The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.

•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation.

The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! 

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently offered tips as the weather heats up this summer. With fair week upon us, here are some reminders.•Stay Cool! •Wear Appropriate Clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting clothing. •Stay Cool Indoors: Stay in an air-conditioned place as much as possible. If your home does not have air conditioning, go to the shopping mall or public library—even a few hours spent in air conditioning can help your body stay cooler when you go back into the heat.&nbsp;Use your stove and oven less to maintain a cooler temperature in your home. •Schedule Outdoor Activities Carefully:&nbsp;Try to limit your outdoor activity to when it’s coolest, like morning and evening hours. Rest often in shady areas so that your body has a chance to recover.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Pace Yourself:&nbsp;Cut down on exercise during the heat. If you’re not accustomed to working or exercising in a hot environment, start slowly and pick up the pace gradually. If exertion in the heat makes your heart pound and leaves you gasping for breath, STOP all activity. Get into a cool area or into the shade, and rest, especially if you become lightheaded, confused, weak, or faint.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Wear Sunscreen:&nbsp;Sunburn affects your body’s ability to cool down and can make you dehydrated. If you must go outdoors, protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher 30 minutes prior to going out. Continue to reapply it according to the package directions.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tip: Look for sunscreens that say “broad spectrum” or “UVA/UVB protection” on their labels- these products work best. •Do Not Leave Children in Cars: Cars can quickly heat up to dangerous temperatures, even with a window cracked open. While anyone left in a parked car is at risk, children are especially at risk of getting a heat stroke or dying.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Avoid Hot and Heavy Meals: They add heat to your body!&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Hydrated:&nbsp;Drink Plenty of Fluids: Drink more fluids, regardless of how active you are. Don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.&nbsp;Warning: If your doctor limits the amount you drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while the weather is hot.&nbsp;Stay away from very sugary or alcoholic drinks—these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps. •Replace Salt and Minerals: Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body that need to be replaced. A sports drink can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat. If you are on a low-salt diet, have diabetes, high blood pressure, or other chronic conditions, talk with your doctor before drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets. •Keep Your Pets Hydrated: Provide plenty of fresh water for your pets, and leave the water in a shady area.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Stay Informed:&nbsp;Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips and to learn about any cooling shelters in your area.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; •Know the Signs: Learn the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses and how to treat them.&nbsp;&nbsp; •Use a Buddy System:&nbsp;When working in the heat, monitor the condition of your co-workers and have someone do the same for you. Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose consciousness. If you are 65 years of age or older, have a friend or relative call to check on you twice a day during a heat wave. If you know someone in this age group, check on them at least twice a day. •Monitor Those at High Risk: Although anyone at any time can suffer from heat-related illness, some people are at greater risk than others: &nbsp;· Infants and young children · People 65 years of age or older · People who are overweight · People who overexert during work or exercise · People who are physically ill, especially with heart disease or high blood pressure, or who take certain medications, such as for depression, insomnia, or poor circulation. The Ellis County Fair does have air-conditioned buildings so please come in and get out of the heat if you need to. We also have sunscreen available donated by the Ellis County Cancer Council. We will have a mother’s room available if you want a private space to get out of the heat to feed your baby in the Unrein building! Have a great week.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Stay cool, stay hydrated, stay informed

Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.

When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.

If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”

For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.

Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:

· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes.

The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.

“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>Kansas State University food scientist Karen Blakeslee has several pointers for food safety tips during a power outage.When power is first lost, leave the door of the refrigerator and freezer closed to preserve cold temperatures as long as possible. “An unopened refrigerator will stay cold about four hours; a full freezer will hold temperature for about 48 hours,” Blakeslee said.If the power stays out for a longer period of time and the refrigerator is not staying cold, Blakeslee has some additional ideas for protecting food. “Coolers filled with ice are very helpful in an emergency,” Blakeslee said. “Make sure ice surrounds the food for the best chilling effect.”For food in the freezer, dry ice can be used if available – but thick gloves should always be worn when handling dry ice to prevent skin damage. Dry ice should then be kept in a ventilated area.Food spoilage may be unavoidable if the power outage is lengthy. Key factors that may be an indication of foodborne illness:· Color changes. · Unusual odors. · Texture changes. The most susceptible foods are meat, dairy, eggs and cut fruits and vegetables. Extra care should be taken when examining these food items. “Don’t taste any questionable food that has thawed out,” Blakeslee said. “When in doubt, throw it out.” Blakeslee pointed to a guide available online from the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service that outlines when to save and when to throw out potentially unsafe foods.“While throwing out food due to an appliance failure or power outage is wasteful, it is a lot cheaper to do than paying for medical treatment due to foodborne illness,” she said.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu.&nbsp;

WINKEL: Food safety tips during a power outage

When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. 

This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. 

Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. 

Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.

Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.

2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.

Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.

Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.

Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. 

Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. 

Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>When the aggressive nature of Palmer amaranth (pigweed) is combined with the limited post-emergence herbicide options in grain sorghum, problems often arise – even when an adequate preemergence herbicide program is used. This article covers post-emergence herbicide options for Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum. Combinations of the herbicides listed here will generally improve control, and all of the options are most effective when applied to small (under 4 inches tall) weeds. Atrazine can control sensitive populations of Palmer amaranth and can be combined with other herbicides to enhance effectiveness. Recommended rates range from 0.25 to 2.0 pounds of atrazine (0.5 to 4 pints). Atrazine should be applied with crop oil or surfactant to control emerged weeds. Atrazine can be applied to grain sorghum between 3-leaf and 12 inches or between 6 and 12 inches in western Kansas. Be sure to observe rate limits for your area.Aim (carfentrazone) is a Group 14 herbicide that can be applied to grain sorghum between 4 inches and boot stage. It is less effective than some of the other herbicides in this article and requires good coverage for maximum effectiveness. Aim can be tank-mixed with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, and Huskie. Aim is likely to burn grain sorghum leaves, especially if applied in hot, humid weather or with crop oil. Leaf burn will also be greater if Aim is applied with bromoxynil.2,4-D is an effective herbicide option to control Palmer amaranth. However, crop response should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Crop responses can include rolled leaves, lodging, and brittle stems. Grain sorghum is most tolerant of 2,4-D applications when it is 5 to 10 inches tall. Drop nozzles should be used when applying 2,4-D to grain sorghum greater than 8 inches. To reduce crop response, apply lower rates (2/3 pint) with atrazine, Aim, bromoxynil, or Huskie. Using crop oil in tank mixes with 2,4-D, will increase crop injury.Dicamba, at the rates used in grain sorghum (0.5 pint), may be less effective on Palmer amaranth than 2,4-D. It can be applied to grain sorghum between 2 and 15 inches. Drop nozzles should be used if grain sorghum is 8 inches or taller to avoid damaging seed heads. Crop response, including rolled leaves and lodging, should be expected, especially if applied in hot, humid conditions. Dicamba can be tank-mixed with Aim, atrazine, and bromoxynil.Bromoxynil can be applied from the 3-leaf stage through boot stage. Crop response will be less with bromoxynil than other herbicides, but bromoxynil alone will not control Palmer amaranth larger than 4-leaf. Adequate spray coverage is needed for maximum effectiveness.Huskie (pyrasulfutole+bromoxynil) is most effective when mixed with atrazine (up to 1 pound). When used alone, it can be applied between 3-leaf and 30 inches and should be applied with HSOC (high surfactant oil concentrate) or AMS + NIS. Huskie will cause leaf burn, which can be greater in fields where mesotrione was applied pre-emergence. As needed, Huskie plus atrazine may be tank-mixed with phenoxy broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba. Additional information can be found in the 2023 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1176 - <a href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf">https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/SRP1176.pdf</a>The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a crop production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at&nbsp;scampbel@ksu.edu&nbsp;or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Palmer amaranth control in grain sorghum

If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? 

Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. 

In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. 

You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:

· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression

The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. 

Instead, start by improving just one or two of your lifestyle choices. You might begin to walk during part of your lunch hour, park a little farther away at the store, or try a standing desk. 

Nudge yourself with one small habit at a time, and you can reap the rewards of a healthier lifestyle over time.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;krwinkel@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>If your doctor gave you a prescription for exercise, would you follow it? Exercise is like medicine for many reasons. Obviously, physical activity strengthens muscles, and it also prevents blood vessels from getting damaged and clogged. In turn, this helps prevent heart attacks, strokes, and even some types of dementia. In fact, regular exercise can be as good as medication at preventing diabetes and heart disease in at-risk people. And, it is even more effective than drugs for stroke recovery. You can realize both immediate and long-term benefits from physical activity. Some immediate benefits include:· better mood · improved memory · reduced fatigue · reduced anxiety and depression So, where do you begin? The first step in this change process: Be aware that you don’t have to make lots of changes in physical activity all at once. That can lead to feeling overwhelmed. Instead, start by improving just one or two of your lifestyle choices. You might begin to walk during part of your lunch hour, park a little farther away at the store, or try a standing desk. Nudge yourself with one small habit at a time, and you can reap the rewards of a healthier lifestyle over time.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or&nbsp;krwinkel@ksu.edu.

WINKEL: Small changes equal big rewards

While meat and poultry are popular choices for grilling, the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reminds us that cooking these foods with intense heat can lead to formation of potential carcinogens. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) form in meat when its proteins react to the intense heat of the grill. Studies have linked HCAs to development of cancer.

You can modify your grilling technique to reduce the chance of cancer risk. Marinating meat before grilling can decrease formation of HCAs. If you are grilling larger cuts of meat, pre-cook them partially to reduce the time meat is exposed to flame. Trim the fat from meat to reduce flare-ups and charring. Cut meat into smaller portions and mix with vegetables to shorten the cooking time. Another way to minimize cancer risk — grill more veggies!

Grilled vegetables and fruits are delicious, and they are key elements in a healthful diet. The bonus is they don’t form HCAs when cooked, so that cancer risk is eliminated. As you plan cookout meals this summer, include plenty of colorful grilled vegetables and fruits like asparagus, all types of peppers, squash, broccoli, tomatoes, onions, carrots, corn, mushrooms, eggplant, potatoes, mangoes, and pineapple. Even the pickiest eaters will usually enjoy some grilled pineapple! Grilled zucchini is one of my favorites and is a good way to get rid of those extra squash that are so prolific. Or try something new, like grilled lettuce!

Here are basic instructions for grilling veggies and fruit:

· Slice veggies the same thickness so they cook at the same rate.

· Drizzle or brush with olive oil before cooking

· Season simply with a sprinkle of salt, pepper, and any dried herbs you like.

· Grill over medium heat to start. To prevent veggies and fruit from slipping through the grates, lay them crosswise or use a grill basket.

· Close the lid to create the same environment as an oven. Flip halfway through cooking time. More dense vegetables, like peppers and onions, will cook in about 8 to 10 minutes. Squash, eggplant, and asparagus will only require 5 to 7 minutes.

· After removing vegetables and fruit from heat, you can add a splash of balsamic vinegar (flavored varieties add interest) and fresh herbs. Before adding herbs, you may need to add just a bit of olive oil.

One way to add flavor to meals from the grill is with a salsa side. There are so many combinations of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and seasonings to enjoy! So, don’t think of salsa as just a dip with chips. Almost anything savory, salty, meaty, fresh, or slightly sweet is even better with salsa on top: chicken, fish,&nbsp;steak, pork, lamb, or a baked potato. Top a salad with salsa and sliced chicken, boiled eggs, or tuna and you have a winning meal, especially in the heat of summer. Have you tried cucumber salsa? It is great on a salad!

Another benefit of grilling is cooking outside keeps the heat outside and not in your home. Cooking enough for leftovers during the weekend can help with busy weekdays between work and other activities. Grilling can offer a different flavor which can sometimes encourage family to try new foods. Grilling is easy and convenient so go ahead and try a new fruit or vegetable today!

Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>While meat and poultry are popular choices for grilling, the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) reminds us that cooking these foods with intense heat can lead to formation of potential carcinogens. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) form in meat when its proteins react to the intense heat of the grill. Studies have linked HCAs to development of cancer.You can modify your grilling technique to reduce the chance of cancer risk. Marinating meat before grilling can decrease formation of HCAs. If you are grilling larger cuts of meat, pre-cook them partially to reduce the time meat is exposed to flame. Trim the fat from meat to reduce flare-ups and charring. Cut meat into smaller portions and mix with vegetables to shorten the cooking time. Another way to minimize cancer risk — grill more veggies!Grilled vegetables and fruits are delicious, and they are key elements in a healthful diet. The bonus is they don’t form HCAs when cooked, so that cancer risk is eliminated. As you plan cookout meals this summer, include plenty of colorful grilled vegetables and fruits like asparagus, all types of peppers, squash, broccoli, tomatoes, onions, carrots, corn, mushrooms, eggplant, potatoes, mangoes, and pineapple. Even the pickiest eaters will usually enjoy some grilled pineapple! Grilled zucchini is one of my favorites and is a good way to get rid of those extra squash that are so prolific. Or try something new, like grilled lettuce!Here are basic instructions for grilling veggies and fruit:· Slice veggies the same thickness so they cook at the same rate.· Drizzle or brush with olive oil before cooking· Season simply with a sprinkle of salt, pepper, and any dried herbs you like.· Grill over medium heat to start. To prevent veggies and fruit from slipping through the grates, lay them crosswise or use a grill basket.· Close the lid to create the same environment as an oven. Flip halfway through cooking time. More dense vegetables, like peppers and onions, will cook in about 8 to 10 minutes. Squash, eggplant, and asparagus will only require 5 to 7 minutes.· After removing vegetables and fruit from heat, you can add a splash of balsamic vinegar (flavored varieties add interest) and fresh herbs. Before adding herbs, you may need to add just a bit of olive oil.One way to add flavor to meals from the grill is with a salsa side. There are so many combinations of fruits, vegetables, herbs, and seasonings to enjoy! So, don’t think of salsa as just a dip with chips. Almost anything savory, salty, meaty, fresh, or slightly sweet is even better with salsa on top: chicken, fish,&nbsp;steak, pork, lamb, or a baked potato. Top a salad with salsa and sliced chicken, boiled eggs, or tuna and you have a winning meal, especially in the heat of summer. Have you tried cucumber salsa? It is great on a salad!Another benefit of grilling is cooking outside keeps the heat outside and not in your home. Cooking enough for leftovers during the weekend can help with busy weekdays between work and other activities. Grilling can offer a different flavor which can sometimes encourage family to try new foods. Grilling is easy and convenient so go ahead and try a new fruit or vegetable today!Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Grilling fruits, vegetables

When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an ideal situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.

Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted-use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.

Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.

Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.

All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait for further delay applications to wait for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1162.

The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

When thinking about weed control in wheat stubble, there are two priorities – controlling already emerged weeds and preventing later flushes. Making applications before weeds exceed 4 to 6 inches is necessary for good control of already emerged weeds, in an ideal situation, which is hard to come by. Residual herbicides are needed to reduce the number of herbicide applications needed to control multiple flushes of weeds.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266615291.jpeg" alt="Stacy Campbell" />
 <figcaption>Stacy Campbell</figcaption>
 </figure>Gramoxone (paraquat) is a non-selective, contact herbicide that can be used in fallow fields. It should be applied at 0.5 to 1.0 pounds of paraquat/A, which is equal to 2 to 4 pints of GramoxoneSL 2.0 or 1.3 to 2.7 pints of GramoxoneSL 3.0. Thorough spray coverage is important for good control, which means medium to coarse droplet sizes and greater spray volumes (20 GPA or more). Gramoxone should be applied with NIS, COC, or MSO. Because paraquat is a contact herbicide regrowth is common, especially of large weeds. Adding a Group 5 herbicide, such as atrazine or metribuzin can enhance control of larger weeds and add some residual activity. Atrazine will also help control volunteer wheat. It’s also important to remember that paraquat is a restricted-use pesticide that requires additional training for handling.Sharpen (saflufenacil) is a Group 14 herbicide that is primarily a contact herbicide but also provides some residual activity. Use 2 to 3 oz/A for larger weeds and residual activity. Sharpen works best with the addition of methylated seed oil. Sharpen requires complete coverage so using 15 to 20 gallons/acre spray solution is important.Valor (flumioxazin) can provide contact and residual activity of key species like pigweeds. Valor EZ can be applied at 2 to 4 fl oz/A. Crop rotation should be considered when selecting the application rate. The 4 fl oz rate has a 4-month rotation interval for corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, and wheat; but lower rates have fewer restrictions. If targeting emerged weeds, NIS or COC should be included in the application.All herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds that are actively growing. This means it is necessary to wait for at least 2-3 inches of regrowth if weeds were cut off by the combine. It may be tempting to wait for further delay applications to wait for later weed flushes; however, consider including a product with residual activity, rather than waiting, in order to prevent poor control of large weeds. Additional information can be found in the 2021 Chemical Weed Control for Field Crops, Pastures, Rangeland, and Noncropland, K-State publication SRP-1162.The use of trade names is for clarity to readers and does not imply endorsement of a particular product, nor does exclusion imply non-approval. Always consult the herbicide label for the most current use requirements.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or calling 785-628-9430.

Campbell: Considerations for weed control following wheat harvest

By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood District

Do you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.

1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.

2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.

3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.

As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle.

 So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).

1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.

Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687379885179.png" alt="Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Karissa Winkel&nbsp;is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By KARISSA WINKEL KSRE-Cottonwood DistrictDo you have a hard time getting enough sleep in the summertime? You might blame an irregular schedule or longer days, but there are a few factors that science proves to lead to fewer zzz’s in the summertime.1. Reduced melatonin production. Longer days lead to greater sunlight exposure in the evenings. While this is great to help you fit in a walk, spend time in the garden, or catch a baseball game, evening light exposure delays the hormone production of melatonin. This results in difficulty falling asleep, and over time, it can decrease the amount of sleep you get each night.2. Increased core body temperature. The heat that accompanies the summer months often leads to an increased body temperature that suppresses your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. According to one study, restorative deep sleep is less in those who have a higher body temperature (1). This means that the vital processes of tissue repair, memory restoration, and immune system function may be reduced for those who can’t cool down at night.3. Age plays a role. Throughout the life cycle, sleep quality and quantity drastically decrease. This factor alone can result in fatigue, and the increased daylight hours of the summertime can add even more stress to the body. This change in daylight hours can throw off the body’s circadian rhythm resulting in earlier wake times of people ages 60+.As you can see, there are multiple culprits that affect the sleep cycle. So how do you combat the restlessness of summer? Practice consistency by closing curtains and dimming indoor lights. Adding this to your bedtime routine can boost melatonin production earlier in the evening. Avoid exercise two hours before bed. High levels of activity are likely to increase core body temperatures that inhibit sleep. Instead, try to workout earlier in the day and fight the heat in the evening with a cold shower. To top it off, create a comfortable environment by adjusting your thermostat to a temperature between 60-68 degrees for optimal sleeping conditions. Finally, soak up the sun early in the day! The body is highly sensitive to sunlight about an hour after waking up, and this exposure in the morning is key in regulating your circadian rhythm (2).1. National Library of Medicine. Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep.2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effects of light on circadian rhythms.Karissa Winkel is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at: 620-793-1910 or krwinkel@ksu.edu. K-State Research &amp; Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

WINKEL: Summertime sleeplessness

By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood District

Hearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.

The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.

“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”

Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.

“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.

Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.

“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”

He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.

And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.

“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.

“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”

To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.

“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.

Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.

“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.

More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension, Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER KSRE Cottonwood DistrictHearing the words “what a kind, compassionate child you’ve raised” is often one of the greatest compliments a parent can receive as they turn their young person out into the world.The foundation for this empathy, says Kansas State University child development specialist Bradford Wiles, happens early in life.“Children start to figure out that other people have different beliefs, thoughts and desires other than their own at about the age of three,” Wiles said. “This is a crucial time to teach them to appreciate and enjoy other people’s perspectives.”Before that, he said children can recognize differences in the way people dress or skin color, but they don’t have any opinions — positive or negative — about that.“As children grow up, they are exposed to our family, regional and local community cultures, and if your family culture is one of acceptance and embracing others, children will pick up on that,” Wiles said.Embracing others ties to the skill of empathy, Wiles said.“Empathy is being able to appreciate and understand someone else’s perspective; it’s putting yourself in their place, which is different than sympathy where you feel bad for others,” Wiles said. “Empathy is also different than tolerating something unpalatable.”He cited the example of how when sitting in a waiting room a person might tolerate overhearing a cell phone conversation, but those who can empathize have an appreciation for what is being discussed in that conversation even if it is something that they personally don’t have an experience with.And children who learn empathy at a young age often grow into adults who can navigate social situations and perform well as members of a team, Wiles said.“Research has shown that people who express empathy are able to better work with other people to solve problems in the workforce,” he said.So how is empathy developed?“It starts with family modeling; if you have friends from diverse backgrounds, make sure your children interact with them and it isn’t just people of different cultures,” Wiles said. “In the U.S. there tends to be a lack of empathy for people who are low income. For some, the perception is that poor people don’t work hard, and while that may be true for a small subset, the vast majority are working hard to maintain a level of poverty.”To help children cross those cultures Wiles encourages parents to demonstrate empathy by volunteering in the community or in school where children can see them engaging with others and modeling that all people have worth, even if they are different.“Through volunteer work, parents can demonstrate to children that all people have value, and they are richer for those interactions,” Wiles said.Another way to model empathy is to expose children to a wide range of books and have family discussions about the story, Wiles said. He explains that through books, children can be exposed to characters who are developmentally delayed or physically challenged, come from another culture or are from a different social class, among other differences.“One of the best things about books is that the characters provide early opportunities for a parent to facilitate a discussion with the child by asking ‘What do you think that character is thinking about?’ and that forces the child to engage in the process of empathy,” Wiles said.More information on child development is available online from K-State Research and Extension.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Help young children develop empathy

On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District agents Monique Koerner and Tamara Robertson discuss the 2023 Ellis County Fair.

<div><iframe title="Ellis County Fair preparations underway" allowtransparency="true" height="450" width="100%" style="border: none; min-width: min(100%, 430px);" scrolling="no" data-name="pb-iframe-player" src="https://www.podbean.com/player-v2/?i=2hi39-1441672-pb&from=pb6admin&square=1&share=1&download=1&rtl=0&fonts=Arial&skin=f6f6f6&font-color=auto&logo_link=podcast_page&btn-skin=3267a3&size=450" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>On this episode of the&nbsp;<a href="https://postpodcast.podbean.com/">Post Podcast</a>,&nbsp;Cottonwood Extension District agents Monique Koerner and Tamara Robertson discuss the 2023 Ellis County Fair.

🎙 Post Podcast: Ellis County Fair preparations underway

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension District

This week I had several of our 4-H Ambassadors assist me in preparing some publicity for the Barton County Fair. Natalie Williams and the Barton Country 4-H Ambassadors invite you to check out "Country Pride, County Wide at the Barton County Fair" happening July 5-9.

You can check out the full schedule for our many upcoming activities at the Barton County Fair at <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/">bartoncountyfair.com</a>.

Pre-fair events start with the fashion revue, fiber arts, and clothing construction judging on June 29. Jayla Wyant hopes that you will check out the results from these events during the fair dates July 5-9. We have a lot of creative 4-H members who have learned new skills all year and look forward sharing them with you.

Jonas Kern is one of the Barton County 4-H Ambassadors and reminds you that much of the 4-H judging will be completed on Wednesday, July 5th, and in the evening, we’ll hold our annual youth rally in the ring in Expo III. Thursday, July 6, we’ll start off our day with the Business Appreciation Breakfast and Chamber Coffee. All are welcome, and be sure to check out all of the great foods, photography, woodworking, entomology exhibits and much more.

Livestock shows are a regular part of many county fairs. Parker Dicks and the Barton County Ambassadors invite you to check out the swine show on Thursday at 9 a.m., horse halter classes on Thursday at 3 p.m., bucket calf show on Thursday at 6 p.m., the sheep and goat show on Friday at starting at 8 a.m., the beef show on Friday at 5 p.m., and the horse show on Saturday at 8 a.m.. Round Robin is an event where the top showman of each species compete against one another for the overall best showman or woman. Round Robin has been moved to Saturday, July 8 at 4 p.m.

As the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Agent in Barton County I want to say thank you to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! We also want to express our appreciation to the fair and award sponsors.

Come share our Country Pride, County Wide July 5th -9th at the Barton County Fair!

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension DistrictThis week I had several of our 4-H Ambassadors assist me in preparing some publicity for the Barton County Fair. Natalie Williams and the Barton Country 4-H Ambassadors invite you to check out "Country Pride, County Wide at the Barton County Fair" happening July 5-9.<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687551665761.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure> You can check out the full schedule for our many upcoming activities at the Barton County Fair at <a href="https://www.bartoncountyfair.com/">bartoncountyfair.com</a>.Pre-fair events start with the fashion revue, fiber arts, and clothing construction judging on June 29. Jayla Wyant hopes that you will check out the results from these events during the fair dates July 5-9. We have a lot of creative 4-H members who have learned new skills all year and look forward sharing them with you.Jonas Kern is one of the Barton County 4-H Ambassadors and reminds you that much of the 4-H judging will be completed on Wednesday, July 5th, and in the evening, we’ll hold our annual youth rally in the ring in Expo III. Thursday, July 6, we’ll start off our day with the Business Appreciation Breakfast and Chamber Coffee. All are welcome, and be sure to check out all of the great foods, photography, woodworking, entomology exhibits and much more.Livestock shows are a regular part of many county fairs. Parker Dicks and the Barton County Ambassadors invite you to check out the swine show on Thursday at 9 a.m., horse halter classes on Thursday at 3 p.m., bucket calf show on Thursday at 6 p.m., the sheep and goat show on Friday at starting at 8 a.m., the beef show on Friday at 5 p.m., and the horse show on Saturday at 8 a.m.. Round Robin is an event where the top showman of each species compete against one another for the overall best showman or woman. Round Robin has been moved to Saturday, July 8 at 4 p.m.As the Cottonwood Extension District 4-H Agent in Barton County I want to say thank you to the Barton County Fair Association, the Friends of the Fair group, and superintendents for their countless hours! We also want to express our appreciation to the fair and award sponsors.Come share our Country Pride, County Wide July 5th -9th at the Barton County Fair!Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: It’s just about fair week in Barton County

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

There is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.

In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience.

First, make sure everything is working properly. 

Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Handwashing is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. 

Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. 

Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. 

The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.

As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.

After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.

Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.

And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. 

These are some questions to ask yourself:

• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.

• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.

• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.

Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522176561.png" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension DistrictThere is nothing like the taste of fresh vegetables that come straight to the table from the garden, and often when there is a produce surplus folks turn to processing options such as freezing or canning to make it last throughout the year.In anticipation of that summer season, I would like to offer tips on how to have a successful canning experience.First, make sure everything is working properly. Canning jars and rings should be free from cracks and no rust on the rings. Handwashing is recommended to keep them from rusting prematurely. Lids, however, cannot be used more than once. Next, make sure your canner is in good working order. Dial gauge canners need their valves and gauge checked. Your local extension office can test the gauge for Presto, National, Maid of Honor and Magic Seal canners. Check the seal between the pot and lid, looking for cracks or dried rubber. If the seal isn’t good then the canner will not get to the proper pressure. The rubber plug can also wear out and sometimes need replaced.As far as preparing the food, it is recommended to remove the peels to prevent unintended bacteria growth.After the jars have been processed, they should be placed on a towel on the counter in an isolated place, with no drafts and allowed to cool down naturally.Finally, write the date the food was canned on the lid before putting them in storage. It is recommended that jars be used within one year and rotate them out for next year’s supply.And just a reminder about canning recipes. Information about food comes at us from many directions. We might scroll through Facebook, Pinterest or another social media platform and be attracted by a new recipe. Most of the time, recipes for main courses or desserts will not pose food safety risks. Maybe a friend told you about a new canning method. Food preservation recipes that have not been tested for safety could be harmful, or even deadly if the canned food contains the toxin that causes botulism. These are some questions to ask yourself:• Who is the author of the research or publication? The U.S. Department of Agriculture and universities have conducted reputable food preservation research.• Is the food preservation information based on current scientific research or opinion? Outdated canning recipes should be retired. An exception: if ingredient amounts and processing times are exactly the same as current food preservation recipes, they could be used.• Where did you find the information? Examine the URL on the website. Does it end with “.edu” (indicating a university or other educational organization) or “.gov” (indicating a government site)? Universities and government sources are credible sources of food preservation information.Please make sure your canning recipes are from credible sources before trying them. While home canning can be a safe and convenient way to store food, it must be done safely.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Tips for safe canning

Battle of the Businesses 2023 went from June 5th to June 16th to fill the food pantry at First Call for Help,607 E. 13th, Hays.

Each business oversaw promoting themselves any way they chose. They could post on social medias, do radio advertisements, and some even did promotional deals.

The top overall contributor was Simply Charmed of downtown Hays, owned by Sarah Cearley-Windholz.&nbsp; Simply Charmed received and donated 444 non-expired/non-perishable goods. Goods were anything from canned veggies and meats to cereal or condiments. The items differed vastly which is great for our food pantry. Our pantry was VERY empty and now it’s full for the first time in years!

St. Joseph’s Church has a food pantry, in the building that was previously Kennedy Middle School,  that supplies us with food boxes each month. When a family or individual comes in and needs a food box, we grab one and then we add many items from our pantry to help and fill the box in its entirety. It is a great system that we use, and we are thankful to be able to help so many out with food each month. 

Battle of the Businesses 2023 brought in 1,937 donated food items!

 Second place contributor was Hays Recreation Commission. The employee that headed it there was Haley Nixon. The Hays Rec donated 390 items. 

Third place contributor was Early Childhood Connections. The employee that was in charge of their participation there was Michelle Dannels. Early Childhood Connections donated 236 items. 

Other businesses that participated were: Cottonwood Extension District office of K-State Research and Extension, Eagle Communications, Gone Logo Screen Printing &amp; Embroidery, Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau, Hess Services, Nex-Tech Wireless, Styles Dance Centre, and The ARC of Central Plains. 

We are SO grateful for all the businesses that participated, and we hope to have even more involvement next year!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687446505779.jpeg" alt="Macey Pfeifer, First Call for Help executive director, awards the first place Battle of the Businesses trophy to Sarah Cearley-Windholz, owner of Simply Charmed. Courtesy photo&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Macey Pfeifer, First Call for Help executive director, awards the first place Battle of the Businesses trophy to Sarah Cearley-Windholz, owner of Simply Charmed. Courtesy photo&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>SubmittedBattle of the Businesses 2023 went from June 5th to June 16th to fill the food pantry at First Call for Help,607 E. 13th, Hays.Each business oversaw promoting themselves any way they chose. They could post on social medias, do radio advertisements, and some even did promotional deals.The top overall contributor was Simply Charmed of downtown Hays, owned by Sarah Cearley-Windholz.&nbsp; Simply Charmed received and donated 444 non-expired/non-perishable goods. Goods were anything from canned veggies and meats to cereal or condiments. The items differed vastly which is great for our food pantry. Our pantry was VERY empty and now it’s full for the first time in years!<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687447268734.jpeg" alt="The food pantry shelves are filled at First Call for Help after the Battle of the Businesses contest. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>The food pantry shelves are filled at First Call for Help after the Battle of the Businesses contest. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>St. Joseph’s Church has a food pantry, in the building that was previously Kennedy Middle School, that supplies us with food boxes each month. When a family or individual comes in and needs a food box, we grab one and then we add many items from our pantry to help and fill the box in its entirety. It is a great system that we use, and we are thankful to be able to help so many out with food each month. Battle of the Businesses 2023 brought in 1,937 donated food items!<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/6/1687446650746.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure> Second place contributor was Hays Recreation Commission. The employee that headed it there was Haley Nixon. The Hays Rec donated 390 items. Third place contributor was Early Childhood Connections. The employee that was in charge of their participation there was Michelle Dannels. Early Childhood Connections donated 236 items. Other businesses that participated were: Cottonwood Extension District office of K-State Research and Extension, Eagle Communications, Gone Logo Screen Printing &amp; Embroidery, Hays Convention and Visitors Bureau, Hess Services, Nex-Tech Wireless, Styles Dance Centre, and The ARC of Central Plains. We are SO grateful for all the businesses that participated, and we hope to have even more involvement next year!

First Call for Help's Battle of the Businesses brings in 1,937 food items  

By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District

In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.

“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.

She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.

Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.

If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.

“The importance of compaction cannot be overstated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.

Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.

This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html</a>.

More information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. 

To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”, type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link:&nbsp;<a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/"> https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu</a>

To find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html</a> or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.

Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2023/4/1681266655144.jpeg" alt="&nbsp;Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District" />
 <figcaption>&nbsp;Stacy Campbell - Cottonwood Extension District</figcaption>
 </figure>By STACY CAMPBELL Cottonwood Extension District In this video from K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University soil scientist Deann Presley says dry weather in Kansas presents an opportunity to work on farm ponds.<div><iframe width="745" height="419" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mIp_-DzQqj0" title="Pond Restoration" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>“Many of our ponds need periodic cleaning out of the old sediment that might get brought down by livestock or natural processes,” she said.She urges landowners to consider draining their ponds, or in many cases if they are already dry. To scrape the bottom and compacting the soil before mother nature fills them up again.Presley suggests a minimum 30% clay in the soil, though she adds, “40% is even better.” To find out how much clay content is in your pond. You can take some soil samples and bring them into your local K-State Research &amp; Extension Office, to be sent off for a soil texture test. For further information on how to best take these samples, she recommends to contact your local Extension Office for proper sampling instructions.If a pond is leaking sometimes people think they need to use alternate-products to help seal them. Before taking that more expensive step, first take a soil texture sample to see if you might just need to really compact the soil to prevent the leaking. If compaction is what you need, a sheepsfoot roller is needed.“The importance of compaction cannot be overstated,” Presley said. “Many people often think, ‘I have enough clay in the soil; I’ll roll on it for a while and it will be okay.’ But the sheepsfoot roller is important” for proper compaction of the soil.Another tip when cleaning out a pond that folks don’t always consider. Is to put the sediment you clean out of the pond, on the back side of the dam. If you put it around the pond it will eventually slide or erode back into the pond.This video from K-State Research and Extension is available online at <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2022/04/video-repairing-farm-ponds-presley.html</a>.More information is available in K-State’s Feb. 17 Agronomy eUpdate or from local extension offices in Kansas. To read the full article “Ten commonly asked questions when pondering dry ponds”, type into your internet browser K-State agronomy, eupdate newsletter, or type in this link:&nbsp;<a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/"> https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu</a>To find out the location and phone number of your local K-State Research and Extension statewide offices, <a href="https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html">https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/about/statewide-locations.html</a> or simply type into your internet browser “K-State Research and Extension Statewide Locations”.Stacy Campbell is a Crop Production Extension agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact him by e-mail at scampbel@ksu.edu or by calling 785-628-9430.

CAMPBELL: Dry weather provides chance to clean, compact farm ponds

By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District

What is blood sugar and why is it important? Blood sugar (glucose) refers to the amount of simple sugar moving through your body at any given time. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream for fuel. When your blood sugar goes up, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Think of insulin as a key to let the blood sugar into the cells of your body for energy.

Some people have, or may develop, a chronic and long-lasting health condition called diabetes that affects how their body turns food into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin, or can’t use it as well as it should, and too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time, serious health problems can develop such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.

You have probably heard of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Those who have type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to survive. Usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly, and no one knows how to prevent it.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common and is usually diagnosed in adults, although now more and more in children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. The key message about type 2 diabetes, is that it can be delayed, or even prevented, with a lifestyle that includes healthy eating and physical activity.

The benefits of physical activity can’t be overstated for people who have diabetes or are at risk for developing diabetes and other chronic diseases. Exercise can help you lose weight and maintain a healthy weight. Added benefits for those with diabetes is that exercise lowers blood sugar levels and boosts your sensitivity to insulin, which helps keep blood sugar within a normal range.

Here are specific recommendations for those with, and at risk for, diabetes:

• Aerobic exercise. Get at least 30 minutes (more is better) of moderate/vigorous exercise — like brisk walking, swimming, biking, or running — on most days for a minimum of 150 minutes/week.

• Include resistance exercises to increase strength, balance, and the ability to maintain an active life. These include lifting weights, stretching, using resistance bands, and bodyweight exercises.

• Limit inactivity. Breaking up bouts of inactivity can help control blood sugar levels. Make sure you stand, walk, or do some light activity every 30 minutes during the day. Use an app or alarm to nudge you to move regularly, stand or move during commercials when watching TV, and take frequent stretch breaks when driving long distances or traveling.

In addition, about 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. have prediabetes, meaning their blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes is real, it is common, and most importantly, it is reversible with simple, proven lifestyle changes. Most people don’t know they have it. Could this be you? 

Learn more about diabetes at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html">www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668522152076.jpeg" alt="Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo." />
 <figcaption>Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood District. Courtesy photo.</figcaption>
 </figure>By MONIQUE KOERNER Cottonwood Extension District What is blood sugar and why is it important? Blood sugar (glucose) refers to the amount of simple sugar moving through your body at any given time. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream for fuel. When your blood sugar goes up, your pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Think of insulin as a key to let the blood sugar into the cells of your body for energy.Some people have, or may develop, a chronic and long-lasting health condition called diabetes that affects how their body turns food into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin, or can’t use it as well as it should, and too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time, serious health problems can develop such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.You have probably heard of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Those who have type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to survive. Usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults, symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly, and no one knows how to prevent it.Type 2 diabetes is the most common and is usually diagnosed in adults, although now more and more in children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and can’t keep blood sugar at normal levels. The key message about type 2 diabetes, is that it can be delayed, or even prevented, with a lifestyle that includes healthy eating and physical activity.The benefits of physical activity can’t be overstated for people who have diabetes or are at risk for developing diabetes and other chronic diseases. Exercise can help you lose weight and maintain a healthy weight. Added benefits for those with diabetes is that exercise lowers blood sugar levels and boosts your sensitivity to insulin, which helps keep blood sugar within a normal range.Here are specific recommendations for those with, and at risk for, diabetes:• Aerobic exercise. Get at least 30 minutes (more is better) of moderate/vigorous exercise — like brisk walking, swimming, biking, or running — on most days for a minimum of 150 minutes/week.• Include resistance exercises to increase strength, balance, and the ability to maintain an active life. These include lifting weights, stretching, using resistance bands, and bodyweight exercises.• Limit inactivity. Breaking up bouts of inactivity can help control blood sugar levels. Make sure you stand, walk, or do some light activity every 30 minutes during the day. Use an app or alarm to nudge you to move regularly, stand or move during commercials when watching TV, and take frequent stretch breaks when driving long distances or traveling.In addition, about 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. have prediabetes, meaning their blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes is real, it is common, and most importantly, it is reversible with simple, proven lifestyle changes. Most people don’t know they have it. Could this be you? Learn more about diabetes at <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html">www.cdc.gov/diabetes/index.html</a>.Monique Koerner is the Family and Community Wellness Agent with K-State Research and Extension – Cottonwood District. You may reach her at 785-628-9430 or moniquek@ksu.edu.

KOERNER: Exercise and your blood sugar

By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension Agent

This past week I had the opportunity to attend 4-H Discovery Days and chaperone five of our Cottonwood-Barton 4-H youth!

Since 1923, 4-H youth from across the state have traveled to participate in one of the largest Kansas 4-H events. 4-H Discovery Days, formerly know as 4-H Round-Up, is an opportunity for older youth of Kansas to join together as they develop their interests in personal growth, career exploration, leadership and citizenship.

Youth participate in a variety of classes and part of the experience is learning to navigate to different buildings on campus and staying in a dorm. Some of the classes are fun such as ATV Safety and Chuckwagon Cooking while others focus on career paths such as Animal Reproduction, Agronomy, or the Physician’s Assistant Program.

This year also had a focus on the Health as the fourth H in 4-H as community conversations were facilitated about needs and direction of a health curriculum from the nearly 200 youth participants. Additionally, youth completed the Clifton Strengths survey and had an instructor from the Staley School of Leadership at K-State to facilitate a discussion about how they can best leverage their strengths and develop these areas to their best advantage. Many businesses use this for individual and team development so it was neat to see our youth receive an introduction to this program.

For the second year, Emerald Circle was held during Discovery Days. This event celebrated the 2022 State Project Award winners! The winners, their parents, and many thoughtful donors to the Kansas 4-H Foundation enjoyed a banquet and then all of the youth joined them for presentation of the awards and a keynote address by Dan Meers, also known as KC Wolf. One of Dan’s statements that resonated with me is to live each day with character, with purpose, and with passion. I hope that is what I help instill in our 4-H youth every day.

One of my favorite moments was at the end of Discovery Days when I was visiting with one of our administrators and introduced the Cottonwood youth to him. His interest in their futures was evident and he quickly introduced them to several others faculty who may be helpful in their next steps!

Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.

Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/11/1668179445671.jpeg" alt="Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo" />
 <figcaption>Michelle Beran&nbsp;is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. Courtesy photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By MICHELLE BERAN Cottonwood Extension AgentThis past week I had the opportunity to attend 4-H Discovery Days and chaperone five of our Cottonwood-Barton 4-H youth!Since 1923, 4-H youth from across the state have traveled to participate in one of the largest Kansas 4-H events. 4-H Discovery Days, formerly know as 4-H Round-Up, is an opportunity for older youth of Kansas to join together as they develop their interests in personal growth, career exploration, leadership and citizenship.Youth participate in a variety of classes and part of the experience is learning to navigate to different buildings on campus and staying in a dorm. Some of the classes are fun such as ATV Safety and Chuckwagon Cooking while others focus on career paths such as Animal Reproduction, Agronomy, or the Physician’s Assistant Program.This year also had a focus on the Health as the fourth H in 4-H as community conversations were facilitated about needs and direction of a health curriculum from the nearly 200 youth participants. Additionally, youth completed the Clifton Strengths survey and had an instructor from the Staley School of Leadership at K-State to facilitate a discussion about how they can best leverage their strengths and develop these areas to their best advantage. Many businesses use this for individual and team development so it was neat to see our youth receive an introduction to this program.For the second year, Emerald Circle was held during Discovery Days. This event celebrated the 2022 State Project Award winners! The winners, their parents, and many thoughtful donors to the Kansas 4-H Foundation enjoyed a banquet and then all of the youth joined them for presentation of the awards and a keynote address by Dan Meers, also known as KC Wolf. One of Dan’s statements that resonated with me is to live each day with character, with purpose, and with passion. I hope that is what I help instill in our 4-H youth every day.One of my favorite moments was at the end of Discovery Days when I was visiting with one of our administrators and introduced the Cottonwood youth to him. His interest in their futures was evident and he quickly introduced them to several others faculty who may be helpful in their next steps!Keep learning. Keep showing grace and kindness.Michelle Beran is the 4-H Youth Development Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. For more information on this article or other 4-H Youth Development resources, email Michelle at mberan@ksu.edu or call Cottonwood Extension District – Barton Office at 620-793-1910.

BERAN: 4-H Discovery Days

By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays Post

Despite recent rains, a significant drought continues to
grip the region, and the result could be one of the smallest wheat harvests in decades.

According to a recent report from the United State
Department of Agriculture (USDA), 65 percent of the wheat in Kansas is considered to
be in either poor or very poor condition.

The USDA’s Wheat Outlook for May showed that approximately
48 percent of the winter wheat-producing region of the United States is currently
experiencing drought. The western two-thirds of Kansas is considered one of the
major wheat-producing regions in the US., and Kansas is the second biggest producer
of wheat in the US.

K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District
Agriculture Agent Stacy Campbell said the ongoing drought has already had a
significant impact on wheat crops in Kansas. 

“That's why there are quite a few acres that aren't going to
be harvested, and then the ones that are, it's going to be below the county
average,” Campbell said. 

In its May report, the USDA said Kansas farmers are projected
to give up or destroy about 19 percent of this year’s planted wheat crop because of
the condition and the low yields, something Campbell said he continues to see
in Ellis County.

One of those farmers is Nathan Leiker. Leiker, who farms in Ellis
and Rush counties, said they planted a little more than 2,000 acres of wheat last
fall. An increase from a typical year. 

He said they have already destroyed half of this year’s crop.
Leaving his farm with approximately 1,000 acres of wheat.

Leiker said in talking with area crop adjusters and other
farmers, he believes as much as 50 to 55 percent of the wheat crop could end up being
destroyed this year in Ellis County.

He also thinks this year’s wheat harvest could be
the smallest in decades. 

Leiker called the 2012 harvest a “light” year but said
he cannot remember a year where they destroyed the amount of acres they have
this year.

In its May 12 Crop Production report, the National
Agricultural Statistics Service said Kansas’ production is expected to be 191.4
million bushels, which would equal the lowest since 1963.

The USDA says Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Colorado are all anticipated
to have a historically low ratio for the number of acres planted to the number
of acres harvested.

For Leiker, it’s the second failed crop in a row after last
year’s corn crop. 

He also said the drought and the late freeze have himself
and other farmers worried about the quality of wheat they will have left over
to use as seed wheat for next year.

Both Leiker and Campbell said some of the region has
benefited from the spotty rains last fall and again this spring.

Leiker said some areas that received rain in September are
going to see a marginal crop, but “without that rain, the crop is going to be
very minimal.”

Campbell said the recent rains have helped.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/1/1578950736982.jpeg" alt="File photo" />
 <figcaption>File photo</figcaption>
 </figure>By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT Hays PostDespite recent rains, a significant drought continues to
grip the region, and the result could be one of the smallest wheat harvests in decades.According to a recent report from the United State
Department of Agriculture (USDA), 65 percent of the wheat in Kansas is considered to
be in either poor or very poor condition.The USDA’s Wheat Outlook for May showed that approximately
48 percent of the winter wheat-producing region of the United States is currently
experiencing drought. The western two-thirds of Kansas is considered one of the
major wheat-producing regions in the US., and Kansas is the second biggest producer
of wheat in the US.K-State Research and Extension Cottonwood Extension District
Agriculture Agent Stacy Campbell said the ongoing drought has already had a
significant impact on wheat crops in Kansas. “That's why there are quite a few acres that aren't going to
be harvested, and then the ones that are, it's going to be below the county
average,” Campbell said. In its May report, the USDA said Kansas farmers are projected
to give up or destroy about 19 percent of this year’s planted wheat crop because of
the condition and the low yields, something Campbell said he continues to see
in Ellis County.One of those farmers is Nathan Leiker. Leiker, who farms in Ellis
and Rush counties, said they planted a little more than 2,000 acres of wheat last
fall. An increase from a typical year. He said they have already destroyed half of this year’s crop.
Leaving his farm with approximately 1,000 acres of wheat.Leiker said in talking with area crop adjusters and other
farmers, he believes as much as 50 to 55 percent of the wheat crop could end up being
destroyed this year in Ellis County.He also thinks this year’s wheat harvest could be
the smallest in decades. Leiker called the 2012 harvest a “light” year but said
he cannot remember a year where they destroyed the amount of acres they have
this year.In its May 12 Crop Production report, the National
Agricultural Statistics Service said Kansas’ production is expected to be 191.4
million bushels, which would equal the lowest since 1963.The USDA says Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Colorado are all anticipated
to have a historically low ratio for the number of acres planted to the number
of acres harvested.For Leiker, it’s the second failed crop in a row after last
year’s corn crop. He also said the drought and the late freeze have himself
and other farmers worried about the quality of wheat they will have left over
to use as seed wheat for next year.Both Leiker and Campbell said some of the region has
benefited from the spotty rains last fall and again this spring.Leiker said some areas that received rain in September are
going to see a marginal crop, but “without that rain, the crop is going to be
very minimal.”Campbell said the recent rains have helped.“Ideally, it needed to come earlier to be of huge benefit,”
Campbell said. “But I think this last little bit of moisture and cooler weather
on some of the wheat that is still out there, it could have benefitted it
some.”Campbell said some farmers have been able to turn their
cattle out on the failed wheat. But Leiker called that just a band-aid.&nbsp;The drought is also having an impact on the available acres of grassland to graze cattle and the lack of available hay.Some combines were already seen rolling in southeast and southcentral Kansas over the weekend, and Leiker said he anticipates harvest will start about normal time in Ellis County, the last 10 days of June, weather permitting.The recent rains have allowed spring planting to get off to
a good start.Leiker said conditions couldn’t be any better and that it’s “a
good start but need mother nature to finish it out.”He also added that the recent round of showers the region is
experiencing gives him, “hope.”