This January will kick off K-State Extension’s Living Well Wednesday Series on January 10th from 12:10 to 1 pm. Family and Community Wellness Extension agents and specialists facilitate these educational webinars, and this series will focus on women's health.

The January 10th session is titled, ‘Sleep is a Superpower’ because a lot happens while you are sleeping. Inadequate sleep directly affects our relationships, life expectancy, libido, cardiovascular health, immune system, and it contributes to weight gain. Learn how to leverage this superpower for better health during the webinar. Michelle Lane, the Senior Director of Community Wellness and Corporate Health at North Kansas City Hospital, will be presenting on this topic.

On February 14th, we will learn about Women’s Health and Functional Medicine. Women often take care of everyone else before prioritizing their own health. This leads to sleep deprivation, poor eating habits, gut issues, and increased stress which in turn can cause a compromised immune system and other health issues. During this webinar, we’ll look at common root causes of illness in women including the impact that trauma and ACE’s have on well-being. Join us for this informative webinar presented by Joleen Zivnuska, Women's Health Nurse Practitioner in Wichita, KS.

The last session on March 13th, we will talk about Navigating Diets, Supplements, and Women’s Health. With so much information on health, it’s hard to know what is true. This session will cover keys to a healthy and balanced diet, discuss how/when to use supplements, and explore wellness tips for women. Learn if medications that facilitate weight loss work for long-term wellness during this informative webinar. Join us and bring your questions as Priscilla

Brenes, State Extension Specialist in the Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health shares her expertise.

Each webinar is the on the second Wednesday of the month from 12:10 to 1pm. All Living Well Wednesday webinars are recorded and posted on the K-State Extension Wellness Wednesday Website, but make sure to register online to attend live or to receive a link to the recording and information. https://bit.ly/47WAPoN

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>This January will kick off K-State Extension’s Living Well Wednesday Series on January 10th from 12:10 to 1 pm. Family and Community Wellness Extension agents and specialists facilitate these educational webinars, and this series will focus on women's health.The January 10th session is titled, ‘Sleep is a Superpower’ because a lot happens while you are sleeping. Inadequate sleep directly affects our relationships, life expectancy, libido, cardiovascular health, immune system, and it contributes to weight gain. Learn how to leverage this superpower for better health during the webinar. Michelle Lane, the Senior Director of Community Wellness and Corporate Health at North Kansas City Hospital, will be presenting on this topic.On February 14th, we will learn about Women’s Health and Functional Medicine. Women often take care of everyone else before prioritizing their own health. This leads to sleep deprivation, poor eating habits, gut issues, and increased stress which in turn can cause a compromised immune system and other health issues. During this webinar, we’ll look at common root causes of illness in women including the impact that trauma and ACE’s have on well-being. Join us for this informative webinar presented by Joleen Zivnuska, Women's Health Nurse Practitioner in Wichita, KS.The last session on March 13th, we will talk about Navigating Diets, Supplements, and Women’s Health. With so much information on health, it’s hard to know what is true. This session will cover keys to a healthy and balanced diet, discuss how/when to use supplements, and explore wellness tips for women. Learn if medications that facilitate weight loss work for long-term wellness during this informative webinar. Join us and bring your questions as PriscillaBrenes, State Extension Specialist in the Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health shares her expertise.Each webinar is the on the second Wednesday of the month from 12:10 to 1pm. All Living Well Wednesday webinars are recorded and posted on the K-State Extension Wellness Wednesday Website, but make sure to register online to attend live or to receive a link to the recording and information. https://bit.ly/47WAPoNKarissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Women's Health, Living Well Wednesday Series

Well over half of the farmland in Kansas is leased. The person who owns the land doesn’t farm it. As such, agricultural leases are very crucial to most producers. Additionally, many agricultural leases are oral agreements. There is no written and signed lease agreement, it’s word of mouth and a handshake. Roughly forty years ago about 90% of all ag leases were oral. It’s now a lower percentage of that, but there are still many oral leases. Kansas statutes recognize oral ag leases as legal and binding, BUT there are numerous stipulations that govern them.

All oral leases are annual leases that run from March 1 to March 1 and renew automatically unless they are properly terminated. For a lease to be properly terminated it must meet three requirements. First, the notice to terminate must be in writing. Furthermore, it must state that the termination date is March 1 and the notice must be in the tenant’s hands 30 days prior to March 1. Any attempt to terminate a lease that does not meet these three criteria is not legally binding and the lease continues for another year at the terms agreed upon for the previous year.

January is when many leases are renegotiated. It is important to get these negotiations wrapped up soon because if the tenant and landlord cannot agree on new terms, notice needs to be given 30 days prior to March 1st. Kansas statutes treat pasture or range land the same as crop land.

Written leases can state other dates and contain many other stipulations into use of the land. But with an oral lease, in the eyes of the law, the tenant has full control for the entire year of that land including hunting rights. Which are some of the reasons why Extension really encourages written leases!

There are some considerations and exceptions that I need to note. If wheat was already planted on the farmland at the time that proper notice of termination was given, the tenant still has the right to harvest that wheat. Cash rent will be paid as per the prior year’s lease or expenses and crop shared at the previously agreed upon terms. For those acres planted to wheat the lease ends when the crop is harvested. If a perennial forage crop such as alfalfa was planted last fall and a stand was established, then the landowner owes the tenant for all seed, fertilizer, etc., that was used to establish that perennial crop.

The other area that may cause some issues is in fields that will be planted to spring crops. Some of these fields may have already been fertilized this past fall after harvest. Some may even have had herbicides put on for early season weed control pre-plant. If the tenant has applied these inputs and then is terminated properly by the landlord, the landlord owes the tenant for the fertilizer and/or weed control in addition to standard application charges. For cash rent leases that would be the full amount of the inputs applied, for crop share leases it would be the share that the tenant has paid for.

Lastly to avoid terminating leases—communication is so vitally important for both parties to visit at least a few times a year. By doing this hopefully questions and concerns can be talked about and addressed before they become problems.

For further information on leasing agricultural land go to www.agmanager.info click onto the Farm Management tab. Also, you can contact your local County or District Extension Office. The Cottonwood Extension Offices, Hays 785-628-9430 and Great Bend 620-793-1910.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Well over half of the farmland in Kansas is leased. The person who owns the land doesn’t farm it. As such, agricultural leases are very crucial to most producers. Additionally, many agricultural leases are oral agreements. There is no written and signed lease agreement, it’s word of mouth and a handshake. Roughly forty years ago about 90% of all ag leases were oral. It’s now a lower percentage of that, but there are still many oral leases. Kansas statutes recognize oral ag leases as legal and binding, BUT there are numerous stipulations that govern them.All oral leases are annual leases that run from March 1 to March 1 and renew automatically unless they are properly terminated. For a lease to be properly terminated it must meet three requirements. First, the notice to terminate must be in writing. Furthermore, it must state that the termination date is March 1 and the notice must be in the tenant’s hands 30 days prior to March 1. Any attempt to terminate a lease that does not meet these three criteria is not legally binding and the lease continues for another year at the terms agreed upon for the previous year.January is when many leases are renegotiated. It is important to get these negotiations wrapped up soon because if the tenant and landlord cannot agree on new terms, notice needs to be given 30 days prior to March 1st. Kansas statutes treat pasture or range land the same as crop land.Written leases can state other dates and contain many other stipulations into use of the land. But with an oral lease, in the eyes of the law, the tenant has full control for the entire year of that land including hunting rights. Which are some of the reasons why Extension really encourages written leases!There are some considerations and exceptions that I need to note. If wheat was already planted on the farmland at the time that proper notice of termination was given, the tenant still has the right to harvest that wheat. Cash rent will be paid as per the prior year’s lease or expenses and crop shared at the previously agreed upon terms. For those acres planted to wheat the lease ends when the crop is harvested. If a perennial forage crop such as alfalfa was planted last fall and a stand was established, then the landowner owes the tenant for all seed, fertilizer, etc., that was used to establish that perennial crop.The other area that may cause some issues is in fields that will be planted to spring crops. Some of these fields may have already been fertilized this past fall after harvest. Some may even have had herbicides put on for early season weed control pre-plant. If the tenant has applied these inputs and then is terminated properly by the landlord, the landlord owes the tenant for the fertilizer and/or weed control in addition to standard application charges. For cash rent leases that would be the full amount of the inputs applied, for crop share leases it would be the share that the tenant has paid for.Lastly to avoid terminating leases—communication is so vitally important for both parties to visit at least a few times a year. By doing this hopefully questions and concerns can be talked about and addressed before they become problems.For further information on leasing agricultural land go to www.agmanager.info click onto the Farm Management tab. Also, you can contact your local County or District Extension Office. The Cottonwood Extension Offices, Hays 785-628-9430 and Great Bend 620-793-1910.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Agricultural lease deadline

Kansas State University veterinarian Gregg Hanzlicek said being prepared ahead of calving season is the best way for producers to ensure they will bring home the newborn calves successfully.&nbsp;

“We're approaching the end of the second trimester and moving into the third trimester which means the metabolic demands of that cow or heifer are going to increase tremendously,” Hanzlicek said.

"A key to having a successful calving and production season is for cows and heifers to be in the appropriate body condition, which according to Hanzlicek is a score of 5-7. He said he has seen many cattle in the 3-4 range in the past few months.&nbsp;

“We’re far enough away from calving that we can add condition to these cows and heifers without (creating) an economic burden,” he said. “It really comes down to having a formulated ration that is balanced for protein and energy.

"For those wanting to add scour vaccines to their prevention program, “it’s time to decide what vaccine they are going to use,” Hanzlicek said. “Look at the label and schedule on the calendar when they need to start vaccinating the cows and heifers.”

Hanzlicek said heifers will require two doses of the scours vaccine, while cows need one. The timing of those vaccines is “very, very important,” he said.

Also, Hanzlicek recommends establishing a clean calving area to help reduce the risk of scours. 

“There’s two major risk factors for scours,” he said. “One is the lack of colostrum consumption. The other is a contaminated environment that the babies are born into.”

Hanzlicek recommends having a location to move the pairs off the calving area to keep the calving facility less contaminated with the scour organisms. Getting the calf here safely is another factor to consider, he said.

"Most operations are going to have to help at least one animal during the calving season,” Hanzlicek said.

The last national survey indicated that one of every 100 heifers and two of every 100 adult cows will need assistance. Being prepared to pull a calf is important. Hanzlicek said producers should have the following items on hand:&nbsp;

Intervening at an appropriate time is important.

“If we intervene too early and the cow or heifer is not dilated, we can injure the tissues and hurt the calf,” Hanzlicek said. “If we intervene too late, a lot of times that’s when we end up with stillborn calves.”

According to Hanzlicek, once a cow has reached the second stage of labor, they should give birth within 30 minutes. A heifer should calve within an hour.

Second stage labor is when the heifer or cow can be observed experiencing uterine contractions, or the water-bag or calf’s feet are visible.nIf assistance from the producer is needed, and they are unable to extract the calf within 15 minutes, then help — either a veterinarian or someone with more experience — should be called.

Following calving, the calf should be up and nursing within two hours, Hanzlicek said. If not, a colostrum replacer can be given to help get the calf started.&nbsp;

“Colostrum-based powders are the best way to go, and I would recommend that every producer have one or two bags of powder replacer on hand during the calving season,” Hanzlicek said.&nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

Kansas State University veterinarian Gregg Hanzlicek said being prepared ahead of calving season is the best way for producers to ensure they will bring home the newborn calves successfully.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1698681547863.jpeg" alt="Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>“We're approaching the end of the second trimester and moving into the third trimester which means the metabolic demands of that cow or heifer are going to increase tremendously,” Hanzlicek said."A key to having a successful calving and production season is for cows and heifers to be in the appropriate body condition, which according to Hanzlicek is a score of 5-7. He said he has seen many cattle in the 3-4 range in the past few months.&nbsp;“We’re far enough away from calving that we can add condition to these cows and heifers without (creating) an economic burden,” he said. “It really comes down to having a formulated ration that is balanced for protein and energy."For those wanting to add scour vaccines to their prevention program, “it’s time to decide what vaccine they are going to use,” Hanzlicek said. “Look at the label and schedule on the calendar when they need to start vaccinating the cows and heifers.”Hanzlicek said heifers will require two doses of the scours vaccine, while cows need one. The timing of those vaccines is “very, very important,” he said.Also, Hanzlicek recommends establishing a clean calving area to help reduce the risk of scours. “There’s two major risk factors for scours,” he said. “One is the lack of colostrum consumption. The other is a contaminated environment that the babies are born into.”Hanzlicek recommends having a location to move the pairs off the calving area to keep the calving facility less contaminated with the scour organisms. Getting the calf here safely is another factor to consider, he said."Most operations are going to have to help at least one animal during the calving season,” Hanzlicek said.The last national survey indicated that one of every 100 heifers and two of every 100 adult cows will need assistance. Being prepared to pull a calf is important. Hanzlicek said producers should have the following items on hand:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Clean straps or chains.&nbsp;</li><li>OB sleeves.&nbsp;</li><li>Lube.&nbsp;</li><li>Working calf pullers.&nbsp;</li><li>Veterinarian's phone number.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Intervening at an appropriate time is important.“If we intervene too early and the cow or heifer is not dilated, we can injure the tissues and hurt the calf,” Hanzlicek said. “If we intervene too late, a lot of times that’s when we end up with stillborn calves.”According to Hanzlicek, once a cow has reached the second stage of labor, they should give birth within 30 minutes. A heifer should calve within an hour.Second stage labor is when the heifer or cow can be observed experiencing uterine contractions, or the water-bag or calf’s feet are visible.nIf assistance from the producer is needed, and they are unable to extract the calf within 15 minutes, then help — either a veterinarian or someone with more experience — should be called.Following calving, the calf should be up and nursing within two hours, Hanzlicek said. If not, a colostrum replacer can be given to help get the calf started.&nbsp;“Colostrum-based powders are the best way to go, and I would recommend that every producer have one or two bags of powder replacer on hand during the calving season,” Hanzlicek said.&nbsp;K-State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well-being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K-State campus in Manhattan.K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

Boor: Tips on delivering calves safely

Refresh – Webster’s Dictionary defines refresh as to restore strength and animation, or to restore or maintain by renewing supply.&nbsp;

A book I am reading described busy times, and especially the holidays, as a singer trying to maintain a high note without a breath. I like this analogy as we can get caught in the busyness of any season and forget what it feels like to just stop and rest; to truly refresh.&nbsp;

In our 4-H world, many people don’t realize that the number of tasks, planning, and events are just as busy in October, November, and December as we are during the fair. It is very much trying to maintain that high note without a breath!&nbsp;&nbsp;

In the midst of holiday gatherings, community events, and family activities, I hope that each of you can set aside the lists and hurry to slow down and enjoy the people around you. A friend modeled this over the weekend; she had dozens of tasks on her to-do list but realized that one of her favorite musicals was on tv. She stopped and enjoyed a couple of hours getting caught up in the familiar songs and story. Yes, she still had lots to do but that break helped her to feel refreshed and ready to tackle her list in a different way.&nbsp;

Kids can absolutely help with many tasks on our list. Does it take a little longer? Possibly! But you may also be helping them learn important skills and building memories in ways that you can’t begin to imagine! Will they do it exactly as you would? Maybe not but keep the focus on their help and the learning process.&nbsp;&nbsp;

My own family does things a little differently than I do whether household tasks, yard work, or cooking and I have learned to just roll with it! My husband folds towels differently than I do; it doesn’t make it wrong and, at the end of the day, the towels are folded and put away!&nbsp;&nbsp;

Our offices will be closed from December 23 through January 1 as we also take time to rest and refresh! My holiday wish for each of you is a bit of time to refresh your own spirit and schedule.&nbsp;

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.&nbsp;

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Refresh – Webster’s Dictionary defines refresh as to restore strength and animation, or to restore or maintain by renewing supply.&nbsp;A book I am reading described busy times, and especially the holidays, as a singer trying to maintain a high note without a breath. I like this analogy as we can get caught in the busyness of any season and forget what it feels like to just stop and rest; to truly refresh.&nbsp;In our 4-H world, many people don’t realize that the number of tasks, planning, and events are just as busy in October, November, and December as we are during the fair. It is very much trying to maintain that high note without a breath!&nbsp;&nbsp;In the midst of holiday gatherings, community events, and family activities, I hope that each of you can set aside the lists and hurry to slow down and enjoy the people around you. A friend modeled this over the weekend; she had dozens of tasks on her to-do list but realized that one of her favorite musicals was on tv. She stopped and enjoyed a couple of hours getting caught up in the familiar songs and story. Yes, she still had lots to do but that break helped her to feel refreshed and ready to tackle her list in a different way.&nbsp;Kids can absolutely help with many tasks on our list. Does it take a little longer? Possibly! But you may also be helping them learn important skills and building memories in ways that you can’t begin to imagine! Will they do it exactly as you would? Maybe not but keep the focus on their help and the learning process.&nbsp;&nbsp;My own family does things a little differently than I do whether household tasks, yard work, or cooking and I have learned to just roll with it! My husband folds towels differently than I do; it doesn’t make it wrong and, at the end of the day, the towels are folded and put away!&nbsp;&nbsp;Our offices will be closed from December 23 through January 1 as we also take time to rest and refresh! My holiday wish for each of you is a bit of time to refresh your own spirit and schedule.&nbsp;Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.&nbsp;Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu" target="_blank">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.&nbsp;Kansas State University is committed to making its services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. If you have special requirements due to a physical, vision, or hearing disability.&nbsp;

BERAN: Refresh

If you’ve ever read George Carlin’s views on aging, you know that our perspective on getting older changes throughout life. As kids, we were always thinking of our age in fractions, excited to be a year older. By the time we hit 35, some of us might stretch the truth and fib that we are a couple of years younger than what the birth certificate clearly states. But a funny thing happens once a person turns 100. We start counting in fractions again, proud of how far we have come.

What if we always viewed our age as something to be proud of? With age comes experience, wisdom, and clear priorities. Through time, all of these things ultimately mold us into the person we are today. So instead of reminiscing on who we used to be, what if we were appreciative of how far we have come?

This is what Wellness Wednesdays will be about— embracing aging and learning how to do it well. This January will kick off the monthly series at the Great Bend Senior Center at 11 a.m. You can catch me here the first Wednesday of each month sharing information related to healthy aging, nutrition, physical activity, Medicare guidance and more.

Each lesson will be laid back and interactive. Occasionally, I will bring a healthy treat to sample and you’ll get the recipe to try it on your own. You’ll also be sure to take away new information and get the chance to socialize.

In our first session on Jan. 3, we will discuss perspective. The connection between the mind and body is strong. An overall, positive attitude affects happiness, health, and well-being. Similar to physical activity and eating well, our outlook on life can affect our life expectancy and quality of life! Research continues to explore the effects of optimism on health. These include:

· Better psychological and physical wellbeing

· Reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease

· Better coping skills during hardship and times of stress

It’s amazing how mental health and physical health are so closely related. To learn more about this connection, and how to practice healthy habits that improve optimism, join me on Jan. 3 at the Great Bend Senior Center from 11 to 11:45 a.m. right before you grab lunch.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

If you’ve ever read George Carlin’s views on aging, you know that our perspective on getting older changes throughout life. As kids, we were always thinking of our age in fractions, excited to be a year older. By the time we hit 35, some of us might stretch the truth and fib that we are a couple of years younger than what the birth certificate clearly states. But a funny thing happens once a person turns 100. We start counting in fractions again, proud of how far we have come.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel</figcaption>
 </figure>What if we always viewed our age as something to be proud of? With age comes experience, wisdom, and clear priorities. Through time, all of these things ultimately mold us into the person we are today. So instead of reminiscing on who we used to be, what if we were appreciative of how far we have come?This is what Wellness Wednesdays will be about— embracing aging and learning how to do it well. This January will kick off the monthly series at the Great Bend Senior Center at 11 a.m. You can catch me here the first Wednesday of each month sharing information related to healthy aging, nutrition, physical activity, Medicare guidance and more.Each lesson will be laid back and interactive. Occasionally, I will bring a healthy treat to sample and you’ll get the recipe to try it on your own. You’ll also be sure to take away new information and get the chance to socialize.In our first session on Jan. 3, we will discuss perspective. The connection between the mind and body is strong. An overall, positive attitude affects happiness, health, and well-being. Similar to physical activity and eating well, our outlook on life can affect our life expectancy and quality of life! Research continues to explore the effects of optimism on health. These include:· Increased life span· Lower rates of depression· Greater resistance to the common cold· Better psychological and physical wellbeing· Reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease· Better coping skills during hardship and times of stressIt’s amazing how mental health and physical health are so closely related. To learn more about this connection, and how to practice healthy habits that improve optimism, join me on Jan. 3 at the Great Bend Senior Center from 11 to 11:45 a.m. right before you grab lunch.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Winkel: 2024 Wellness Wednesdays

Did you know that Kansas State University has a “Farm Analyst” program which offers one-on-one consultation, using active farmers, ranchers and extension agents who are trained as K-State Research and Extension analysts. The program has provided assistance to more than 1,000 farm families.

The Farm Analyst program in fact has a long history of helping farm families review their finances and make a financial plan.

A lot of people will work with the farm analyst, when it's better times financially, and they can help them with their budgets to try to figure out how they're going to manage (long term).

Some families, work with a farm analyst annually while others only consult with an analyst when they are looking at an expansion, experiencing a financial difficulty, or making a major change.

A farm analyst will go out to the farm and work with the family for the day, going through all of their finances. This is available to farmers across Kansas or anybody who has a land ownership interest in Kansas.

Analysts use a financial tool called FinPack to build a full financial analysis of the operation. It allows them to look at alternatives side by side and try to consider every aspect of a change someone might be looking at making.

A common scenario is exploring land purchases. The farm analyst person can help analyze a land purchase by taking into consideration the loan, property taxes, acres, and the likely revenue and expenses associated with the purchase.

When producers provide them with the best information that they have. Then, the farm analyst can put together something that can be a tool to make more informed decisions.

To schedule a farm analysis, or for inquiries interested families can call the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Service at 800-321-3276, email kams@ksu.edu or visit www.ksu.edu/kams/

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Did you know that Kansas State University has a “Farm Analyst” program which offers one-on-one consultation, using active farmers, ranchers and extension agents who are trained as K-State Research and Extension analysts. The program has provided assistance to more than 1,000 farm families.The Farm Analyst program in fact has a long history of helping farm families review their finances and make a financial plan.A lot of people will work with the farm analyst, when it's better times financially, and they can help them with their budgets to try to figure out how they're going to manage (long term).Some families, work with a farm analyst annually while others only consult with an analyst when they are looking at an expansion, experiencing a financial difficulty, or making a major change.A farm analyst will go out to the farm and work with the family for the day, going through all of their finances. This is available to farmers across Kansas or anybody who has a land ownership interest in Kansas.Analysts use a financial tool called FinPack to build a full financial analysis of the operation. It allows them to look at alternatives side by side and try to consider every aspect of a change someone might be looking at making.A common scenario is exploring land purchases. The farm analyst person can help analyze a land purchase by taking into consideration the loan, property taxes, acres, and the likely revenue and expenses associated with the purchase.When producers provide them with the best information that they have. Then, the farm analyst can put together something that can be a tool to make more informed decisions.To schedule a farm analysis, or for inquiries interested families can call the Kansas Agriculture Mediation Service at 800-321-3276, email kams@ksu.edu or visit www.ksu.edu/kams/Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

Campbell: Farm analyst program helps Kansas producers make financial decisions

As a person ages, the ability to get out of the house and interact with others decreases. Reduced mobility, health concerns, weather conditions, or even a lack of social opportunities are a few factors that prevent older adults from socializing.

This social isolation can increase health risks, and research from the CDC indicates:

· Social isolation significantly increases a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity.

· Social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia.

· Poor social relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) are associated with a 29% increased risk of heart disease and a 32% increased risk of stroke.

· Loneliness is associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.

Whatever factors may hinder a person from keeping up their social skills also has the potential to greatly impact their overall health. This is why it is vital to keep social connections alive. If you or someone you know may be at risk for social isolation, there are several ways to combat it.

Encourage relationships among family. Making it routine to visit older family members can give them a sense of hope and something to look forward to. Spending time with older family members can be simple. Visiting, looking through old photos, cooking, or enjoying a TV show together are great places to start. This time of year may also be the perfect opportunity to send the kids to grandpa and grandma’s house over Christmas break. Intergenerational relationships not only spark vitality in aging people but broaden children’s learning experiences, and older adults can give them the undivided attention they need.

Rediscover hobbies. Take some time to learn what your loved one enjoys doing and join them! Keeping the brain and body active is essential in maintaining mental sharpness and hand-eye coordination. Joining a group fitness class, attending a quilting group, or community gardening are a few options. Encouraging them to keep busy by volunteering may be another great opportunity because it can give them a sense of purpose and the chance to connect with others.

Support social activities. Be on the lookout for programs that may interest them. Senior centers provide a wide variety of activities such as art courses, board game days, or educational short courses. In fact, the Great Bend Senior Center will host a monthly ‘Wellness Wednesday’ class starting January 8th. This may be a great opportunity for older adults to sit back and learn while getting the chance to interact with peers.

Whatever strategy you choose to reduce social isolation, it is important to recognize the value of spending time with the aging population. Giving them a phone call, dropping by to say hi, and encouraging them to get involved are all simple ways to improve their quality of life and even extend it.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As a person ages, the ability to get out of the house and interact with others decreases. Reduced mobility, health concerns, weather conditions, or even a lack of social opportunities are a few factors that prevent older adults from socializing.This social isolation can increase health risks, and research from the CDC indicates:· Social isolation significantly increases a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, a risk that may rival those of smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity.· Social isolation is associated with about a 50% increased risk of dementia.· Poor social relationships (characterized by social isolation or loneliness) are associated with a 29% increased risk of heart disease and a 32% increased risk of stroke.· Loneliness is associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.Whatever factors may hinder a person from keeping up their social skills also has the potential to greatly impact their overall health. This is why it is vital to keep social connections alive. If you or someone you know may be at risk for social isolation, there are several ways to combat it.Encourage relationships among family. Making it routine to visit older family members can give them a sense of hope and something to look forward to. Spending time with older family members can be simple. Visiting, looking through old photos, cooking, or enjoying a TV show together are great places to start. This time of year may also be the perfect opportunity to send the kids to grandpa and grandma’s house over Christmas break. Intergenerational relationships not only spark vitality in aging people but broaden children’s learning experiences, and older adults can give them the undivided attention they need.Rediscover hobbies. Take some time to learn what your loved one enjoys doing and join them! Keeping the brain and body active is essential in maintaining mental sharpness and hand-eye coordination. Joining a group fitness class, attending a quilting group, or community gardening are a few options. Encouraging them to keep busy by volunteering may be another great opportunity because it can give them a sense of purpose and the chance to connect with others.Support social activities. Be on the lookout for programs that may interest them. Senior centers provide a wide variety of activities such as art courses, board game days, or educational short courses. In fact, the Great Bend Senior Center will host a monthly ‘Wellness Wednesday’ class starting January 8th. This may be a great opportunity for older adults to sit back and learn while getting the chance to interact with peers.Whatever strategy you choose to reduce social isolation, it is important to recognize the value of spending time with the aging population. Giving them a phone call, dropping by to say hi, and encouraging them to get involved are all simple ways to improve their quality of life and even extend it.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Remaining social maintains health

As most Kansans know, whole wheat products provide a great amount of nutrients such as fiber, B vitamins, folate, and more. It is used worldwide in many recipes, and if you pay attention to food labels, you are aware that gluten, a protein found in wheat, is in products you might not expect. In fact, those with gluten sensitivity have to exclude many foods that contain the protein because their body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine.

Those with gluten intolerance can experience increased inflammation throughout the body, fatigue, chronic digestive issues, and headaches.

However, breakthrough research from Kansas State University has found a method to develop wheat-based foods that contain lower amounts of gluten. This discovery may lessen the adverse effects for those with celiac or other autoimmune diseases.

Eduard Akhunov, University Distinguished Professor in K-State’s Department of Plant Pathology and director of the Wheat Genetics Resource Center states that gluten likely will never be completely removed from wheat since it is important for bread-making. Gluten provides the texture, flavor and moisture in such products as bread, bagels, and noodles. Even though reduced levels of gluten achieved in this study won’t make wheat immediately safe for those with severe levels of celiac disease, Akhunov says, “It is important to step forward.”

The nature of wheat breeding research means varieties with reduced gluten content may not be available to consumers for many years, but this study will broaden the options available for those with minor gluten sensitivity, and with further research, it could pave the road for developing new varieties that will be safer for people with celiac disease.

Aaron Harries, the vice president of research and operations for Kansas Wheat, made a good point when he said, “There are many wheat farmers and members of their families in Kansas that have celiac disease. It is ironic and unfortunate that they raise wheat for a living but can’t

eat wheat foods. Most consumers would prefer not to give up wheat foods in their diet. Developing wheat varieties that are consumable by people with celiac disease would make their lives much easier.”

The full research article is published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Plant Biotechnology Journal.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697484540273.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>As most Kansans know, whole wheat products provide a great amount of nutrients such as fiber, B vitamins, folate, and more. It is used worldwide in many recipes, and if you pay attention to food labels, you are aware that gluten, a protein found in wheat, is in products you might not expect. In fact, those with gluten sensitivity have to exclude many foods that contain the protein because their body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine.Those with gluten intolerance can experience increased inflammation throughout the body, fatigue, chronic digestive issues, and headaches.However, breakthrough research from Kansas State University has found a method to develop wheat-based foods that contain lower amounts of gluten. This discovery may lessen the adverse effects for those with celiac or other autoimmune diseases.Eduard Akhunov, University Distinguished Professor in K-State’s Department of Plant Pathology and director of the Wheat Genetics Resource Center states that gluten likely will never be completely removed from wheat since it is important for bread-making. Gluten provides the texture, flavor and moisture in such products as bread, bagels, and noodles. Even though reduced levels of gluten achieved in this study won’t make wheat immediately safe for those with severe levels of celiac disease, Akhunov says, “It is important to step forward.”The nature of wheat breeding research means varieties with reduced gluten content may not be available to consumers for many years, but this study will broaden the options available for those with minor gluten sensitivity, and with further research, it could pave the road for developing new varieties that will be safer for people with celiac disease.Aaron Harries, the vice president of research and operations for Kansas Wheat, made a good point when he said, “There are many wheat farmers and members of their families in Kansas that have celiac disease. It is ironic and unfortunate that they raise wheat for a living but can’teat wheat foods. Most consumers would prefer not to give up wheat foods in their diet. Developing wheat varieties that are consumable by people with celiac disease would make their lives much easier.”The full research article is published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Plant Biotechnology Journal.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Winkel: Safer wheat products on the Rise: Gluten reduction

Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension District

According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;

Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;

Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;

Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;

The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;

Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Monique Koerner Cottonwood Extension DistrictAccording to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry children and adolescents spend a lot of time watching screens, including smartphones, tables, gaming consoles, TVs, and computers.&nbsp; On average, children ages 8-12 in the Unites States spend 4-6 hours a day watching or using screens, and teens spend up to 9 hours. While screens can entertain, teach, and keep children occupied, too much use may lead to problems.&nbsp;Parents may not always know what their children are viewing, or how much time they are spending with screens.&nbsp; Children may be exposed to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Violence and Risk-taking behaviors&nbsp;</li><li>Videos of stunts or challenges that may inspire unsafe behavior&nbsp;</li><li>Sexual content&nbsp;</li><li>Negative stereotypes&nbsp;</li><li>Substance use&nbsp;</li><li>Cyberbullies and predators&nbsp;</li><li>Advertising aimed at your child&nbsp;</li><li>Misleading or inaccurate information&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Too much screen time may lead to:&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Sleep problems&nbsp;</li><li>Lower grades in school&nbsp;</li><li>Reading fewer books&nbsp;</li><li>Less time with family and friends&nbsp;</li><li>Not enough outdoor or physical activity&nbsp;</li><li>Weight problems&nbsp;</li>
 </ul><ul>
 <li>Mood problems&nbsp;</li><li>Poor self-image and body image issues&nbsp;</li><li>Fear of missing out&nbsp;</li><li>Less time learning other ways to relax and have fun&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Managing screen time is challenging for families.&nbsp; Your child is never too young for a screen-time plan.&nbsp; Start when they are young so they know the rules and know what to expect. Until 18 months of age only allow video chatting along with an adult (such as with a parent who is out of town).&nbsp; Ages18-24 months should only have screen time that is educational programming and is watched with a caregiver.&nbsp; For children 2-5, limit non-educational screen time to about 1 hour per weekday and 3 hours on the weekend days.&nbsp; For ages 6 and older, encourage healthy habits and limit activities that include screens.&nbsp; Turn off all screens during family meals and outings.&nbsp; Learn about and use parental controls.&nbsp; Avoid using screens as pacifiers, babysitters or to stop tantrums.&nbsp; Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed and do not allow screens in bedrooms.&nbsp;Some baseline rules would include screen free times and zones within the family and home.&nbsp; Plan media free times such as family dinners, while doing homework, or on outings to stores.&nbsp; Another example would be to decide on media-free, unplugged locations in homes, such as bedrooms and bathrooms.&nbsp; As a parent or caregiver, set a good example and turn off your screens or set your phone to do not disturb during family time.&nbsp; Share this information with all caregivers including grandparents so everyone is on the same page.&nbsp;The key takeaway is to find a healthy balance that works best for your children and family.&nbsp; Children need healthy boundaries and that includes screen time.&nbsp; Children learn best by face to face interactions with other children and adults.&nbsp; Development and health can be affected by too much screen time.&nbsp; Screen time affects how children feel, learn, think and behave. Make a long-term investment in your children’s health and well being by setting up a plan and talking about it regularly.&nbsp;Other resources include: <a href="http://www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan" target="_blank">www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan</a>&nbsp;commonsensemedia.org&nbsp;aacap.org&nbsp;Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or <a href="mailto:moniquek@ksu.edu" target="_blank">moniquek@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

KOERNER: Tips to manage children screen time

By MIKE COURSON&nbsp;Great Bend Post

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is not going away. The United States Department of Agriculture reports more than 72.5 million chickens, turkeys, and other birds have been killed since the outbreak began in 2022. 

On Tuesday, Cal-Maine Foods near Chase in Rice County reported it had temporarily ceased production after positive HPAI tests. The company has reported the virus has impacted nearly 700,000 laying hens, or nearly two percent of its total flock.&nbsp; Avian flu is also reported in McPherson County, according to a media release from the Kansas Department of Agriculture.

Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research, reminds poultry providers to be cautious.

"Poultry farmers need to be very careful - if you can, have your birds indoors because it is transferred from the wild birds that are migrating through," she said. "If you can have them indoors - indoor water sources, indoor feed - so they have a lesser chance. That's the best thing you can do for those animals is to completely isolate them."

The Kansas Department of Agriculture indicated the first positive test in Barton County on Dec. 8, of a non-poultry bird, though no test date was indicated. 

Boor said for those unable to move birds indoors, disinfecting food and water treys routinely can help mitigate the spread of the virus. Flock owners should watch for symptoms and report any incidences to their local veterinarian so it can be turned over to state authorities. The virus will likely be around for a while.

"Usually, when the birds finish their migration through the area it will calm down again until they start coming back to the north in the spring," Boor said. "It's being transferred more readily because we have so many migrating birds."

Officials believe there is little risk the virus will be contracted by humans. Symptoms among birds include coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, decreased egg production, and soft-shelled or misshapen eggs.

By MIKE COURSON&nbsp;Great Bend PostHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is not going away. The United States Department of Agriculture reports more than 72.5 million chickens, turkeys, and other birds have been killed since the outbreak began in 2022. On Tuesday, Cal-Maine Foods near Chase in Rice County reported it had temporarily ceased production after positive HPAI tests. The company has reported the virus has impacted nearly 700,000 laying hens, or nearly two percent of its total flock.&nbsp; Avian flu is also reported in McPherson County, according to a media release from the Kansas Department of Agriculture.Alicia Boor, agriculture and natural resources agent in the Cottonwood District for K-State Research, reminds poultry providers to be cautious."Poultry farmers need to be very careful - if you can, have your birds indoors because it is transferred from the wild birds that are migrating through," she said. "If you can have them indoors - indoor water sources, indoor feed - so they have a lesser chance. That's the best thing you can do for those animals is to completely isolate them."The Kansas Department of Agriculture indicated the first positive test in Barton County on Dec. 8, of a non-poultry bird, though no test date was indicated. Boor said for those unable to move birds indoors, disinfecting food and water treys routinely can help mitigate the spread of the virus. Flock owners should watch for symptoms and report any incidences to their local veterinarian so it can be turned over to state authorities. The virus will likely be around for a while."Usually, when the birds finish their migration through the area it will calm down again until they start coming back to the north in the spring," Boor said. "It's being transferred more readily because we have so many migrating birds."Officials believe there is little risk the virus will be contracted by humans. Symptoms among birds include coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, decreased egg production, and soft-shelled or misshapen eggs.

KDA: Avian flu identified in an another county in Kansas

With more than 80 years of experience serving producers, the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) maintains a long-term commitment to Kansas agriculture, by building strong relationships with agriculture producers. Twenty-four KFMA economists, who are part of the Department of K-State Agricultural Economics, comprise the professional staff of the KFMA program. The economists/fieldman work cooperatively with farm families to provide members with production and financial management information for use in decision making.

The primary goal of the KFMA program is to provide each member with information that can be used to help make farm and family decisions. KFMA Economists assist producers by providing the following information and services:

· Accrual basis whole-farm and enterprise analysis

· Financial benchmarks for comparing performance with similar farms

· Integrated tax planning, marketing and asset investment strategies

· Assistance with estate planning and farm succession planning

· Guidance for business entity and structure planning

The Kansas Farm Management Association Program is organized into six regional associations. The K-MAR -105 Association serves as the central information processing unit for the six Associations. K-MAR-105 maintains data banks that are used extensively for Agricultural Economics Research and Extension activities. For further information about the KFMA visit https://www.agmanager.info/kfma or contact Mark Dikeman, KFMA and KMAR-105 Executive Director at 785-532-0516, dikemanm@ksu.edu or you can contact your local County or District Extension Office and they can put you in contact with a KFMA Economist/Fieldman for your area.

Cottonwood Extension DistrictWith more than 80 years of experience serving producers, the Kansas Farm Management Association (KFMA) maintains a long-term commitment to Kansas agriculture, by building strong relationships with agriculture producers. Twenty-four KFMA economists, who are part of the Department of K-State Agricultural Economics, comprise the professional staff of the KFMA program. The economists/fieldman work cooperatively with farm families to provide members with production and financial management information for use in decision making.The primary goal of the KFMA program is to provide each member with information that can be used to help make farm and family decisions. KFMA Economists assist producers by providing the following information and services:· Sound farm accounting systems· On-farm visits· Accrual basis whole-farm and enterprise analysis· Financial benchmarks for comparing performance with similar farms· Year-end tax planning and management· Integrated tax planning, marketing and asset investment strategies· Assistance with estate planning and farm succession planning· Guidance for business entity and structure planning· Improved decision makingThe Kansas Farm Management Association Program is organized into six regional associations. The K-MAR -105 Association serves as the central information processing unit for the six Associations. K-MAR-105 maintains data banks that are used extensively for Agricultural Economics Research and Extension activities. For further information about the KFMA visit https://www.agmanager.info/kfma or contact Mark Dikeman, KFMA and KMAR-105 Executive Director at 785-532-0516, dikemanm@ksu.edu or you can contact your local County or District Extension Office and they can put you in contact with a KFMA Economist/Fieldman for your area.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

Kansas Farm Management Association continues 8 decades of helping producers

After the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.

On January 4th at 5:30 pm, 21 Central District will host a Calving School at the Stafford County Annex Building, 210 East Third, St. John.

The evening will start with a meal catered by Wheatland Café. Cost is $10 per person with the help of sponsors, including: South Fork Veterinary Hospital, Xtra Factors, and 701x Autonomous Rancher.

Dr A.J. Tarpoff, KSRE Beef Veterinarian will cover topics including: Stages of the normal calving process and tips to handle difficult calving situations, when and how to intervene, the calving process, and demonstrating proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.

A calving kit door prize drawing will happen at the end of the evening, sponsored by South Wind Animal Health.

To Register: call the Stafford County Extension Office at 620-549-3502. Please RSVP by December 27th, for meal planning.

Kansas State University beef extension specialists and agents will host a cow-calf production clinic January 10th at the Ellis County Extension office located at 601 Main St in Hays.

The clinic is scheduled from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will focus on “Navigating Opportunities and Risks: Production and Forage Considerations,” with discussion on local conditions encountered by cow-calf producers.

The clinics will also include interactive polls, forage sampling in a drought year, implications of -forage sampling and presentation by K-State agricultural economist Jenny Ifft, who will discuss making dollars and cents of risk management tools.

There will be a $10 cost payable at the door and a meal will be provided. RSVP by Jan. 5th for a meal count by calling 785-628-9430 or emailing Theresa Meis at tam3@ksu.edu.

Extension agents Clint Laflin and Alicia Boor will host a joint extension program in Ellsworth, Kans. on Thursday January 18th, 2023. Topics covered include financial budgeting, understanding interest rate trends, risk management insurance options, and farm family transitions.

Experts from local banks, the Kansas Farm Management Association, and Kansas State Research and Extension will serve as speakers, and be on hand to answer attendee questions.

Registration cost is $10 payable at the door by cash or check. The event will take place at the Ellsworth Health and Recreation Center: 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth, KS 67439.

Registration begins at 9:00 a.m. with coffee and doughnuts provided, followed by our first speaker. The event will conclude by 3 p.m.

An RSVP is requested by Friday, January 12th to give organizers an accurate count for our catered lunch provided to attendees. To register please email or call Midway District Livestock Agent, Clint Laflin, at cllaflin@ksu.edu, or 785-483-3157.

Alfalfa and forage meeting to be held January 24th in Great Bend

K-State Research and Extension along with the Kansas Forage and Grasslands council are hosting an Alfalfa and Forage school on January 24th at the Burnside Room, 1214 Stone Street in Great Bend. The meeting will be held from 10-2 and will include discussions over planting practices, fertility, water use efficiency, economics, entomology, and weed control. The cost to attend is free for members of KFGC and 45.00 for non-members, which will include a one-year membership. RSVP to Alicia Boor at aboor@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910 by January 19th.

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910

K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedAfter the holidays, KSRE has several upcoming programs to help you with your operation. For more information, you can contact me at 620-793-1910. We hope to see you at our programs.Calving SchoolOn January 4th at 5:30 pm, 21 Central District will host a Calving School at the Stafford County Annex Building, 210 East Third, St. John.The evening will start with a meal catered by Wheatland Café. Cost is $10 per person with the help of sponsors, including: South Fork Veterinary Hospital, Xtra Factors, and 701x Autonomous Rancher.Dr A.J. Tarpoff, KSRE Beef Veterinarian will cover topics including: Stages of the normal calving process and tips to handle difficult calving situations, when and how to intervene, the calving process, and demonstrating proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.A calving kit door prize drawing will happen at the end of the evening, sponsored by South Wind Animal Health.To Register: call the Stafford County Extension Office at 620-549-3502. Please RSVP by December 27th, for meal planning.Cow-calf Clinic, January 10thKansas State University beef extension specialists and agents will host a cow-calf production clinic January 10th at the Ellis County Extension office located at 601 Main St in Hays.The clinic is scheduled from 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. and will focus on “Navigating Opportunities and Risks: Production and Forage Considerations,” with discussion on local conditions encountered by cow-calf producers.The clinics will also include interactive polls, forage sampling in a drought year, implications of -forage sampling and presentation by K-State agricultural economist Jenny Ifft, who will discuss making dollars and cents of risk management tools.There will be a $10 cost payable at the door and a meal will be provided. RSVP by Jan. 5th for a meal count by calling 785-628-9430 or emailing Theresa Meis at tam3@ksu.edu.Agricultural Producers MeetingExtension agents Clint Laflin and Alicia Boor will host a joint extension program in Ellsworth, Kans. on Thursday January 18th, 2023. Topics covered include financial budgeting, understanding interest rate trends, risk management insurance options, and farm family transitions.Experts from local banks, the Kansas Farm Management Association, and Kansas State Research and Extension will serve as speakers, and be on hand to answer attendee questions.Registration cost is $10 payable at the door by cash or check. The event will take place at the Ellsworth Health and Recreation Center: 221 West Douglas Ave, Ellsworth, KS 67439.Registration begins at 9:00 a.m. with coffee and doughnuts provided, followed by our first speaker. The event will conclude by 3 p.m.An RSVP is requested by Friday, January 12th to give organizers an accurate count for our catered lunch provided to attendees. To register please email or call Midway District Livestock Agent, Clint Laflin, at cllaflin@ksu.edu, or 785-483-3157.Alfalfa and forage meeting to be held January 24th in Great BendK-State Research and Extension along with the Kansas Forage and Grasslands council are hosting an Alfalfa and Forage school on January 24th at the Burnside Room, 1214 Stone Street in Great Bend. The meeting will be held from 10-2 and will include discussions over planting practices, fertility, water use efficiency, economics, entomology, and weed control. The cost to attend is free for members of KFGC and 45.00 for non-members, which will include a one-year membership. RSVP to Alicia Boor at aboor@ksu.edu or 620-793-1910 by January 19th.Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at aboor@ksu.edu or calling 620-793-1910K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Kansas State University, County Extension Councils, Extension Districts, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating.

Boor: K-State Research and Extension plans operational programs

Holiday expenses can creep up on us unexpectedly. Sometimes it’s difficult to think of everything that goes into our holiday. The holidays can put a financial burden even on the savviest of shoppers and savers. But like most things, taking time to plan can help you avoid the stress that comes with overspending. Before you hit the mall or shop for Christmas deals, keep reading to learn how to make a holiday spending plan that works for you.

First, make sure you account for all of your typical expenses so that you don’t come up short on bills or things like rent. Continue your normal budgeting and saving plans as well as paying regular monthly bills. Sometimes companies will offer skip a payment around the holidays. Make sure you understand the terms before agreeing because often times you are still accruing interest which may not be in your best interest.

Next, think about what else you may be spending on in the coming weeks. Are you hosting a party at your home, or traveling to visit family or friends? If so, estimate what those things will cost you. Once you’ve subtracted any expenses from your usual budget, you can think about how much you have to spend on gifts. It’s best to start planning this as early as possible, but will still work if you are just starting. That way you can look at how much you’ll earn between now and the holidays and calculate how much you can save to cover your holiday spending. Being realistic about your budget will help make sure you don’t overspend. Yes, obviously, the gifts may be easy to budget for but there are often unexpected expenses such as travel, food, and entertainment. Think through all your plans for the holidays and what will cost you money before budgeting.

2. Make a list (and check it twice)

With all of the excitement of the holidays, it can be easy to get carried away. Make a list of the gifts you need and cross them off as you go. Check your list several times before you go shopping so that you don’t leave anything off. This is when a personal rule may come in handy. You might set a personal rule for yourself, such as: If something isn’t on your list, don’t buy it. This can get difficult when you see sales and deals pop up—but spending on something you don’t really need can make it difficult to pay for the things you do.

There may be ways to give a meaningful gift at a fraction of the cost as buying something from a store. This may not work for everyone on your list, but here are some low-cost suggestions:

§ Homemade mixes in a mason jar, such as hot chocolate, bean soup, or cookie mixes

§ Your favorite recipes with photos in a custom picture book

4. Decide how you’re going to pay

Are you going to use cash or credit cards to pay for gifts? A helpful rule to set for yourself is to only bring the amount of money you plan to spend. That way you can help yourself stay within your budget because once you spend the money you brought, you’re done. On the other hand, using a credit card can give you more consumer rights if the item is broken when you open the box and doesn’t require you to travel with large amounts of cash. If you do decide to buy your holiday gifts with a credit card, make sure you have a specific plan to pay your credit card bill and have set aside enough in your budget to do so.

Keep an eye on your debit or credit card. You may be using it frequently so make sure you always put it back in the same place. Be very mindful of where it is used and who has had access to it. Safeguard your information.

You also want to keep your receipts for any gift returns. Review your charges on your statement or online frequently as well because it’s easier to resolve any fraudulent charges earlier rather than later.

Just like you wrote down your lists to keep track of what you need to buy, you could also keep track of what you’ve spent. Periodically check to see if you are on track and sticking to your budget. Did you spend more or less than you thought you would on certain items? If you don’t keep track of what you spent, you could end up with an unpleasant credit card bill next month.

Another tip would be to keep your receipts. Review those at the end of the day and make sure you are staying within your budget. Sometimes we think we spend less then when we actually add it up. Using a credit card can also increase spending. Some studies have shown that you are more likely to spend more when using a credit card versus paying with cash.

The holidays can be a very stressful time for some people, planning for the expenses can help relieve some of that stress when the new year rolls around.

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu

K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Holiday expenses can creep up on us unexpectedly. Sometimes it’s difficult to think of everything that goes into our holiday. The holidays can put a financial burden even on the savviest of shoppers and savers. But like most things, taking time to plan can help you avoid the stress that comes with overspending. Before you hit the mall or shop for Christmas deals, keep reading to learn how to make a holiday spending plan that works for you.1. Set a budgetFirst, make sure you account for all of your typical expenses so that you don’t come up short on bills or things like rent. Continue your normal budgeting and saving plans as well as paying regular monthly bills. Sometimes companies will offer skip a payment around the holidays. Make sure you understand the terms before agreeing because often times you are still accruing interest which may not be in your best interest.Next, think about what else you may be spending on in the coming weeks. Are you hosting a party at your home, or traveling to visit family or friends? If so, estimate what those things will cost you. Once you’ve subtracted any expenses from your usual budget, you can think about how much you have to spend on gifts. It’s best to start planning this as early as possible, but will still work if you are just starting. That way you can look at how much you’ll earn between now and the holidays and calculate how much you can save to cover your holiday spending. Being realistic about your budget will help make sure you don’t overspend. Yes, obviously, the gifts may be easy to budget for but there are often unexpected expenses such as travel, food, and entertainment. Think through all your plans for the holidays and what will cost you money before budgeting.2. Make a list (and check it twice)With all of the excitement of the holidays, it can be easy to get carried away. Make a list of the gifts you need and cross them off as you go. Check your list several times before you go shopping so that you don’t leave anything off. This is when a personal rule may come in handy. You might set a personal rule for yourself, such as: If something isn’t on your list, don’t buy it. This can get difficult when you see sales and deals pop up—but spending on something you don’t really need can make it difficult to pay for the things you do.3. Get creativeThere may be ways to give a meaningful gift at a fraction of the cost as buying something from a store. This may not work for everyone on your list, but here are some low-cost suggestions:§ Homemade mixes in a mason jar, such as hot chocolate, bean soup, or cookie mixes§ Your favorite recipes with photos in a custom picture book4. Decide how you’re going to payAre you going to use cash or credit cards to pay for gifts? A helpful rule to set for yourself is to only bring the amount of money you plan to spend. That way you can help yourself stay within your budget because once you spend the money you brought, you’re done. On the other hand, using a credit card can give you more consumer rights if the item is broken when you open the box and doesn’t require you to travel with large amounts of cash. If you do decide to buy your holiday gifts with a credit card, make sure you have a specific plan to pay your credit card bill and have set aside enough in your budget to do so.Keep an eye on your debit or credit card. You may be using it frequently so make sure you always put it back in the same place. Be very mindful of where it is used and who has had access to it. Safeguard your information.You also want to keep your receipts for any gift returns. Review your charges on your statement or online frequently as well because it’s easier to resolve any fraudulent charges earlier rather than later.5. Track your holiday spendingJust like you wrote down your lists to keep track of what you need to buy, you could also keep track of what you’ve spent. Periodically check to see if you are on track and sticking to your budget. Did you spend more or less than you thought you would on certain items? If you don’t keep track of what you spent, you could end up with an unpleasant credit card bill next month.Another tip would be to keep your receipts. Review those at the end of the day and make sure you are staying within your budget. Sometimes we think we spend less then when we actually add it up. Using a credit card can also increase spending. Some studies have shown that you are more likely to spend more when using a credit card versus paying with cash.The holidays can be a very stressful time for some people, planning for the expenses can help relieve some of that stress when the new year rolls around.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.eduK-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

KOERNER: Tips on holiday spending

Karissa Winkel Cottonwood Extension District

The new year is right around the corner, and now is the time to create health goals for 2024. Making healthy choices is something we get to do every day, but it does not have to be overwhelming. In fact, simply walking every day can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve the quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! If walking to improve health is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.

Walk with Ease is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.

Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. These classes include an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $12 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.

Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?

Join us for our next Walk with Ease class that kicks off on January 8th! This indoor class will take place from 10:00-11:00 a.m. on MWF at the Hoisington Recreation Center in Hoisington, KS. Participants who attend and complete 14 of 18 classes in this Walk with Ease Series will be eligible to receive fitness equipment.

For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu, 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Karissa Winkel Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe new year is right around the corner, and now is the time to create health goals for 2024. Making healthy choices is something we get to do every day, but it does not have to be overwhelming. In fact, simply walking every day can improve heart health, strengthen the lungs, improve the quality of sleep, and fight osteoporosis! If walking to improve health is something you are interested in, a Walk with Ease class may be for you.Walk with Ease is here to help people with arthritis or other related conditions reduce pain, increase balance, strength, walking pace, and improve overall health. Walk with Ease is not only an evidence-based program, but it’s also fun! Participants have the opportunity to walk, stretch, and socialize during each session. WWE is a class created by the National Arthritis Foundation, and it is offered through Kansas State Research &amp; Extension.Walk with Ease provides pain management and physical activity education to individuals and families. These classes include an educational book that covers various topics about walking and arthritis management, and the $12 registration fee covers the price of the book. Walk with Ease classes aim to help each participant implement realistic goals, maintain a long-term physical activity routine, and help Kansans find resources to stay active.Are you ready to make the healthy choice the easy choice? Do you want to learn how to improve mobility and decrease pain? Are you eager to learn how to develop a personal walking plan?Join us for our next Walk with Ease class that kicks off on January 8th! This indoor class will take place from 10:00-11:00 a.m. on MWF at the Hoisington Recreation Center in Hoisington, KS. Participants who attend and complete 14 of 18 classes in this Walk with Ease Series will be eligible to receive fitness equipment.For more information, please contact Karissa Winkel, Family and Community Wellness Agent to register, at krwinkel@ksu.edu, 620-793-1910.

WINKEL: Walk with Ease is coming to Hoisington

Stacy Campbell Cottonwood Extension District

In recent years, sulfur (S) deficiency in wheat has become more common in many areas of Kansas, particularly in no-till wheat. The likely reasons for this are a reduction in sulfur additions to the crop from atmospheric deposition (there is less S in the air now) and cooler soil temperatures as a result of no-till, which slows S mineralization in the soil. Some crops in the rotation, such as soybean, can also take up significant amounts of S, resulting in an S deficit for the following wheat crop. Most of the crop's S needs will occur after spring green-up when the crop goes through stem elongation.

Historically, S deficiency was most common in high-yielding crops grown on irrigated, sandy soils that are low in organic matter and subject to leaching. However, due to the reasons discussed above, an increasing number of finer-textured soils have shown S deficiency in recent years.

Generally, S-deficient wheat is yellow and stunted and is observed in patches in the field, especially in areas with previous soil erosion or movement. The patchy S-deficient areas of the field are often found on hilltops or side slopes where erosion has occurred, and soil organic matter is reduced or where leaching is more pronounced. Wheat in areas where topsoil was removed or significant cuts were made (i.e. terraced or leveled fields) also commonly shows symptoms.

Sulfur deficiency in growing crops is often mistaken for nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, unlike N deficiency, where older leaves show firing and yellowing, with S deficiency, the pale-yellow symptoms often appear first on the younger or uppermost leaves. Wheat plants with S deficiency eventually become uniformly chlorotic (yellow leaf tissue).

Sulfur deficiencies in wheat have been showing up early in the spring, shortly after green-up, before organic S is mineralized from soil organic matter and before wheat roots can grow into the subsoil to utilize any available S (sulfate) accumulations. Deficiencies of S are often difficult to identify because the chlorosis is not always obvious. Crops lacking S also may be stunted, thin-stemmed, and spindly. In the case of wheat and other cereal grains, maturity is delayed.

If any of your fields have had a known history of S deficiency and you have not applied any S yet. Rather than waiting for symptoms to appear in the spring, farmers may want to consider a winter top-dress application of S as a preventive measure.

There is a soil test for available sulfate-S in the soil profile. Soil texture, soil organic matter, the crop to be grown, and the expected yield level should all be considered when interpreting this soil test. Accurate estimates of S needs cannot be made from a surface sample alone. Since

sulfate is mobile, sampling to a 24-inch depth is important. However, due to the relatively high demand for S during the rapid vegetative growth phase of wheat and relatively shallow rooting by the wheat crop at this time, the S measured in the deeper subsoil levels by the test may not be available to wheat in the early spring, especially where soils are cold. Now is a good time to collect soil samples and assess S levels as we plan for topdressing.

Leaf tissue tests can be useful, particularly when determining the exact cause of yellow wheat. A representative sample can be made by collecting the newest mature leaves from 30+ plants throughout the area where deficiency symptoms are observed (“bad” areas). A similar sample from a “good” area (no deficiency symptoms) should also be collected. This will allow direct comparisons between “good” and “bad” areas.

There are several S-containing fertilizer materials both dry and liquid. Supplemental resources: Sulfur in Kansas (MF 2264), http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2264.pdf For estimations of required application rates of S - Soil Test Interpretation and Fertilizer Recommendations, (MF2586) http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/mf2586.pdf

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>Stacy Campbell Cottonwood Extension DistrictIn recent years, sulfur (S) deficiency in wheat has become more common in many areas of Kansas, particularly in no-till wheat. The likely reasons for this are a reduction in sulfur additions to the crop from atmospheric deposition (there is less S in the air now) and cooler soil temperatures as a result of no-till, which slows S mineralization in the soil. Some crops in the rotation, such as soybean, can also take up significant amounts of S, resulting in an S deficit for the following wheat crop. Most of the crop's S needs will occur after spring green-up when the crop goes through stem elongation.Historically, S deficiency was most common in high-yielding crops grown on irrigated, sandy soils that are low in organic matter and subject to leaching. However, due to the reasons discussed above, an increasing number of finer-textured soils have shown S deficiency in recent years.Generally, S-deficient wheat is yellow and stunted and is observed in patches in the field, especially in areas with previous soil erosion or movement. The patchy S-deficient areas of the field are often found on hilltops or side slopes where erosion has occurred, and soil organic matter is reduced or where leaching is more pronounced. Wheat in areas where topsoil was removed or significant cuts were made (i.e. terraced or leveled fields) also commonly shows symptoms.Sulfur deficiency in growing crops is often mistaken for nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, unlike N deficiency, where older leaves show firing and yellowing, with S deficiency, the pale-yellow symptoms often appear first on the younger or uppermost leaves. Wheat plants with S deficiency eventually become uniformly chlorotic (yellow leaf tissue).Sulfur deficiencies in wheat have been showing up early in the spring, shortly after green-up, before organic S is mineralized from soil organic matter and before wheat roots can grow into the subsoil to utilize any available S (sulfate) accumulations. Deficiencies of S are often difficult to identify because the chlorosis is not always obvious. Crops lacking S also may be stunted, thin-stemmed, and spindly. In the case of wheat and other cereal grains, maturity is delayed.If any of your fields have had a known history of S deficiency and you have not applied any S yet. Rather than waiting for symptoms to appear in the spring, farmers may want to consider a winter top-dress application of S as a preventive measure.There is a soil test for available sulfate-S in the soil profile. Soil texture, soil organic matter, the crop to be grown, and the expected yield level should all be considered when interpreting this soil test. Accurate estimates of S needs cannot be made from a surface sample alone. Sincesulfate is mobile, sampling to a 24-inch depth is important. However, due to the relatively high demand for S during the rapid vegetative growth phase of wheat and relatively shallow rooting by the wheat crop at this time, the S measured in the deeper subsoil levels by the test may not be available to wheat in the early spring, especially where soils are cold. Now is a good time to collect soil samples and assess S levels as we plan for topdressing.Leaf tissue tests can be useful, particularly when determining the exact cause of yellow wheat. A representative sample can be made by collecting the newest mature leaves from 30+ plants throughout the area where deficiency symptoms are observed (“bad” areas). A similar sample from a “good” area (no deficiency symptoms) should also be collected. This will allow direct comparisons between “good” and “bad” areas.There are several S-containing fertilizer materials both dry and liquid. Supplemental resources: Sulfur in Kansas (MF 2264), http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF2264.pdf For estimations of required application rates of S - Soil Test Interpretation and Fertilizer Recommendations, (MF2586) http://www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/mf2586.pdf

CAMPBELL: Considerations for wheat fields prone to sulfur deficiency

Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.

As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.

Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.

Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.

Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?

The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:

· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body. · Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress. · Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms). · Learn different tools and techniques.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/10/1697546908793.jpeg" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Many reactions occur within the body during an attempt to deal with stressors. A few short-term effects include increased adrenaline, cortisol production (the stress hormone), or muscle tightness. Chronic stress affects our physical, emotional, and social well-being, and symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, changes to eating habits, or burnout can occur.As you can see, there is a broad spectrum of stress depending on severity. Acute stress lasts no longer than one month and typically occurs right after a stressful event such as an interview or performance.Chronic stress can also develop after a stressful event, but this type is ongoing and persistent. It can be caused by losing a loved one or struggling with poverty to name a couple of examples.Living in a state of stress for an extended amount of time is not healthy in any aspect of well-being, but if we aren’t careful, life can become overwhelming and stress can be difficult to manage. Stress is proven to have severe effects on mental health and the development of chronic illnesses. In fact, it is estimated that 90 percent of illness and disease is stress-related according to medical research. When chronic stress is present, it can interfere with your physical functioning and bodily processes. This is linked to high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease.Are you ready to work on your stress management skills for your mental health and physical well-being?The Great Bend Activity Center is hosting an upcoming class on Managing the Strain of Stress, and you’ll have the chance to:· Learn the different types of stress and how it can affect the body. · Learn the physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of stress. · Be able to identify how stress personally affects you (your personal signs/symptoms). · Learn different tools and techniques. If you want to add to your stress management toolbox, join me at the Great Bend Activity Center on December 13 at noon.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;