What better time to talk about this subject! Many in the community are taking advantage of KSU Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds &amp;amp; City of Hays Roll Out the Rain Barrel distribution. This is a fabulous way to conserve a precious resource for the home landscape. A typical barrel will hold approximately 50-55 gallons. They have a cover (required for safety and&nbsp;to prevent mosquitos) with an opening covered by a removable screen for filling and a spigot at&nbsp;the bottom to use when water is needed. The spigot has a knob to adjust the flow and an end where a hose can be attached.

Sounds perfect! All that lovely water ready for use. Conserving water and saving money, a new&nbsp;source of water for the garden and landscape. Whoa! A few details about placement and ease of use might be helpful.

Placement. Under a gutter downspout, whether off a house or garage, even a shed will catch the&nbsp;rain. Where do you plan on using the water? Putting the barrel to the closest downspout&nbsp;facilitates ease of use. Keep in mind, when full, a rain barrel can weigh up to 400 lbs. If not&nbsp;placed on a sturdy base or concrete, they will slowly sink and possibly tip over. A barrel will&nbsp;have an overflow opening which should be placed away from the structure, ideally onto an&nbsp;unpaved surface, to prevent damage to the house or garage. With a heavy rain, the barrel(s) will&nbsp;fill quickly, make sure there is adequate drainage away from the structure. With a little work and&nbsp;some PVC pipe, the barrels can even be connected to one another.

Use: OK, the barrel is full. Now what? The water will not flow quickly and as the barrel empties&nbsp;the flow will slow. Trying to water anything that is above the height of the spigot will be difficult&nbsp;as the water fights against gravity. To make sure the barrel not only won’t sink into the ground with the water weight, but also for ease of use, it should be placed on a base of some sort. Again,&nbsp;keep the weight in mind. A base must not only be able to support the weight but is solid enough&nbsp;to not sink with the weight. Cinderblocks would be suitable. The higher the base, the easier it is&nbsp;to use.

Maintenance: At least once a year, completely empty and rinse out the barrel. This will prevent&nbsp;algal growth, debris or any stagnant water. Do not leave water in the barrel over winter and keep&nbsp;the valve open! If the valve is closed and water remains in the barrel during the winter months,&nbsp;the barrel will crack, the ice melt and water flow, causing possible damage to the foundation of the building.

Safety notes: If using the water on the vegetable garden, make sure to wash off any produce, not with the collected rain water as there may be possible contaminants contained in the water from&nbsp;the roof.

For further information about purchasing a barrel, please drop by the Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;District office, 601 Main St., Hays, KS 67601 or call 725-628-9430. They have the order forms&nbsp;and you may also make your payment there.

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at www.&nbsp;cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>What better time to talk about this subject! Many in the community are taking advantage of KSU Big Creek Middle Smoky Hill River Watersheds &amp;amp; City of Hays Roll Out the Rain Barrel distribution. This is a fabulous way to conserve a precious resource for the home landscape. A typical barrel will hold approximately 50-55 gallons. They have a cover (required for safety and&nbsp;to prevent mosquitos) with an opening covered by a removable screen for filling and a spigot at&nbsp;the bottom to use when water is needed. The spigot has a knob to adjust the flow and an end where a hose can be attached.Sounds perfect! All that lovely water ready for use. Conserving water and saving money, a new&nbsp;source of water for the garden and landscape. Whoa! A few details about placement and ease of use might be helpful.Placement. Under a gutter downspout, whether off a house or garage, even a shed will catch the&nbsp;rain. Where do you plan on using the water? Putting the barrel to the closest downspout&nbsp;facilitates ease of use. Keep in mind, when full, a rain barrel can weigh up to 400 lbs. If not&nbsp;placed on a sturdy base or concrete, they will slowly sink and possibly tip over. A barrel will&nbsp;have an overflow opening which should be placed away from the structure, ideally onto an&nbsp;unpaved surface, to prevent damage to the house or garage. With a heavy rain, the barrel(s) will&nbsp;fill quickly, make sure there is adequate drainage away from the structure. With a little work and&nbsp;some PVC pipe, the barrels can even be connected to one another.Use: OK, the barrel is full. Now what? The water will not flow quickly and as the barrel empties&nbsp;the flow will slow. Trying to water anything that is above the height of the spigot will be difficult&nbsp;as the water fights against gravity. To make sure the barrel not only won’t sink into the ground with the water weight, but also for ease of use, it should be placed on a base of some sort. Again,&nbsp;keep the weight in mind. A base must not only be able to support the weight but is solid enough&nbsp;to not sink with the weight. Cinderblocks would be suitable. The higher the base, the easier it is&nbsp;to use.Maintenance: At least once a year, completely empty and rinse out the barrel. This will prevent&nbsp;algal growth, debris or any stagnant water. Do not leave water in the barrel over winter and keep&nbsp;the valve open! If the valve is closed and water remains in the barrel during the winter months,&nbsp;the barrel will crack, the ice melt and water flow, causing possible damage to the foundation of the building.Safety notes: If using the water on the vegetable garden, make sure to wash off any produce, not with the collected rain water as there may be possible contaminants contained in the water from&nbsp;the roof.For further information about purchasing a barrel, please drop by the Cottonwood Extension&nbsp;District office, 601 Main St., Hays, KS 67601 or call 725-628-9430. They have the order forms&nbsp;and you may also make your payment there.Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at www.&nbsp;cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Rain barrels

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

If you missed any of the one hour long “Crop Talk” webinars that K-State Research &amp; Extension agents hosted for growers in the Northwest and North Central regions of Kansas. They were all recorded with the presenters slides available as well.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html">https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html</a>&nbsp;

Topics that were covered each week starting February 2 – March 9th were:&nbsp;

Soil Fertility Questions from Growers for the 2021 Season

Weed Management and that Pesky Palmer Amaranth (pigweed)

Corn Insect Resistance: Rootworm and Western Bean Cutworm

Grain Sorghum Weed Control: Start Clean, Stay Clean

Sorghum Insects: Aphids, Headworms and Chinch Bugs.. Oh My!

As we entering spring and the growing season another resource available to growers, consultants, industry agronomists and field sales people is the K-State Agronomy eUpdate. It is an electronic newsletter that comes out every week on Thursday. It is packed with timely and brief information, relevant to crop production management and efficiency. You can subscribe to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter at <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php</a>&nbsp;

K-State Research &amp; Extension does not and cannot share our newsletter mailing list to anyone.&nbsp;

If you ever have any questions that we can help you with, please give your local County or District Extension Office a call.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice-mail for a return call.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1616090358892.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictIf you missed any of the one hour long “Crop Talk” webinars that K-State Research &amp; Extension agents hosted for growers in the Northwest and North Central regions of Kansas. They were all recorded with the presenters slides available as well.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html">https://www.northwest.k-state.edu/events/crop-talk-series/index.html</a>&nbsp;Topics that were covered each week starting February 2 – March 9th were:&nbsp;Soil Fertility Questions from Growers for the 2021 SeasonWeed Management and that Pesky Palmer Amaranth (pigweed)Corn Insect Resistance: Rootworm and Western Bean CutwormGrain Sorghum Weed Control: Start Clean, Stay CleanSorghum Insects: Aphids, Headworms and Chinch Bugs.. Oh My!Alfalfa Management and Weevil UpdateDryland Corn DynamicsAs we entering spring and the growing season another resource available to growers, consultants, industry agronomists and field sales people is the K-State Agronomy eUpdate. It is an electronic newsletter that comes out every week on Thursday. It is packed with timely and brief information, relevant to crop production management and efficiency. You can subscribe to the K-State Agronomy eUpdate newsletter at <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/index_new_prep.php</a>&nbsp;K-State Research &amp; Extension does not and cannot share our newsletter mailing list to anyone.&nbsp;If you ever have any questions that we can help you with, please give your local County or District Extension Office a call.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430, if after hours please leave a voice-mail for a return call.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Virtual Crop Talk webinars available online

People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. There are a few reasons that tend to make fall seedings more successful.

The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth, so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it, but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.

Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit, or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.

In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass.  Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension).  It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination.  

Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses, not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia, and Bermuda have. Therefore, they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.

Seeding cool-season grass in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.

Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>People often wonder why we recommend seeding cool-season grasses such as tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass in the fall. It would seem that the spring would be the more natural time for seeding because the entire growing season is available for the grass to become established before the turf has to deal with winter. There are a few reasons that tend to make fall seedings more successful.The soils are warmer in the fall. Warm soils mean less time required for germination and growth, so the grass becomes established more quickly. I have seen tall fescue seeded in the last week of August come up in four days. Now, you had to be on your hands and knees to see it, but it was up. Tall fescue seeded in the spring may take well over a week to come up and the time required to become established is much longer.Weeds are less of a problem in the fall. The major weed problems in the fall tend to be the broadleaves such as chickweed, henbit, or dandelion. Turf seeded in early September is usually thick enough by the time these broadleaves germinate that often there is not much weed invasion. Even if there is some invasion by broadleaves, the turf should be mature enough by early November that mild broadleaf herbicides can be applied.In the spring, our major weed problems are the annual grasses such as crabgrass. Since the spring-seeded turf is slow to mature, there are often thin areas that are easily invaded by these grassy weeds. If this invasion occurs, the weeds are better adapted to our hot, summer conditions than our cool-season grasses and so the weeds tend to take over. The number of chemicals that can be used on young turf is limited, and so these grasses become more of a problem. One of the preemergence herbicides that can be used on young grasses is dithiopyr (Dimension). It is found in Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Weed &amp; Grass Stopper and Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer and can be used on tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass two weeks after germination. Summer is the hardest time of the year for cool-season grasses, not the winter. Summertime is very difficult because our cool-season grasses do not have the heat or moisture stress tolerance that our warm-season grasses such as buffalo, zoysia, and Bermuda have. Therefore, they tend to become weakened in the summer which makes them more susceptible to disease and other stresses. Spring-seeded cool-season grasses are less mature and therefore less able to tolerate these stresses.Seeding cool-season grass in the spring can be successful but is more difficult to pull off than fall seedings. If you have a choice, always opt for seeding cool-season grasses in the fall.Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at lfick@k-state.edu or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Why seeding cool-season grasses in spring is difficult

Steve Urban of the Ellis County Master Gardeners Cottonwood District gives some helpful tips on how to plant potatoes.

<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JeV9Fu73pzI"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Steve Urban of the Ellis County Master Gardeners Cottonwood District gives some helpful tips on how to plant potatoes.

🎥 Green & Growing 2021: Planting potatoes

Those of you who know me are not surprised that I love this time of year. Warmer days mean longer and more frequent bike rides. Besides the physical activity that comes with the start of Spring, March is also designated as National Nutrition Month. A couple of weeks ago I put the finishing touches on the revision of a fact sheet and leaders guide I wrote ten years ago titled, “More Plants on the Plate.” The fact sheet includes updated information about the benefits of filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of a grain dish, preferably whole grain, and a small portion of a lean protein round out the foods to fill your nine-inch plate. Dairy or calcium rich foods should also be part of a healthy diet.

The benefits of making dietary changes are amazing. Nutrient dense vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are naturally low in calories and fat. They also are naturally high in fiber which can help keep your digestive system healthy. Consuming a diet featuring more plants is good for your health – today and tomorrow.&nbsp;

We have heard so much lately about how important a strong immune system is. Complex carbohydrates are easy to digest, and the antioxidants in plants actually help strengthen your body’s immune system. Many people with heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases have been able to alleviate their symptoms by eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and consuming fewer solid and added fats, added sugars and refined grains.

Let’s talk a bit about the food that is being consumed in America. Calorie balance, which is one key to a healthy weight, can be achieved when calories consumed from food and drinks equal the calories used for physical activity and metabolic processes. It may sound simplistic but calorie imbalance – or consuming more calories than the body uses – is one reason for the growing national and global epidemic of obesity.&nbsp;

Consider the quality of calories and nutrients in the food consumers are choosing. Research reported in the American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide found that regardless of body weight, many people of all age groups consume too much solid fat, cholesterol, sodium, added sugar and refined grains. Too much of these may increase the risks of certain chronic diseases. A small serving of these energy-dense foods contains a large number of calories. Choosing unhealthy foods instead of nutrient-dense choices, foods that contain many nutrients in relationship to the number of calories, makes it harder to meet nutrient recommendations and control calories. Many choices high in sodium, added fat, and added sugar come from highly processed food. Or they may be choices made from a fast food menu. Preparing more food at home, where you control the ingredients, provides the best chance for healthy alternatives.&nbsp;

Just as important as the plate you are eating from is the beverage you choose to drink. Sugary soft drinks or specialty coffee drinks fill you up with empty calories and provide little nutrition. A glass of water is the healthier choice. Other points to consider as you work toward eating a healthier diet include:

Many people simply live to eat. For improved health, now is the time to eat to live. It may not easy to change eating habits overnight.&nbsp; At first you may find it challenging to avoid processed foods. But gradually, as more vegetables, fruits, grains and legumes are added to your daily menu, you will discover or rediscover what nutrient dense foods taste like. Let’s look for ways to put “more plants on the plate.”

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> or (620)793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Those of you who know me are not surprised that I love this time of year. Warmer days mean longer and more frequent bike rides. Besides the physical activity that comes with the start of Spring, March is also designated as National Nutrition Month. A couple of weeks ago I put the finishing touches on the revision of a fact sheet and leaders guide I wrote ten years ago titled, “More Plants on the Plate.” The fact sheet includes updated information about the benefits of filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables. A generous portion of a grain dish, preferably whole grain, and a small portion of a lean protein round out the foods to fill your nine-inch plate. Dairy or calcium rich foods should also be part of a healthy diet.The benefits of making dietary changes are amazing. Nutrient dense vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are naturally low in calories and fat. They also are naturally high in fiber which can help keep your digestive system healthy. Consuming a diet featuring more plants is good for your health – today and tomorrow.&nbsp;We have heard so much lately about how important a strong immune system is. Complex carbohydrates are easy to digest, and the antioxidants in plants actually help strengthen your body’s immune system. Many people with heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and various autoimmune diseases have been able to alleviate their symptoms by eating more whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and consuming fewer solid and added fats, added sugars and refined grains.Let’s talk a bit about the food that is being consumed in America. Calorie balance, which is one key to a healthy weight, can be achieved when calories consumed from food and drinks equal the calories used for physical activity and metabolic processes. It may sound simplistic but calorie imbalance – or consuming more calories than the body uses – is one reason for the growing national and global epidemic of obesity.&nbsp;Consider the quality of calories and nutrients in the food consumers are choosing. Research reported in the American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide found that regardless of body weight, many people of all age groups consume too much solid fat, cholesterol, sodium, added sugar and refined grains. Too much of these may increase the risks of certain chronic diseases. A small serving of these energy-dense foods contains a large number of calories. Choosing unhealthy foods instead of nutrient-dense choices, foods that contain many nutrients in relationship to the number of calories, makes it harder to meet nutrient recommendations and control calories. Many choices high in sodium, added fat, and added sugar come from highly processed food. Or they may be choices made from a fast food menu. Preparing more food at home, where you control the ingredients, provides the best chance for healthy alternatives.&nbsp;Just as important as the plate you are eating from is the beverage you choose to drink. Sugary soft drinks or specialty coffee drinks fill you up with empty calories and provide little nutrition. A glass of water is the healthier choice. Other points to consider as you work toward eating a healthier diet include:<ol>
 <li>Start your day with breakfast.</li><li>Include a fruit or vegetable at every meal or snack.</li><li>Reduce portion sizes.</li><li>Eat slowly and eat only until you are no longer hungry.&nbsp;</li><li>Choose to eat more nutrient dense foods. (Choose an apple instead of that piece of apple pie)</li><li>Eat whole foods instead of highly processed foods.&nbsp;</li>
 </ol>Many people simply live to eat. For improved health, now is the time to eat to live. It may not easy to change eating habits overnight.&nbsp; At first you may find it challenging to avoid processed foods. But gradually, as more vegetables, fruits, grains and legumes are added to your daily menu, you will discover or rediscover what nutrient dense foods taste like. Let’s look for ways to put “more plants on the plate.”Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> or (620)793-1910.&nbsp;

KRUG: Consider putting more plants on your plate

The unique climate characteristics of the Southern Great Plains allow producers to use wheat as a forage and grain crop. Date of grazing termination is an important factor in determining wheat’s recovery potential and ability to produce grain. First hollow stem (FHS) is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pastures to protect yield potential.&nbsp;

Before the wheat leaf sheaths become erect after spring green-up, the developing growing point, which is below the soil surface, will soon begin to form a tiny head. Although the head is quite small at this point, it has already established some important yield components. At this stage, the maximum potential number of spikelets is determined. Sufficient nitrogen (N) should already be available to maximize the potential number of seeds per head.&nbsp;

Once the embryo head has developed, the first internode will begin to elongate, pushing the head up through the leaf sheaths. This first internode will be hollow. This will be visible before you can actually feel the first node.&nbsp;

FHS is the point at which a 1.5 cm length of hollow stem can first be identified below the developing head. This length is roughly equivalent to the diameter of a dime. FHS occurs when the developing head is still below the soil surface. This means that producers have to dig plants out of the ground to measure it.&nbsp;

To look for FHS, start by digging up some plants from fields or areas that have not been grazed, such as field corners or just outside the fence. Date of FHS is variety- and field-specific, so it is important to sample each field. Select the largest tillers to examine, and slice the stem open from the crown area up. Look for the developing head, which will be very small. Next, see if you can find any hollow stem between the developing head and the crown area. If there is any separation, the hollow stem is elongating. If that separation is 1.5 cm, the wheat plant is at FHS. FHS occurs between a few days to a week or more prior to jointing, depending on temperatures.&nbsp;

If the wheat has reached FHS, cattle should be removed to prevent yield loss. Yield losses from grazing after FHS can range from 1 to 5% per day, depending on grazing intensity and the weather following cattle removal. If cattle removal is followed by cool, moist weather, yield losses will often average about 1% per day grazed after FHS; if weather is hot, dry, and harsh, yield losses of 5% per day or more can be expected. It is easy for producers to be late by a few days in removing livestock as they wait for obvious nodes and hollow stems to appear, and even the first few days can be significant.&nbsp;

Two things can occur when wheat is grazed too long: 1) fewer heads per acre because the primary tiller has been removed, and 2) smaller and lighter heads than expected because leaf area has been removed. As cattle continue grazing, the wheat plant is stressed and begins to lose some of the tillers that would produce grain. A little later, if there are not enough photosynthates, the plant begins aborting the lower spikelets in the head or some of the florets on each head. Finally, if there is not enough photosynthate during grain filling, the seed size will be reduced and if the stress is severe enough, some seed will abort.&nbsp;

For more information on managing wheat in dual-purpose systems, check the K-State Research and Extension publication MF3375, “Dual-purpose wheat: Management for forage and grain production”&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The unique climate characteristics of the Southern Great Plains allow producers to use wheat as a forage and grain crop. Date of grazing termination is an important factor in determining wheat’s recovery potential and ability to produce grain. First hollow stem (FHS) is the optimal time to remove cattle from wheat pastures to protect yield potential.&nbsp;Before the wheat leaf sheaths become erect after spring green-up, the developing growing point, which is below the soil surface, will soon begin to form a tiny head. Although the head is quite small at this point, it has already established some important yield components. At this stage, the maximum potential number of spikelets is determined. Sufficient nitrogen (N) should already be available to maximize the potential number of seeds per head.&nbsp;Once the embryo head has developed, the first internode will begin to elongate, pushing the head up through the leaf sheaths. This first internode will be hollow. This will be visible before you can actually feel the first node.&nbsp;FHS is the point at which a 1.5 cm length of hollow stem can first be identified below the developing head. This length is roughly equivalent to the diameter of a dime. FHS occurs when the developing head is still below the soil surface. This means that producers have to dig plants out of the ground to measure it.&nbsp;To look for FHS, start by digging up some plants from fields or areas that have not been grazed, such as field corners or just outside the fence. Date of FHS is variety- and field-specific, so it is important to sample each field. Select the largest tillers to examine, and slice the stem open from the crown area up. Look for the developing head, which will be very small. Next, see if you can find any hollow stem between the developing head and the crown area. If there is any separation, the hollow stem is elongating. If that separation is 1.5 cm, the wheat plant is at FHS. FHS occurs between a few days to a week or more prior to jointing, depending on temperatures.&nbsp;If the wheat has reached FHS, cattle should be removed to prevent yield loss. Yield losses from grazing after FHS can range from 1 to 5% per day, depending on grazing intensity and the weather following cattle removal. If cattle removal is followed by cool, moist weather, yield losses will often average about 1% per day grazed after FHS; if weather is hot, dry, and harsh, yield losses of 5% per day or more can be expected. It is easy for producers to be late by a few days in removing livestock as they wait for obvious nodes and hollow stems to appear, and even the first few days can be significant.&nbsp;Two things can occur when wheat is grazed too long: 1) fewer heads per acre because the primary tiller has been removed, and 2) smaller and lighter heads than expected because leaf area has been removed. As cattle continue grazing, the wheat plant is stressed and begins to lose some of the tillers that would produce grain. A little later, if there are not enough photosynthates, the plant begins aborting the lower spikelets in the head or some of the florets on each head. Finally, if there is not enough photosynthate during grain filling, the seed size will be reduced and if the stress is severe enough, some seed will abort.&nbsp;For more information on managing wheat in dual-purpose systems, check the K-State Research and Extension publication MF3375, “Dual-purpose wheat: Management for forage and grain production”&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

BOOR: Wheat as forage and grain

Wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild onion (Allium canadense) are two closely related plants that can become weed problems in home lawns and landscapes. Though wild garlic and wild onion look much alike, each has an odor that is characterized by its name – wild garlic smells like garlic and wild onion smells like onion. These plants are perennials that can also reproduce by seeds and aerial bulbils. Bulbils form at the top of the stem and are oval and smooth. 

Wild garlic also reproduces by underground bulb offsets, but wild onion does not. Both species produce a clump of plants that is unsightly in a lawn. Control recommendations are the same though we now have a couple of new additions to our arsenal.​Traditionally we have used 2,4-D or 2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba (i.e., Trimec, Weed-Out, Weed-B-Gon). These products should be sprayed during March on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Newer products are Weed Free Zone and Speed Zone. Both are combination products that contain a formulation of Trimec plus carfentrazone. These will give a quicker response at cooler temperatures than 50 degrees. A spreader-sticker added to the spray should help any of these products be more effective. At times, the spreader-sticker is already mixed into the weed killer; no additional amount is needed. These herbicides are also effective on dandelions. Unfortunately, we have not had a good chemical control for Star-of-Bethlehem. The best products we had were Coolpower (31.3% control) and Turflon Ester (23.8% control). Coolpower is a commercial only product, but Turflon Ester is available to both commercial and homeowner users. But research out of Virginia Tech has improved our outlook. Scientists there did a study in which they gained 96% control of Star-of-Bethlehem one month after treatment by using Quicksilver, a formulation of carfentrazone at the rate of 4 fl. oz/A. Quicksilver is a commercial only product, and therefore is not readily available to homeowners. However, both Speed Zone and Weed Free Zone contain carfentrazone and would certainly be worth a try if you have this troublesome plant. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild onion (Allium canadense) are two closely related plants that can become weed problems in home lawns and landscapes. Though wild garlic and wild onion look much alike, each has an odor that is characterized by its name – wild garlic smells like garlic and wild onion smells like onion. These plants are perennials that can also reproduce by seeds and aerial bulbils. Bulbils form at the top of the stem and are oval and smooth. Wild garlic also reproduces by underground bulb offsets, but wild onion does not. Both species produce a clump of plants that is unsightly in a lawn. Control recommendations are the same though we now have a couple of new additions to our arsenal.​Traditionally we have used 2,4-D or 2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba (i.e., Trimec, Weed-Out, Weed-B-Gon). These products should be sprayed during March on a day that is at least 50 degrees. Newer products are Weed Free Zone and Speed Zone. Both are combination products that contain a formulation of Trimec plus carfentrazone. These will give a quicker response at cooler temperatures than 50 degrees. A spreader-sticker added to the spray should help any of these products be more effective. At times, the spreader-sticker is already mixed into the weed killer; no additional amount is needed. These herbicides are also effective on dandelions. Unfortunately, we have not had a good chemical control for Star-of-Bethlehem. The best products we had were Coolpower (31.3% control) and Turflon Ester (23.8% control). Coolpower is a commercial only product, but Turflon Ester is available to both commercial and homeowner users. But research out of Virginia Tech has improved our outlook. Scientists there did a study in which they gained 96% control of Star-of-Bethlehem one month after treatment by using Quicksilver, a formulation of carfentrazone at the rate of 4 fl. oz/A. Quicksilver is a commercial only product, and therefore is not readily available to homeowners. However, both Speed Zone and Weed Free Zone contain carfentrazone and would certainly be worth a try if you have this troublesome plant. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by email at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Wild onion, wild garlic, and Star-of-Bethlehem

The 4-H cloverleaf symbol is a well-recognized emblem but have you ever stopped to think about what is behind the emblem?&nbsp;

The purpose of 4-H extends well beyond the county or state fair and each H of the emblem represents an integral part. Providing educational strategies and opportunities for youth, in partnership with adults, to develop life skills is truly the goal of 4-H.&nbsp;

I pledge my HEAD to clearer thinking – The first line of the 4-H pledge speaks to the importance of developing critical thinking and problem solving. This is a skill that can be modeled by adults and mentors but must be practiced by the youth to improve.

I pledge my HEART to greater loyalty -&nbsp; This section of the pledge is all about self-discipline, integrity and communication. Making time to work on projects, care for livestock and complete record books are activities that reinforce self-discipline. Handling successful and not-so-successful events and being responsible for your own projects builds integrity. Communications skills are relevant in every field, every job and every relationship. Practicing communication skills with fellow 4-H members, club leaders, judges and the community are necessary as this doesn’t come naturally or easily for everyone.

I pledge my HANDS to larger service -&nbsp; The third line of the 4-H pledge speaks to service and servant leadership. Raising people who are comfortable and willing to accept leadership roles in organizations is crucial for the continued growth and success of our communities. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with their “leadership” on display and leaders can have a huge impact -&nbsp; positive or negative! Watch a young person, who may not be comfortable presenting in front of a large group, quietly show another how to wash a calf, show a pig or finish a hem “just right”. That is servant leadership!

I pledge my HEALTH to better living – In a world increasingly critical of agricultural practices, it is important to know where our food comes from and make good choices in regard to healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle. Being the best version of ourselves contributes to the success of all around us.

The activities of 4-H teach life skills such as the ability to clearly and concisely present material to an audience, understand meeting structure for efficient and productive meetings, and updating records from record books to checkbooks and budgets.&nbsp;

We are all competitive and want to do well but often the learning process and life skills are more important than a judge’s opinion on a given day. Life skills- That’s what it’s all about!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth and Development related questions email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>The 4-H cloverleaf symbol is a well-recognized emblem but have you ever stopped to think about what is behind the emblem?&nbsp;The purpose of 4-H extends well beyond the county or state fair and each H of the emblem represents an integral part. Providing educational strategies and opportunities for youth, in partnership with adults, to develop life skills is truly the goal of 4-H.&nbsp;I pledge my HEAD to clearer thinking – The first line of the 4-H pledge speaks to the importance of developing critical thinking and problem solving. This is a skill that can be modeled by adults and mentors but must be practiced by the youth to improve.I pledge my HEART to greater loyalty -&nbsp; This section of the pledge is all about self-discipline, integrity and communication. Making time to work on projects, care for livestock and complete record books are activities that reinforce self-discipline. Handling successful and not-so-successful events and being responsible for your own projects builds integrity. Communications skills are relevant in every field, every job and every relationship. Practicing communication skills with fellow 4-H members, club leaders, judges and the community are necessary as this doesn’t come naturally or easily for everyone.I pledge my HANDS to larger service -&nbsp; The third line of the 4-H pledge speaks to service and servant leadership. Raising people who are comfortable and willing to accept leadership roles in organizations is crucial for the continued growth and success of our communities. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with their “leadership” on display and leaders can have a huge impact -&nbsp; positive or negative! Watch a young person, who may not be comfortable presenting in front of a large group, quietly show another how to wash a calf, show a pig or finish a hem “just right”. That is servant leadership!I pledge my HEALTH to better living – In a world increasingly critical of agricultural practices, it is important to know where our food comes from and make good choices in regard to healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle. Being the best version of ourselves contributes to the success of all around us.The activities of 4-H teach life skills such as the ability to clearly and concisely present material to an audience, understand meeting structure for efficient and productive meetings, and updating records from record books to checkbooks and budgets.&nbsp;We are all competitive and want to do well but often the learning process and life skills are more important than a judge’s opinion on a given day. Life skills- That’s what it’s all about!Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth and Development related questions email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 4-H — what’s it all about anyway?

Spring is just around the corner and the Walk Kansas registration is open.&nbsp; Living a healthier lifestyle doesn’t mean changing everything at once. It’s about understanding lifestyle choices you make each day and improving these habits one step at a time.&nbsp;

In Walk Kansas, participants are encouraged to form teams of six, with one serving as captain. Team members record their own activity – walking, bicycling or other activity – online weekly. For the first time this year, a pilot program allows participants to sign up individually rather than as part of team if they choose. The program this year starts on March 28th and finishes up on May 22nd.&nbsp;

Though teams and individuals don’t actually walk across the state, the goal is to walk in their own neighborhoods or communities an equivalent distance to walking across Kansas. Plus, they’ll learn virtually about the state along the way. Each team (or individual) chooses one of three challenges at the outset, each with different goals.

Challenge 1, for example, sets a minimum guideline of 30 minutes of exercise five days a week and takes a team on a virtual tour of the 8 Wonders of Kansas. Challenges 2 and 3 increase the goals set.&nbsp; Those who sign up for the individual pilot program will walk (virtually) the Purple Power Trail, which begins on the Kansas State University campus. The individual sets a personal goal to determine how far along they will go during the eight weeks.

How can you join Walk Kansas in 2021?&nbsp;

Anyone, young or old, can participate in Walk Kansas! Technology allows participants to stay connected even if they don’t live close by. Teams can include co-workers, family members, neighbors, school classmates, members of civic or community organizations, or faith-based group. The team concept is important so team members must agree to support and encourage one another. &nbsp;

If you have questions, please give Theresa or Berny a call at the Extension Office at 785-628-9430.

Berny Unruh is the Family &amp; Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (785)628-9430 or <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Spring is just around the corner and the Walk Kansas registration is open.&nbsp; Living a healthier lifestyle doesn’t mean changing everything at once. It’s about understanding lifestyle choices you make each day and improving these habits one step at a time.&nbsp;In Walk Kansas, participants are encouraged to form teams of six, with one serving as captain. Team members record their own activity – walking, bicycling or other activity – online weekly. For the first time this year, a pilot program allows participants to sign up individually rather than as part of team if they choose. The program this year starts on March 28th and finishes up on May 22nd.&nbsp;Though teams and individuals don’t actually walk across the state, the goal is to walk in their own neighborhoods or communities an equivalent distance to walking across Kansas. Plus, they’ll learn virtually about the state along the way. Each team (or individual) chooses one of three challenges at the outset, each with different goals.Challenge 1, for example, sets a minimum guideline of 30 minutes of exercise five days a week and takes a team on a virtual tour of the 8 Wonders of Kansas. Challenges 2 and 3 increase the goals set.&nbsp; Those who sign up for the individual pilot program will walk (virtually) the Purple Power Trail, which begins on the Kansas State University campus. The individual sets a personal goal to determine how far along they will go during the eight weeks.How can you join Walk Kansas in 2021?&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>Recruit or join a team (6 people, with one person designated as the captain).</li><li>Registration is online at <a href="http://www.walkkansas.org">www.walkkansas.org</a> Cost to participate is $10 per person and this will be paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office – Hays, 601 Main Street. State employees who participate can earn Health Quest credits and their fee is waived. A Walk Kansas t-shirt and other apparel is available for an additional cost and this year your shirt will be mailed directly to you.&nbsp;</li><li>The program includes access to the online tracker, a weekly newsletter, program resources, and some local activities.&nbsp;</li><li>To participate, each person logs minutes of activity and reports daily/weekly. Cups of fruits/vegetables and water consumption can also be tracked.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Anyone, young or old, can participate in Walk Kansas! Technology allows participants to stay connected even if they don’t live close by. Teams can include co-workers, family members, neighbors, school classmates, members of civic or community organizations, or faith-based group. The team concept is important so team members must agree to support and encourage one another. &nbsp;If you have questions, please give Theresa or Berny a call at the Extension Office at 785-628-9430.Berny Unruh is the Family &amp; Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (785)628-9430 or <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

UNRUH: Walk Kansas 2021

You might not have a pot of gold, but you can enjoy a pot of delicious potatoes this summer if you plant your potatoes in March.&nbsp; This week is St. Patrick’s Day and a traditional time when many gardeners plant their potatoes.&nbsp; Any time from mid-March to late-March is a great time for planting.

To plant potatoes you won’t want to use those you buy from the grocery store for cooking.&nbsp; Instead you’ll want to purchase seed potatoes from a greenhouse or garden center. &nbsp; Seed potatoes are certified disease free and have plenty of starch to help them sprout quickly.&nbsp; &nbsp; Three or four days before planting you will want to cut your potatoes.&nbsp; The reason for this process is to toughen up and form a protective coating so the seed potato doesn’t rot when placed in the ground.&nbsp; Most seed potatoes can be cut into four pieces, and the goal is to have one or more eye sprouts in each piece.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Next dig holes about 1 to 2 inches deep and place each potato piece flat side or cut side face down.&nbsp; Leave between 8 to 12 inches apart in rows. &nbsp; Then space rows about 3 feet apart.&nbsp; It will often be mid-to-late April before you see the plants poking their way through the soil.&nbsp; To encourage large yields and to prevent sunburning, pull the soil up to the base of the plants. &nbsp; Potatoes need regular watering especially when they are 6-12 inches tall.&nbsp; Harvest potatoes when vines are half dead. Typically within ten to fifteen weeks you enjoy some great tasting potatoes. &nbsp; To enjoy a fall harvest, plant another batch of seed potatoes in early to mid-July.

Now’s also a great time to plant lettuce, radishes, peas, spinach, broccoli, and cabbage from seed.&nbsp; Onion sets should also be planted now.&nbsp; Onion sets are typically planted 1 to 1 and half inches deep about 2 to 4 inches apart with rows 15 inches apart.&nbsp; All these vegetables like cooler temperatures and should be planted now for optimum enjoyment.

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District.&nbsp; More information available at www. cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>You might not have a pot of gold, but you can enjoy a pot of delicious potatoes this summer if you plant your potatoes in March.&nbsp; This week is St. Patrick’s Day and a traditional time when many gardeners plant their potatoes.&nbsp; Any time from mid-March to late-March is a great time for planting.To plant potatoes you won’t want to use those you buy from the grocery store for cooking.&nbsp; Instead you’ll want to purchase seed potatoes from a greenhouse or garden center. &nbsp; Seed potatoes are certified disease free and have plenty of starch to help them sprout quickly.&nbsp; &nbsp; Three or four days before planting you will want to cut your potatoes.&nbsp; The reason for this process is to toughen up and form a protective coating so the seed potato doesn’t rot when placed in the ground.&nbsp; Most seed potatoes can be cut into four pieces, and the goal is to have one or more eye sprouts in each piece.&nbsp;&nbsp;Next dig holes about 1 to 2 inches deep and place each potato piece flat side or cut side face down.&nbsp; Leave between 8 to 12 inches apart in rows. &nbsp; Then space rows about 3 feet apart.&nbsp; It will often be mid-to-late April before you see the plants poking their way through the soil.&nbsp; To encourage large yields and to prevent sunburning, pull the soil up to the base of the plants. &nbsp; Potatoes need regular watering especially when they are 6-12 inches tall.&nbsp; Harvest potatoes when vines are half dead. Typically within ten to fifteen weeks you enjoy some great tasting potatoes. &nbsp; To enjoy a fall harvest, plant another batch of seed potatoes in early to mid-July.Now’s also a great time to plant lettuce, radishes, peas, spinach, broccoli, and cabbage from seed.&nbsp; Onion sets should also be planted now.&nbsp; Onion sets are typically planted 1 to 1 and half inches deep about 2 to 4 inches apart with rows 15 inches apart.&nbsp; All these vegetables like cooler temperatures and should be planted now for optimum enjoyment.Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District.&nbsp; More information available at www. cottonwood.ksu.edu or visit Facebook at Ellis County Extension Master Gardeners.

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Pot of potatoes

One of the most misunderstood aspects of any gardening project is fertilization.&nbsp; The subject brings up many questions, why, how, when, what.

If you read last week’s column about soil testing, you know that a key to knowing what product to use in fertilizing lawns and gardens has to do with nutrients the landscape may be lacking.&nbsp; There are 17 elements essential to plant growth.&nbsp; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are primary macronutrients. These 3 are required by plants in quantity for maximum growth potential. Secondary macronutrients are calcium, magnesium and sulfur.&nbsp; These 3 are usually present in sufficient quantities in the landscape.&nbsp; The micronutrients are just as important but in smaller quantities.&nbsp; So, the why of fertilizer use is to supply missing nutrients.

The fertilizer analysis given on a package refers to the amount of the element present. It makes no difference whether you use an organic or chemical fertilizer as long as it contains essential nutrients. Products may also contain a pesticide or herbicide (kills bugs or weeds). The major reason to buy one of these products is convenience.&nbsp; However, this may not be the best course of action due to timing.&nbsp; When to apply the product is as important as what you use. Application of a combined product may not coincide with the appearance of a disease or pest.&nbsp; While it is extremely important to pay attention to the ingredients in any product used, it’s especially important to look at the label on these products as some may contaminate food crops if used on the vegetable garden. Reading the label will give a person the information required to know how to apply the product.

This subject can be very confusing but it’s worth taking the time to do some planning and research to avoid not just wasting money by buying a product that may not do the job for the landscape but may also contribute to pollution of the surrounding environment.

Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at&nbsp; 
www.cottonwood.ksu.edu or call 785-628-9430

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1614966296214.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>One of the most misunderstood aspects of any gardening project is fertilization.&nbsp; The subject brings up many questions, why, how, when, what.If you read last week’s column about soil testing, you know that a key to knowing what product to use in fertilizing lawns and gardens has to do with nutrients the landscape may be lacking.&nbsp; There are 17 elements essential to plant growth.&nbsp; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are primary macronutrients. These 3 are required by plants in quantity for maximum growth potential. Secondary macronutrients are calcium, magnesium and sulfur.&nbsp; These 3 are usually present in sufficient quantities in the landscape.&nbsp; The micronutrients are just as important but in smaller quantities.&nbsp; So, the why of fertilizer use is to supply missing nutrients.The fertilizer analysis given on a package refers to the amount of the element present. It makes no difference whether you use an organic or chemical fertilizer as long as it contains essential nutrients. Products may also contain a pesticide or herbicide (kills bugs or weeds). The major reason to buy one of these products is convenience.&nbsp; However, this may not be the best course of action due to timing.&nbsp; When to apply the product is as important as what you use. Application of a combined product may not coincide with the appearance of a disease or pest.&nbsp; While it is extremely important to pay attention to the ingredients in any product used, it’s especially important to look at the label on these products as some may contaminate food crops if used on the vegetable garden. Reading the label will give a person the information required to know how to apply the product.This subject can be very confusing but it’s worth taking the time to do some planning and research to avoid not just wasting money by buying a product that may not do the job for the landscape but may also contribute to pollution of the surrounding environment.Master Gardeners of Ellis County, Cottonwood District. More information available at&nbsp; 
www.cottonwood.ksu.edu or call 785-628-9430

From the Ellis County Master Gardeners: Fertilization

Now is the time to finalize plans for kochia (aka fireweed) control. Recent research suggests that kochia can begin emerging in early February with most kochia emerging by early April. Kochia seedlings emerge in dense populations and have dense hairs that make adequate post herbicide coverage and adsorption difficult, with disappointing results. In addition, glyphosate-resistant kochia is prevalent across western Kansas, making kochia control even more challenging. For these reasons, it is important to apply pre-emergence herbicides in late winter or early spring to control this weed before it emerges.&nbsp;

Herbicide program components to effectively manage kochia at germination

To successfully manage kochia, an herbicide program needs two components:

Precipitation events during late winter are often too small to activate longer residual herbicides, but dicamba may control kochia for 4 to 6 weeks until the longer residual herbicide is incorporated.

The best timing to apply herbicides for kochia control is generally January through the first week of March but prior to kochia emergence, which can vary depending on weather conditions. Later applications, for example, at the time of burndown, are more likely to occur after kochia emergence, which increases the risk of control failure.&nbsp;

If it is difficult for a grower to apply pre-emerge herbicides in early Spring. A Fall-applied treatment can also be effective to help ensure timely application, and good control, however, they are not likely to effectively control later flushes of kochia.

The duration of a fall applied herbicide in early December and combined with a spring pre-emerge application in late February has achieved greater than 80% control of kochia in Kansas. These treatments were conducted in Tribune and Garden City by K-State Weed Science specialist. They used three different treatments and each one was equally effective. They were ATZ + Clarity + Sharpen; ATZ + Clarity + Zidua; and Atrazine + Clarity.&nbsp;

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/3/1615301123518.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictNow is the time to finalize plans for kochia (aka fireweed) control. Recent research suggests that kochia can begin emerging in early February with most kochia emerging by early April. Kochia seedlings emerge in dense populations and have dense hairs that make adequate post herbicide coverage and adsorption difficult, with disappointing results. In addition, glyphosate-resistant kochia is prevalent across western Kansas, making kochia control even more challenging. For these reasons, it is important to apply pre-emergence herbicides in late winter or early spring to control this weed before it emerges.&nbsp;Herbicide program components to effectively manage kochia at germinationTo successfully manage kochia, an herbicide program needs two components:<ol>
 <li>a very soluble and effective herbicide that can be incorporated with very little precipitation, such as dicamba; and</li><li>an herbicide that has longer residual activity, which will require perhaps 0.75 inches or more precipitation for adequate incorporation, such as atrazine.</li>
 </ol>Precipitation events during late winter are often too small to activate longer residual herbicides, but dicamba may control kochia for 4 to 6 weeks until the longer residual herbicide is incorporated.The best timing to apply herbicides for kochia control is generally January through the first week of March but prior to kochia emergence, which can vary depending on weather conditions. Later applications, for example, at the time of burndown, are more likely to occur after kochia emergence, which increases the risk of control failure.&nbsp;If it is difficult for a grower to apply pre-emerge herbicides in early Spring. A Fall-applied treatment can also be effective to help ensure timely application, and good control, however, they are not likely to effectively control later flushes of kochia.The duration of a fall applied herbicide in early December and combined with a spring pre-emerge application in late February has achieved greater than 80% control of kochia in Kansas. These treatments were conducted in Tribune and Garden City by K-State Weed Science specialist. They used three different treatments and each one was equally effective. They were ATZ + Clarity + Sharpen; ATZ + Clarity + Zidua; and Atrazine + Clarity.&nbsp;Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Pre-plant herbicide applications for kochia control

Grassy sandbur is the “sticker” plant that looks like grass. It will often invade thin lawns, especially in dry years. Therefore, the best control for this weed is a thick, healthy lawn.

However, if your lawn is thin this spring and grassy sandbur was a problem last year, use a preemergence herbicide before the sandbur comes up. However, not all preemergence herbicides are effective. The three products that can help minimize grassy sandbur are oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine. Oryzalin is sold under the trade name Weed Impede. &nbsp; It can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue such as Kentucky bluegrass. Oryzalin is also sold as a combination product with benefin as Green Light Amaze. &nbsp;As with oryzalin alone, it can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue such as Kentucky bluegrass. Apply Amaze or an oryzalin product about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom. Pendimethalin is sold commercially as Pendulum as well as several other names. On the homeowner side, it is sold as Scotts Halts. Pendimethalin is best applied as a split application with the first half applied about April 15 and the second about June 1. Alternatively, make the first application when redbud trees approach full bloom and the second six weeks later. Prodiamine is sold under the commercial name of Barricade. &nbsp;It is also sold as a homeowner product Howard Johnson Crabgrass Control Plus with 0.37 Prodiamine &nbsp;00-00-07. &nbsp;It can be used on all our common lawn grasses. Apply as is done for oryzalin, about April 15 or when redbud trees approach full bloom. Only one application is needed per year. None of the “weed preventers” will give complete control but each should help. Quinclorac (Drive) can provide some postemergence control especially if the sandbur is in the seedling stage. Quinclorac is also found in several combination products that control both broadleaf weeds and crabgrass such as one of the following. • Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max + Crabgrass Control • BioAdvanced All-in-One Lawn Weed and Crabgrass Killer • Monterey Crab-E-Rad Plus • Fertilome Weed Out with Crabgrass Killer • Trimec Crabgrass Plus Lawn Weed Killer • Bonide Weed Beater Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed Killer • Spectracide Weed Stop for Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer Again, the best control for grassy sandbur is a healthy, thick lawn. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Grassy sandbur is the “sticker” plant that looks like grass. It will often invade thin lawns, especially in dry years. Therefore, the best control for this weed is a thick, healthy lawn. However, if your lawn is thin this spring and grassy sandbur was a problem last year, use a preemergence herbicide before the sandbur comes up. However, not all preemergence herbicides are effective. The three products that can help minimize grassy sandbur are oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine. Oryzalin is sold under the trade name Weed Impede. &nbsp; It can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue such as Kentucky bluegrass. Oryzalin is also sold as a combination product with benefin as Green Light Amaze. &nbsp;As with oryzalin alone, it can be used on all warm-season grasses as well as tall fescue. It should not be used on cool-season grasses other than tall fescue such as Kentucky bluegrass. Apply Amaze or an oryzalin product about April 15 when redbud trees approach full bloom. Pendimethalin is sold commercially as Pendulum as well as several other names. On the homeowner side, it is sold as Scotts Halts. Pendimethalin is best applied as a split application with the first half applied about April 15 and the second about June 1. Alternatively, make the first application when redbud trees approach full bloom and the second six weeks later. Prodiamine is sold under the commercial name of Barricade. &nbsp;It is also sold as a homeowner product Howard Johnson Crabgrass Control Plus with 0.37 Prodiamine &nbsp;00-00-07. &nbsp;It can be used on all our common lawn grasses. Apply as is done for oryzalin, about April 15 or when redbud trees approach full bloom. Only one application is needed per year. None of the “weed preventers” will give complete control but each should help. Quinclorac (Drive) can provide some postemergence control especially if the sandbur is in the seedling stage. Quinclorac is also found in several combination products that control both broadleaf weeds and crabgrass such as one of the following. • Ortho Weed-B-Gon Max + Crabgrass Control • BioAdvanced All-in-One Lawn Weed and Crabgrass Killer • Monterey Crab-E-Rad Plus • Fertilome Weed Out with Crabgrass Killer • Trimec Crabgrass Plus Lawn Weed Killer • Bonide Weed Beater Plus Crabgrass &amp; Broadleaf Weed Killer • Spectracide Weed Stop for Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer Again, the best control for grassy sandbur is a healthy, thick lawn. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Controlling grassy sandbur 'stickers'

One of the most used applications for connecting people in 2021 is Zoom. It has been used to take the place of the classroom or transform a traditional classroom into a virtual one. Zoom has literally turned thousands of meeting rooms and classrooms into pandemic safe areas.&nbsp;

Prior to the pandemic, my schedule at work often included one or two Zoom meetings per week. Now, it is not uncommon to have one or two (or more) Zoom sessions each day. My Zoom sessions vary from our Cottonwood team meetings to classes I am teaching or taking. I have literally visited Washington DC, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Rochester, New York through virtual conferences during the past year. While I missed l face-to-face networking and experiencing the culture of traveling to a different part of the country, I did receive valuable ideas to incorporate in my work here in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;

If you would like to learn more about Zoom mark your calendar for Friday, March 12th, and join me at 1:00 PM via Zoom of course. I have set up the Zoom link and you will need to e-mail me at&nbsp; <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> so that I can send you that link. Megan Hammeke, from the Great Bend Recreation Center, is teaming up with me to help lead this session. Our goal is to cover the basics of the Zoom platform and help you navigate the features it offers.&nbsp;

Even though Zoom was launched in 2013 under the direction of Eric Yuan, the capacity of hosting a Zoom meeting was just 15 people. By 2015, that number mushroomed to a thousand. Statistics show that in March 2020 that two million people used Zoom every day. I think back to the days, back in 2006, when our son, Adam, spent a year teaching in Slovakia. We were thrilled to have a decent connection for our phone call (no video) once a week via Skype. Technology has certainly come a long way. Now we enjoy regular family meetings via Zoom since our kids and grandkids do not live in Great Bend.&nbsp;

We would love to have a nice sized group of folks who are wanting to learn more about Zoom join us on the 12th. All you need is a computer, ipad, or smart phone and an internet connection. You will be able to join from the comfort of your home. Feel free to give me a call if you have any questions about our Zoom session. I hope to “see” you on the 12th!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the most used applications for connecting people in 2021 is Zoom. It has been used to take the place of the classroom or transform a traditional classroom into a virtual one. Zoom has literally turned thousands of meeting rooms and classrooms into pandemic safe areas.&nbsp;Prior to the pandemic, my schedule at work often included one or two Zoom meetings per week. Now, it is not uncommon to have one or two (or more) Zoom sessions each day. My Zoom sessions vary from our Cottonwood team meetings to classes I am teaching or taking. I have literally visited Washington DC, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Rochester, New York through virtual conferences during the past year. While I missed l face-to-face networking and experiencing the culture of traveling to a different part of the country, I did receive valuable ideas to incorporate in my work here in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;If you would like to learn more about Zoom mark your calendar for Friday, March 12th, and join me at 1:00 PM via Zoom of course. I have set up the Zoom link and you will need to e-mail me at&nbsp; <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a> so that I can send you that link. Megan Hammeke, from the Great Bend Recreation Center, is teaming up with me to help lead this session. Our goal is to cover the basics of the Zoom platform and help you navigate the features it offers.&nbsp;Even though Zoom was launched in 2013 under the direction of Eric Yuan, the capacity of hosting a Zoom meeting was just 15 people. By 2015, that number mushroomed to a thousand. Statistics show that in March 2020 that two million people used Zoom every day. I think back to the days, back in 2006, when our son, Adam, spent a year teaching in Slovakia. We were thrilled to have a decent connection for our phone call (no video) once a week via Skype. Technology has certainly come a long way. Now we enjoy regular family meetings via Zoom since our kids and grandkids do not live in Great Bend.&nbsp;We would love to have a nice sized group of folks who are wanting to learn more about Zoom join us on the 12th. All you need is a computer, ipad, or smart phone and an internet connection. You will be able to join from the comfort of your home. Feel free to give me a call if you have any questions about our Zoom session. I hope to “see” you on the 12th!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Learning more about the world of Zoom

Crabgrass preventers are another name for pre-emergence herbicides that prevent crabgrass seeds from developing into mature plants. Many people have a somewhat foggy idea of how they work and assume they kill the weed seed. &nbsp;Such is not the case. They do not kill the seed or even keep the seed from germinating but rather kill the young plant after it germinates. &nbsp;Therefore, they do not prevent germination but prevent emergence. Crabgrass preventers are just that – preventers. With few exceptions they have no effect on existing crabgrass plants, so they must be applied before germination. Additionally, preventers do not last forever once applied to the soil. &nbsp;Microorganisms and natural processes begin to gradually break them down soon after they are applied. If some products are applied too early, they may have lost much of their strength by the time they are needed. Most crabgrass preventers are fairly ineffective after about 60 days, but there is considerable variation among products. (Dimension and Barricade last longer. See below.)​

For most of Kansas, crabgrass typically begins to germinate around May 1 or a little later. April 15 is normally a good target date for applying preventer because it gives active ingredients time to evenly disperse in the soil before crabgrass germination starts. &nbsp;Even better, base timing on the bloom of ornamental plants. The Eastern Redbud tree is a good choice for this purpose. When the trees in your area approach full bloom, apply crabgrass preventer. A follow-up application will be needed about 8 weeks later unless you are using Dimension or Barricade. Products that do require a follow-up application include pendimethalin (Scotts Halts) and Team (Hi-Yield Crabgrass Control). Dimension and Barricade are the only two products that give season-long control of crabgrass from a single application. In fact, they can be applied much earlier than April 15 and still have sufficient residual strength to last the season. Barricade can even be applied in the fall for crabgrass control the next season. Dimension can be applied as early as March 1. Because of the added flexibility in timing, these products are favorites of lawn care companies who have many customers to service in the spring. Though Dimension is usually not applied as early as Barricade, it is the herbicide of choice if it must be applied later than recommended. It is the exception to the rule that pre-emergence herbicides do not kill existing weeds. Dimension can kill crabgrass as long as it is young (two- to three-leaf stage). Dimension is also the best choice if treating a lawn that was planted late last fall.

Normally a pre-emergence herbicide is not recommended unless the lawn has been mowed two to four times. But Dimension is kind to young tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass seedlings and some formulations can be applied as early as two weeks after the first sign of germination. However, read the label of the specific product you wish to use to ensure that this use is allowed. Lawns established in the fall can be safely treated with Dimension the following spring even if they have not been mowed. Note that products containing Dimension and Barricade may use the common name rather than the trade name. The common chemical name for Dimension is dithiopyr and for Barricade is prodiamine. Remember, when using any pesticide, read the label and follow instructions carefully. We recommend crabgrass preventers be applied before fertilizer so that the grass isn’t encouraged to put on too much growth too early. However, it may be difficult to find products that contain preemergents without fertilizer. Those that don’t contain fertilizer are listed below. I didn’t find any products containing Barricade that did not also have a fertilizer. If anyone knows of other products that should be listed, let us know and we will publish them in a later newsletter. Pendimethalin&nbsp; &nbsp;- Scotts Halts Team (Benefin + Trifluralin)&nbsp; &nbsp;- Hi-Yield Crabgrass Control Dimension&nbsp; &nbsp;- Hi-Yield Turf &amp; Ornamental Weed and Grass Stopper&nbsp; &nbsp;- Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer&nbsp; &nbsp;- Green Light Crabgrass Preventer Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Crabgrass preventers are another name for pre-emergence herbicides that prevent crabgrass seeds from developing into mature plants. Many people have a somewhat foggy idea of how they work and assume they kill the weed seed. &nbsp;Such is not the case. They do not kill the seed or even keep the seed from germinating but rather kill the young plant after it germinates. &nbsp;Therefore, they do not prevent germination but prevent emergence. Crabgrass preventers are just that – preventers. With few exceptions they have no effect on existing crabgrass plants, so they must be applied before germination. Additionally, preventers do not last forever once applied to the soil. &nbsp;Microorganisms and natural processes begin to gradually break them down soon after they are applied. If some products are applied too early, they may have lost much of their strength by the time they are needed. Most crabgrass preventers are fairly ineffective after about 60 days, but there is considerable variation among products. (Dimension and Barricade last longer. See below.)​For most of Kansas, crabgrass typically begins to germinate around May 1 or a little later. April 15 is normally a good target date for applying preventer because it gives active ingredients time to evenly disperse in the soil before crabgrass germination starts. &nbsp;Even better, base timing on the bloom of ornamental plants. The Eastern Redbud tree is a good choice for this purpose. When the trees in your area approach full bloom, apply crabgrass preventer. A follow-up application will be needed about 8 weeks later unless you are using Dimension or Barricade. Products that do require a follow-up application include pendimethalin (Scotts Halts) and Team (Hi-Yield Crabgrass Control). Dimension and Barricade are the only two products that give season-long control of crabgrass from a single application. In fact, they can be applied much earlier than April 15 and still have sufficient residual strength to last the season. Barricade can even be applied in the fall for crabgrass control the next season. Dimension can be applied as early as March 1. Because of the added flexibility in timing, these products are favorites of lawn care companies who have many customers to service in the spring. Though Dimension is usually not applied as early as Barricade, it is the herbicide of choice if it must be applied later than recommended. It is the exception to the rule that pre-emergence herbicides do not kill existing weeds. Dimension can kill crabgrass as long as it is young (two- to three-leaf stage). Dimension is also the best choice if treating a lawn that was planted late last fall. Normally a pre-emergence herbicide is not recommended unless the lawn has been mowed two to four times. But Dimension is kind to young tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass seedlings and some formulations can be applied as early as two weeks after the first sign of germination. However, read the label of the specific product you wish to use to ensure that this use is allowed. Lawns established in the fall can be safely treated with Dimension the following spring even if they have not been mowed. Note that products containing Dimension and Barricade may use the common name rather than the trade name. The common chemical name for Dimension is dithiopyr and for Barricade is prodiamine. Remember, when using any pesticide, read the label and follow instructions carefully. We recommend crabgrass preventers be applied before fertilizer so that the grass isn’t encouraged to put on too much growth too early. However, it may be difficult to find products that contain preemergents without fertilizer. Those that don’t contain fertilizer are listed below. I didn’t find any products containing Barricade that did not also have a fertilizer. If anyone knows of other products that should be listed, let us know and we will publish them in a later newsletter. Pendimethalin&nbsp; &nbsp;- Scotts Halts Team (Benefin + Trifluralin)&nbsp; &nbsp;- Hi-Yield Crabgrass Control Dimension&nbsp; &nbsp;- Hi-Yield Turf &amp; Ornamental Weed and Grass Stopper&nbsp; &nbsp;- Bonide Crabgrass &amp; Weed Preventer&nbsp; &nbsp;- Green Light Crabgrass Preventer Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Applying crabgrass preventers

This summer, thousands of Kansas teenagers will begin their first job working for a farmer or rancher.&nbsp;&nbsp;For those that are ages 14 or 15, they must complete a tractor safety course in order to be legally employed.&nbsp;A 13-year-old may enroll in the training if turning 14 before the next year’s class is offered, but the certificate will not be issued until their fourteenth birthday.&nbsp;

To help prepare some of those youth for the upcoming work season. The Extension districts: Midway, Cottonwood, Post Rock, Central Kansas, and River Valley will be hosting an in-person tractor safety class March 27th&nbsp;starting at 8:15 am at KanEquip, 704 E Kunkle Drive, Ellsworth.&nbsp;

This course will meet the requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Hazardous Occupations Order for Agriculture (HOOA). The HOOA regulations state that youth 14 and 15 years of age, who wish to work as a hired employee for someone other than a parent or legal guardian and operate a farm tractor that is 20 HP or greater, must successfully pass a tractor safety training program.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The course will be held on Saturday, March 27, starting at 8:15 a.m.&nbsp;&nbsp;The cost of the program is 20 dollars to cover cost of materials for the course.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those wanting to enroll should visit and complete the <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_02oeNbK0P0hoWcC">“Tractor Safety Registration Form.”</a> Enrollment is due by Wednesday, March 24.

Another tractor safety course will be held virtually April 10 for those wishing to attend that way.&nbsp;

&nbsp;Prospective students can check availability and ask questions prior to registering by calling&nbsp;&nbsp;or emailing Craig Dinkel&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cadinkel@ksu.edu">cadinkel@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;Clinton Laflin&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cllaflin@ksu.edu">cllaflin@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;Justine Henderson<a href="mailto:jwh04@ksu.edu">jwh04@ksu.edu</a>, or Sandra Wick&nbsp;<a href="mailto:swick@ksu.edu">swick@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>This summer, thousands of Kansas teenagers will begin their first job working for a farmer or rancher.&nbsp;&nbsp;For those that are ages 14 or 15, they must complete a tractor safety course in order to be legally employed.&nbsp;A 13-year-old may enroll in the training if turning 14 before the next year’s class is offered, but the certificate will not be issued until their fourteenth birthday.&nbsp;To help prepare some of those youth for the upcoming work season. The Extension districts: Midway, Cottonwood, Post Rock, Central Kansas, and River Valley will be hosting an in-person tractor safety class March 27th&nbsp;starting at 8:15 am at KanEquip, 704 E Kunkle Drive, Ellsworth.&nbsp;This course will meet the requirements of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Hazardous Occupations Order for Agriculture (HOOA). The HOOA regulations state that youth 14 and 15 years of age, who wish to work as a hired employee for someone other than a parent or legal guardian and operate a farm tractor that is 20 HP or greater, must successfully pass a tractor safety training program.&nbsp;&nbsp;The course will be held on Saturday, March 27, starting at 8:15 a.m.&nbsp;&nbsp;The cost of the program is 20 dollars to cover cost of materials for the course.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those wanting to enroll should visit and complete the <a href="https://kstate.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_02oeNbK0P0hoWcC">“Tractor Safety Registration Form.”</a> Enrollment is due by Wednesday, March 24.Another tractor safety course will be held virtually April 10 for those wishing to attend that way.&nbsp;&nbsp;Prospective students can check availability and ask questions prior to registering by calling&nbsp;&nbsp;or emailing Craig Dinkel&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cadinkel@ksu.edu">cadinkel@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;Clinton Laflin&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cllaflin@ksu.edu">cllaflin@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;Justine Henderson<a href="mailto:jwh04@ksu.edu">jwh04@ksu.edu</a>, or Sandra Wick&nbsp;<a href="mailto:swick@ksu.edu">swick@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

BOOR: Tractor safety class offered

The natural aging process offers challenges to many people. While we know from listening to the news and our personal experiences, staying active is a key component in maintaining or regaining health. But if you have noticed that your strength, flexibility or balance isn’t what it used to be you may want to consider signing up for a strength training program offered in the Cottonwood Extension District soon.&nbsp;

“Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” is designed to increase an aging adult’s access to a safe, structured, and effective strength training program. Over 8 weeks, participants learn exercises to improve their strength, flexibility, and balance. During each session, a prescribed set of 8 upper and lower body strengthening exercises are done along with warm-ups and cool-down stretches. Participants are made to feel comfortable regardless of their current fitness level so they can safely participate and gradually build the strength beneficial to health.

The 8-week program is set to begin soon in Great Bend and Ellis. I will be leading Stay Strong Stay Healthy beginning Tuesday, March 16th and ending May 6th at the Great Bend Activity Center. It meets Tuesdays and Thursdays from 10 – 11 am at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th Street. The Ellis class will be led by Berny Unruh, and it starts Tuesday, March 9th and ends April 29th. The registration fee for these workshops is $20 and may be paid at either the Great Bend or Hays office by March 5th. Class size is limited to please enroll soon.

K-State Research &amp; Extension has partnered with Missouri Cooperative Extension to bring the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy program to our state. We are excited that the Great Bend Recreation Commission and the Ellis Rec. is allowing us to use their facilities for these classes.

Participant will need to complete a pre-assessment prior to the first class. Call Berny or me if you have any specific questions about the “Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” workshop or to set up your pre-assessment. I look forward to seeing you soon!&nbsp;

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. " />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. </figcaption>
 </figure>The natural aging process offers challenges to many people. While we know from listening to the news and our personal experiences, staying active is a key component in maintaining or regaining health. But if you have noticed that your strength, flexibility or balance isn’t what it used to be you may want to consider signing up for a strength training program offered in the Cottonwood Extension District soon.&nbsp;“Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” is designed to increase an aging adult’s access to a safe, structured, and effective strength training program. Over 8 weeks, participants learn exercises to improve their strength, flexibility, and balance. During each session, a prescribed set of 8 upper and lower body strengthening exercises are done along with warm-ups and cool-down stretches. Participants are made to feel comfortable regardless of their current fitness level so they can safely participate and gradually build the strength beneficial to health.The 8-week program is set to begin soon in Great Bend and Ellis. I will be leading Stay Strong Stay Healthy beginning Tuesday, March 16th and ending May 6th at the Great Bend Activity Center. It meets Tuesdays and Thursdays from 10 – 11 am at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th Street. The Ellis class will be led by Berny Unruh, and it starts Tuesday, March 9th and ends April 29th. The registration fee for these workshops is $20 and may be paid at either the Great Bend or Hays office by March 5th. Class size is limited to please enroll soon.K-State Research &amp; Extension has partnered with Missouri Cooperative Extension to bring the Stay Strong, Stay Healthy program to our state. We are excited that the Great Bend Recreation Commission and the Ellis Rec. is allowing us to use their facilities for these classes.Participant will need to complete a pre-assessment prior to the first class. Call Berny or me if you have any specific questions about the “Stay Strong, Stay Healthy” workshop or to set up your pre-assessment. I look forward to seeing you soon!&nbsp;Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

KRUG: 'Stay Strong, Stay Healthy' workshops

A couple of weeks ago, I came across a video on a Facebook post that really hit my heart. You have heard me talk a lot about kindness in the last year and the message and video from Brady Burks, a farmer from Lebanon, KS provided additional perspective.

With Brady’s permission, I am going to share his words from the post.

Middle America's take on a Super Bowl Commercial.&nbsp;

Recently there was a Super Bowl commercial filmed in our tiny town with a big name star. I understand the commercial brought with it animosity over a seemingly hypocritical message of "Unity." I get that argument; I see why people would scoff at the commercial. But, instead of taking that commercial to heart, politically, I decided to focus on what really made me happy and that was the spotlight on rural America and our tiny town right here in the MIDDLE.&nbsp;

However, a few weeks later the commercial was pulled because the star of the commercial made some poor choices. The commercial went from political talk, to now even more animosity over the star getting in trouble. Now the spotlight wasn't on middle America at all. It seemed as though the fad was over.&nbsp;

So, I decided Middle America should just make its own Super Bowl Commercial, with real people! Filming it just so happened to collide with winter weather seen only once in a generation... making this project all that more special to me.&nbsp;

You see, rural America is important. Not just when it's convenient for a message. Not just when it makes you feel good to feel sorry for us working in the cold weather. (We knew what we signed up for.) WE have a story worth telling, and are willing to hear your story even if we live totally different lifestyles. I am a firm believer if you don't tell your story, someone else will. For what its worth, this is just a snipped of "Our Story."

Unity starts with YOU. WE can sit around all day and talk about who is the most unifying or we can be about unifying.&nbsp;

I can do things you cannot You can do things I cannot; Together, we can do great things!

I think at the end of the day the above sums it up. It takes all kinds of kinds. Work hard and be nice. You might thank a farmer and rancher while you're at it, but you might just thank an American while you're at it because after all we are UNITED! WE THE PEOPLE

Thanks, Brady for letting me share your eloquently written words that said what was on my heart this week. If you would like to check out “Middle America’s Commercial”, follow the link and give him a moment at

<a href="https://www.facebook.com/1622950351/videos/10222302348220591/">https://www.facebook.com/1622950351/videos/10222302348220591/</a>

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>A couple of weeks ago, I came across a video on a Facebook post that really hit my heart. You have heard me talk a lot about kindness in the last year and the message and video from Brady Burks, a farmer from Lebanon, KS provided additional perspective.With Brady’s permission, I am going to share his words from the post.---------Middle America's take on a Super Bowl Commercial.&nbsp;Recently there was a Super Bowl commercial filmed in our tiny town with a big name star. I understand the commercial brought with it animosity over a seemingly hypocritical message of "Unity." I get that argument; I see why people would scoff at the commercial. But, instead of taking that commercial to heart, politically, I decided to focus on what really made me happy and that was the spotlight on rural America and our tiny town right here in the MIDDLE.&nbsp;However, a few weeks later the commercial was pulled because the star of the commercial made some poor choices. The commercial went from political talk, to now even more animosity over the star getting in trouble. Now the spotlight wasn't on middle America at all. It seemed as though the fad was over.&nbsp;So, I decided Middle America should just make its own Super Bowl Commercial, with real people! Filming it just so happened to collide with winter weather seen only once in a generation... making this project all that more special to me.&nbsp;You see, rural America is important. Not just when it's convenient for a message. Not just when it makes you feel good to feel sorry for us working in the cold weather. (We knew what we signed up for.) WE have a story worth telling, and are willing to hear your story even if we live totally different lifestyles. I am a firm believer if you don't tell your story, someone else will. For what its worth, this is just a snipped of "Our Story."As for the unity portion:Unity starts with YOU. WE can sit around all day and talk about who is the most unifying or we can be about unifying.&nbsp;Lastly, I will leave you with this:I can do things you cannot You can do things I cannot; Together, we can do great things!- Mother Teresa&nbsp;I think at the end of the day the above sums it up. It takes all kinds of kinds. Work hard and be nice. You might thank a farmer and rancher while you're at it, but you might just thank an American while you're at it because after all we are UNITED! WE THE PEOPLEThanks, Brady for letting me share your eloquently written words that said what was on my heart this week. If you would like to check out “Middle America’s Commercial”, follow the link and give him a moment at<a href="https://www.facebook.com/1622950351/videos/10222302348220591/">https://www.facebook.com/1622950351/videos/10222302348220591/</a>Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Middle America's take on Super Bowl ad

One of the most neglected tools for vegetable gardeners is a soil thermometer. Soil temperature is a much better measure of when to plant than air temperature or the calendar. Planting when soil is too cool can cause some seeds to rot and transplants to sit there. A number of vegetables can germinate and grow at cool temperatures. For example, peas will germinate and grow well at a soil temperature of 40 F. Though lettuce, parsnips, and spinach can sprout at a soil temperature of 35 F, they prefer at least 45 F for best germination and growth. &nbsp;Radishes also do well at a soil temperature of 45 F. &nbsp;Even if the seeds of these cool-season crops are planted below the recommended soil temperature, the seed will rarely rot. Warm-season crops such as tomatoes, sweet corn, and beans are different. &nbsp;They prefer at least 55 F for germination (or transplanting), but others such as peppers, cucumbers, melons, and sweet potatoes need it even warmer, about 60 F. &nbsp;If planted when soils are too cool, they likely will rot before germinating. Taking soil temperature accurately is a bit of a science. First, use a metal soil thermometer, which is sold in many garden, auto parts, and hardware stores. Take temperature 2.5 inches deep at about 10 to 11 a.m. Temperature variations throughout the day and night affect soil temperature, with the lowest readings after dawn and the warmest around mid-afternoon. The late-morning reading gives a good average temperature. If taking the soil temperature at this time is not practical, take a reading before you leave for work and a second when you return home and use the average. Also be sure to get a consistent reading for four to five days in a row before planting, and make sure a cold snap is not predicted.An excellent guide sheet on this subject is published by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System and is titled “Soil Temperature Conditions for Vegetable Seed Germination.” It can be found <a href="https://extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/documents/12281/soiltemps.pdf">HERE</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp; Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the most neglected tools for vegetable gardeners is a soil thermometer. Soil temperature is a much better measure of when to plant than air temperature or the calendar. Planting when soil is too cool can cause some seeds to rot and transplants to sit there. A number of vegetables can germinate and grow at cool temperatures. For example, peas will germinate and grow well at a soil temperature of 40 F. Though lettuce, parsnips, and spinach can sprout at a soil temperature of 35 F, they prefer at least 45 F for best germination and growth. &nbsp;Radishes also do well at a soil temperature of 45 F. &nbsp;Even if the seeds of these cool-season crops are planted below the recommended soil temperature, the seed will rarely rot. Warm-season crops such as tomatoes, sweet corn, and beans are different. &nbsp;They prefer at least 55 F for germination (or transplanting), but others such as peppers, cucumbers, melons, and sweet potatoes need it even warmer, about 60 F. &nbsp;If planted when soils are too cool, they likely will rot before germinating. Taking soil temperature accurately is a bit of a science. First, use a metal soil thermometer, which is sold in many garden, auto parts, and hardware stores. Take temperature 2.5 inches deep at about 10 to 11 a.m. Temperature variations throughout the day and night affect soil temperature, with the lowest readings after dawn and the warmest around mid-afternoon. The late-morning reading gives a good average temperature. If taking the soil temperature at this time is not practical, take a reading before you leave for work and a second when you return home and use the average. Also be sure to get a consistent reading for four to five days in a row before planting, and make sure a cold snap is not predicted.An excellent guide sheet on this subject is published by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System and is titled “Soil Temperature Conditions for Vegetable Seed Germination.” It can be found <a href="https://extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/documents/12281/soiltemps.pdf">HERE</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp; Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Soil temperature and vegetables 

	Life is challenging for children and for families. As a parent I worried about how I would protect my children from themselves and from others. While there is not a step-by-step guide for raising resilient kids, I often tell parents they just have to do the best job they can.

	As I shared in my prior three articles, the very first thing to do is to build a relationship with your children. Spend time with them and express your affection often. Demonstrate your love for your children by setting boundaries and limits. There should be no question that they must wear their seat belts and they cannot cross the street alone. When they become teens, parents must set the limits for what hours the phone can be used and that the phone will be charged overnight in the parent’s room. Parents must be good role models and follow the law.&nbsp; Children will learn that they too must follow the law. &nbsp;

	In the book “The Good Teen”, Richard Lerner discusses the 5 “C’s” of positive development for teens. Connection was the characteristic that made so much sense to me. Being involved in your child’s life is vitally important. Know what they are doing and who their friends are. Serve as a community volunteer as a family. Working together as a family contributes to family bonding. Get involved in your community so your children know the neighbors and those in community organizations. In turn, those adults will know your kids. As parents we do have to monitor what our children are doing. It is also helpful if everyone at school, at church and those in other organizations will help keep an eye out for your kids too.&nbsp;

	Kids need guidance. They also need to experience life to learn some things on their own. We cannot protect our children from all the disappointments in life. We can teach them to think through their actions and help them through the consequences of their actions, especially if things don’t turn out on the positive end. When your child’s behavior requires discipline, make sure the punishment is appropriate for the misbehavior.&nbsp;

	Be an advocate for your child. I did not go to a coach or a teacher and question the rules and guidelines they had set. However, if my child asked me to go with them to speak to a teacher, I joined them and listened in on the conversation. There is a fine line between monitoring your children’s activities and taking over and making decisions for them.&nbsp;

	The key to raising emotionally healthy children is to make sure that they are first and foremost in your life and that they know that they are. It may require that you as a parent lay down your phone. It saddens me to see adults more interested in their phone than they are in their children. Never give up on your kids or on their happiness. Be present and be there for them. 	&nbsp;

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>	Life is challenging for children and for families. As a parent I worried about how I would protect my children from themselves and from others. While there is not a step-by-step guide for raising resilient kids, I often tell parents they just have to do the best job they can.	As I shared in my prior three articles, the very first thing to do is to build a relationship with your children. Spend time with them and express your affection often. Demonstrate your love for your children by setting boundaries and limits. There should be no question that they must wear their seat belts and they cannot cross the street alone. When they become teens, parents must set the limits for what hours the phone can be used and that the phone will be charged overnight in the parent’s room. Parents must be good role models and follow the law.&nbsp; Children will learn that they too must follow the law. &nbsp;	In the book “The Good Teen”, Richard Lerner discusses the 5 “C’s” of positive development for teens. Connection was the characteristic that made so much sense to me. Being involved in your child’s life is vitally important. Know what they are doing and who their friends are. Serve as a community volunteer as a family. Working together as a family contributes to family bonding. Get involved in your community so your children know the neighbors and those in community organizations. In turn, those adults will know your kids. As parents we do have to monitor what our children are doing. It is also helpful if everyone at school, at church and those in other organizations will help keep an eye out for your kids too.&nbsp;	Kids need guidance. They also need to experience life to learn some things on their own. We cannot protect our children from all the disappointments in life. We can teach them to think through their actions and help them through the consequences of their actions, especially if things don’t turn out on the positive end. When your child’s behavior requires discipline, make sure the punishment is appropriate for the misbehavior.&nbsp;	Be an advocate for your child. I did not go to a coach or a teacher and question the rules and guidelines they had set. However, if my child asked me to go with them to speak to a teacher, I joined them and listened in on the conversation. There is a fine line between monitoring your children’s activities and taking over and making decisions for them.&nbsp;	The key to raising emotionally healthy children is to make sure that they are first and foremost in your life and that they know that they are. It may require that you as a parent lay down your phone. It saddens me to see adults more interested in their phone than they are in their children. Never give up on your kids or on their happiness. Be present and be there for them. 	&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: Be a protector

While it still seems early in the year to me, I must admit the days are going by in a hurry.&nbsp; Of course each day brings us one day closer to spring, which means warmer weather and longer bike rides.&nbsp; Those of you who come to my educational programs or read my columns know that I am passionate about topics related to health and wellness.&nbsp; Today I want to talk about another type of health — that is financial health.&nbsp;

If ever there was a year to drive home how important saving for emergencies is, the past year wins the prize. The sudden loss of income linked to COVID-19 caught people off guard. Businesses closed or reduced operations, leading to job losses or smaller paychecks for many in our communities.

The last week in February is designated as Kansas Saves week.&nbsp; This coincides with a national campaign America Saves.&nbsp; This is a great time to think about goals and consider setting, or renewing, a savings goal. &nbsp; &nbsp;

A fact sheet titled, “Spend Some, Save Some, Share Some: Family Budgeting” has good information to help you get started. Elizabeth Kiss, our Extension Specialist in the area of Financial Management, and author of the fact sheet, shares advice in key areas of your spending plan. She recommends spending no more than 25 percent of your income on housing and save a least 10 percent of each paycheck. It is also wise to put aside at least three months living expenses in a rainy-day fund. If possible consider contributing 10 percent of your income to your faith-based community or some other cause.

The idea of a budget often conjures up ideas of sacrifice or doing without. It doesn’t have to be that way. A budget, also called a spending plan, is a guide for how you will use your money over a specific period of time to meet your goals. Of course, to be most useful, it needs to be as realistic as possible. Events of the past year may have influenced your spending plan and created the need to adjust your plan.

When it comes to saving, you will need to determine what works best for your household. Many people have found that having a certain amount transferred automatically from each paycheck into a savings or investment account is the most effective way to save. Having clear goals for what you are saving for will help keep you motivated and you will be surprised at how quickly you can reach your goal.&nbsp;

Feel free to stop by my office, give me a call, or send an e-mail if you would like to receive the fact sheet, “Spend Some, Save Some, Share Some: Family Budgeting.”&nbsp;

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp; You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>While it still seems early in the year to me, I must admit the days are going by in a hurry.&nbsp; Of course each day brings us one day closer to spring, which means warmer weather and longer bike rides.&nbsp; Those of you who come to my educational programs or read my columns know that I am passionate about topics related to health and wellness.&nbsp; Today I want to talk about another type of health — that is financial health.&nbsp;If ever there was a year to drive home how important saving for emergencies is, the past year wins the prize. The sudden loss of income linked to COVID-19 caught people off guard. Businesses closed or reduced operations, leading to job losses or smaller paychecks for many in our communities.The last week in February is designated as Kansas Saves week.&nbsp; This coincides with a national campaign America Saves.&nbsp; This is a great time to think about goals and consider setting, or renewing, a savings goal. &nbsp; &nbsp;A fact sheet titled, “Spend Some, Save Some, Share Some: Family Budgeting” has good information to help you get started. Elizabeth Kiss, our Extension Specialist in the area of Financial Management, and author of the fact sheet, shares advice in key areas of your spending plan. She recommends spending no more than 25 percent of your income on housing and save a least 10 percent of each paycheck. It is also wise to put aside at least three months living expenses in a rainy-day fund. If possible consider contributing 10 percent of your income to your faith-based community or some other cause.The idea of a budget often conjures up ideas of sacrifice or doing without. It doesn’t have to be that way. A budget, also called a spending plan, is a guide for how you will use your money over a specific period of time to meet your goals. Of course, to be most useful, it needs to be as realistic as possible. Events of the past year may have influenced your spending plan and created the need to adjust your plan.When it comes to saving, you will need to determine what works best for your household. Many people have found that having a certain amount transferred automatically from each paycheck into a savings or investment account is the most effective way to save. Having clear goals for what you are saving for will help keep you motivated and you will be surprised at how quickly you can reach your goal.&nbsp;Feel free to stop by my office, give me a call, or send an e-mail if you would like to receive the fact sheet, “Spend Some, Save Some, Share Some: Family Budgeting.”&nbsp;Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp; You may reach her at (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Celebrate Kansas Saves Week

Are you interested in keeping up with the latest weed management information? If so, you’ll want to add the “War Against Weeds” podcast to your weed management toolbox. This podcast is a brand new outreach effort from Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist, Mandy Bish, Extension Weed Scientist at the University of Missouri, and Joe Ikely, Extension Weed Scientist at North Dakota State.

All podcast episodes will be posted at <a href="https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/">https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/</a> and will also be freely available on Spotify, a digital streaming service. Additional ways to access the podcast will be available in the future. The first full-length episode was available the week of Jan. 18 and is titled “Silver Bullets are for Werewolves."

Future episodes will feature a variety of guests from private industry, extension and research with expertise in many of aspects of weed science as they discuss key topics like integrated weed management, herbicide resistance, and others.

“We are looking forward to sharing our conversations about current issues in weed management”, says Sarah Lancaster, Extension Weed Specialist.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/2/1613668718790.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictAre you interested in keeping up with the latest weed management information? If so, you’ll want to add the “War Against Weeds” podcast to your weed management toolbox. This podcast is a brand new outreach effort from Sarah Lancaster, K-State Extension Weed Science Specialist, Mandy Bish, Extension Weed Scientist at the University of Missouri, and Joe Ikely, Extension Weed Scientist at North Dakota State.All podcast episodes will be posted at <a href="https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/">https://waragainstweeds.libsyn.com/</a> and will also be freely available on Spotify, a digital streaming service. Additional ways to access the podcast will be available in the future. The first full-length episode was available the week of Jan. 18 and is titled “Silver Bullets are for Werewolves." Future episodes will feature a variety of guests from private industry, extension and research with expertise in many of aspects of weed science as they discuss key topics like integrated weed management, herbicide resistance, and others.“We are looking forward to sharing our conversations about current issues in weed management”, says Sarah Lancaster, Extension Weed Specialist.&nbsp;

CAMPBELL: Extension launches a new podcast on battling weeds

Gardeners are eager to get out and do something in the landscape this time of year. One chore that can be taken care of now is pruning certain shrubs. Often, gardeners approach pruning with trepidation, but it is not as difficult as it may seem. Remember, not all shrubs need to be pruned (i.e., witch hazel), and certain shrubs, which will be identified later, should not be pruned this time of year. Shrubs are pruned to maintain or reduce the size, rejuvenate growth, or to remove diseased, dead, or damaged branches. Deciduous shrubs are those that lose their leaves each winter. Evergreen shrubs maintain foliage all year and include yews and junipers. Deciduous shrubs are placed into three groups:&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that flower in the spring on wood produced last year.&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that flower later in the year on current seasons’ growth; and&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that may produce flowers, but those flowers are of little ornamental value.

Shrubs that flower in the spring should not be pruned until immediately after flowering. &nbsp;Though pruning earlier will not harm the health of the plant, the flowering display will be reduced. Examples of these types of plants include forsythia, lilac, and mock orange. Shrubs that bloom on current seasons’ growth or that do not produce ornamental flowers are best pruned in late winter to early spring. Examples include Rose-of-Sharon, pyracantha, Bumald spirea, and Japanese spirea. Pruning during the spring allows wounds to heal quickly without threat from insects or disease. There is no need to treat pruning cuts with paints or sealers. In fact, some of these products may slow healing. There are three basic methods used in pruning shrubs: thinning, heading back, and rejuvenating. Thinning is used to thin out branches from a shrub that is too dense. It is accomplished by removing most of the inward growing twigs by cutting them back to a larger branch. On multi-stemmed shrubs, the oldest canes may be removed entirely. Heading back is done by removing the end of a branch by cutting it back to a bud and is used for either reducing height or keeping a shrub compact. Branches are not cut back to a uniform height because this results in a "witches-broom" effect.​Rejuvenation is the most severe type of pruning and may be used on multi-stem shrubs that have become too large, with too many old branches to justify saving the younger canes. All stems are cut back to 3- to 5-inch stubs. This is not recommended for all shrubs but does work well for spirea, forsythia, pyracantha, ninebark, Russian almond, little leaf mock orange, shrub roses, and flowering quince. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Gardeners are eager to get out and do something in the landscape this time of year. One chore that can be taken care of now is pruning certain shrubs. Often, gardeners approach pruning with trepidation, but it is not as difficult as it may seem. Remember, not all shrubs need to be pruned (i.e., witch hazel), and certain shrubs, which will be identified later, should not be pruned this time of year. Shrubs are pruned to maintain or reduce the size, rejuvenate growth, or to remove diseased, dead, or damaged branches. Deciduous shrubs are those that lose their leaves each winter. Evergreen shrubs maintain foliage all year and include yews and junipers. Deciduous shrubs are placed into three groups:&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that flower in the spring on wood produced last year.&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that flower later in the year on current seasons’ growth; and&nbsp; &nbsp; - Those that may produce flowers, but those flowers are of little ornamental value.Shrubs that flower in the spring should not be pruned until immediately after flowering. &nbsp;Though pruning earlier will not harm the health of the plant, the flowering display will be reduced. Examples of these types of plants include forsythia, lilac, and mock orange. Shrubs that bloom on current seasons’ growth or that do not produce ornamental flowers are best pruned in late winter to early spring. Examples include Rose-of-Sharon, pyracantha, Bumald spirea, and Japanese spirea. Pruning during the spring allows wounds to heal quickly without threat from insects or disease. There is no need to treat pruning cuts with paints or sealers. In fact, some of these products may slow healing. There are three basic methods used in pruning shrubs: thinning, heading back, and rejuvenating. Thinning is used to thin out branches from a shrub that is too dense. It is accomplished by removing most of the inward growing twigs by cutting them back to a larger branch. On multi-stemmed shrubs, the oldest canes may be removed entirely. Heading back is done by removing the end of a branch by cutting it back to a bud and is used for either reducing height or keeping a shrub compact. Branches are not cut back to a uniform height because this results in a "witches-broom" effect.​Rejuvenation is the most severe type of pruning and may be used on multi-stem shrubs that have become too large, with too many old branches to justify saving the younger canes. All stems are cut back to 3- to 5-inch stubs. This is not recommended for all shrubs but does work well for spirea, forsythia, pyracantha, ninebark, Russian almond, little leaf mock orange, shrub roses, and flowering quince. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Pruning deciduous shrubs

There is an old country song by Waylon Jennings called “Stop the World” and includes the lyrics “Stop the world and let me off; I’m tired of going round and round.”

I feel like I have been going round and round for months with the message of being kind. Yet, all I have to do is turn on the tv or my social media to see so many examples of flat-out meanness.&nbsp;

We continue to hear about bullying in our world and the multitude of reactions to this behavior. Bullying will not stop in our schools and among youth until we as adults stop and set a positive example of dealing with adversity. Social Media is rampant with hateful, divisive posts and worse comments.

Not everyone is going to like you. Not everyone is going to agree with you. Not everyone is going to be respectful of or to you. None of this is a news flash and it can sure hurt when it happens! However, it can also be a learning experience – did I do or say something that may have injured someone else? Did I take on a position with the intention of digging in my heels and being contrary? Was I willing to listen to another’s point of view even – especially - if I don’t agree with it?

I have a good group of friends who have very specific views on their industry. While I don’t disagree with many of their points, their method of sharing their views can be very dismissive and condescending to others. They have lost their audience before they ever shared their message. They don’t need to change their beliefs but may need to adjust the tone of their message to reach the influential people that can make a difference.

I can certainly be judgmental; I know that I am stubborn; I can be snarky and sarcastic. Recognizing those things about myself is the first step to adjusting my reaction to adversarial situations. I am not always successful but my goal is to stop and think before I respond or hit send/post. More than once, I have typed a response only to backspace all the way through it because I recognize how it may be perceived by others. I appreciate having colleagues that I can call to talk through a situation and step away from the immediate response of anger or frustration.&nbsp;

Youth are watching and learning from us all the time, whether we realize it or not. How have you handled a bully? Have you been the bully in a situation? How can each of us set a better example of working with those who are different from us? I hope that you will take time to stop before you react with your child to set a positive example in a tough situation. Take a minute to observe and talk through both negative and positive reactions to situations.

Our 4-H motto is to Make The Best Better and I continue to work on a better version of me. I don’t really want the world to stop&nbsp; - but I look forward to kindness being something that goes round and round and it starts with each one of us!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>There is an old country song by Waylon Jennings called “Stop the World” and includes the lyrics “Stop the world and let me off; I’m tired of going round and round.”I feel like I have been going round and round for months with the message of being kind. Yet, all I have to do is turn on the tv or my social media to see so many examples of flat-out meanness.&nbsp;We continue to hear about bullying in our world and the multitude of reactions to this behavior. Bullying will not stop in our schools and among youth until we as adults stop and set a positive example of dealing with adversity. Social Media is rampant with hateful, divisive posts and worse comments.Not everyone is going to like you. Not everyone is going to agree with you. Not everyone is going to be respectful of or to you. None of this is a news flash and it can sure hurt when it happens! However, it can also be a learning experience – did I do or say something that may have injured someone else? Did I take on a position with the intention of digging in my heels and being contrary? Was I willing to listen to another’s point of view even – especially - if I don’t agree with it?I have a good group of friends who have very specific views on their industry. While I don’t disagree with many of their points, their method of sharing their views can be very dismissive and condescending to others. They have lost their audience before they ever shared their message. They don’t need to change their beliefs but may need to adjust the tone of their message to reach the influential people that can make a difference.I can certainly be judgmental; I know that I am stubborn; I can be snarky and sarcastic. Recognizing those things about myself is the first step to adjusting my reaction to adversarial situations. I am not always successful but my goal is to stop and think before I respond or hit send/post. More than once, I have typed a response only to backspace all the way through it because I recognize how it may be perceived by others. I appreciate having colleagues that I can call to talk through a situation and step away from the immediate response of anger or frustration.&nbsp;Youth are watching and learning from us all the time, whether we realize it or not. How have you handled a bully? Have you been the bully in a situation? How can each of us set a better example of working with those who are different from us? I hope that you will take time to stop before you react with your child to set a positive example in a tough situation. Take a minute to observe and talk through both negative and positive reactions to situations.Our 4-H motto is to Make The Best Better and I continue to work on a better version of me. I don’t really want the world to stop&nbsp; - but I look forward to kindness being something that goes round and round and it starts with each one of us!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Stop the world ... I want off!

In the chaos, find the calm. Over the last year we have continually had to deal with challenging situations at home, at work and at school. Each person or family has their way of dealing with the chaos and hopefully they have found a coping strategy that works for them.

In my last two columns I have shared ideas for parents and caregivers to practice being the encourager and being a better communicator. In this column I will share ideas to teach our children how to remain calm.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>In the chaos, find the calm. Over the last year we have continually had to deal with challenging situations at home, at work and at school. Each person or family has their way of dealing with the chaos and hopefully they have found a coping strategy that works for them.In my last two columns I have shared ideas for parents and caregivers to practice being the encourager and being a better communicator. In this column I will share ideas to teach our children how to remain calm.&nbsp;A series of publications was created this last year for teens who might find themselves “Suddenly in Charge” of younger children. In the following tip sheet, Tristen Cope shares some strategies for helping children handle stress: <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3503.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3503.pdf</a> If you do not have the capabilities of downloading this, call the Extension Office and a printed copy can be sent to you.&nbsp;I can remember telling my child, “Just Breathe”, when they were terribly upset. Don’t wait until the stress level is so high that your child is gasping for breath. Practice deep breathing with them so they will be prepared to calm themselves down. Breathe in through your nose, counting to 5, then breathe out through your mouth, counting to 5, taking as long to exhale as it took to inhale. Then do it again. Place one hand on your chest and one hand on your belly and feel the air move in and then move out. Some of our preschools and schools are teaching students the “Take Five” technique. To calm themselves, the children are asked to take a breath in and then breathe out while using one finger on an open hand to trace up one side of the pinky and then down the other side of their pinky finger. Repeat this with each finger and then the thumb.&nbsp;A fun activity for your child might be to make a “calm down” jar. Fill a clear jar ¾ full of water. Add ¼ cup of clear glue and add glitter or sequins. Food coloring can also be added. Then, use a hot glue gun to seal the lid on. After the seal is dry, shake the jar and patiently watch the glitter fall to the bottom. This can be very calming for a child. It can also be used as a timer. Shake the jar and then send the kids off to complete a task before the glitter has completely settled to the bottom.By the way, these calming techniques for children also work for adults. I have a Calm Jar on my desk at work! If you would like additional information about building resiliency in your family, please give contact me.&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>