach you more strategies to control glucose levels. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.

Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.

The class will take place at the Trinity Lutheran Church in Great Bend on November 5, 12, 19, and 26 from 11 am – 1 pm. The cost is $40 for the 8- hours of hands-on learning experience. Plus, lunch is included. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAbout 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year, and according to the American Diabetes Association, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has doubled in the last 20 years.The disease rate has sky-rocketed, and its toll is obvious. Kansans spend $2.4 billion annually in direct and indirect diabetes medical expenses. The community effects are quantifiable, but if you suffer from diabetes, or know someone who does, you know that the personal challenges can be unremitting.As barriers seem to be continual, so is the diabetes management process. Thankfully, there are many lifestyle factors you can adjust when taking control of glucose levels. An evident one is the type of food you consume, but a few less obvious ones include medication, mood, and physical activity.· Medication- When diagnosed with diabetes, medications are often prescribed. This addition can make a big impact on your daily routine. By keeping a record of medications, doses, and timing, you may be able to control glucose levels better. This can help you increase awareness of changes in symptoms so you can work with your doctor to make any necessary adjustments.· Mood- Mental health can be greatly affected by diabetes, and your mood may seem to be on a constant rollercoaster due to rapid blood sugar changes. Since mood can indicate glucose spikes and drops, it’s a good idea to note how you feel. This awareness can help you build a stronger connection between your mind, body, and diabetes management strategy.· Physical Activity- Regular exercise can play a major role in fluctuating glucose levels, and it can help you keep your diabetes in check. Keeping a log of your exercise routine can help you find the types of physical activity that make you feel your best and keep you motivated to meet your fitness goals!Lifestyle choices affect blood sugar and taking note of these habits impacts diabetes management. It gives insight into your symptoms and allows you to identify habits that have positive and negative effects on blood sugar.If you or someone you care for has diabetes, Dining with Diabetes can teach you more strategies to control glucose levels. This national program is designed to boost the health of those with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. The program serves to educate family members and caregivers while connecting participants to resources.Through Dining with Diabetes, you will have the chance to learn the best ways to take care of yourself and your loved ones. This includes nutrition education and hands-on cooking demonstrations to help you gain confidence in preparing enjoyable meals that balance blood sugar. Also, participants will learn the importance of physical activity and how to realistically include it in day-to-day life.The class will take place at the Trinity Lutheran Church in Great Bend on November 5, 12, 19, and 26 from 11 am – 1 pm. The cost is $40 for the 8- hours of hands-on learning experience. Plus, lunch is included. Please give us a call with any questions or to register at 620-793-1910.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Lifestyle factors for diabetes management

I always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;

Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

 Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 

The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictI always love the changing of the seasons, especially summer to fall. After the heat of the summer, the cool, crisp mornings and cooler days makes me happy. One of the first signs that I can tell that summer is on its way out is the first leaves on the cottonwood trees starting to turn yellow. The reds and oranges of the maples and oaks quickly follow suite. &nbsp;Although the New England states is the place to view the changing of the seasons, Kansas is no slouch. I found an article this week for you for the Horticulture Department about why trees change the colors they do and how you get the striking colors of fall.&nbsp;Part of the allure of fall foliage is color variation. There are trees that turn red, purple, yellow, orange and brown.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Specific plant pigments determine individual colors. Foliage derives its normal green color from chlorophyll, the substance that captures the energy of the sun. Other pigments produce fall colors. Reds and purples are caused by anthocyanins, yellows by xanthophylls, and oranges by a combination of carotenes and xanthophylls. Browns are the result of tannins present in the leaf. Most of these substances are present throughout the growing season but are masked by the green color produced by chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are the exception and are produced after the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you have ever seen pictures of New England in the fall, you have probably wondered why trees in Kansas usually do not color as well. This difference is partly because of the tree species prevalent in New England. Certain oaks and maples naturally produce good color. Coloring also is influenced by the weather.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Warm, sunny days and cool nights are ideal for good color. The sunny days encourage photosynthesis and, thus, sugar accumulation in the leaves. As fall progresses, each leaf develops an abscission layer at the base of the petiole, or leaf stem, that prevents these sugars from being transported down the trunk to the roots for storage. This high sugar content in the leaves produces more intense colors. Cloudy days and warm nights prevent some of the sugar accumulation in the leaves and results in less vibrant colors.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Weather during other parts of the growing season also can have an effect. Heavy rains in the early spring or hot, dry weather during the summer can both have a deleterious effect on fall color.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The length of time a tree maintains fall color also depends on weather. Reds, yellows and oranges are short-lived when trees undergo frosts and freezes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: The color of the changing seasons

The ovaries contain all of the eggs at birth they will ever contain. The menstrual cycle controls the monthly release of eggs until menopause. The menopausal transition starts when this process changes and production of hormones like estrogen begins to decline. Most women start this transition (also called perimenopause) in their late 40s. But it can happen earlier or later.

During this time, women may experience certain symptoms, such as changes in their periods and hot flashes. If a woman hasn’t had a period in 12 months, she can say she’s entered menopause. But for many women this transition is less clear.

“Around one in eight women enter menopause because of a medical intervention, like having their ovaries removed surgically,” says Dr. Sarah Temkin, a women’s health expert at NIH. If this happens, they enter menopause suddenly, with no transition. The bothersome symptoms that they experience are often more significant than if they had entered menopause naturally.

If you haven’t had a period in a year, blood tests can verify that you’ve reached menopause. But no test can confirm when you’ve begun the transition into menopause. If you have symptoms, your doctor may order tests to rule out health conditions.

The menopausal transition (perimenopause) usually lasts around seven years. But it can be shorter or longer.

Many women experience only mild symptoms during perimenopause. For others, symptoms are severe and can interfere with work and life. The most common are called vasomotor symptoms. These include hot flashes and night sweats

“A lot of symptoms can be interrelated,” says Dr. Andrea LaCroix, a menopause researcher at the University of California, San Diego. “If you have hot flashes, they might interfere with your sleep. Then once you get sleep deprived, you don’t feel so good overall.”

If you have mild hot flashes, you may be able to manage them with lifestyle changes. These include dressing in layers that can be removed, carrying a portable fan, and avoiding alcohol and caffeine.

Women with severe symptoms now have several drug options to consider. Some women can safely use menopausal hormone therapy, or MHT. Two decades ago, hormone therapy for women in the menopausal transition fell out of favor. Doctors had concerns about the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, and blood clots from hormone therapy. These concerns were based on a large study that tested hormone therapy to prevent chronic disease in older women. The study showed higher chronic disease risk for some women taking MHT.

More recent studies have confirmed these findings but also found that healthy, younger women who use MHT don’t have the same increased risk as older women. Talk with your health care provider about the potential risks and benefits if you’re considering MHT.

Some women can’t use hormone therapy because of certain personal risk factors. Others may not want to use it. “But there are other treatment choices,” says LaCroix.

“All of these treatments have been found to be helpful, so women have choices.” LaCroix says.

“There’s a huge amount of stigma about women talking about their reproductive health,” Temkin says.

“Women sometimes feel, going through the menopausal transition, that they’re in it alone,” agrees Dr. Chhanda Dutta, an aging expert at NIH. “And while women experience this transition in very different ways, they need to be aware that they’re not alone.”

Perimenopause symptoms can be different for everyone and include:

· Changes in your period. Periods happening very close together or farther apart than usual; heavy bleeding or spotting; periods that last for more than a week.

· Hot flashes. A sudden feeling of heat in the upper part or all of your body.

· Night sweats. Hot flashes that happen during sleep.

· Sleep problems. Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.

· Bladder issues. Sudden urges to urinate, or urine leaking during exercise, sneezing, or laughing.

· Changes in vaginal health and sexuality. Vaginal dryness; discomfort or pain during sex; changes in sexual desire.

· Mood changes. Feeling moody or more irritable; feelings of anxiety or depression.

· Changes in body composition. Muscle loss or fat gain; skin can become thinner; joints and muscles may feel stiff or achy.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe ovaries contain all of the eggs at birth they will ever contain. The menstrual cycle controls the monthly release of eggs until menopause. The menopausal transition starts when this process changes and production of hormones like estrogen begins to decline. Most women start this transition (also called perimenopause) in their late 40s. But it can happen earlier or later.During this time, women may experience certain symptoms, such as changes in their periods and hot flashes. If a woman hasn’t had a period in 12 months, she can say she’s entered menopause. But for many women this transition is less clear.“Around one in eight women enter menopause because of a medical intervention, like having their ovaries removed surgically,” says Dr. Sarah Temkin, a women’s health expert at NIH. If this happens, they enter menopause suddenly, with no transition. The bothersome symptoms that they experience are often more significant than if they had entered menopause naturally.If you haven’t had a period in a year, blood tests can verify that you’ve reached menopause. But no test can confirm when you’ve begun the transition into menopause. If you have symptoms, your doctor may order tests to rule out health conditions.The menopausal transition (perimenopause) usually lasts around seven years. But it can be shorter or longer.Cooling Hot Flashes DownMany women experience only mild symptoms during perimenopause. For others, symptoms are severe and can interfere with work and life. The most common are called vasomotor symptoms. These include hot flashes and night sweats“A lot of symptoms can be interrelated,” says Dr. Andrea LaCroix, a menopause researcher at the University of California, San Diego. “If you have hot flashes, they might interfere with your sleep. Then once you get sleep deprived, you don’t feel so good overall.”If you have mild hot flashes, you may be able to manage them with lifestyle changes. These include dressing in layers that can be removed, carrying a portable fan, and avoiding alcohol and caffeine.Women with severe symptoms now have several drug options to consider. Some women can safely use menopausal hormone therapy, or MHT. Two decades ago, hormone therapy for women in the menopausal transition fell out of favor. Doctors had concerns about the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, stroke, and blood clots from hormone therapy. These concerns were based on a large study that tested hormone therapy to prevent chronic disease in older women. The study showed higher chronic disease risk for some women taking MHT.More recent studies have confirmed these findings but also found that healthy, younger women who use MHT don’t have the same increased risk as older women. Talk with your health care provider about the potential risks and benefits if you’re considering MHT.Some women can’t use hormone therapy because of certain personal risk factors. Others may not want to use it. “But there are other treatment choices,” says LaCroix.“All of these treatments have been found to be helpful, so women have choices.” LaCroix says.“There’s a huge amount of stigma about women talking about their reproductive health,” Temkin says.“Women sometimes feel, going through the menopausal transition, that they’re in it alone,” agrees Dr. Chhanda Dutta, an aging expert at NIH. “And while women experience this transition in very different ways, they need to be aware that they’re not alone.”Transitioning Into Menopause?Perimenopause symptoms can be different for everyone and include:· Changes in your period. Periods happening very close together or farther apart than usual; heavy bleeding or spotting; periods that last for more than a week.· Hot flashes. A sudden feeling of heat in the upper part or all of your body.· Night sweats. Hot flashes that happen during sleep.· Sleep problems. Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.· Bladder issues. Sudden urges to urinate, or urine leaking during exercise, sneezing, or laughing.· Changes in vaginal health and sexuality. Vaginal dryness; discomfort or pain during sex; changes in sexual desire.· Mood changes. Feeling moody or more irritable; feelings of anxiety or depression.· Changes in body composition. Muscle loss or fat gain; skin can become thinner; joints and muscles may feel stiff or achy.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Perimenopause, starting the transition

Corn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector (corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis) have been recently confirmed in Kansas. Corn stunt spiroplasma has been confirmed in 26 counties. Recent scouting efforts across Kansas confirm active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, K-State Plant Pathologist Rodrigo Onofre says we also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction, says Onofre. Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other biotic and abiotic factors can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors.

In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California. Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas, says Onofre. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.

This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper, which was also just confirmed in Kansas. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events. The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU.

Disease testing – Help us track the disease

If you suspect a field has corn stunt, submit a sample to the K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab. The best type of sample for corn stunt testing is living symptomatic leaf tissue. Dry/senesced corn leaves are not recommended and may lead to inconclusive results. Entire

plants are not required to test for this disease, only symptomatic leaves, as only the midrib will be used in testing.

Collection and shipping instructions can be found below:

· Collect and ship samples on or before Wednesday to avoid weekend storage

· Collect symptomatic living leaves (ideally from multiple symptomatic plants)

· Label and use plastic bags; Do not use paper bags, and do not add water. · Fill out submission form, search on-line for KSU Plant Pathology lab. Include variety/hybrid info

· Ship leaves ASAP overnight via UPS or FedEx when possible. USPS can take up to 14 days · Send photos to clinic@ksu.edu with the tracking number or date shipped

§ Symptom/problem close -up and in focus

§ Entire plant from ground level to the top of plant

§ Site – capture the pattern in the field; transition areas, terraces, etc.

Information provided by Rodrigo Onofre, K-State Research &amp; Extension Row Crop Plant Pathologist.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictCorn stunt spiroplasma and its associated vector (corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis) have been recently confirmed in Kansas. Corn stunt spiroplasma has been confirmed in 26 counties. Recent scouting efforts across Kansas confirm active leaf hoppers in many additional counties. Although the majority of the positive reports are from field corn, K-State Plant Pathologist Rodrigo Onofre says we also confirmed corn stunt spiroplasma in sweet corn as well. High levels of disease were found in late-planted and double-cropped corn, leading to potential yield reduction, says Onofre. Symptoms of the disease may include shortened internodes, which can result in a stunted stature of the corn plant as well as leaves with red discoloration. Because other biotic and abiotic factors can cause red or purple discoloration in corn, laboratory testing is important to diagnose corn stunt disease and distinguish it from other stressors.In the past, corn stunt disease has been limited in distribution to southern Texas, Florida, and California. Corn stunt is caused by a wall-less bacterial pathogen called corn stunt spiroplasma. The corn leafhopper can also transmit additional pathogens, either singly or in combination with the corn stunt spiroplasma. To date, only corn stunt spiroplasma has been detected in Kansas, says Onofre. Additional research is needed to determine the presence of other pathogens vectored by corn leafhopper in Kansas.This disease is spread only by the corn leafhopper, which was also just confirmed in Kansas. Corn leafhopper acquires pathogens within minutes of feeding on infected corn plants but it can take up to 30 days for the leafhopper to be able to infect healthy corn plants during feeding events. The corn leafhopper is relatively simple to identify under magnification. These leafhoppers are light tan to yellowish-white in color and approximately 1/8” long. Two distinct dark spots between the antennae and eyes are very characteristic of this species. Nymphs lack wings and can vary in color. Like most leafhoppers, all stages move quickly when disturbed and hide in shaded areas of corn plants. All stages can be sampled using a sweep net; a video showing how to sample for corn leafhoppers in mature corn canopies can be found here: https://youtu.be/QgLuWWSwHWU.Disease testing – Help us track the diseaseIf you suspect a field has corn stunt, submit a sample to the K-State Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab. The best type of sample for corn stunt testing is living symptomatic leaf tissue. Dry/senesced corn leaves are not recommended and may lead to inconclusive results. Entireplants are not required to test for this disease, only symptomatic leaves, as only the midrib will be used in testing.Collection and shipping instructions can be found below:· Collect and ship samples on or before Wednesday to avoid weekend storage· Collect symptomatic living leaves (ideally from multiple symptomatic plants)· Label and use plastic bags; Do not use paper bags, and do not add water. · Fill out submission form, search on-line for KSU Plant Pathology lab. Include variety/hybrid info· Ship leaves ASAP overnight via UPS or FedEx when possible. USPS can take up to 14 days · Send photos to clinic@ksu.edu with the tracking number or date shippedo Three types of images to send:§ Symptom/problem close -up and in focus§ Entire plant from ground level to the top of plant§ Site – capture the pattern in the field; transition areas, terraces, etc.Information provided by Rodrigo Onofre, K-State Research &amp; Extension Row Crop Plant Pathologist.

CAMPBELL: Corn stunt disease, a new threat to Kansas corn

Medicare can be challenging to navigate. If you are eligible, you know that enrolling in hospital insurance, Part B, supplemental coverage, and a drug plan can be overwhelming. The good news is that if you aren’t pleased with your current coverage, open enrollment allows you to make some changes. For example, you can review your current drug plan and see if it will be your best option next year. Since Part D plans tend to change yearly, it’s smart to see what that means for your coverage and costs.

The Cottonwood Extension District is here to help. Certified Senior Health Insurance Counselors in Kansas (SHICK) offer free, unbiased, and confidential Part D assistance to help you find the best drug plan. If you want to compare drug plans, switch plans, or shop around, we are available to visit with you, and see what works best for your situation. Open Enrollment is from October 15 – December 7, and you can schedule an appointment today in the Great Bend or Hays office. Certified volunteers, Donna and John Krug, will also have limited availability in the Great Bend office.

Other resources in the Great Bend area include Volunteers in Action who are SHICK trained. They will be accepting appointments starting on Oct. 17 and you can call 620-792-1614 to make an appointment. Director Linn Hogg says, “Our goal is to help you find the lowest out-of-pocket plan available.”

When you schedule an appointment with the Cottonwood District, you will receive a Medicare Part D Prescription Drug -Coverage Worksheet. Medicare beneficiaries need to list all prescription drugs taken, dosage, and 30-day quantity on the worksheet. Bring the worksheet, your Medicare card, and recent letters from Social Security or Medicare to your appointment. To

schedule your appointment, please call (620) 793- 1910. If you have questions regarding Medicare, please contact Karissa at (620) 793- 1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictMedicare can be challenging to navigate. If you are eligible, you know that enrolling in hospital insurance, Part B, supplemental coverage, and a drug plan can be overwhelming. The good news is that if you aren’t pleased with your current coverage, open enrollment allows you to make some changes. For example, you can review your current drug plan and see if it will be your best option next year. Since Part D plans tend to change yearly, it’s smart to see what that means for your coverage and costs.The Cottonwood Extension District is here to help. Certified Senior Health Insurance Counselors in Kansas (SHICK) offer free, unbiased, and confidential Part D assistance to help you find the best drug plan. If you want to compare drug plans, switch plans, or shop around, we are available to visit with you, and see what works best for your situation. Open Enrollment is from October 15 – December 7, and you can schedule an appointment today in the Great Bend or Hays office. Certified volunteers, Donna and John Krug, will also have limited availability in the Great Bend office.Other resources in the Great Bend area include Volunteers in Action who are SHICK trained. They will be accepting appointments starting on Oct. 17 and you can call 620-792-1614 to make an appointment. Director Linn Hogg says, “Our goal is to help you find the lowest out-of-pocket plan available.”When you schedule an appointment with the Cottonwood District, you will receive a Medicare Part D Prescription Drug -Coverage Worksheet. Medicare beneficiaries need to list all prescription drugs taken, dosage, and 30-day quantity on the worksheet. Bring the worksheet, your Medicare card, and recent letters from Social Security or Medicare to your appointment. Toschedule your appointment, please call (620) 793- 1910. If you have questions regarding Medicare, please contact Karissa at (620) 793- 1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Medicare Part D open enrollment

Musk thistle is one of 12 noxious weeds in Kansas, infesting over 420,000 acres. It has been reported in nearly every county in Kansas and is found primarily in pastures, rangeland, hay meadows, alfalfa, fallow, roadsides, and waste areas. Under the new Noxious Weed Law, musk thistle is considered a Category C weed. That means it is well established within the state and has an extensive population.&nbsp;

Control efforts should be aimed at reducing or eliminating new populations, and established stands should be managed with any accepted control method.&nbsp; These include mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches.&nbsp; Mechanical control involves removing the entire plant or just the reproductive parts to prevent the plants from producing flowers/seeds.&nbsp; 

Mowing, digging, and hoeing are common mechanical methods of controlling musk thistle. Several herbicides are labeled for musk thistle control and are discussed below.&nbsp; Biological control requires a permit and needs to be integrated with other methods.&nbsp; Head and crown weevils are found in the state but cannot be transported across state lines.&nbsp; A flower fly is a new candidate species for biological control of musk thistle.

Musk thistle is primarily a biennial or winter annual species. Biennials take two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. Thistles germinating in the spring will spend the entire summer as a rosette, live through the winter, and bolt the next year in May and June. Winter annual plants will germinate with moisture and warm temperatures in the fall, live through the winter, and bolt the following year.

Most people recognize musk thistle during the early summer when the plants are actively blooming. However, musk thistle control is easiest as a rosette.

Fall is an excellent time to spray musk thistle as all are in the rosette growth stage. Another advantage of treatment in the fall is reduced risk of off-target drift. Waiting until most deciduous trees have lost their leaves and most crops are harvested will greatly reduce the likelihood of damage from herbicide drift. A wider window of opportunity for treating musk thistle also exists in the fall. The spraying window in the fall probably extends until the ground is frozen, and the musk thistle plants have shut down activity until warmer temperatures in the spring. Freezing temperatures will start to damage musk thistle plants, with some yellowing and curling of leaves. However, the plants are susceptible to herbicides as long as green tissue exists.

Dry conditions in the fall can reduce control of musk thistle with certain herbicides. Still, studies in Kansas indicated that a fall application of 2,4-D LVE at 2 lbs per acre was more effective (80% control) than a similar rate of 2,4-D amine (49% control). Dicamba + 2,4-D amine at 0.25 + 0.75 lbs per acre and picloram at 0.125 lbs per acre were also effective (&gt;90% control) on musk thistle treated in the fall.&nbsp; Other herbicides that have proven effective include 3-5&nbsp; fl oz/acre aminopyralid (Milestone) and aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral at 1.5 oz/acre).&nbsp; Products containing picloram and aminopyralid will not only control rosettes treated in the fall but will have enough carryover to control emerging seedlings the following spring.

If you need to treat musk thistle this fall, select the proper herbicide for the job.&nbsp; If possible, select a warm, sunny day to spray. Scattered rosettes can be mechanically removed by digging below the crown. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698682262753.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By ALICIA BOOR Cottonwood Extension DistrictMusk thistle is one of 12 noxious weeds in Kansas, infesting over 420,000 acres. It has been reported in nearly every county in Kansas and is found primarily in pastures, rangeland, hay meadows, alfalfa, fallow, roadsides, and waste areas. Under the new Noxious Weed Law, musk thistle is considered a Category C weed. That means it is well established within the state and has an extensive population.&nbsp;Control efforts should be aimed at reducing or eliminating new populations, and established stands should be managed with any accepted control method.&nbsp; These include mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches.&nbsp; Mechanical control involves removing the entire plant or just the reproductive parts to prevent the plants from producing flowers/seeds.&nbsp; Mowing, digging, and hoeing are common mechanical methods of controlling musk thistle. Several herbicides are labeled for musk thistle control and are discussed below.&nbsp; Biological control requires a permit and needs to be integrated with other methods.&nbsp; Head and crown weevils are found in the state but cannot be transported across state lines.&nbsp; A flower fly is a new candidate species for biological control of musk thistle.Musk thistle is primarily a biennial or winter annual species. Biennials take two growing seasons to complete their life cycle. Thistles germinating in the spring will spend the entire summer as a rosette, live through the winter, and bolt the next year in May and June. Winter annual plants will germinate with moisture and warm temperatures in the fall, live through the winter, and bolt the following year.Most people recognize musk thistle during the early summer when the plants are actively blooming. However, musk thistle control is easiest as a rosette.Fall is an excellent time to spray musk thistle as all are in the rosette growth stage. Another advantage of treatment in the fall is reduced risk of off-target drift. Waiting until most deciduous trees have lost their leaves and most crops are harvested will greatly reduce the likelihood of damage from herbicide drift. A wider window of opportunity for treating musk thistle also exists in the fall. The spraying window in the fall probably extends until the ground is frozen, and the musk thistle plants have shut down activity until warmer temperatures in the spring. Freezing temperatures will start to damage musk thistle plants, with some yellowing and curling of leaves. However, the plants are susceptible to herbicides as long as green tissue exists.Dry conditions in the fall can reduce control of musk thistle with certain herbicides. Still, studies in Kansas indicated that a fall application of 2,4-D LVE at 2 lbs per acre was more effective (80% control) than a similar rate of 2,4-D amine (49% control). Dicamba + 2,4-D amine at 0.25 + 0.75 lbs per acre and picloram at 0.125 lbs per acre were also effective (&gt;90% control) on musk thistle treated in the fall.&nbsp; Other herbicides that have proven effective include 3-5&nbsp; fl oz/acre aminopyralid (Milestone) and aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral at 1.5 oz/acre).&nbsp; Products containing picloram and aminopyralid will not only control rosettes treated in the fall but will have enough carryover to control emerging seedlings the following spring.If you need to treat musk thistle this fall, select the proper herbicide for the job.&nbsp; If possible, select a warm, sunny day to spray. Scattered rosettes can be mechanically removed by digging below the crown. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Musk thistle control

Do you have a family member diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or some other form of dementia? Maybe you work with dementia patients at your job? Would you like to learn more about this disease?

Twice a year, Cottonwood Extension District, A Different Mindset Association, and Clinkscales Elder Law come together to present an educational workshop aimed to support people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or dementia and their family or caregivers.

In the spring and the fall, we hold a two-night workshop aimed at educating the public about dementia. The fall workshop will be held October 9th and 10th from 6-8pm at the Cottonwood Extension District office located at 601 Main St. The first night Monique will present on

Nourishing Brain Health: Recommendations for Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases. The second night, Jill Wechsler, Care Coordinator from Clinkscales Elder Law, will present on Dementia Behaviors along with a panel discussion with individuals from A Different Mindset Association. A Different Mindset Association is a non-profit organization from Ellis County that offer support and education to families experiencing dementia.

Please call the Extension office to sign up. We will also offer a zoom link if you cannot attend in person. You must provide a working email address to obtain the zoom link. The sessions will also be recorded for future use and training.

You are welcome to come one or both nights, whatever works best for you. Light refreshments will be served.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictDo you have a family member diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or some other form of dementia? Maybe you work with dementia patients at your job? Would you like to learn more about this disease?Twice a year, Cottonwood Extension District, A Different Mindset Association, and Clinkscales Elder Law come together to present an educational workshop aimed to support people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s or dementia and their family or caregivers.In the spring and the fall, we hold a two-night workshop aimed at educating the public about dementia. The fall workshop will be held October 9th and 10th from 6-8pm at the Cottonwood Extension District office located at 601 Main St. The first night Monique will present onNourishing Brain Health: Recommendations for Combating Neurodegenerative Diseases. The second night, Jill Wechsler, Care Coordinator from Clinkscales Elder Law, will present on Dementia Behaviors along with a panel discussion with individuals from A Different Mindset Association. A Different Mindset Association is a non-profit organization from Ellis County that offer support and education to families experiencing dementia.Please call the Extension office to sign up. We will also offer a zoom link if you cannot attend in person. You must provide a working email address to obtain the zoom link. The sessions will also be recorded for future use and training.You are welcome to come one or both nights, whatever works best for you. Light refreshments will be served.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Dementia workshop

This fall after wheat is planted and any new stands of alfalfa are established, farmers will need to scout those fields for grasshoppers, fall armyworm, armyworm and any feeding damage on seedling plants.

Fall armyworms do not overwinter in Kansas in any significant numbers. Thus, after these larvae (worms) pupate in the soil and emerge as adult moths, they will head south for overwintering. Armyworm moths do not migrate south for the winter, but continue to feed on plants until temperatures get cooler, then overwinter in a protective cocoon in the soil.

Army cutworm moths, on the other hand, lay their eggs on the soil in the fall, and the larvae remain active throughout the winter, emerging to feed above ground in warm spells, and hiding deeper in the soil when it is cold. So, it is important to properly identify any worms feeding in wheat or seedling alfalfa, as armyworms and fall armyworms will not feed through the winter and early spring, but army cutworms will.

Keep in mind that, if growing conditions are favorable for fall planted wheat, it can withstand quite a bit of armyworm feeding and continue to grow. However, if growing conditions are not favorable, considerable feeding may severely reduce the stand.

Fall armyworm counts from pheromone traps steadily increased through August, particularly in central and eastern Kansas, with reports of egg masses in residential and agricultural settings. At-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season, says K-State Research &amp; Extension Entomologist Anthony Zukoff. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the last larval stage. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage, says Zukoff.

Fall armyworm thresholds for fall planted crops

• Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot can

• Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% of

plants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.

For more information on products registered for control of fall armyworm in Kansas, please consult the

following 2024 K-State insect pest management guides: • Wheat - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/wheat-insect-pest-management-2024_MF745.pdf • Alfalfa - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/alfalfa-insect-pest-management-2024_MF809.PDF

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis fall after wheat is planted and any new stands of alfalfa are established, farmers will need to scout those fields for grasshoppers, fall armyworm, armyworm and any feeding damage on seedling plants.Fall armyworms do not overwinter in Kansas in any significant numbers. Thus, after these larvae (worms) pupate in the soil and emerge as adult moths, they will head south for overwintering. Armyworm moths do not migrate south for the winter, but continue to feed on plants until temperatures get cooler, then overwinter in a protective cocoon in the soil.Army cutworm moths, on the other hand, lay their eggs on the soil in the fall, and the larvae remain active throughout the winter, emerging to feed above ground in warm spells, and hiding deeper in the soil when it is cold. So, it is important to properly identify any worms feeding in wheat or seedling alfalfa, as armyworms and fall armyworms will not feed through the winter and early spring, but army cutworms will.Keep in mind that, if growing conditions are favorable for fall planted wheat, it can withstand quite a bit of armyworm feeding and continue to grow. However, if growing conditions are not favorable, considerable feeding may severely reduce the stand.Fall armyworm counts from pheromone traps steadily increased through August, particularly in central and eastern Kansas, with reports of egg masses in residential and agricultural settings. At-risk crops should be scouted regularly for the remainder of the growing season, says K-State Research &amp; Extension Entomologist Anthony Zukoff. Caterpillars increase in size at an exponential rate and a majority of feeding occurs during the last larval stage. It is critical to scout thoroughly and treat, if needed, before the caterpillars are over ½ inch long. Larger caterpillars are harder to control and do the most damage, says Zukoff.Fall armyworm thresholds for fall planted crops• Alfalfa: 1-2 caterpillars per square foot can destroy seedling alfalfa. 10-15 per square foot candestroy 12” tall plants.• Wheat: Larval “window-paning” in early planted wheat can be a concern. If 25-30% ofplants show damage, examine field frequently. Treat at 2-3 active larvae/ft.For more information on products registered for control of fall armyworm in Kansas, please consult thefollowing 2024 K-State insect pest management guides: • Wheat - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/wheat-insect-pest-management-2024_MF745.pdf • Alfalfa - https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/alfalfa-insect-pest-management-2024_MF809.PDFStacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Fall armyworm activity in Kansas

Parenting is difficult to navigate, but small habits can make a tremendous difference. For example, including family meals in your routine can boost children’s self-esteem and academic performance. It can even improve heart health, and reduce the risk of depression, substance misuse, and teen pregnancy. According to Harvard research, one hour a day of genuine connection at dinner can improve the physical and mental health of the whole family!

In fact, over three decades of research shows that family mealtime is the only activity that simultaneously supports physical, social-emotional, and academic well-being.

1. Children who regularly eat family dinners eat more fruits and vegetables and are less likely to be picky eaters. This not only helps them to develop strong bones and grow tall, but it also promotes healthy habits into adulthood. Teens who eat family meals reduce their risk of obesity and are more likely to choose nutritious foods once they are independent.

2. Creating strong connections over family mealtime helps to improve communication, boost resilience, and increase self-esteem. Plus, high-risk teenage behaviors such as smoking, drug use, eating disorders, and sexual activity are shown to be lowered with regular family dinners.

3. Conversations around the dinner table boost vocabulary in young children. In fact, children can learn seven times as many rare words at family meals than being read to. In adolescents, those who eat family meals 5-7 times per week are twice as likely to achieve A’s than those who eat family meals 2 times or less per week.

As you can see, family dinners can shape a child and how they respond to the world around them. However, making time for family dinners is challenging. After-school activities and evening work schedules tend to get in the way. To overcome these barriers, be creative! Make time for a family brunch on Saturdays or plan specific evenings to gather around the table.

If you want to learn more about the impact of family meals, celebrate Eat Better, Eat Together month with the Cottonwood Extension District and Gambino’s Pizza! This event welcomes families to choose ingredients from the MyPlate food groups to make a pizza to take home, bake, and enjoy eating together. Each large pizza is only $5 and pre-registration is required. Pay by September 27th at the Barton County Cottonwood District Extension Office, 3007 10th St, Great Bend, KS 67530. Cash or check is accepted.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL Cottonwood Extension DistrictParenting is difficult to navigate, but small habits can make a tremendous difference. For example, including family meals in your routine can boost children’s self-esteem and academic performance. It can even improve heart health, and reduce the risk of depression, substance misuse, and teen pregnancy. According to Harvard research, one hour a day of genuine connection at dinner can improve the physical and mental health of the whole family!In fact, over three decades of research shows that family mealtime is the only activity that simultaneously supports physical, social-emotional, and academic well-being.1. Children who regularly eat family dinners eat more fruits and vegetables and are less likely to be picky eaters. This not only helps them to develop strong bones and grow tall, but it also promotes healthy habits into adulthood. Teens who eat family meals reduce their risk of obesity and are more likely to choose nutritious foods once they are independent.2. Creating strong connections over family mealtime helps to improve communication, boost resilience, and increase self-esteem. Plus, high-risk teenage behaviors such as smoking, drug use, eating disorders, and sexual activity are shown to be lowered with regular family dinners.3. Conversations around the dinner table boost vocabulary in young children. In fact, children can learn seven times as many rare words at family meals than being read to. In adolescents, those who eat family meals 5-7 times per week are twice as likely to achieve A’s than those who eat family meals 2 times or less per week.As you can see, family dinners can shape a child and how they respond to the world around them. However, making time for family dinners is challenging. After-school activities and evening work schedules tend to get in the way. To overcome these barriers, be creative! Make time for a family brunch on Saturdays or plan specific evenings to gather around the table.If you want to learn more about the impact of family meals, celebrate Eat Better, Eat Together month with the Cottonwood Extension District and Gambino’s Pizza! This event welcomes families to choose ingredients from the MyPlate food groups to make a pizza to take home, bake, and enjoy eating together. Each large pizza is only $5 and pre-registration is required. Pay by September 27th at the Barton County Cottonwood District Extension Office, 3007 10th St, Great Bend, KS 67530. Cash or check is accepted.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Eat better, eat together

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

The 2024 Surgeon General Report highlights the needs of parents. The document starts with a quote “Raising children is sacred work. It should matter to all of us.” Being a parent is not easy, unfortunately, as the old saying goes, “Kids do not come with handbooks!”

Every year the Surgeon General advisory report highlights a public health issue and provides recommendations for how it should be addressed. Advisories are reserved for significant public health challenges that require the nations immediate awareness and action.

Here are some of the highlights from the document:

Parents consistently report experiencing high levels of stress compared to other adults

· 33% of parents report high levels of stress in the past month compared to 20% of other adults.

· 48% of parents say that most days their stress is completely overwhelming compared to 26% among other adults.

Parents and caregivers experience a multitude of unique stressors from raising children

These stressors include, but are not limited to:

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe 2024 Surgeon General Report highlights the needs of parents. The document starts with a quote “Raising children is sacred work. It should matter to all of us.” Being a parent is not easy, unfortunately, as the old saying goes, “Kids do not come with handbooks!”Every year the Surgeon General advisory report highlights a public health issue and provides recommendations for how it should be addressed. Advisories are reserved for significant public health challenges that require the nations immediate awareness and action.Here are some of the highlights from the document:Parents consistently report experiencing high levels of stress compared to other adultsAccording to 2023 data:· 33% of parents report high levels of stress in the past month compared to 20% of other adults.· 48% of parents say that most days their stress is completely overwhelming compared to 26% among other adults.Parents and caregivers experience a multitude of unique stressors from raising childrenThese stressors include, but are not limited to:· Financial strain, economic instability, and poverty· Time demands· Children’s health· Children’s safety· Parental isolation and loneliness· Technology and social media· Cultural pressures and children’s futuresWe must do more to better support parents and caregiversThe work of parenting is essential not only for the health of children but also for the health of society. Amid a youth mental health crisis, the work of raising a child is just as valuable as the work performed in a paid job and critically important when it comes to the impact on the future of society.The report also highlights some ways based on our roles how we can help. For example, employers can help by expanding policies and programs that support the well-being of parents and caregivers in the workplace, implement training for managers on stress management and work-life harmony, and provide access to comprehensive and affordable high-quality mental health care.Communities, community organizations and schools can foster open dialogue about parental stress, mental health, and well-being, create opportunities to cultivate supportive social connections among parents and caregivers, and elevate the voices of parents and caregivers to shape community programs and investments.Family and friends can reach out and offer practical support with household or everyday tasks, connect with parents and caregivers in your life on a regular basis, learn about mental health challenges parents and caregivers may face.At K-State Research and Extension our Stress and Resiliency team along with Family Community Wellness Agents and Family and Child Development agents are here to support parents. We provide a range of services and partner with other community entities to provide support whether it is working on affordable and quality childcare or providing educational services around stress and mental health.In the Cottonwood District, we partner with the Barton County Health Department to provide Becoming a Mom classes that support prenatal families and we hope to provide the same service in Ellis County in the near future. The goal is to bring families together at the very beginning of their parenting journey to support each other as well build the relationships with community services so parents know where to go when they need extra support.We also offer Question, Persuade and Refer (QPR) which is a suicide prevention program as well as other topics around mental health such as stress and stress management.We have wide range of educational materials in our bookstore to support parents with fact sheets covering topics such as child development, screen time, family meals, and choosing appropriate childcare. https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/Finally, we partner with schools from child care to the university level to provide programming based on the needs of the teachers, students, and parents.To read the entire Surgeon General report: https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/parents/index.htmlMonique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.