Many young, smooth, thin-barked trees such as honeylocusts, fruit trees, ashes, oaks, maples, lindens, and willows are susceptible to sunscald and bark cracks. 

Sunscald normally develops on the south or southwest side of the tree during late winter. Sunny, warm winter days may heat the bark to relatively high temperatures. Research done in Georgia has shown that the southwest side of the trunk of a peach tree can be 40 degrees warmer than shaded bark. This warming action can cause a loss of cold hardiness of the bark tissue resulting in cells becoming active. These cells then become susceptible to lethal freezing when the temperature drops at night. The damaged bark tissue becomes sunken and discolored in late spring. &nbsp;Damaged bark will eventually crack and slough off. &nbsp;

Trees often recover but need special care — especially watering during dry weather.​If you have seen this type of damage in previous years or fear you have susceptible trees, preventative measures are called for. &nbsp;Applying a light-colored tree wrap from the ground to the start of the first branches can protect young and/or recently planted trees. This should be done in October to November and removed the following March. Failure to remove the tree wrap in the spring can prove detrimental to the tree. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Many young, smooth, thin-barked trees such as honeylocusts, fruit trees, ashes, oaks, maples, lindens, and willows are susceptible to sunscald and bark cracks. Sunscald normally develops on the south or southwest side of the tree during late winter. Sunny, warm winter days may heat the bark to relatively high temperatures. Research done in Georgia has shown that the southwest side of the trunk of a peach tree can be 40 degrees warmer than shaded bark. This warming action can cause a loss of cold hardiness of the bark tissue resulting in cells becoming active. These cells then become susceptible to lethal freezing when the temperature drops at night. The damaged bark tissue becomes sunken and discolored in late spring. &nbsp;Damaged bark will eventually crack and slough off. &nbsp;Trees often recover but need special care — especially watering during dry weather.​If you have seen this type of damage in previous years or fear you have susceptible trees, preventative measures are called for. &nbsp;Applying a light-colored tree wrap from the ground to the start of the first branches can protect young and/or recently planted trees. This should be done in October to November and removed the following March. Failure to remove the tree wrap in the spring can prove detrimental to the tree. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Preventing sunscald on thin-barked trees

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

The Cottonwood Extension District and participating seed companies will be hosting Grain Sorghum Plot Field Days in both Barton and Ellis Counties on Thursday. These field days not only give farmers a chance to see and hear about the hybrids from company representatives, but for farmer to farmer sharing of experiences and ideas, says Stacy Campbell Extension Agent with the Cottonwood District.&nbsp;

The Barton County field day will start at 10:30 a.m. and conclude at noon with a complimentary meal courtesy of sponsors. It is located at the intersection of NW 30th Rd. and NW 70th Ave. On HWY. 96 just east of Heizer, turn onto the blacktop NW 60th Ave and go 1 mile south and turn west onto NW 30th Road and go 1 mile.

The Ellis County field day is that evening beginning at 5:30 p.m. and will also conclude with a complimentary supper, courtesy of the seed company sponsors. Directions from Hays go south on HWY. 183 at the South County Line road turn east and go 1.5 miles.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Seed Company representatives will be on-hand to discuss their sorghum hybrids and answer questions. Extension Agronomy specialists Lucas Haag will visit about K-State Research &amp; Extension’s new nitrogen recommendations for corn, and sorghum and answer questions. Sarah Lancaster, Extension Weed Specialist will discuss weed control options and tactics. As always in this informal setting there will be time for questions, feedback and discussion.&nbsp;

All interested people are invited to attend. RSVP is appreciated by Tuesday, September 7th by emailing either Brenda <a href="mailto:bwalton@ksu.edu">bwalton@ksu.edu</a> or call the Great Bend Office, 620-793-1910, and Theresa <a href="mailto:tam3@ksu.edu">tam3@ksu.edu</a> or call the Hays Office, 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/9/1630601995865.jpeg" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictThe Cottonwood Extension District and participating seed companies will be hosting Grain Sorghum Plot Field Days in both Barton and Ellis Counties on Thursday. These field days not only give farmers a chance to see and hear about the hybrids from company representatives, but for farmer to farmer sharing of experiences and ideas, says Stacy Campbell Extension Agent with the Cottonwood District.&nbsp;The Barton County field day will start at 10:30 a.m. and conclude at noon with a complimentary meal courtesy of sponsors. It is located at the intersection of NW 30th Rd. and NW 70th Ave. On HWY. 96 just east of Heizer, turn onto the blacktop NW 60th Ave and go 1 mile south and turn west onto NW 30th Road and go 1 mile.The Ellis County field day is that evening beginning at 5:30 p.m. and will also conclude with a complimentary supper, courtesy of the seed company sponsors. Directions from Hays go south on HWY. 183 at the South County Line road turn east and go 1.5 miles.&nbsp; &nbsp;Seed Company representatives will be on-hand to discuss their sorghum hybrids and answer questions. Extension Agronomy specialists Lucas Haag will visit about K-State Research &amp; Extension’s new nitrogen recommendations for corn, and sorghum and answer questions. Sarah Lancaster, Extension Weed Specialist will discuss weed control options and tactics. As always in this informal setting there will be time for questions, feedback and discussion.&nbsp;All interested people are invited to attend. RSVP is appreciated by Tuesday, September 7th by emailing either Brenda <a href="mailto:bwalton@ksu.edu">bwalton@ksu.edu</a> or call the Great Bend Office, 620-793-1910, and Theresa <a href="mailto:tam3@ksu.edu">tam3@ksu.edu</a> or call the Hays Office, 785-628-9430.

Grain sorghum plot field day set for Thursday

	Sitting down together at the family dinner table may seem hard to manage with the busy lives people lead these days. However, a family meal helps create an environment where parents and children can have a conversation.&nbsp; And that family interaction is an important factor to protect children from the dangers of smoking, drinking and drugs.

	The Hays office of the Cottonwood Extension District is teaming up with Papa Murphy’s and the Hays Kiwanis Club to offer a family pizza activity to encourage families to cook and eat together. Families with young children will have the opportunity to collect the ingredients for a pizza and return home to make a low-cost meal to bake and enjoy together.

	Family Pizza Night will be held on Monday, Sept. 20, from 4:15-6:15 pm at the Extension Office meeting room, 601 Main Street in Hays. Check-in will be at the front door on Main Street. The cost is $3 per pizza, with a limit of two pizzas per family. Quantities are limited, so registration is accepted on a first-come, first-served basis. Please register and pay at the Extension Office, 601 Main Street in Hays. If you have questions, please call 785-628-9430.&nbsp; This is an event for parents with their young children. Registration will be complete when the fee for the pizza is paid.

	Papa Murphy’s will donate pizza crusts for the make-and-take event and toppings are purchased by funding from the Hays Kiwanis Club and Cottonwood Extension District. We’ll also provide some fruit and veggies to balance your healthy family meal.

The goal of Family Pizza Make and Take Night is to create awareness that regular conversations between parents and children are an important prevention tool to help safeguard Kansas youth and that family meals are an important way to regularly engage in those conversations. &nbsp;

Parental influence is known to be one of the most crucial factors in determining the likelihood of substance abuse by teenagers. Research done by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse consistently finds that the more often children eat dinner with their families, the less likely they are to smoke, drink or use drugs. The statistics reveal that teens who almost always eat dinner with their families are 31 percent LESS likely than the average teenager to smoke, drink or use drugs, while teens who virtually never eat dinner with their families are 72 percent MORE likely than the average teenager to use illegal drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.

	Additionally, research shows that children who eat dinner often with their families are more likely to be emotionally content, do well in school, have positive peer relationships, have lower levels of stress and be bored less often. What amazing benefits from something as simple as a family meal!

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>	Sitting down together at the family dinner table may seem hard to manage with the busy lives people lead these days. However, a family meal helps create an environment where parents and children can have a conversation.&nbsp; And that family interaction is an important factor to protect children from the dangers of smoking, drinking and drugs.	The Hays office of the Cottonwood Extension District is teaming up with Papa Murphy’s and the Hays Kiwanis Club to offer a family pizza activity to encourage families to cook and eat together. Families with young children will have the opportunity to collect the ingredients for a pizza and return home to make a low-cost meal to bake and enjoy together.	Family Pizza Night will be held on Monday, Sept. 20, from 4:15-6:15 pm at the Extension Office meeting room, 601 Main Street in Hays. Check-in will be at the front door on Main Street. The cost is $3 per pizza, with a limit of two pizzas per family. Quantities are limited, so registration is accepted on a first-come, first-served basis. Please register and pay at the Extension Office, 601 Main Street in Hays. If you have questions, please call 785-628-9430.&nbsp; This is an event for parents with their young children. Registration will be complete when the fee for the pizza is paid.	Papa Murphy’s will donate pizza crusts for the make-and-take event and toppings are purchased by funding from the Hays Kiwanis Club and Cottonwood Extension District. We’ll also provide some fruit and veggies to balance your healthy family meal.	 The goal of Family Pizza Make and Take Night is to create awareness that regular conversations between parents and children are an important prevention tool to help safeguard Kansas youth and that family meals are an important way to regularly engage in those conversations. &nbsp;		Parental influence is known to be one of the most crucial factors in determining the likelihood of substance abuse by teenagers. Research done by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse consistently finds that the more often children eat dinner with their families, the less likely they are to smoke, drink or use drugs. The statistics reveal that teens who almost always eat dinner with their families are 31 percent LESS likely than the average teenager to smoke, drink or use drugs, while teens who virtually never eat dinner with their families are 72 percent MORE likely than the average teenager to use illegal drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.	Additionally, research shows that children who eat dinner often with their families are more likely to be emotionally content, do well in school, have positive peer relationships, have lower levels of stress and be bored less often. What amazing benefits from something as simple as a family meal!	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: Make-and-take a pizza for family meal together

The last session at our recent agent update on campus provided important information about a timely topic: suicide. With September noted as Suicide Prevention Month, it is the perfect time to bring some thoughts about this subject to the forefront.

Research shows that the majority of those who attempt suicide give some warning signs – verbal, written, or behavioral. Depression in youth bears special attention, since it is often undetected in middle and high school students, and young adults, and therefore goes untreated. At the other end of the lifespan, the same is true of our elders. Most young people and elders enjoy life, but for those who become depressed – if effective treatment is not initiated – death by suicide can become a significant risk.&nbsp;

Failure to recognize and respond to suicide warning signs may reflect both our lack of knowledge about suicide, as well as our basic fear about the subject itself. From the research, we know how to restore, rebuild and maintain hope. What helps suicidal people most is connection to others, planning for the future, engagement with a helper, a return to core values and beliefs, and confirming or finding a sense of purpose in life.

Our suicide prevention task force which is a part of our Central Kansas Partnership brings passionate people together to discuss suicide and take action. There are two activities I want to bring your attention that are planned later this month. The ninth annual Golden Belt Glow Run for Life 5k/1 mile run is set for Saturday, Sept. 18, from 6-10 PM at Veterans Memorial Park in Great Bend. Glow for Life is an awareness and remembrance event that raises awareness for suicide prevention. This event supports suicide prevention by providing a quality walking and running event in memory of those we have lost and in honor of their family and friends. Proceeds will be used to sponsor community suicide prevention education. Event registration, sponsorship forms and luminary sales forms can be found at ckpartnership.org/prevention or thecentergb.org. Contact Holly Bowyer at <a href="mailto:Hollyb@thecentergb.org">Hollyb@thecentergb.org</a> for more information.

Another event that I am involved in is a Pedal for Prevention bike ride set for Friday, September 17th, beginning at 6 PM at the Great Bend Bike Park. Pilot Club members will be on hand before the ride to fit free bicycle helmets on riders of all ages. My husband, John, and I will be leading the bike ride from the Bike Park at Brit Spaugh to the large west shelter at Veterans Park. We will take riders by the Bicycle Campground that is being developed behind Central Baptist Church on the way. The ride is in remembrance of Devin. Devin’s parents have designed t-shirts that will be available for riders. Everyone is welcome at both of these events.

I would also like to invite you to take a look at our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page. There are several “Wellness Wednesday” posts that include short videos created by staff at High Plains Mental Health, that address mental health topics.&nbsp;

I also want to recognize the good work our Great Bend Center for Counseling and Consultation is doing in the area of suicide prevention. I invite you to take a look at their website to learn more about the #Zero Reasons Why program that focuses on removing the stigma, building community support and committing to education.&nbsp;

Please take some time to raise your own awareness about suicide and participate in the community events that you can during the month ahead.&nbsp;

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>The last session at our recent agent update on campus provided important information about a timely topic: suicide. With September noted as Suicide Prevention Month, it is the perfect time to bring some thoughts about this subject to the forefront.Research shows that the majority of those who attempt suicide give some warning signs – verbal, written, or behavioral. Depression in youth bears special attention, since it is often undetected in middle and high school students, and young adults, and therefore goes untreated. At the other end of the lifespan, the same is true of our elders. Most young people and elders enjoy life, but for those who become depressed – if effective treatment is not initiated – death by suicide can become a significant risk.&nbsp;Failure to recognize and respond to suicide warning signs may reflect both our lack of knowledge about suicide, as well as our basic fear about the subject itself. From the research, we know how to restore, rebuild and maintain hope. What helps suicidal people most is connection to others, planning for the future, engagement with a helper, a return to core values and beliefs, and confirming or finding a sense of purpose in life.Our suicide prevention task force which is a part of our Central Kansas Partnership brings passionate people together to discuss suicide and take action. There are two activities I want to bring your attention that are planned later this month. The ninth annual Golden Belt Glow Run for Life 5k/1 mile run is set for Saturday, Sept. 18, from 6-10 PM at Veterans Memorial Park in Great Bend. Glow for Life is an awareness and remembrance event that raises awareness for suicide prevention. This event supports suicide prevention by providing a quality walking and running event in memory of those we have lost and in honor of their family and friends. Proceeds will be used to sponsor community suicide prevention education. Event registration, sponsorship forms and luminary sales forms can be found at ckpartnership.org/prevention or thecentergb.org. Contact Holly Bowyer at <a href="mailto:Hollyb@thecentergb.org">Hollyb@thecentergb.org</a> for more information.Another event that I am involved in is a Pedal for Prevention bike ride set for Friday, September 17th, beginning at 6 PM at the Great Bend Bike Park. Pilot Club members will be on hand before the ride to fit free bicycle helmets on riders of all ages. My husband, John, and I will be leading the bike ride from the Bike Park at Brit Spaugh to the large west shelter at Veterans Park. We will take riders by the Bicycle Campground that is being developed behind Central Baptist Church on the way. The ride is in remembrance of Devin. Devin’s parents have designed t-shirts that will be available for riders. Everyone is welcome at both of these events.I would also like to invite you to take a look at our Cottonwood Extension District Facebook page. There are several “Wellness Wednesday” posts that include short videos created by staff at High Plains Mental Health, that address mental health topics.&nbsp;I also want to recognize the good work our Great Bend Center for Counseling and Consultation is doing in the area of suicide prevention. I invite you to take a look at their website to learn more about the #Zero Reasons Why program that focuses on removing the stigma, building community support and committing to education.&nbsp;Please take some time to raise your own awareness about suicide and participate in the community events that you can during the month ahead.&nbsp;Donna Krug is the District Director and Family and Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research &amp; Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

KRUG: Suicide Prevention Month activities planned

Celebrating All Things Kansas is the theme of the 2021 Kansas State Fair. As a 4-H’er growing up, I lived too far away to attend and see my exhibits on display at the Kansas State Fair which is why I love to make time each year to check out many areas of the fair!

The carnival midway and concerts don’t draw me in, however. You can find me at a livestock show, viewing the commercial displays, catching up with friends, and my very favorite activity – checking out all of the 4-H exhibits!

Youth from all 105 counties will have woodworking, rockets, foods, photography, and much, much more on display! The 4-H project for each of these youth qualified at their local county fair and I appreciate all of the creativity and project learning on display!&nbsp;

As I look at an entomology box, I see the hours of collecting insect specimens, researching to identify each one, and carefully completing the display.&nbsp;

Each clothing project involves hours of selecting just the right pattern and appropriate fabric then creating that clothing item. I also understand the hours of removing a seam that wasn’t quite right which I can tell you from experience is an exercise in patience!&nbsp;

One of my favorite areas is the Public Presentations where 4-H youth share a demonstration, illustrated talk, or a poetry/prose reading. Standing before an unknown group of people and a judge with the distractions of fair goers walking through the building takes practice and focus.&nbsp;

So while you are at the Kansas State Fair “Celebrating All Things Kansas” seeing the butter sculpture, having a corn dog, and checking out the rides on the midway, be sure to include a walk through the 4-H exhibits.

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>Celebrating All Things Kansas is the theme of the 2021 Kansas State Fair. As a 4-H’er growing up, I lived too far away to attend and see my exhibits on display at the Kansas State Fair which is why I love to make time each year to check out many areas of the fair!The carnival midway and concerts don’t draw me in, however. You can find me at a livestock show, viewing the commercial displays, catching up with friends, and my very favorite activity – checking out all of the 4-H exhibits!Youth from all 105 counties will have woodworking, rockets, foods, photography, and much, much more on display! The 4-H project for each of these youth qualified at their local county fair and I appreciate all of the creativity and project learning on display!&nbsp;As I look at an entomology box, I see the hours of collecting insect specimens, researching to identify each one, and carefully completing the display.&nbsp;Each clothing project involves hours of selecting just the right pattern and appropriate fabric then creating that clothing item. I also understand the hours of removing a seam that wasn’t quite right which I can tell you from experience is an exercise in patience!&nbsp;One of my favorite areas is the Public Presentations where 4-H youth share a demonstration, illustrated talk, or a poetry/prose reading. Standing before an unknown group of people and a judge with the distractions of fair goers walking through the building takes practice and focus.&nbsp;So while you are at the Kansas State Fair “Celebrating All Things Kansas” seeing the butter sculpture, having a corn dog, and checking out the rides on the midway, be sure to include a walk through the 4-H exhibits.Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at <a href="mailto:mberan@ksu.edu">mberan@ksu.edu</a> or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Explore the Kansas State Fair

This is a great opportunity for club leaders, project leaders, or any 4-H volunteer. Interested in serving as a 4-H volunteer? Contact&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/michelle.engemannberan?__cft__[0]=AZUU3sVTNU3Q0SuYoFJrasWfOSgiBZ0oavFFIBSudtlNr6bal2YwulNvGzhdQs5_t65W_mG-L6JmRTJJhXtlHsxpOWhOvHz0wzELn6Cp78Z2wQ4A9oBy-Q0zmioZxmRadWmRrY7hkYWLWFk4Bonsymn1yvZBPGiU8pjCTSu4J38khIchffuHU9JAxy1Yt3-m4VR0C38vo48MflVOaG2l8YVPeyEDwUeXoZXGtM5knoqyqg&amp;__tn__=-]K*F">Michelle Beran</a>&nbsp;or Susan Schlichting at 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/9/1630577438754.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>This is a great opportunity for club leaders, project leaders, or any 4-H volunteer. Interested in serving as a 4-H volunteer? Contact&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/michelle.engemannberan?__cft__[0]=AZUU3sVTNU3Q0SuYoFJrasWfOSgiBZ0oavFFIBSudtlNr6bal2YwulNvGzhdQs5_t65W_mG-L6JmRTJJhXtlHsxpOWhOvHz0wzELn6Cp78Z2wQ4A9oBy-Q0zmioZxmRadWmRrY7hkYWLWFk4Bonsymn1yvZBPGiU8pjCTSu4J38khIchffuHU9JAxy1Yt3-m4VR0C38vo48MflVOaG2l8YVPeyEDwUeXoZXGtM5knoqyqg&amp;__tn__=-]K*F">Michelle Beran</a>&nbsp;or Susan Schlichting at 785-628-9430.

4-H volunteer training offered virtually by Cottonwood Extension District

What has worked and what to see in the future,&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle outlook, starting newly arrived calves on feed, and the comparison of multiple castration methods in&nbsp;stocker&nbsp;cattle are among topics planned for 2021 Kansas State University&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Field&nbsp;Day&nbsp;on Thursday, Sept. 30. The conference will be hosted at the KSU&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;

“We believe this year’s program will be an exceptional one,” says Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle extension specialist. “The collective wisdom and experience of many producers and university professors will shed a lot of good information as our industry moves into the future.”&nbsp;

The&nbsp;day&nbsp;will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m.&nbsp;

Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>What has worked and what to see in the future,&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle outlook, starting newly arrived calves on feed, and the comparison of multiple castration methods in&nbsp;stocker&nbsp;cattle are among topics planned for 2021 Kansas State University&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Field&nbsp;Day&nbsp;on Thursday, Sept. 30. The conference will be hosted at the KSU&nbsp;Beef&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;“We believe this year’s program will be an exceptional one,” says Dale Blasi, K-State Animal Sciences and Industry professor and&nbsp;beef&nbsp;cattle extension specialist. “The collective wisdom and experience of many producers and university professors will shed a lot of good information as our industry moves into the future.”&nbsp;The&nbsp;day&nbsp;will start with a welcome at 9:30 a.m. and will conclude around 5 p.m.&nbsp;Topics for this year’s agenda include: &nbsp;&nbsp;<ul>
 <li>What Has Worked for Us and What We See into the Future&nbsp;</li><li>Beef Cattle Outlook&nbsp;</li><li>Can You Manage BRD and Coccidiosis Effectively with Receiving Rations for Backgrounding&nbsp;Stockers&nbsp;</li><li>A Novel Approach to Starting Newly Arrived Calves on Feed&nbsp;</li><li>Comparison of Multiple Castration Methods in&nbsp;Stocker&nbsp;Cattle&nbsp; Registration is $25 and due Sept. 10. Walk-in registration is available for $35. To register go to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.asi.k-state.edu/events/stocker-conference.html" target="_blank">asi.ksu.edu/stockerfieldday</a>. For more information, contact Lois Schreiner at 785-532-1267 or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lschrein@ksu.edu" target="_blank">lschrein@ksu.edu</a>.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Beef Stocker Field Day is this month

Tall fescue lawns that have become thin over the summer can be thickened up by overseeding during September. Start by mowing the grass short (1 to 1.5 inches) and removing the clippings. This will make it easier to achieve good seed-soil contact and increase the amount of light that will reach the young seedlings. Good seed-soil contact is vital if the overseeding is to be successful. Excess thatch can prevent seeds from reaching the soil and germinating. Normally we want 1/4 inch of thatch or less when overseeding. If the thatch layer is 3/4 inch or more, it is usually easiest to use a sod cutter to remove it and start over with a new lawn. A power rake can be used to reduce a thatch layer that is less than 3/4 inch but more than a quarter inch. Once thatch is under control, the soil should be prepared for the seed. This can be done in various ways. &nbsp; For small spots, a hand rake can be used to roughen up the soil before the seed is applied. A verticut machine has solid vertical blades that can be set to cut furrows in the soil. It is best to go in two different directions with the machine. A slit seeder is a verticut machine with a seed hopper added so the soil prep and seeding operation are combined. Another option is to use a core aerator. The core aerator will punch holes in the soil and deposit the soil cores on the surface of the ground. Each hole produces an excellent environment for seed germination and growth. Make three to four passes with the core aerator to ensure enough holes for the seed. Using a core aerator has the additional benefit of reducing the amount of watering needed to get the seed germinated and growing. Aeration also increases the water infiltration rate, decreases compaction, and increases the amount of oxygen in the soil. Of the three methods, I prefer the slit seeder for obtaining good seed/soil contact. &nbsp;However, if watering is difficult, core aeration may be a better option. &nbsp;Regardless of the method used, fertilizer should be applied at the rate suggested by a soil test, or a starter fertilizer should be used at the rate suggested on the bag. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Tall fescue lawns that have become thin over the summer can be thickened up by overseeding during September. Start by mowing the grass short (1 to 1.5 inches) and removing the clippings. This will make it easier to achieve good seed-soil contact and increase the amount of light that will reach the young seedlings. Good seed-soil contact is vital if the overseeding is to be successful. Excess thatch can prevent seeds from reaching the soil and germinating. Normally we want 1/4 inch of thatch or less when overseeding. If the thatch layer is 3/4 inch or more, it is usually easiest to use a sod cutter to remove it and start over with a new lawn. A power rake can be used to reduce a thatch layer that is less than 3/4 inch but more than a quarter inch. Once thatch is under control, the soil should be prepared for the seed. This can be done in various ways. &nbsp; For small spots, a hand rake can be used to roughen up the soil before the seed is applied. A verticut machine has solid vertical blades that can be set to cut furrows in the soil. It is best to go in two different directions with the machine. A slit seeder is a verticut machine with a seed hopper added so the soil prep and seeding operation are combined. Another option is to use a core aerator. The core aerator will punch holes in the soil and deposit the soil cores on the surface of the ground. Each hole produces an excellent environment for seed germination and growth. Make three to four passes with the core aerator to ensure enough holes for the seed. Using a core aerator has the additional benefit of reducing the amount of watering needed to get the seed germinated and growing. Aeration also increases the water infiltration rate, decreases compaction, and increases the amount of oxygen in the soil. Of the three methods, I prefer the slit seeder for obtaining good seed/soil contact. &nbsp;However, if watering is difficult, core aeration may be a better option. &nbsp;Regardless of the method used, fertilizer should be applied at the rate suggested by a soil test, or a starter fertilizer should be used at the rate suggested on the bag. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Overseeding a lawn

We are seeing numerous reports of fall armyworms especially in the southeast and south-central Kansas. &nbsp;Though we have had fall armyworm outbreaks in the past, this is earlier than usual.

Armyworms are so-called because they invade fields or landscapes as large groups and can cause a lawn to turn brown seemingly overnight. Young worms are ½ to 3/4 inch long. Mature ones are 1 ½ inch long. Body-color may vary from green to almost black but light stripes will be visible along the length of the body. Look for a whitish inverted "Y" on the top of the black head. It normally takes 2 to 3 weeks to progress from egg to pupa. The adult is a moth. Armyworm damage can resemble drought damage but close inspection of the turf will reveal the larvae. Look for active feeding during early morning or evening hours or on cloudy days. Larvae feed on foliage and the resulting dehydration causes to turf to quickly brown. Normally, armyworm damage does not kill established turf but may if populations are high enough. Thick infestations of fall armyworms can damage turfgrass crowns which will kill turf. Acephate (Orthene, Acephate), spinosad (Conserve; Natural Guard Spinosad, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew; Monterey Garden Insect Spray), and other insecticides are effective caterpillar killers. Treat in the late afternoon, when the caterpillars are likely to begin feeding. Do not mow for 3 days after treatment. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1629725136273.png" alt="Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>We are seeing numerous reports of fall armyworms especially in the southeast and south-central Kansas. &nbsp;Though we have had fall armyworm outbreaks in the past, this is earlier than usual.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Armyworms are so-called because they invade fields or landscapes as large groups and can cause a lawn to turn brown seemingly overnight. Young worms are ½ to 3/4 inch long. Mature ones are 1 ½ inch long. Body-color may vary from green to almost black but light stripes will be visible along the length of the body. Look for a whitish inverted "Y" on the top of the black head. It normally takes 2 to 3 weeks to progress from egg to pupa. The adult is a moth. Armyworm damage can resemble drought damage but close inspection of the turf will reveal the larvae. Look for active feeding during early morning or evening hours or on cloudy days. Larvae feed on foliage and the resulting dehydration causes to turf to quickly brown. Normally, armyworm damage does not kill established turf but may if populations are high enough. Thick infestations of fall armyworms can damage turfgrass crowns which will kill turf. Acephate (Orthene, Acephate), spinosad (Conserve; Natural Guard Spinosad, Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew; Monterey Garden Insect Spray), and other insecticides are effective caterpillar killers. Treat in the late afternoon, when the caterpillars are likely to begin feeding. Do not mow for 3 days after treatment. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Fall armyworms on turf

Just as college students may feel anxious when they leave their homes and return to campus, fall is also a time when spring-born calves are separated from their mothers and stress ensues. &nbsp;&nbsp;

To minimize the stress felt, the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute offered management strategies to implement. Discussed on a recent&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/07/30/low-stress-weaning-managing-immunity-post-weaning-weight-loss-pain-management/" target="_blank">Cattle Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast the experts defined the term low-stress weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“Low stress weaning refers to all the things we do to make it an easier transition from the cow-calf operation to the next step in the production system,” said Brian Lubbers, K-State veterinarian.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Veterinarian Bob Larson added that many producers follow the fence line weaning practice where the calves can still see their mothers through the fence but are unable to nurse. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“We want to promote familiarity and eliminate the novelty of the weaning process, and we do that by offering them feed in a pen while they are still with their mothers or have them drink from a water source like the type they will encounter after weaning,” said Brad White, veterinarian and BCI director. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Regarding feed, BCI nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said the type of feed that works best in the diets of calves transitioning from their mother’s milk is one they are familiar with. &nbsp;&nbsp;

“While they are still with the cow, we want to introduce palatable feeds and begin that transition to a mixed ration and free choice hay,”.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Good, palatable feed choices for calves are distiller’s grains and cottonseed hulls that stimulate intake.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

It is also important to make sure the calves are consuming feed with an adequate protein content along with energy, vitamins and minerals. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Adding grain mix to the diet can come at a cost, but it also reduces weight loss that most calves experience at weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The experts agree that keeping the cattle healthy through this time is key and one way to do that is by helping the animals build their immunity.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“There are two ways calves acquire immunity: Either from the mother directly to the calf through the colostrum, or the calves get it through a natural infection or vaccination,” Lubbers said. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The timing of vaccinations often will depend on the management and marketing for the operation, Larson said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

He added: “For cattle that are not going to be co-mingled with cattle from other herds at weaning, it is fine to give those vaccinations at the time of weaning when you are already working with the calves.” &nbsp;&nbsp;

The bottom line, White said, is to work with a veterinarian to develop a pre-weaning plan that fits best with the goals for the herd. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District" />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District</figcaption>
 </figure>Just as college students may feel anxious when they leave their homes and return to campus, fall is also a time when spring-born calves are separated from their mothers and stress ensues. &nbsp;&nbsp;To minimize the stress felt, the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute offered management strategies to implement. Discussed on a recent&nbsp;<a href="https://ksubci.org/2021/07/30/low-stress-weaning-managing-immunity-post-weaning-weight-loss-pain-management/" target="_blank">Cattle Chat</a>&nbsp;podcast the experts defined the term low-stress weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Low stress weaning refers to all the things we do to make it an easier transition from the cow-calf operation to the next step in the production system,” said Brian Lubbers, K-State veterinarian.&nbsp;&nbsp;Veterinarian Bob Larson added that many producers follow the fence line weaning practice where the calves can still see their mothers through the fence but are unable to nurse. &nbsp;&nbsp;“We want to promote familiarity and eliminate the novelty of the weaning process, and we do that by offering them feed in a pen while they are still with their mothers or have them drink from a water source like the type they will encounter after weaning,” said Brad White, veterinarian and BCI director. &nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Introducing Feed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h2>Regarding feed, BCI nutritionist Phillip Lancaster said the type of feed that works best in the diets of calves transitioning from their mother’s milk is one they are familiar with. &nbsp;&nbsp;“While they are still with the cow, we want to introduce palatable feeds and begin that transition to a mixed ration and free choice hay,”.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Good, palatable feed choices for calves are distiller’s grains and cottonseed hulls that stimulate intake.”&nbsp;&nbsp;It is also important to make sure the calves are consuming feed with an adequate protein content along with energy, vitamins and minerals. &nbsp;&nbsp;Adding grain mix to the diet can come at a cost, but it also reduces weight loss that most calves experience at weaning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2>Building Immunity&nbsp;&nbsp;</h2>The experts agree that keeping the cattle healthy through this time is key and one way to do that is by helping the animals build their immunity.&nbsp;&nbsp;“There are two ways calves acquire immunity: Either from the mother directly to the calf through the colostrum, or the calves get it through a natural infection or vaccination,” Lubbers said. &nbsp;&nbsp;The timing of vaccinations often will depend on the management and marketing for the operation, Larson said.&nbsp;&nbsp;He added: “For cattle that are not going to be co-mingled with cattle from other herds at weaning, it is fine to give those vaccinations at the time of weaning when you are already working with the calves.” &nbsp;&nbsp;The bottom line, White said, is to work with a veterinarian to develop a pre-weaning plan that fits best with the goals for the herd. &nbsp;&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

BOOR: Minimizing stress on spring-born calves

Pre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are used less frequently in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat production. Due to space limitations the table with the selected products for this use are listed in the full article on our web site <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp; click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.

Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.

Herbicides without residual activity may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr (StareDown,). It is especially important to be aware of planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.

When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split-application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.

Field bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed for which a special discussion is justified. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.

The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.

Satisfactory control of field bindweed will not be achieved with a single herbicide application. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.

For additional information, see the “2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf</a>&nbsp;or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1629477612920.jpeg" alt="Milo stubble field / Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Milo stubble field / Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictPre-emergence herbicides with residual activity are an important component of high-yielding cropping systems. They are used less frequently in wheat production compared to other cropping systems in Kansas, but residual herbicides applied prior to wheat emergence can be part of a good weed management system in wheat production. Due to space limitations the table with the selected products for this use are listed in the full article on our web site <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp; click onto the Crops and Livestock tab and look under Hot Topics.Most residual herbicides labeled for pre-emergence application in wheat are Group 2 (ALS-inhibiting) herbicides, which are associated with herbicide resistant populations of kochia, marestail (horseweed), bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, and brome species in Kansas. Products in Groups 14 (the PPO-inhibiting herbicides) and 15 (the long-chain fatty acid inhibiting herbicides) are also labeled; however, they are generally more dependent on rainfall for activation than the Group 2 herbicides.Herbicides without residual activity may be applied with or without residual herbicides in the weeks prior to planting wheat. Older products include the Group 2 herbicides Amber, Olympus, and Pre-Pare, as well as Group 4 (plant growth regulating) herbicides like 2,4-D, dicamba, or fluroxypyr (StareDown,). It is especially important to be aware of planting interval restrictions for Group 4 herbicides, which range from 10 to 45 days.When selecting pre-emergence herbicides for use in wheat production, keep in mind that many of these products are also labeled for use in emerged wheat. Unless using a planned split-application, avoid repeated use of products from the same herbicide group to slow the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations in your fields.Field bindweed controlField bindweed is a particularly troublesome weed for which a special discussion is justified. In a 12-year experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Hays, field bindweed reduced wheat yield 2 to 50%. Management of this weed during wheat establishment is important because field bindweed continues to grow until temperatures drop below 20°F.The herbicides most commonly recommended for field bindweed control include various formulations of 2,4-D, dicamba, and glyphosate. Dicamba tends to provide greater control for fall applications compared to 2,4-D or glyphosate, especially if plants are drought-stressed. Another commonly used product is Facet (quinclorac). It is most effective when applied just before the first killing frost. Other herbicides that are labeled for fall application to control or suppress field bindweed in wheat include Affinity, Aim, and Cimarron.Satisfactory control of field bindweed will not be achieved with a single herbicide application. It will take multiple years of herbicide applications to deplete the energy stored in the root system and control an established infestation.For additional information, see the “2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, and Noncropland” guide available online at&nbsp;<a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1162.pdf</a>&nbsp;or check with your local K-State Research and Extension office for a paper copy.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Pre-emergence herbicides for wheat

You have heard a lot about “self-care” during the past year. It is easy to get overloaded with news accounts that we really have no control over. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. It is a good time to explore how meditation and simple exercises can help clear your mind and energize your body.&nbsp;

We have a “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” class that is set to begin September 28th at the Great Bend Activity Center, located at 2715 18th Street. The three week-long class will be held on Tuesday’s and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through October 14th. The class that I enjoy leading with my husband, John, opens with a short meditation, followed by exercises. Do-In (pronounced doe-een) exercises are exercises for health. These exercises are suitable for older adults and anyone who is dealing with a chronic condition. The exercises stimulate the energy flow along the acupuncture meridians. The focus is on imagery, breathing and relaxation when performing the Do-In exercises.&nbsp;

During our first session I will introduce participants to a fact sheet I wrote a couple of years ago. The “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet offers the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:

If the Mindful Meditation and Do-In classes sound like something you would like to participate in, please give me a call to register. There is a $10 fee that may be paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend before the first session September 28th. Class size is limited so call our office at (620)793-1910 to sign up. I hope to see you soon!

Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>You have heard a lot about “self-care” during the past year. It is easy to get overloaded with news accounts that we really have no control over. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. It is a good time to explore how meditation and simple exercises can help clear your mind and energize your body.&nbsp;We have a “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” class that is set to begin September 28th at the Great Bend Activity Center, located at 2715 18th Street. The three week-long class will be held on Tuesday’s and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through October 14th. The class that I enjoy leading with my husband, John, opens with a short meditation, followed by exercises. Do-In (pronounced doe-een) exercises are exercises for health. These exercises are suitable for older adults and anyone who is dealing with a chronic condition. The exercises stimulate the energy flow along the acupuncture meridians. The focus is on imagery, breathing and relaxation when performing the Do-In exercises.&nbsp;During our first session I will introduce participants to a fact sheet I wrote a couple of years ago. The “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet offers the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:<ul>
 <li>Increased ability to relax</li><li>Improved concentration</li><li>Increased energy and enthusiasm for life</li><li>Increased creativity</li><li>Increased self-awareness</li><li>Improved self-esteem</li><li>Improved work/school performance</li>
 </ul>If the Mindful Meditation and Do-In classes sound like something you would like to participate in, please give me a call to register. There is a $10 fee that may be paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend before the first session September 28th. Class size is limited so call our office at (620)793-1910 to sign up. I hope to see you soon!Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

KRUG: Self-care is more important than ever 

We had the opportunity to travel a couple of weeks ago and I was in my favorite seat by the window just in front of the airplane wing.

As I looked out, I noticed the rivets. Have you ever thought about that tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of metal? Rivets are fun accessories on jeans or handbags but also hold things – like airplanes – together!

When I think of the number of men and women painstakingly installing each rivet in just the correct place so that each piece lines up and creates a safe vehicle for us to travel in, I am amazed. Additionally, it requires a substantial amount of force to properly set a rivet. If a rivet fails or is installed incorrectly, it can cause dire circumstances for everyone involved.

I find many analogies for youth development and those rivets! Raising the next generation of community and business leaders takes men and women who invest time and energy into providing positive learning experiences.

I often tell 4-H kids that life lessons stink…..that’s why they are life lessons; it often takes tough situations for each of us to learn patience and perseverance which is the force needed to set the rivets. We also need to check regularly for wear and tear. On equipment this necessary maintenance keeps things moving smoothly and safely; on people, this maintenance is crucial for healthy minds and bodies.

This is much the same for our communities. Yes, we need structure and purpose but it takes each of us holding our small bit together to get us all where we are going!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1579114162620.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>We had the opportunity to travel a couple of weeks ago and I was in my favorite seat by the window just in front of the airplane wing.As I looked out, I noticed the rivets. Have you ever thought about that tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of metal? Rivets are fun accessories on jeans or handbags but also hold things – like airplanes – together!When I think of the number of men and women painstakingly installing each rivet in just the correct place so that each piece lines up and creates a safe vehicle for us to travel in, I am amazed. Additionally, it requires a substantial amount of force to properly set a rivet. If a rivet fails or is installed incorrectly, it can cause dire circumstances for everyone involved.I find many analogies for youth development and those rivets! Raising the next generation of community and business leaders takes men and women who invest time and energy into providing positive learning experiences.I often tell 4-H kids that life lessons stink…..that’s why they are life lessons; it often takes tough situations for each of us to learn patience and perseverance which is the force needed to set the rivets. We also need to check regularly for wear and tear. On equipment this necessary maintenance keeps things moving smoothly and safely; on people, this maintenance is crucial for healthy minds and bodies.This is much the same for our communities. Yes, we need structure and purpose but it takes each of us holding our small bit together to get us all where we are going!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H and Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District – Barton County office. For more information on this article or other 4-H and Youth Development related questions, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call 620-793-1910.

BERAN: Holding everything together

Many gardeners make compost without understanding how to use it around the home. Composthas a number of horticultural applications, which are described below. Fertilization and soil improvement. Organic materials can be added to improve soil looseness and workability. Heavy, tight clay soils benefit from the loosening effects of composted organic materials. In sandy soils, organic material acts as a sponge to hold water and nutrients.Compost contains nutrients plants require. The amount of specific nutrients depends on the types of materials composted and how much water the pile contains. The suggested application rate is 50 to 100 pounds per 100 square feet, which is about ¼ inch of material spread over the entire garden. The best time to apply compost is just before tillage in either the spring or fall to incorporate the compost throughout the root zone. In Kansas, garden soils are often tilled in the fall. Compost made early in the season should be ready by then, or use last year’s compost if you have a two-pile system. Compost at planting. Apply a band of compost in the bottom of a row trench or add several shovels full to the bottom of planting holes. Tomato plants, perennial flowers, trees, and shrubs benefit from the slow release of nutrients through the early growth period. Compost can be applied as a top dressing for seeded vegetables and flowers to prevent soil crusting. It can be used as a substitute for soluble fertilizer or starter solution when mixed in equal parts with water.Leftover compost can be added to garden soil later. Potting mix for seedlings. Compost that has been screened for large particles can be mixed with soil or sand in approximately equal parts, and then used as a growing medium. To ensure healthy seedlings, compost should be well deteriorated and free of harmful disease organisms and insects. Using compost on a lawn. The best way to use compost is to apply it liberally before planting. Fertilize by adding a thin layer of top dressing every year.&nbsp; Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Many gardeners make compost without understanding how to use it around the home. Composthas a number of horticultural applications, which are described below. Fertilization and soil improvement. Organic materials can be added to improve soil looseness and workability. Heavy, tight clay soils benefit from the loosening effects of composted organic materials. In sandy soils, organic material acts as a sponge to hold water and nutrients.Compost contains nutrients plants require. The amount of specific nutrients depends on the types of materials composted and how much water the pile contains. The suggested application rate is 50 to 100 pounds per 100 square feet, which is about ¼ inch of material spread over the entire garden. The best time to apply compost is just before tillage in either the spring or fall to incorporate the compost throughout the root zone. In Kansas, garden soils are often tilled in the fall. Compost made early in the season should be ready by then, or use last year’s compost if you have a two-pile system. Compost at planting. Apply a band of compost in the bottom of a row trench or add several shovels full to the bottom of planting holes. Tomato plants, perennial flowers, trees, and shrubs benefit from the slow release of nutrients through the early growth period. Compost can be applied as a top dressing for seeded vegetables and flowers to prevent soil crusting. It can be used as a substitute for soluble fertilizer or starter solution when mixed in equal parts with water.Leftover compost can be added to garden soil later. Potting mix for seedlings. Compost that has been screened for large particles can be mixed with soil or sand in approximately equal parts, and then used as a growing medium. To ensure healthy seedlings, compost should be well deteriorated and free of harmful disease organisms and insects. Using compost on a lawn. The best way to use compost is to apply it liberally before planting. Fertilize by adding a thin layer of top dressing every year.&nbsp; Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Using compost

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many of our daily routines in a way no one anticipated. Isolation and being at home often cause a temptation to eat snacks or meals that are high in sugar, fat, or salt, rather than nutrient-dense whole foods that can also be delicious. A day that previously included many steps and other physical activity has undergone an unprecedented lifestyle shift. A more sedentary lifestyle, either watching TV or sitting at your computer for hours has become the norm.

So, what are some things we can do to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle and routine while the world around us has adapted to limiting exposure to COVID-19?

Continue to be diligent in your personal hygiene with regular handwashing and wearing a mask when in crowded public places. Stay healthy and safe in the weeks ahead!

Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many of our daily routines in a way no one anticipated. Isolation and being at home often cause a temptation to eat snacks or meals that are high in sugar, fat, or salt, rather than nutrient-dense whole foods that can also be delicious. A day that previously included many steps and other physical activity has undergone an unprecedented lifestyle shift. A more sedentary lifestyle, either watching TV or sitting at your computer for hours has become the norm.So, what are some things we can do to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle and routine while the world around us has adapted to limiting exposure to COVID-19?<ul>
 <li>Stay active – While you may not feel comfortable with sessions at the gym, there are lots of safe alternatives for getting physical activity. Going for a brisk walk outside in an uncrowded area is always a great idea. My daily bike rides to and from my office continue to energize me and provide me the perfect time to de-stress, morning, noon, or at the end of the workday.&nbsp;</li><li>Adequate sleep – Good sleep is essential to our overall health. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), “Immune system activation alters sleep, and sleep in turn affects our body’s defense system.” While the amount of sleep needed for good health and optimum performance depends on the individual, the CDC recommends adults aged 18-60 years get seven or more hours of sleep per night.</li><li>Diet and nutrition – Practicing self-discipline and avoiding “emotional eating” due to stress that may be related to the changes surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is imperative. Whole foods like dark, leafy greens, as well as other colorful fruits and vegetables, are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Many herbs and seasonings bolster the immune system as well. Adding whole grains to your everyday meal plan is always a good idea. Make it a habit to try to eat more nutritious foods instead of highly processed snacks or fast food.</li><li>Self-care – We’ve heard a lot about self-care during the past 18 months. Consider practicing meditation, relaxation techniques, or spending quality time with family to help promote overall wellness. Find a positive coping mechanism that works for you. Perhaps it is spending time with your hobby like playing the piano, reading, or creating something with wood or fabric.&nbsp;</li><li>Stay connected – Our busy lives before COVID-19 may have limited how often we connected with distant loved ones. Take time to utilize the multitude of technologies that can help you stay in touch with those you love.&nbsp;</li>
 </ul>Continue to be diligent in your personal hygiene with regular handwashing and wearing a mask when in crowded public places. Stay healthy and safe in the weeks ahead!Donna Krug is the District Director and Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Lifestyle tips to stay healthy during the andemic

Peonies are a favorite perennial of gardeners because of their beauty and low maintenance. In Kansas, peonies provide a beautiful display of flowers each spring before Memorial Day. Though peonies can be left in place indefinitely, many gardeners wish to increase their plantings and use a process known as division to accomplish this. Keep in mind, however, that peonies often take about three years to return to full bloom and size after division. Fall is the traditional time to divide these plants. Peonies are essentially dormant by mid-August even though the foliage is still green. The first step in division is to remove the foliage. Then dig out the entire plant. Shake and wash off as much soil as possible so that the pink buds or "eyes" are visible. Peony roots are tough, and a sharp knife is needed to cut the roots into separate pieces. Make sure each division has three to four buds. Make sure the location chosen for planting receives at least a half-day of full sun. However, the more sun, the better. Space the plants so that there is at least 2 feet between dwarf types and 4 feet between the standard types. Follow the same rules for planting these divisions as you do for new plants. Make sure the pink buds are about 1 inch below the soil surface. If they are set more than 2 inches deep, flowering may be delayed or completely prevented. As you set the plants, firm soil often as it is added around the plant. If the soil is not firmed, it can settle and pull the plant down with it. Water in well after planting and water as necessary through the fall and winter to keep the soil moist. &nbsp; It is often a good idea to add mulch to the new planting to protect it from heaving. The alternate freezing and thawing that commonly occurs during Kansas winters can "heave" weakly rooted plants out of the ground. Add a mulch of straw, leaves, compost or other material after the soil freezes. Remember, it is not the cold that harms these plants but the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Peonies are a favorite perennial of gardeners because of their beauty and low maintenance. In Kansas, peonies provide a beautiful display of flowers each spring before Memorial Day. Though peonies can be left in place indefinitely, many gardeners wish to increase their plantings and use a process known as division to accomplish this. Keep in mind, however, that peonies often take about three years to return to full bloom and size after division. Fall is the traditional time to divide these plants. Peonies are essentially dormant by mid-August even though the foliage is still green. The first step in division is to remove the foliage. Then dig out the entire plant. Shake and wash off as much soil as possible so that the pink buds or "eyes" are visible. Peony roots are tough, and a sharp knife is needed to cut the roots into separate pieces. Make sure each division has three to four buds. Make sure the location chosen for planting receives at least a half-day of full sun. However, the more sun, the better. Space the plants so that there is at least 2 feet between dwarf types and 4 feet between the standard types. Follow the same rules for planting these divisions as you do for new plants. Make sure the pink buds are about 1 inch below the soil surface. If they are set more than 2 inches deep, flowering may be delayed or completely prevented. As you set the plants, firm soil often as it is added around the plant. If the soil is not firmed, it can settle and pull the plant down with it. Water in well after planting and water as necessary through the fall and winter to keep the soil moist. &nbsp; It is often a good idea to add mulch to the new planting to protect it from heaving. The alternate freezing and thawing that commonly occurs during Kansas winters can "heave" weakly rooted plants out of the ground. Add a mulch of straw, leaves, compost or other material after the soil freezes. Remember, it is not the cold that harms these plants but the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.

FICK: Dividing peonies

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District agent Bernie Unruh shares details about the Let's Walk Water Wednesday event.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

<div><iframe title="Let's Walk Water Wednesday opportunity to learn about the local water supply" allowtransparency="true" height="300" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=r5btb-10b0f6d-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&btn-skin=3267a3&size=300" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Post Podcast, Cottonwood Extension District agent Bernie Unruh shares details about the Let's Walk Water Wednesday event.<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a><figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/7/1627050941489.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>

🎙Post Podcast: Let's Walk Water event set for Wednesday

BY STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

Typically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.&nbsp;

Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.&nbsp;

For further details of the cultural practices of the plot go to our web site at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;This demonstration wheat plot&nbsp;should not be used solely&nbsp;for making your variety selection decisions, it is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the field day.

Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in 4 different spots in the field, all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe &amp; leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned.&nbsp; A good resource is “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings – MF991” publication that is updated yearly, it will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.

Many thanks to L &amp; N Farming, Victoria – Norbert and Leon Kuhn for their many years of making this plot possible!! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Astra Bank, Bank of Hays, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Lang Diesel, 1st&nbsp;Kansas Bank, Kippes Insurance Agency, Midland Marketing, Sunflower Bank, United Ag Service and A &amp; A Coors.&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578070283981.png" alt="Stacy Campbell&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>BY STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension DistrictTypically, wheat growers will keep back enough of their wheat seed to plant again, but also they may be looking to replace a variety in an effort to reduce seed borne diseases, and to improve genetics for various factors including but not limited to yield and disease prevention.&nbsp;Each year many county agents put out wheat variety demonstration plots and conduct field days to view and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of varieties and wheat production issues. Most demonstration plots are also harvested.&nbsp;For further details of the cultural practices of the plot go to our web site at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu/">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;This demonstration wheat plot&nbsp;should not be used solely&nbsp;for making your variety selection decisions, it is more for showing and talking about the varieties each year at the field day.Instead I would highly encourage growers to make your variety selection decisions based on the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations replicated wheat performance tests. They are randomized replicated trials, meaning each variety is randomly planted in 4 different spots in the field, all seed is either foundation or registered. Replicated field trials will account for or smooth out the variability within a field, and thus are more accurate. These results from the K-State Agricultural Experiment Stations can also be found on our web site.&nbsp;&nbsp;Yield should not be the only consideration in your selection, and multiple years of data should be considered. Some other important considerations are stripe &amp; leaf rust resistance, drought tolerance, winter hardiness, straw strength, shattering reputation, maturity and test weight. Each grower may differ some in what is most important to them and may add other considerations not mentioned.&nbsp; A good resource is “Wheat Variety Disease and Insect Ratings – MF991” publication that is updated yearly, it will be posted on our web site as well, click onto Crops and Livestock, and look under Hot Topics.Many thanks to L &amp; N Farming, Victoria – Norbert and Leon Kuhn for their many years of making this plot possible!! And to the following businesses for sponsoring the field day meal – Astra Bank, Bank of Hays, Carrico Implement, Commerce Bank, Emprise Bank, Golden Belt Bank, Golden Belt Coop, Gorham State Bank, High Plains Farm Credit, Lang Diesel, 1st&nbsp;Kansas Bank, Kippes Insurance Agency, Midland Marketing, Sunflower Bank, United Ag Service and A &amp; A Coors.&nbsp;&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/8/1628179839014.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>

CAMPBELL: Ellis Co. wheat variety demonstration plot

The Best Bread recipe had very positive comments and the public could not wait to receive the recipe for the Best Cookie. Congratulations to Logan Leiker and thank you for sharing your recipe. Next week will feature a Cocoa Chiffon Cake exhibited by Kaylee Schumacher. What great bakers we are raising in Ellis County 4-H!&nbsp;

German Chocolate Cookies by Logan Leiker

Ingredients for the cookies:

1/3 cup unsweetened Dutch-process cocoa powder

1 stick (4 ounces) unsalted butter, at cool room temperature

½ heaping cup sweetened shredded coconut

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.&nbsp; Line baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats. &nbsp;

In a medium bowl, sift together the flour, cocoa powder, baking powder and salt.

In the bowl of an electric mixer, beat the butter, brown sugar and granulated sugar on medium-high speed until well combined and smooth.&nbsp; Add the egg, egg yolk, and vanilla and beat until combined.&nbsp; On low speed gradually add the flour mixture.&nbsp; Fold in the chocolate chips with a rubber spatula.

Using a medium spring-loaded cookie scoop, drop the dough by 1 ½ tablespoon rounds onto the prepared baking sheets.

Bake for about 10 minutes or until the cookies are set.&nbsp; Let cool on baking sheets for 10 minutes before removing the cookies to wire racks to cool completely.

In a small saucepan set over medium heat combine the milk, sugar, egg yolk and butter.&nbsp; Cook, stirring frequently until the mixture has thickened about 10 minutes.&nbsp; Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla, coconut and pecans.&nbsp; Let cool until thick enough to spread on top of the cooled cookies.

Drizzle the melted chocolate all over the cookies.&nbsp; Let everything set for at least 15 minutes before serving.&nbsp; Cookies are best served the day they’re made.

For more information about the 4-H Program in Ellis County, check out the Cottonwood District Extension web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a> or contact the Cottonwood District Extension office in Hays, 601 Main Street, Hays, KS or email Susan Schlichting at <a href="mailto:sschlich@ksu.edu">sschlich@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Best Bread recipe had very positive comments and the public could not wait to receive the recipe for the Best Cookie. Congratulations to Logan Leiker and thank you for sharing your recipe. Next week will feature a Cocoa Chiffon Cake exhibited by Kaylee Schumacher. What great bakers we are raising in Ellis County 4-H!&nbsp;German Chocolate Cookies by Logan LeikerIngredients for the cookies:1 ¼ cups all-purpose flour1/3 cup unsweetened Dutch-process cocoa powder1 teaspoon baking powder¼ teaspoon salt1 stick (4 ounces) unsalted butter, at cool room temperature¾ cup lightly packed dark brown sugar¼ cup granulated sugar1 large egg1 large egg yolk½ teaspoon vanilla extract1 cup semisweet chocolate chipsIngredients for the topping:½ cup evaporated milk½ cup granulated sugar1 large egg yolk4 tablespoons (2 ounces) unsalted butter½ teaspoon vanilla extract½ heaping cup sweetened shredded coconut½ cup chopped pecans2 ounces semisweet chocolate, meltedDirections:Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.&nbsp; Line baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats. &nbsp;In a medium bowl, sift together the flour, cocoa powder, baking powder and salt.In the bowl of an electric mixer, beat the butter, brown sugar and granulated sugar on medium-high speed until well combined and smooth.&nbsp; Add the egg, egg yolk, and vanilla and beat until combined.&nbsp; On low speed gradually add the flour mixture.&nbsp; Fold in the chocolate chips with a rubber spatula.Using a medium spring-loaded cookie scoop, drop the dough by 1 ½ tablespoon rounds onto the prepared baking sheets.Bake for about 10 minutes or until the cookies are set.&nbsp; Let cool on baking sheets for 10 minutes before removing the cookies to wire racks to cool completely.For the topping:In a small saucepan set over medium heat combine the milk, sugar, egg yolk and butter.&nbsp; Cook, stirring frequently until the mixture has thickened about 10 minutes.&nbsp; Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla, coconut and pecans.&nbsp; Let cool until thick enough to spread on top of the cooled cookies.Drizzle the melted chocolate all over the cookies.&nbsp; Let everything set for at least 15 minutes before serving.&nbsp; Cookies are best served the day they’re made.For more information about the 4-H Program in Ellis County, check out the Cottonwood District Extension web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a> or contact the Cottonwood District Extension office in Hays, 601 Main Street, Hays, KS or email Susan Schlichting at <a href="mailto:sschlich@ksu.edu">sschlich@ksu.edu</a>	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: 2021 Ellis County Fair Best Cookie

Shiny red tomatoes and fresh green beans are showing up at farmer’s markets, reminding us that it is time to get the canner out of the cupboard.&nbsp; Common questions at this time of year at the Extension Office relate to the recommended canning practices.&nbsp; Whether you are canning for the first time or have years of experience, it is a good idea to reinforce correct procedures. &nbsp; &nbsp;

K-State Research and Extension has provided hands-on food preservation workshops in the past.&nbsp; We learned how to dry fruit and herbs, can carrots and salsa and made jelly a couple of different ways.&nbsp; Care was taken to follow food safety practices with all of the recipes we prepared.&nbsp; The book “So Easy to Preserve” from the University of Georgia, is a wonderful guide with question and answer sections at the end of each chapter. &nbsp;

People are always looking for shortcuts when food preservation is concerned.&nbsp; Unless food is preserved in some manner, it begins to spoil soon after it is harvested.&nbsp; This spoilage is caused by microorganisms; physical damage such as bruising, water loss, or punctures; or by chemical changes such as those caused by enzymes.&nbsp; Enzymes are the chemical substances in foods that help them to grow and mature.&nbsp; If the enzymes in fruits and vegetables are not inactivated, they continue to work after harvest, causing flavor and texture changes.&nbsp; Enzymes can be inactivated by blanching, which is a quick method when the food is held at boiling temperatures for a specified period of time.

Blanching is something many people want to skip, but I encourage them not to.&nbsp; Blanching just takes a few minutes.&nbsp; Once the food has been held in boiling water for a few minute, (usually less than 5) you will want to put it in ice water for the same number of minutes.&nbsp; It is an important step that should not be skipped.

Please note that some foods may be better suited for canning; others for freezing or drying.&nbsp; Consider how you would prefer to store your finished products, how much it will cost, and how your family will like the product. &nbsp;

Remember, we have several excellent publications available for specific vegetables and fruits you may want to preserve. You can access these resources by visiting the KSRE web site and clicking on the food link and then food preservation. As I was checking out some of the publications earlier this week, I noticed there are several publications that address home canning for special diets.

Remember, too, we have a testing device in each of our Cottonwood Extension offices to check the accuracy of your pressure canner gauge. A dial gauge can be checked in a matter of minutes, so give me a call the Great Bend office or Berny a call in Hays and we can set up a time to test your gauge.&nbsp;

Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Shiny red tomatoes and fresh green beans are showing up at farmer’s markets, reminding us that it is time to get the canner out of the cupboard.&nbsp; Common questions at this time of year at the Extension Office relate to the recommended canning practices.&nbsp; Whether you are canning for the first time or have years of experience, it is a good idea to reinforce correct procedures. &nbsp; &nbsp;K-State Research and Extension has provided hands-on food preservation workshops in the past.&nbsp; We learned how to dry fruit and herbs, can carrots and salsa and made jelly a couple of different ways.&nbsp; Care was taken to follow food safety practices with all of the recipes we prepared.&nbsp; The book “So Easy to Preserve” from the University of Georgia, is a wonderful guide with question and answer sections at the end of each chapter. &nbsp;People are always looking for shortcuts when food preservation is concerned.&nbsp; Unless food is preserved in some manner, it begins to spoil soon after it is harvested.&nbsp; This spoilage is caused by microorganisms; physical damage such as bruising, water loss, or punctures; or by chemical changes such as those caused by enzymes.&nbsp; Enzymes are the chemical substances in foods that help them to grow and mature.&nbsp; If the enzymes in fruits and vegetables are not inactivated, they continue to work after harvest, causing flavor and texture changes.&nbsp; Enzymes can be inactivated by blanching, which is a quick method when the food is held at boiling temperatures for a specified period of time.Blanching is something many people want to skip, but I encourage them not to.&nbsp; Blanching just takes a few minutes.&nbsp; Once the food has been held in boiling water for a few minute, (usually less than 5) you will want to put it in ice water for the same number of minutes.&nbsp; It is an important step that should not be skipped.Please note that some foods may be better suited for canning; others for freezing or drying.&nbsp; Consider how you would prefer to store your finished products, how much it will cost, and how your family will like the product. &nbsp;Remember, we have several excellent publications available for specific vegetables and fruits you may want to preserve. You can access these resources by visiting the KSRE web site and clicking on the food link and then food preservation. As I was checking out some of the publications earlier this week, I noticed there are several publications that address home canning for special diets.Remember, too, we have a testing device in each of our Cottonwood Extension offices to check the accuracy of your pressure canner gauge. A dial gauge can be checked in a matter of minutes, so give me a call the Great Bend office or Berny a call in Hays and we can set up a time to test your gauge.&nbsp;Donna Krug is the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent and District Director for the Cottonwood Extension District – Great Bend Office. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;

KRUG: Food preservation is a hot topic

If there are areas of the garden that are done producing, chop and shred residue in preparation for tilling. If soils are wet, wait a few days so the soil is no longer muddy. Tilling in residue allows plant material to decompose and helps reduce insect and disease problems for the next year. Also, consider using a cover crop to hold the soil and increase the organic matter content of the soil. Small grains such as wheat should be seeded at 3/4 to 1 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet from mid-September to late October. &nbsp;Spring oats can also be seeded until mid-September but the rate should be 2 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet. &nbsp;Spring oats will winter kill and can be tilled under in the spring. &nbsp;Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch, alfalfa, and sweet clover provide an additional benefit by "fixing" nitrogen, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. Each of these should be seeded at about 1/4 to ½ pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet of garden. Sweetclover should be seeded from August to early September and hairy vetch and alfalfa from mid-August to late September. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>If there are areas of the garden that are done producing, chop and shred residue in preparation for tilling. If soils are wet, wait a few days so the soil is no longer muddy. Tilling in residue allows plant material to decompose and helps reduce insect and disease problems for the next year. Also, consider using a cover crop to hold the soil and increase the organic matter content of the soil. Small grains such as wheat should be seeded at 3/4 to 1 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet from mid-September to late October. &nbsp;Spring oats can also be seeded until mid-September but the rate should be 2 to 4 pounds per 1,000 square feet. &nbsp;Spring oats will winter kill and can be tilled under in the spring. &nbsp;Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch, alfalfa, and sweet clover provide an additional benefit by "fixing" nitrogen, thereby increasing the fertility of the soil. Each of these should be seeded at about 1/4 to ½ pounds of seed per 1,000 square feet of garden. Sweetclover should be seeded from August to early September and hairy vetch and alfalfa from mid-August to late September. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Preparing the vegetable garden for next year

Following the Ellis County Fair, we always invite the champions to share their prize-winning recipes.

The Best Bread award was won by Mary Elizabeth (Lizzy) Vajnar. Next week the Best Cookie by Logan Leiker will be featured. Congratulations to both of these 4-H members on their hard work in the 4-H foods project.

Add the following (in order listed) into bread machine pan: · ¾ cup + 2 TB of 80 degrees F water · 1 TB vegetable oil · 1 TB sugar · 1 tsp salt · 2 ¼ cup bread flour · 1 ½ tsp active dry yeast (add to small indention in flour)

Program bread machine for a French Course (For Breadman Pro the French Course is 5); press start.

After bread machine has kneaded twice (25 minutes), rose twice (70 minutes), pull dough from the machine. Form dough into loaf. (Press into 12 in. x 8 in. rectangle. Roll to form loaf. Pinch ends under.)

Cover with oiled plastic wrap and let rise in warm place till doubled (60 minutes).

Combine 1 TB water and egg-white. Brush with pastry brush over top of loaf.

Decorate with sunflower kernels on top of loaf and slice top of loaf diagonally 3-4 times.

Bake at 375 degrees F for 20 minutes. Remove from oven and coat with melted butter.

For more information about joining the 4-H program in Ellis County, check out the Cottonwood District Extension web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>. You may also contact the Cottonwood District Extension office in Hays, 601 Main, Hays, KS or email Susan Schlichting at sschlich@ksu.edu.

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>Following the Ellis County Fair, we always invite the champions to share their prize-winning recipes.The Best Bread award was won by Mary Elizabeth (Lizzy) Vajnar. Next week the Best Cookie by Logan Leiker will be featured. Congratulations to both of these 4-H members on their hard work in the 4-H foods project.French Loaf by Lizzy VajnarAdd the following (in order listed) into bread machine pan: · ¾ cup + 2 TB of 80 degrees F water · 1 TB vegetable oil · 1 TB sugar · 1 tsp salt · 2 ¼ cup bread flour · 1 ½ tsp active dry yeast (add to small indention in flour)Program bread machine for a French Course (For Breadman Pro the French Course is 5); press start.After bread machine has kneaded twice (25 minutes), rose twice (70 minutes), pull dough from the machine. Form dough into loaf. (Press into 12 in. x 8 in. rectangle. Roll to form loaf. Pinch ends under.)Cover with oiled plastic wrap and let rise in warm place till doubled (60 minutes).Combine 1 TB water and egg-white. Brush with pastry brush over top of loaf.Decorate with sunflower kernels on top of loaf and slice top of loaf diagonally 3-4 times.Bake at 375 degrees F for 20 minutes. Remove from oven and coat with melted butter.For more information about joining the 4-H program in Ellis County, check out the Cottonwood District Extension web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>. You may also contact the Cottonwood District Extension office in Hays, 601 Main, Hays, KS or email Susan Schlichting at sschlich@ksu.edu.Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District. She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at bunruh@ksu.edu.

Unruh: 2021 best bread

On this episode of the Post Podcast Cottonwood Extension District intern Mattie Rossi shares information about her experience along with district agent Susan Schlichting.

<div><iframe title="Cottonwood Extension District intern recounts her summer experience" allowtransparency="true" height="600" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=9c6xh-10a1798-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=3267a3&font-color=auto&btn-skin=3267a3&size=600" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the Post Podcast Cottonwood Extension District intern Mattie Rossi shares information about her experience along with district agent Susan Schlichting. <a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">To find out more about The Post Podcast, or subscribe to mobile&nbsp;</a><a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/5dd2f46c897d147ad4bb104b">notifications click here.</a>

🎙Post Podcast: Cottonwood Extension District intern recounts her summer experience

Wheatland Electric Cooperative, Inc. announced today that its Sharing Success Fund, managed by the Scott Community Foundation, has awarded a $1,000 grant to the Cottonwood Extension District in Great Bend.

The Sharing Success grant funds will be used toward the purchase of appliances for a meeting room in the new Extension District office. The meeting room will be used to create an area where youth and adult groups alike can learn nutrition and food preparation, says Donna Krug, district director. As Krug explains, a variety of other classes taught at the Cottonwood Extension District require the use of a stove and refrigerator, such as Babysitting 101, that strive to improve the quality of life for low-income families in Barton County.

The Scott Community Foundation began formally accepting applications for grants from the Wheatland Electric Sharing Success Fund from non-profit organizations on December 1, 2012. Wheatland Electric and CoBank have each contributed $10,000 this year to the fund. The program will continue to run until the funds are exhausted.

Non-profit groups interested in receiving funding from the Wheatland Electric Sharing Success Fund can apply online at https://www.weci.net/sharing-success-program. Questions should be referred to Alli Conine, Manager of Member Services &amp; Corporate Communications, at 620-874-4563 or aconine@weci.net.

About Us Our Mission: Delivering Energy for Life – Wheatland Electric Cooperative, Inc., a member owned distribution cooperative headquartered in Scott City, KS, was established in 1948 as a distribution and power cooperative, in the state of Kansas. Today, Wheatland Electric serves more than 33,000 electric meters in 14 Kansas counties and 3 Colorado counties and maintains over 4,000 miles of distribution power lines across western, southcentral Kansas and eastern Colorado. Together, with the help of our members, we are committed to building a better and stronger rural America. Visit www.weci.net for more information.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/7/1627390307174.jpeg" alt="Alli Conine (right), manager of member services &amp; corporate communications at Wheatland Electric, presents a $1,000 Sharing Success grant to staff of the Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>Alli Conine (right), manager of member services &amp; corporate communications at Wheatland Electric, presents a $1,000 Sharing Success grant to staff of the Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>BUSINESS NEWSWheatland Electric Cooperative, Inc. announced today that its Sharing Success Fund, managed by the Scott Community Foundation, has awarded a $1,000 grant to the Cottonwood Extension District in Great Bend.The Sharing Success grant funds will be used toward the purchase of appliances for a meeting room in the new Extension District office. The meeting room will be used to create an area where youth and adult groups alike can learn nutrition and food preparation, says Donna Krug, district director. As Krug explains, a variety of other classes taught at the Cottonwood Extension District require the use of a stove and refrigerator, such as Babysitting 101, that strive to improve the quality of life for low-income families in Barton County.The Scott Community Foundation began formally accepting applications for grants from the Wheatland Electric Sharing Success Fund from non-profit organizations on December 1, 2012. Wheatland Electric and CoBank have each contributed $10,000 this year to the fund. The program will continue to run until the funds are exhausted.Non-profit groups interested in receiving funding from the Wheatland Electric Sharing Success Fund can apply online at https://www.weci.net/sharing-success-program. Questions should be referred to Alli Conine, Manager of Member Services &amp; Corporate Communications, at 620-874-4563 or aconine@weci.net.About Us Our Mission: Delivering Energy for Life – Wheatland Electric Cooperative, Inc., a member owned distribution cooperative headquartered in Scott City, KS, was established in 1948 as a distribution and power cooperative, in the state of Kansas. Today, Wheatland Electric serves more than 33,000 electric meters in 14 Kansas counties and 3 Colorado counties and maintains over 4,000 miles of distribution power lines across western, southcentral Kansas and eastern Colorado. Together, with the help of our members, we are committed to building a better and stronger rural America. Visit www.weci.net for more information.

Cottonwood Extension receives $1K grant from Wheatland Electric

Newly planted trees have not established the extensive root system needed to absorb enough water during hot, dry, windy summers. Even trees two or three years old should receive special care. Deep, infrequent watering and mulching can help trees become established. Newly transplanted trees need at least 10 gallons of water per week, and on sandy soils, they will need that much applied twice a week. The secret is getting that water to soak deeply into the soil, so it evaporates more slowly and is available to the tree’s roots longer. One way to do this is to drill a 1/8" hole in the side of a 5-gallon bucket and fill it with water. The hole should be near the bottom of the bucket. &nbsp;Let the water dribble out slowly next to the tree. Refill the bucket once after moving it to the opposite side of the tree. &nbsp;After this bucket empties, you have applied 10 gallons. Very large transplanted trees and trees that were transplanted two to three years ago will require more water. A perforated soaker hose or drip irrigation can be used to water a newly established bed or foundation planting. In sunbaked soil, you may need to rough up the surface with a hoe or tiller to get water to infiltrate easily. It may be helpful to set the kitchen oven timer, so you remember to move the hose or shut off the faucet. If you are seeing surface runoff, reduce the flow, or build a berm with at least a 4-foot &nbsp;diameter around the base of the tree to allow the water to percolate down through the soil, instead of spreading out. Regardless of the method used, the soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep. Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post, or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Newly planted trees have not established the extensive root system needed to absorb enough water during hot, dry, windy summers. Even trees two or three years old should receive special care. Deep, infrequent watering and mulching can help trees become established. Newly transplanted trees need at least 10 gallons of water per week, and on sandy soils, they will need that much applied twice a week. The secret is getting that water to soak deeply into the soil, so it evaporates more slowly and is available to the tree’s roots longer. One way to do this is to drill a 1/8" hole in the side of a 5-gallon bucket and fill it with water. The hole should be near the bottom of the bucket. &nbsp;Let the water dribble out slowly next to the tree. Refill the bucket once after moving it to the opposite side of the tree. &nbsp;After this bucket empties, you have applied 10 gallons. Very large transplanted trees and trees that were transplanted two to three years ago will require more water. A perforated soaker hose or drip irrigation can be used to water a newly established bed or foundation planting. In sunbaked soil, you may need to rough up the surface with a hoe or tiller to get water to infiltrate easily. It may be helpful to set the kitchen oven timer, so you remember to move the hose or shut off the faucet. If you are seeing surface runoff, reduce the flow, or build a berm with at least a 4-foot &nbsp;diameter around the base of the tree to allow the water to percolate down through the soil, instead of spreading out. Regardless of the method used, the soil should be wet at least 12 inches deep. Use a metal rod, wooden dowel, electric fence post, or something similar to check depth. Dry soil is much harder to push through than wet. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;