KYIV, Ukraine (AP) — Russia resumed its blockade of Ukrainian ports on Sunday, cutting off urgently needed grain exports to hungry parts of the world in what U.S. President Joe Biden called a “really outrageous” act.

Biden warned that global hunger could increase because of Russia’s suspension of a U.N.-brokered deal to allow safe passage of ships carrying grain from Ukraine, one of the world's breadbaskets.

“It’s really outrageous,” Biden said Saturday in Wilmington, Delaware. “There’s no merit to what they’re doing. The U.N. negotiated that deal and that should be the end of it.”

Biden spoke hours after&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-government-and-politics-3b563bd6f79f815c7e9f33505dd25334">Russia announced it would immediately halt participation</a>&nbsp;in the grain deal, alleging that Ukraine staged a drone attack Saturday against Russia’s Black Sea Fleet off the coast of occupied Crimea. Ukraine has denied the attack, saying that Russia mishandled its own weapons.

Ukraine's Infrastructure Ministry reported Sunday that 218 ships involved in grain exports have been blocked — 22 loaded and stuck at ports, 95 loaded and departed from ports, and 101 awaiting inspections.

One of the blocked ships, carrying 40,000 tons of wheat for Ethiopia under a U.N. aid program, could not leave Ukraine on Sunday as a result of Russia’s “blockage of the grain corridor,” Oleksandr Kubrakov, Ukraine’s minister of infrastructure, said on Twitter. The ship, Ikaria Angel, was stuck in the Black Sea port of Chornomorsk.

The Istanbul-based UN center coordinating the ship passages later said the Ikaria Angel was among six vessels that began moving out but hadn't yet entered a humanitarian corridor. The center reported on plans to move and inspect other ships on Monday but it wasn't clear whether Russia would agree.

The grain initiative — an example of rare wartime cooperation between Ukraine and Russia — has allowed more than 9 million tons of grain in 397 ships to safely leave Ukrainian ports since it was signed in July. U.N. chief António Guterres had urged Russia and Ukraine on Friday to renew the deal when it expires Nov. 19. The grain agreement has brought down global food prices about 15% from their peak in March, according to the U.N.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskky expressed outrage at Russia's decision. Referring to the Ikaria Angel, he said in his nightly video address Sunday, “This bulk ship with wheat for the U.N. food program and other vessels with agricultural products are forced to wait, because Russia is blackmailing the world with hunger.”

Two initiatives to revive the grain deal were reported Sunday.

Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar was in talks with his counterparts to “solve the problem and to continue the grain initiative,” his agency said, adding that no more grain ships would leave Ukraine but those already waiting near Istanbul would be inspected on Sunday or Monday.

At the United Nations in New York, Guterres delayed a trip by a day to engage in talks aimed at ending Russia’s suspension of the grain export deal. Russia also requested a meeting Monday of the U.N. Security Council to discuss the topic.

Analysts say Russia's withdrawal shows that it sees the grain deal as another way to pressure Ukraine.

“By leaving the deal now and putting the blame on Ukraine, it aims to slow Ukrainian attacks around the Black Sea,” said Mario Bikarski, a Economist Intelligence Unit analyst. Russia could be hoping that Ukraine’s Western allies might ask it to focus its forces elsewhere to save the grain deal, he said.

More conflicting details emerged Sunday about the alleged attack on Russia's Black Sea Fleet.

The city council of Mariupol, a Ukrainian port now controlled by Russia, claimed on Telegram that Ukrainian special services had destroyed at least three Russian warships near the city of Sevastopol on the Russian-annexed Crimean Peninsula.

But an adviser to Ukraine’s Interior Ministry claimed that the Russians' “careless handling of explosives” had caused blasts on four Russian warships. Anton Gerashchenko wrote on Telegram that the vessels included a frigate, a landing ship and a ship that carried cruise missiles.

Reports have surfaced for months of Ukrainian sabotage of Russian warplanes and ammunition depots on Crimea and Zelenskky has vowed repeatedly to recapture the strategic Black Sea peninsula that Russia annexed in 2014.

Russia's Defense Ministry claimed Sunday that one Ukrainian drone that reportedly attacked Sevastopol appeared to emanate from a civilian ship carrying agricultural products from Ukraine. The ministry claimed an inspection of the wreckage showed the drones used Canadian-made navigation and their launch point was the Ukrainian coast near the port of Odesa.

Independent verification of each side's claims was not possible.

Ukraine appears to have targeted the Black Sea Fleet and other Russian military infrastructure on Crimea — far from the front lines but a critical launching pad for attacks against Ukraine — since the spring, although it often doesn't confirm its responsibility.

On the battlefront, Russian missile attacks kept pounding key front-line hot spots in Ukraine. The Russians shelled seven Ukrainian regions over the past 24 hours, killing at least five civilians and wounding nine more, Ukraine’s presidential office said.

In the eastern Donetsk region, where the fighting is ongoing near the cities of Bakhmut and Avdiivka, eight cities and villages were shelled.

In areas that Ukraine has recaptured, residents are still recovering bodies of killed civilians, Donetsk Gov. Pavlo Kyrylenko said.

“Over the past 24 hours alone, in three de-occupied towns and villages, we found abandoned bodies of Ukrainian civilians,” Kyrylenko said.

Ukraine’s Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskiy said Sunday that Russian forces were mining territories they leave behind twice as densely as during the first months of the war.

Power outages were reported Sunday in the occupied Ukrainian city of Enerhodar, home to the closed Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe's largest. Ukrainian and Russian officials traded blame for the shelling that caused the blackout.

KYIV, Ukraine (AP) — Russia resumed its blockade of Ukrainian ports on Sunday, cutting off urgently needed grain exports to hungry parts of the world in what U.S. President Joe Biden called a “really outrageous” act.Biden warned that global hunger could increase because of Russia’s suspension of a U.N.-brokered deal to allow safe passage of ships carrying grain from Ukraine, one of the world's breadbaskets.“It’s really outrageous,” Biden said Saturday in Wilmington, Delaware. “There’s no merit to what they’re doing. The U.N. negotiated that deal and that should be the end of it.”<div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Under the <a href="https://twitter.com/WFP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@WFP</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/UN?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@UN</a> the IKARIA ANGEL 🚢 loaded w/ 40 K tons of grain was supposed to leave the 🇺🇦 port today. These foodstuffs were intended for Ethiopians 🇪🇹, that are on the verge of famine. But due to the blockage of the “grain corridor” by <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Russia?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Russia</a> the export is impossible. <a href="https://t.co/SoS7IborRL">pic.twitter.com/SoS7IborRL</a>&mdash; Oleksandr Kubrakov (@OlKubrakov) <a href="https://twitter.com/OlKubrakov/status/1586666484662767616?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 30, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>Biden spoke hours after&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-government-and-politics-3b563bd6f79f815c7e9f33505dd25334">Russia announced it would immediately halt participation</a>&nbsp;in the grain deal, alleging that Ukraine staged a drone attack Saturday against Russia’s Black Sea Fleet off the coast of occupied Crimea. Ukraine has denied the attack, saying that Russia mishandled its own weapons.Ukraine's Infrastructure Ministry reported Sunday that 218 ships involved in grain exports have been blocked — 22 loaded and stuck at ports, 95 loaded and departed from ports, and 101 awaiting inspections.One of the blocked ships, carrying 40,000 tons of wheat for Ethiopia under a U.N. aid program, could not leave Ukraine on Sunday as a result of Russia’s “blockage of the grain corridor,” Oleksandr Kubrakov, Ukraine’s minister of infrastructure, said on Twitter. The ship, Ikaria Angel, was stuck in the Black Sea port of Chornomorsk.The Istanbul-based UN center coordinating the ship passages later said the Ikaria Angel was among six vessels that began moving out but hadn't yet entered a humanitarian corridor. The center reported on plans to move and inspect other ships on Monday but it wasn't clear whether Russia would agree.The grain initiative — an example of rare wartime cooperation between Ukraine and Russia — has allowed more than 9 million tons of grain in 397 ships to safely leave Ukrainian ports since it was signed in July. U.N. chief António Guterres had urged Russia and Ukraine on Friday to renew the deal when it expires Nov. 19. The grain agreement has brought down global food prices about 15% from their peak in March, according to the U.N.Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskky expressed outrage at Russia's decision. Referring to the Ikaria Angel, he said in his nightly video address Sunday, “This bulk ship with wheat for the U.N. food program and other vessels with agricultural products are forced to wait, because Russia is blackmailing the world with hunger.”Two initiatives to revive the grain deal were reported Sunday.Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar was in talks with his counterparts to “solve the problem and to continue the grain initiative,” his agency said, adding that no more grain ships would leave Ukraine but those already waiting near Istanbul would be inspected on Sunday or Monday.At the United Nations in New York, Guterres delayed a trip by a day to engage in talks aimed at ending Russia’s suspension of the grain export deal. Russia also requested a meeting Monday of the U.N. Security Council to discuss the topic.Analysts say Russia's withdrawal shows that it sees the grain deal as another way to pressure Ukraine.“By leaving the deal now and putting the blame on Ukraine, it aims to slow Ukrainian attacks around the Black Sea,” said Mario Bikarski, a Economist Intelligence Unit analyst. Russia could be hoping that Ukraine’s Western allies might ask it to focus its forces elsewhere to save the grain deal, he said.More conflicting details emerged Sunday about the alleged attack on Russia's Black Sea Fleet.The city council of Mariupol, a Ukrainian port now controlled by Russia, claimed on Telegram that Ukrainian special services had destroyed at least three Russian warships near the city of Sevastopol on the Russian-annexed Crimean Peninsula.But an adviser to Ukraine’s Interior Ministry claimed that the Russians' “careless handling of explosives” had caused blasts on four Russian warships. Anton Gerashchenko wrote on Telegram that the vessels included a frigate, a landing ship and a ship that carried cruise missiles.Reports have surfaced for months of Ukrainian sabotage of Russian warplanes and ammunition depots on Crimea and Zelenskky has vowed repeatedly to recapture the strategic Black Sea peninsula that Russia annexed in 2014.Russia's Defense Ministry claimed Sunday that one Ukrainian drone that reportedly attacked Sevastopol appeared to emanate from a civilian ship carrying agricultural products from Ukraine. The ministry claimed an inspection of the wreckage showed the drones used Canadian-made navigation and their launch point was the Ukrainian coast near the port of Odesa.Independent verification of each side's claims was not possible.Ukraine appears to have targeted the Black Sea Fleet and other Russian military infrastructure on Crimea — far from the front lines but a critical launching pad for attacks against Ukraine — since the spring, although it often doesn't confirm its responsibility.On the battlefront, Russian missile attacks kept pounding key front-line hot spots in Ukraine. The Russians shelled seven Ukrainian regions over the past 24 hours, killing at least five civilians and wounding nine more, Ukraine’s presidential office said.In the eastern Donetsk region, where the fighting is ongoing near the cities of Bakhmut and Avdiivka, eight cities and villages were shelled.In areas that Ukraine has recaptured, residents are still recovering bodies of killed civilians, Donetsk Gov. Pavlo Kyrylenko said.“Over the past 24 hours alone, in three de-occupied towns and villages, we found abandoned bodies of Ukrainian civilians,” Kyrylenko said.Ukraine’s Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskiy said Sunday that Russian forces were mining territories they leave behind twice as densely as during the first months of the war.Power outages were reported Sunday in the occupied Ukrainian city of Enerhodar, home to the closed Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, Europe's largest. Ukrainian and Russian officials traded blame for the shelling that caused the blackout.___

Biden warns of global hunger as Russia resumes grain blockade

Connie Austin, 84, died Saturday, October 29, 2022, at her home in Dodge City.&nbsp;

She was born January 2, 1938, at Great Bend, the daughter of Ray and 
Dorothy (Bailey) Richardson.&nbsp; She attended Dodge City schools and was a 
1955 graduate of Dodge City High School, and in 1954 was the Floor Show 
Queen. On December 27, 1955 she married Kenny Austin at Dodge City.&nbsp; She
 worked as a secretary for the business and finance department of the 
First Christian Church. She was a Keenager senior director for 15 years,
 a bus driver for the Bible Bowl, an Ombudsman for the state of Kansas 
assisting senior citizens in nursing homes, and a CASA volunteer.&nbsp; She 
enjoyed baking cookies for the needy and shut ins as well as baking and 
decorating cakes, Coke hour with the girls, line dancing at the Senior 
Center, cross stitching, collecting dolls, and spending time at their 
cabin in Colorado.&nbsp; 

She was very proud of the fact that she was a 
descendant of Benjamin Franklin.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

Survivors include: her husband of 66 years, Kenny; their 4 children, 
Brent and wife Dee, Dodge City, Deann Jones, Dodge City, Bruce and wife 
Bonnie, Wichita, and Darin and wife Jackie, Pueblo, Colorado; a sister 
Karen Ehrlich, Surprise, Arizona; 8 grandchildren, Renee Duvall and 
husband Eric, Stephen Austin and wife Sarah, Annalise Hagan and husband 
Joshua, Emily Smith and husband Braden, Joshua Austin and wife Madison, 
Caleb Austin, Jonathan Austin, and Andrew Austin; and 6 great 
grandchildren.

She was preceded in death by her parents, a brother, Gene Richardson, a sister, Carol Koehn, and brother-in-law, Duane Ehrlich.&nbsp;

Funeral service will be at 10:00 am Wednesday, November 2, 2022, at 
the First Christian Church, Dodge City, with Jeff Hiers officiating.&nbsp; 
Burial will follow in Greencrest Memorial Gardens, Dodge City.&nbsp; 
Visitation will be from noon to 8:00 pm Tuesday with the family present 
from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm at Ziegler Funeral Chapel, Dodge City.

The family suggest memorials to St. Jude Children’s Hospital in care of Ziegler Funeral Chapel, 1901 N. 14th Ave., Dodge City, Kansas 67801.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667173822212.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Connie Austin, 84, died Saturday, October 29, 2022, at her home in Dodge City.&nbsp;She was born January 2, 1938, at Great Bend, the daughter of Ray and 
Dorothy (Bailey) Richardson.&nbsp; She attended Dodge City schools and was a 
1955 graduate of Dodge City High School, and in 1954 was the Floor Show 
Queen. On December 27, 1955 she married Kenny Austin at Dodge City.&nbsp; She
 worked as a secretary for the business and finance department of the 
First Christian Church. She was a Keenager senior director for 15 years,
 a bus driver for the Bible Bowl, an Ombudsman for the state of Kansas 
assisting senior citizens in nursing homes, and a CASA volunteer.&nbsp; She 
enjoyed baking cookies for the needy and shut ins as well as baking and 
decorating cakes, Coke hour with the girls, line dancing at the Senior 
Center, cross stitching, collecting dolls, and spending time at their 
cabin in Colorado.&nbsp; She was very proud of the fact that she was a 
descendant of Benjamin Franklin.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Survivors include: her husband of 66 years, Kenny; their 4 children, 
Brent and wife Dee, Dodge City, Deann Jones, Dodge City, Bruce and wife 
Bonnie, Wichita, and Darin and wife Jackie, Pueblo, Colorado; a sister 
Karen Ehrlich, Surprise, Arizona; 8 grandchildren, Renee Duvall and 
husband Eric, Stephen Austin and wife Sarah, Annalise Hagan and husband 
Joshua, Emily Smith and husband Braden, Joshua Austin and wife Madison, 
Caleb Austin, Jonathan Austin, and Andrew Austin; and 6 great 
grandchildren.She was preceded in death by her parents, a brother, Gene Richardson, a sister, Carol Koehn, and brother-in-law, Duane Ehrlich.&nbsp;Funeral service will be at 10:00 am Wednesday, November 2, 2022, at 
the First Christian Church, Dodge City, with Jeff Hiers officiating.&nbsp; 
Burial will follow in Greencrest Memorial Gardens, Dodge City.&nbsp; 
Visitation will be from noon to 8:00 pm Tuesday with the family present 
from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm at Ziegler Funeral Chapel, Dodge City.The family suggest memorials to St. Jude Children’s Hospital in care of Ziegler Funeral Chapel, 1901 N. 14th Ave., Dodge City, Kansas 67801.&nbsp;

Connie Austin

November 29, 1989 ~ October 28, 2022

An obituary and services are pending with Koons-Russell Funeral Home.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667160286029.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>November 29, 1989 ~ October 28, 2022An obituary and services are pending with Koons-Russell Funeral Home.

Sarah Marie (Stenger) Richardson

Glen Francis Warren, age 88, of Hays, Kansas, passed way on Saturday, October 29, 2022, at Hays Medical Center, Hays, Kansas.

Funeral services will be at 1:00 P.M. Friday, November 4, 2022, at Cline’s-Keithley Mortuary of Hays, 1919 East 22nd&nbsp;Street, Hays, Kansas 67601.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Condolences can be sent via e-mail to&nbsp;<a href="mailto:clinesmortuary@eaglecom.net">clinesmortuary@eaglecom.net</a>&nbsp;or can be left at guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667160021681.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Glen Francis Warren, age 88, of Hays, Kansas, passed way on Saturday, October 29, 2022, at Hays Medical Center, Hays, Kansas.Funeral services will be at 1:00 P.M. Friday, November 4, 2022, at Cline’s-Keithley Mortuary of Hays, 1919 East 22nd&nbsp;Street, Hays, Kansas 67601.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Condolences can be sent via e-mail to&nbsp;<a href="mailto:clinesmortuary@eaglecom.net">clinesmortuary@eaglecom.net</a>&nbsp;or can be left at guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

Glen Francis Warren

LONDON (AP) — The Broncos offense has stalled all season so expectations were low when a punt left them on their 2-yard line, trailing the Jacksonville Jaguars at Wembley Stadium.

Embattled quarterback Russell Wilson delivered a message in the huddle.

“I told the guys ’hey listen we’re going to go 98 yards right here. Believe in it,” Wilson said. “Every season I've ever played, you’ve got to catch momentum. There’s a moment in time where it clicks.”

Melvin Gordon scored on that drive early in the second half, and Latavius Murray took it in from 2 yards late in the fourth quarter to help the Broncos snap a four-game losing streak by beating the Jaguars 21-17 on Sunday.

Wilson led two go-ahead scoring drives in the second half on his return from a hamstring injury. He finished 18 for 30 for 252 yards with a touchdown and interception.

Wilson looked rusty early, but connected on a 47-yard completion to KJ Hamler after the Broncos fell behind 17-14 on Travis Etienne's 1-yard touchdown run with 3:54 to play. Wilson then scrambled for 10 yards on a third-and-5 to get to the Jacksonville 28.

The late score gave Murray a touchdown for two different teams this month in London. He ran for a score for New Orleans earlier in October at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.

The Broncos (3-5) erased a 10-point deficit on Jerry Jeudy's 6-yard touchdown reception in the first half and Gordon's 1-yard run to complete the 98-yard scoring drive. On the long drive, Wilson connected three times with rookie tight end Greg Dulcich, including a 38-yard completion to the 1. Gordon then ran it in to give the Broncos a 14-10 lead.

Broncos coach Nathaniel Hackett, who has come under criticism in his first year on the job, credited Wilson for shaking off the slow start.

“You learn a lot about a quarterback when they throw a pick,” Hackett said. “He got it out of the way early. He was able to rebound and come back.”

The announced attendance of 86,215 is the largest crowd in the history of NFL international games.

The Jaguars (2-6) lost their fifth consecutive game despite a career day from Etienne, who carried 24 times for 156 yards and a touchdown.

Etienne scored on a 1-yard plunge to give Jacksonville a 17-14 lead with 3:54 to play.

After Murray's touchdown with 1:43 remaining, Jaguars quarterback Trevor Lawrence threw an interception to K'Waun Williams at the Jacksonville 35.

Lawrence had a costly red zone interception on a first-and-goal from the 1 in the first half. Lawrence was 18 for 31 for 133 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions.

“I’ve got to look in the mirror. I’ve got to play better,” Lawrence said.

Jags coach Doug Pederson said he didn't regret calling the pass near the goal line.

“It’s a relatively safe play. If it’s not there, and Trevor knows this, just throw the ball (away), just sail the ball and you’ve got two to three more downs to do whatever you want to do there.”

Wilson missed last week's game because of a strained hamstring and threw an interception on his second pass.

The Broncos didn't get their first first down until almost midway through the second quarter.

The Jags had opened the scoring when Lawrence found Evan Engram for a 22-yard touchdown pass in the first quarter.

The Jags had another costly red zone turnover for the second consecutive week. Last week, Etienne fumbled into the end zone in the 23-17 loss to the New York Giants. It was Lawrence's turn this week. Broncos safety Justin Simmons reached up and snatched the ball out of the air at the goal line with Jacksonville leading 7-0.

“I saw him rolling out. I’m hoping maybe there's a chance I can bat the ball,” Simmons said, doing even better by pulling the ball down for a crucial turnover.

The Broncos amassed 10 penalties for 71 yards in the first half, handing the Jags extra opportunities on offense. Simmons was whistled for taunting after a tackle on JaMycal Hasty but later in the drive he intercepted Lawrence for a touchback. The Broncos finished with 12 penalties for 81 yards.

“We’ve got to get that out of the game. We can’t do that,” Hackett said.

Jaguars return specialist Jamal Agnew was inactive for a second week in a row because of a knee injury. Jags safety Rayshawn Jenkins stayed down after tackling Jeudy in second quarter. Broncos center Lloyd Cushenberry III (hip) went down on Denver's final drive of first half and was ruled out. Graham Glasgow replaced him.

Broncos: Bye week and then at Tennessee on Nov. 13.

Jaguars: Host the Las Vegas Raiders next Sunday. They're at Kansas City the following week before their bye.

LONDON (AP) — The Broncos offense has stalled all season so expectations were low when a punt left them on their 2-yard line, trailing the Jacksonville Jaguars at Wembley Stadium.Embattled quarterback Russell Wilson delivered a message in the huddle.“I told the guys ’hey listen we’re going to go 98 yards right here. Believe in it,” Wilson said. “Every season I've ever played, you’ve got to catch momentum. There’s a moment in time where it clicks.”Melvin Gordon scored on that drive early in the second half, and Latavius Murray took it in from 2 yards late in the fourth quarter to help the Broncos snap a four-game losing streak by beating the Jaguars 21-17 on Sunday.Wilson led two go-ahead scoring drives in the second half on his return from a hamstring injury. He finished 18 for 30 for 252 yards with a touchdown and interception.Wilson looked rusty early, but connected on a 47-yard completion to KJ Hamler after the Broncos fell behind 17-14 on Travis Etienne's 1-yard touchdown run with 3:54 to play. Wilson then scrambled for 10 yards on a third-and-5 to get to the Jacksonville 28.The late score gave Murray a touchdown for two different teams this month in London. He ran for a score for New Orleans earlier in October at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.The Broncos (3-5) erased a 10-point deficit on Jerry Jeudy's 6-yard touchdown reception in the first half and Gordon's 1-yard run to complete the 98-yard scoring drive. On the long drive, Wilson connected three times with rookie tight end Greg Dulcich, including a 38-yard completion to the 1. Gordon then ran it in to give the Broncos a 14-10 lead.Broncos coach Nathaniel Hackett, who has come under criticism in his first year on the job, credited Wilson for shaking off the slow start.“You learn a lot about a quarterback when they throw a pick,” Hackett said. “He got it out of the way early. He was able to rebound and come back.”The announced attendance of 86,215 is the largest crowd in the history of NFL international games.The Jaguars (2-6) lost their fifth consecutive game despite a career day from Etienne, who carried 24 times for 156 yards and a touchdown.Etienne scored on a 1-yard plunge to give Jacksonville a 17-14 lead with 3:54 to play.After Murray's touchdown with 1:43 remaining, Jaguars quarterback Trevor Lawrence threw an interception to K'Waun Williams at the Jacksonville 35.Lawrence had a costly red zone interception on a first-and-goal from the 1 in the first half. Lawrence was 18 for 31 for 133 yards with a touchdown and two interceptions.“I’ve got to look in the mirror. I’ve got to play better,” Lawrence said.Jags coach Doug Pederson said he didn't regret calling the pass near the goal line.“It’s a relatively safe play. If it’s not there, and Trevor knows this, just throw the ball (away), just sail the ball and you’ve got two to three more downs to do whatever you want to do there.”Wilson missed last week's game because of a strained hamstring and threw an interception on his second pass.The Broncos didn't get their first first down until almost midway through the second quarter.The Jags had opened the scoring when Lawrence found Evan Engram for a 22-yard touchdown pass in the first quarter.SEEING REDThe Jags had another costly red zone turnover for the second consecutive week. Last week, Etienne fumbled into the end zone in the 23-17 loss to the New York Giants. It was Lawrence's turn this week. Broncos safety Justin Simmons reached up and snatched the ball out of the air at the goal line with Jacksonville leading 7-0.“I saw him rolling out. I’m hoping maybe there's a chance I can bat the ball,” Simmons said, doing even better by pulling the ball down for a crucial turnover.FLAG FOOTBALLThe Broncos amassed 10 penalties for 71 yards in the first half, handing the Jags extra opportunities on offense. Simmons was whistled for taunting after a tackle on JaMycal Hasty but later in the drive he intercepted Lawrence for a touchback. The Broncos finished with 12 penalties for 81 yards.“We’ve got to get that out of the game. We can’t do that,” Hackett said.INJURIESJaguars return specialist Jamal Agnew was inactive for a second week in a row because of a knee injury. Jags safety Rayshawn Jenkins stayed down after tackling Jeudy in second quarter. Broncos center Lloyd Cushenberry III (hip) went down on Denver's final drive of first half and was ruled out. Graham Glasgow replaced him.UP NEXTBroncos: Bye week and then at Tennessee on Nov. 13.Jaguars: Host the Las Vegas Raiders next Sunday. They're at Kansas City the following week before their bye.

🏈 Broncos beat Jaguars in London to snap losing streak

It is with a heavy heart and great sadness that we announce Donald E. 
Birzer, age 86, of Colby, KS, passed away on October 27, 2022. 
He was born in Brownell, Kansas, on January 23, 1936, to Frank and Eleanor (Rupp) Birzer. 
Don attended Brownell High School, went to the Army from 1954-56, 
stationed in Hanau Germany. After the military, he attended trade school
 for automotive body repair. He was in automotive body repair for over 
40 years and worked and owned Lyles Body shop for 30 years. 
On November 28, 1959, he was united in marriage with Betty Kraft at the 
St. Mary’s Catholic Church in McCracken, KS and from that marriage two 
beautiful living children were born, Mitchell and Staci. 
He was a current member of Sacred Heart Church, Colby, Kansas. After he 
sold Lyles Body Shop, he worked as a Storm Trooper at Farm Bureau for 15
 years and Pioneer Seed for 25 years. He was previously active in the 
American Legion and Knights of Columbus for many years. In his earlier 
years, he enjoyed farming. He was a true handyman/volunteer, enjoyed 
dancing, socializing, playing cards, and had a beautiful lawn and 
garden. 
Don is survived by his son, Mitch (Anita), Nortonville, KY; daughter, 
Staci (Kevin) Murray, Manhattan, KS; four living grandchildren, Justin 
(Allie) Murray, Wichita, KS, Bethany Murray of Wichita, KS, Danielle 
Birzer of Phoenix, AZ, and Jackson Birzer of Nortonville, KY and two 
great grandchildren, Hudson Murray and Cohen Murray. He will be truly 
missed by all that knew him. 
He was preceded in death by his wife Betty (Kraft); his daughter, 
Roxanne; his parents, Frank and Eleanor Birzer; three sisters, and a 
granddaughter, Ashley Murray. 
Visitation will be 5-7:00 p.m., with a vigil at 7:00 p.m. Thursday, Nov.
 3, 2022, at Baalmann Mortuary, Colby. A funeral mass will be celebrated
 on Friday, Nov 4, 2022, at 10:30 a.m. at Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 
Colby. A graveside service will be held on Saturday, Nov 5, 2022, at 
Sacred Heart Cemetery, Colby.

Memorial contributions may be directed to 
the Sacred Heart Church at 585 N. French Ave or the Senior Progress 
Center, 165 Fike Park St. Colby, KS. Baalmann Mortuary, Colby is 
handling the arrangements. For information or condolences visit 
www.baalmannmortuary.com&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667142655834.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>It is with a heavy heart and great sadness that we announce Donald E. 
Birzer, age 86, of Colby, KS, passed away on October 27, 2022. 
He was born in Brownell, Kansas, on January 23, 1936, to Frank and Eleanor (Rupp) Birzer. 
Don attended Brownell High School, went to the Army from 1954-56, 
stationed in Hanau Germany. After the military, he attended trade school
 for automotive body repair. He was in automotive body repair for over 
40 years and worked and owned Lyles Body shop for 30 years. 
On November 28, 1959, he was united in marriage with Betty Kraft at the 
St. Mary’s Catholic Church in McCracken, KS and from that marriage two 
beautiful living children were born, Mitchell and Staci. 
He was a current member of Sacred Heart Church, Colby, Kansas. After he 
sold Lyles Body Shop, he worked as a Storm Trooper at Farm Bureau for 15
 years and Pioneer Seed for 25 years. He was previously active in the 
American Legion and Knights of Columbus for many years. In his earlier 
years, he enjoyed farming. He was a true handyman/volunteer, enjoyed 
dancing, socializing, playing cards, and had a beautiful lawn and 
garden. 
Don is survived by his son, Mitch (Anita), Nortonville, KY; daughter, 
Staci (Kevin) Murray, Manhattan, KS; four living grandchildren, Justin 
(Allie) Murray, Wichita, KS, Bethany Murray of Wichita, KS, Danielle 
Birzer of Phoenix, AZ, and Jackson Birzer of Nortonville, KY and two 
great grandchildren, Hudson Murray and Cohen Murray. He will be truly 
missed by all that knew him. 
He was preceded in death by his wife Betty (Kraft); his daughter, 
Roxanne; his parents, Frank and Eleanor Birzer; three sisters, and a 
granddaughter, Ashley Murray. 
Visitation will be 5-7:00 p.m., with a vigil at 7:00 p.m. Thursday, Nov.
 3, 2022, at Baalmann Mortuary, Colby. A funeral mass will be celebrated
 on Friday, Nov 4, 2022, at 10:30 a.m. at Sacred Heart Catholic Church, 
Colby. A graveside service will be held on Saturday, Nov 5, 2022, at 
Sacred Heart Cemetery, Colby. Memorial contributions may be directed to 
the Sacred Heart Church at 585 N. French Ave or the Senior Progress 
Center, 165 Fike Park St. Colby, KS. Baalmann Mortuary, Colby is 
handling the arrangements. For information or condolences visit 
www.baalmannmortuary.com&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

Donald E. Birzer

By JAMES WALKER <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-first-televised-world-series-spurred-americas-television-boom-75-years-ago-193006">The Conversation</a>

Boston Red Sox catcher Carlton Fisk <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WRi6iZAl-I">desperately waving at his home run to stay in play</a>. Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder Kirk Gibson <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZzGkoXlaTM">pumping his arms</a>
 as he hobbles around second base after muscling a home run off Dennis 
Eckersley, the Oakland A’s dominant closer. The ground ball hit by New 
York Mets outfielder Mookie Wilson <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpyJjecJnuI">skipping through the legs</a> of Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner.

Some of the most dramatic images in World Series history are 
ingrained in the minds of baseball fans thanks to television coverage. 
This year’s World Series between the Philadelphia Phillies and Houston 
Astros will surely bring another timeless highlight to the <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/03/2021-world-series-ratings-braves-astros-game-6-draws-14point3-million.html">12 million or so viewers</a> expected to watch.

Yet the first 43 World Series weren’t televised at all. It wasn’t 
until the 1947 series between the New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers –
 75 years ago – that fans could watch their favorite players duke it out
 on screen. 

As I detail in my book “<a href="https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/bison-original/9780803248250/">Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television</a>,”
 which I co-authored with Robert Bellamy, the telecasts became a 
sensation. They drew millions of Americans to a new medium at a time 
when there were no national networks, only a handful of stations and 
somewhere between 50,000 and 60,000 TVs in the entire country.

In August 1947, the television industry anticipated a possible 
all-New York World Series: The Yankees had a huge lead in the American 
League, while the Dodgers also held a substantial one in the National 
League.  

If the two teams met in October, New York’s three television stations – run by NBC ABC, and the now-extinct <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/DuMont-Television-Network">DuMont</a> – decided they wanted to cover the games.

But the rights to televise the games were held by the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mutual-Broadcasting-System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a>,
 a radio network that had no television division. Thus, Mutual would 
need to farm out the coverage to one or more New York stations.

Although no national television network existed at the time, NBC, 
DuMont and CBS did have the means to link stations on the Eastern 
Seaboard through a combination of coaxial cable, microwave and 
over-the-air broadcast transmissions, expanding the potential audience 
for the World Series. The Series would air on eight stations in four 
markets: New York City, Philadelphia, Washington and Schenectady, New 
York.

While the Yankees-Dodgers series materialized, the televising of the Series almost didn’t. 

The predictable stumbling block was money. Baseball commissioner <a href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/chandler-happy">Albert B. “Happy” Chandler</a>
 wanted $100,000 for the television rights to the Series. Gillette, the 
sponsor of the radio coverage on the Mutual Broadcasting System, balked 
at the steep price given television’s limited penetration – only 50,000 
to 60,000 U.S. households owned TVs at the time. The radio rights to 
reach the nation’s 29 million homes with radios had cost Mutual only 
$175,000.

Initial negotiations produced an offer of $60,000 from two sponsors: Gillette and the Ford Motor Company. New York’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Liebmann">Liebmann Breweries</a>
 offered to meet Chandler’s $100,000 demand, but the commissioner 
refused because he did not want beer ads when youngsters would be 
prominent members of the audience.

Even before a coverage deal had been finalized, bars, restaurants, 
television dealers, department stores, automobile dealerships and movie 
theaters started advertising the event, urging customers to come by to 
watch the World Series on television. And in the days and weeks leading 
up to the Fall Classic, the demand for television sets spiked. 

The excitement pressured Chandler and the sponsors to reach a compromise.   

Finally, on Sept. 26, just four days before Game 1 at Yankee Stadium, Chandler, Gillette and Ford <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1947/1947-10-06-BC.pdf">agreed to $65,000 for the rights to televise the World Series</a>.
 Production costs added another $35,000 to the sponsors’ bill. Mutual, 
Gillette and Ford also agreed to allow all three New York TV stations 
and those connected to them to broadcast the game, providing the widest 
possible exposure.

Initial industry estimates had the Series reaching between 600,000 
and 700,000 viewers, many of them located in the bars and restaurants 
where a substantial number of the nation’s first television receivers 
were located.  

But that forecast ended up being conservative. Although home viewing for the seven games was substantial – 450,000 in a <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1947/BB-1947-10-18.pdf">Hooper rating survey commissioned by Billboard</a>
 – the out-of-home viewing numbers were extraordinary: Another 3.5 
million were estimated to have viewed the World Series in public 
locales.

Hooper’s survey found that an average of 82 customers showed up at 
each of these public locations to watch at least some of the World 
Series. Variety reported that bar owners saw a 500% increase in patrons 
during the Series, with some offering reservations to their regulars for
 a choice location near the TV set.

What viewers from those choice seats saw was primitive by today’s 
standards. The screen was usually small – 12 diagonal inches or less. 
The low-definition images were black and white and came from just a few 
cameras. No extreme close-ups were possible. There was no instant 
replay, so fans had to pay attention or the moment was lost. 

But for the first time, they were seeing the World Series live, and for free.

The audience liked what they saw. <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1947/BB-1947-10-11.pdf">Billboard</a>,
 quoting The Newark Evening News, reported that TV “audiences hung on 
every turn of the video cameras and the ‘oohs and aahs’ at a slide or 
strikeout were something radio broadcasters would give their eye teeth 
to hear.”

It didn’t hurt that <a href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1947_WS.shtml">the 1947 World Series</a> ended up being so dramatic. The Yankees prevailed in seven games, but Brooklyn owned the two greatest moments.

In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 4, Dodgers pitch hitter <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWjpOAy5zCM">Cookie Lavagetto ended Yankee starter Bill Biven’s no-hit bid</a> with a two-out hit, driving in two runs and sending the Dodgers to a 3-2 win. Then, in Game 6, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SrtxVs8uMI">Al Gionfriddo’s stunning catch of Joe DiMaggio’s deep drive to left field</a> helped preserve an 8-6 Dodgers victory, leading legendary Dodgers broadcaster <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Red_Barber.html?id=lWhgEAAAQBAJ">Red Barber</a> to exclaim, “Oh, Doctor!”

The Washington broadcasts even reached the White House, where 
President Harry S. Truman, his staff and the D.C. press corps watched 
some of the contests. The <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Televiser/Televiser-1947-09-10.pdf">industry magazine Televiser</a>
 reported an enthusiastic response from the White House viewers: “If TV 
can do as good a job as that on perhaps the most difficult of all 
subjects to televise, then it really has arrived.”

The public’s embrace of the World Series on television, along with 
the generous coverage of the telecasts by the press, provided an 
important boost to the nascent television industry. The Sporting News 
reported that the first televised World Series increased sales for new 
receivers in New York to levels not seen since the early days of radio. 
Similar reports came from dealers in Washington and Philadelphia.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>,
 chairman of RCA – which owed NBC and was a leading manufacturer of 
receivers – regarded television’s coverage of baseball and its crowning 
event, the World Series, as one of the most important factors in 
triggering the growth of the new medium.

Television makers, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Center_Field_Shot.html?id=6kPQhpS-X8YC">he concluded</a>,
 “had to have baseball games and if [baseball owners] had demanded 
millions for the rights, we would have had to give it to them.”

The television industry eventually did pay millions and then billions for those rights. <a href="https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2018/11/15/Media/MLB-Fox.aspx">Fox’s latest seven-year contract</a>, including rights to the World Series, pays Major League Baseball $5.1 billion.

Happy Chandler’s 1947 demand for a $100,000 seems like quite a bargain today.

James Walker is
 Emeritus Professor of Communication at Saint Xavier University.

<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oWjpOAy5zCM"></iframe>
 <figcaption>An estimated 3.5 million Americans viewed the first televised World Series at bars, restaurants and storefronts.</figcaption>
 </figure>By JAMES WALKER <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-first-televised-world-series-spurred-americas-television-boom-75-years-ago-193006">The Conversation</a>Boston Red Sox catcher Carlton Fisk <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WRi6iZAl-I">desperately waving at his home run to stay in play</a>. Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder Kirk Gibson <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZzGkoXlaTM">pumping his arms</a>
 as he hobbles around second base after muscling a home run off Dennis 
Eckersley, the Oakland A’s dominant closer. The ground ball hit by New 
York Mets outfielder Mookie Wilson <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpyJjecJnuI">skipping through the legs</a> of Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner. Some of the most dramatic images in World Series history are 
ingrained in the minds of baseball fans thanks to television coverage. 
This year’s World Series between the Philadelphia Phillies and Houston 
Astros will surely bring another timeless highlight to the <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/03/2021-world-series-ratings-braves-astros-game-6-draws-14point3-million.html">12 million or so viewers</a> expected to watch. Yet the first 43 World Series weren’t televised at all. It wasn’t 
until the 1947 series between the New York Yankees and Brooklyn Dodgers –
 75 years ago – that fans could watch their favorite players duke it out
 on screen. As I detail in my book “<a href="https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/bison-original/9780803248250/">Center Field Shot: A History of Baseball on Television</a>,”
 which I co-authored with Robert Bellamy, the telecasts became a 
sensation. They drew millions of Americans to a new medium at a time 
when there were no national networks, only a handful of stations and 
somewhere between 50,000 and 60,000 TVs in the entire country.<h2>Negotiations go down to the wire</h2>In August 1947, the television industry anticipated a possible 
all-New York World Series: The Yankees had a huge lead in the American 
League, while the Dodgers also held a substantial one in the National 
League. If the two teams met in October, New York’s three television stations – run by NBC ABC, and the now-extinct <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/DuMont-Television-Network">DuMont</a> – decided they wanted to cover the games.But the rights to televise the games were held by the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mutual-Broadcasting-System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a>,
 a radio network that had no television division. Thus, Mutual would 
need to farm out the coverage to one or more New York stations. Although no national television network existed at the time, NBC, 
DuMont and CBS did have the means to link stations on the Eastern 
Seaboard through a combination of coaxial cable, microwave and 
over-the-air broadcast transmissions, expanding the potential audience 
for the World Series. The Series would air on eight stations in four 
markets: New York City, Philadelphia, Washington and Schenectady, New 
York.While the Yankees-Dodgers series materialized, the televising of the Series almost didn’t. The predictable stumbling block was money. Baseball commissioner <a href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/chandler-happy">Albert B. “Happy” Chandler</a>
 wanted $100,000 for the television rights to the Series. Gillette, the 
sponsor of the radio coverage on the Mutual Broadcasting System, balked 
at the steep price given television’s limited penetration – only 50,000 
to 60,000 U.S. households owned TVs at the time. The radio rights to 
reach the nation’s 29 million homes with radios had cost Mutual only 
$175,000. Initial negotiations produced an offer of $60,000 from two sponsors: Gillette and the Ford Motor Company. New York’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Liebmann">Liebmann Breweries</a>
 offered to meet Chandler’s $100,000 demand, but the commissioner 
refused because he did not want beer ads when youngsters would be 
prominent members of the audience.Even before a coverage deal had been finalized, bars, restaurants, 
television dealers, department stores, automobile dealerships and movie 
theaters started advertising the event, urging customers to come by to 
watch the World Series on television. And in the days and weeks leading 
up to the Fall Classic, the demand for television sets spiked. The excitement pressured Chandler and the sponsors to reach a compromise. Finally, on Sept. 26, just four days before Game 1 at Yankee Stadium, Chandler, Gillette and Ford <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1947/1947-10-06-BC.pdf">agreed to $65,000 for the rights to televise the World Series</a>.
 Production costs added another $35,000 to the sponsors’ bill. Mutual, 
Gillette and Ford also agreed to allow all three New York TV stations 
and those connected to them to broadcast the game, providing the widest 
possible exposure.<h2>An unexpectedly strong response</h2>Initial industry estimates had the Series reaching between 600,000 
and 700,000 viewers, many of them located in the bars and restaurants 
where a substantial number of the nation’s first television receivers 
were located. But that forecast ended up being conservative. Although home viewing for the seven games was substantial – 450,000 in a <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1947/BB-1947-10-18.pdf">Hooper rating survey commissioned by Billboard</a>
 – the out-of-home viewing numbers were extraordinary: Another 3.5 
million were estimated to have viewed the World Series in public 
locales. Hooper’s survey found that an average of 82 customers showed up at 
each of these public locations to watch at least some of the World 
Series. Variety reported that bar owners saw a 500% increase in patrons 
during the Series, with some offering reservations to their regulars for
 a choice location near the TV set.What viewers from those choice seats saw was primitive by today’s 
standards. The screen was usually small – 12 diagonal inches or less. 
The low-definition images were black and white and came from just a few 
cameras. No extreme close-ups were possible. There was no instant 
replay, so fans had to pay attention or the moment was lost. But for the first time, they were seeing the World Series live, and for free.<h2>The TV industry’s World Series bump</h2>The audience liked what they saw. <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/40s/1947/BB-1947-10-11.pdf">Billboard</a>,
 quoting The Newark Evening News, reported that TV “audiences hung on 
every turn of the video cameras and the ‘oohs and aahs’ at a slide or 
strikeout were something radio broadcasters would give their eye teeth 
to hear.” It didn’t hurt that <a href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1947_WS.shtml">the 1947 World Series</a> ended up being so dramatic. The Yankees prevailed in seven games, but Brooklyn owned the two greatest moments.In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 4, Dodgers pitch hitter <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWjpOAy5zCM">Cookie Lavagetto ended Yankee starter Bill Biven’s no-hit bid</a> with a two-out hit, driving in two runs and sending the Dodgers to a 3-2 win. Then, in Game 6, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SrtxVs8uMI">Al Gionfriddo’s stunning catch of Joe DiMaggio’s deep drive to left field</a> helped preserve an 8-6 Dodgers victory, leading legendary Dodgers broadcaster <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Red_Barber.html?id=lWhgEAAAQBAJ">Red Barber</a> to exclaim, “Oh, Doctor!”<figure>
 <iframe width="560" height="315" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oWjpOAy5zCM"></iframe>
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>The Washington broadcasts even reached the White House, where 
President Harry S. Truman, his staff and the D.C. press corps watched 
some of the contests. The <a href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Televiser/Televiser-1947-09-10.pdf">industry magazine Televiser</a>
 reported an enthusiastic response from the White House viewers: “If TV 
can do as good a job as that on perhaps the most difficult of all 
subjects to televise, then it really has arrived.” The public’s embrace of the World Series on television, along with 
the generous coverage of the telecasts by the press, provided an 
important boost to the nascent television industry. The Sporting News 
reported that the first televised World Series increased sales for new 
receivers in New York to levels not seen since the early days of radio. 
Similar reports came from dealers in Washington and Philadelphia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>,
 chairman of RCA – which owed NBC and was a leading manufacturer of 
receivers – regarded television’s coverage of baseball and its crowning 
event, the World Series, as one of the most important factors in 
triggering the growth of the new medium. Television makers, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Center_Field_Shot.html?id=6kPQhpS-X8YC">he concluded</a>,
 “had to have baseball games and if [baseball owners] had demanded 
millions for the rights, we would have had to give it to them.” The television industry eventually did pay millions and then billions for those rights. <a href="https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/2018/11/15/Media/MLB-Fox.aspx">Fox’s latest seven-year contract</a>, including rights to the World Series, pays Major League Baseball $5.1 billion. Happy Chandler’s 1947 demand for a $100,000 seems like quite a bargain today.James Walker is
 Emeritus Professor of Communication at Saint Xavier University.<div><iframe src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/193006/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"></iframe></div>

🎥 First televised World Series game sparked America's TV boom

Bonnie Kay Paris, 75, of Hutchinson, died October 27, 2022, at 
Hospice House. She was born September 13, 1947, in Goodland, to William 
and Irene (Murtz) Cape.

Bonnie enjoyed spending time with family and friends fishing, playing dice and cards, especially Rummy, and cold beer.

On February 22, 1963, she married Gary Paris Sr., in Denver, CO. He died September 17, 2010.

Survivors include: her daughter, Tina Dirksen (Steve) of Salina; 
daughter-of-the heart, Dody Woodring of Salina; grandchildren, Alicia 
Dirksen, Devon Dirksen, Shyanne Paris; great-grandchildren, Destany 
Dirksen, Tyson Robles, Taliyah Dirksen, Allie Dirksen, MacKenzie 
Dirksen, Gaven Dirksen; great-great-grandchildren, Dai’Sean Dirksen, 
Amiyah Dirksen, Arthur Bratton; sisters, Darlene and Virginia of Kansas 
City, MO; and many extended family members.

Bonnie was preceded in death by: her parents; sons, Gary Paris Jr. and James Paris; and seven siblings.

Graveside service will be 2 p.m. Tuesday, November 1, 2022, in Murdock Cemetery, 1682 SE 100 Ave., Murdock.

Friends may call from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., with family present to 
receive friends from 6-8 p.m. Monday, October 31, 2022, at Elliott 
Mortuary.

Memorials may be made to Bonnie Paris Memorial Fund, in care of Elliott Mortuary, 1219 N. Main, Hutchinson, KS 67501.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667079280842.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Bonnie Kay Paris, 75, of Hutchinson, died October 27, 2022, at 
Hospice House. She was born September 13, 1947, in Goodland, to William 
and Irene (Murtz) Cape.Bonnie enjoyed spending time with family and friends fishing, playing dice and cards, especially Rummy, and cold beer.On February 22, 1963, she married Gary Paris Sr., in Denver, CO. He died September 17, 2010.Survivors include: her daughter, Tina Dirksen (Steve) of Salina; 
daughter-of-the heart, Dody Woodring of Salina; grandchildren, Alicia 
Dirksen, Devon Dirksen, Shyanne Paris; great-grandchildren, Destany 
Dirksen, Tyson Robles, Taliyah Dirksen, Allie Dirksen, MacKenzie 
Dirksen, Gaven Dirksen; great-great-grandchildren, Dai’Sean Dirksen, 
Amiyah Dirksen, Arthur Bratton; sisters, Darlene and Virginia of Kansas 
City, MO; and many extended family members.Bonnie was preceded in death by: her parents; sons, Gary Paris Jr. and James Paris; and seven siblings.Graveside service will be 2 p.m. Tuesday, November 1, 2022, in Murdock Cemetery, 1682 SE 100 Ave., Murdock.Friends may call from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., with family present to 
receive friends from 6-8 p.m. Monday, October 31, 2022, at Elliott 
Mortuary.Memorials may be made to Bonnie Paris Memorial Fund, in care of Elliott Mortuary, 1219 N. Main, Hutchinson, KS 67501.

Bonnie Kay Paris

Thursday, January 23rd, 1936-Thursday, October 27th, 2022

An obituary is pending with Baalmann Mortuary.

Click <a href="https://memorials.baalmannmortuary.com/donald-birzer/5057271/index.php">HERE</a> for service details.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667079007598.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Thursday, January 23rd, 1936-Thursday, October 27th, 2022An obituary is pending with Baalmann Mortuary.Click <a href="https://memorials.baalmannmortuary.com/donald-birzer/5057271/index.php">HERE</a> for service details.

Donald Eugene Birzer

Billie Jo Breit, age 79, of Pfeifer, Kansas, left this earth and peacefully entered heaven’s gate on October 26, 2022. She was born on June 4, 1943, in Russell, Kansas, to Donald and Esther (Peterson) Sellens.

She graduated from Russell High School.&nbsp;She later met and fell in love with Peter D. Breit in May of 1960. They married in Russell, KS the following year, October 21, 1961. From this union they were blessed with 3 children, Darren, Brett and Amelia (Aimee).

Billie was a homemaker for many years before getting into the workforce. She was an incredible chef and baker.&nbsp; Family and holiday dinners were always delicious and hold many special memories. She made every family gathering special.

She was also an amazing seamstress.&nbsp;She could make something out of nothing.&nbsp; She loved to sew, making anything from clothes to quilts and bridal dresses. She always worked hard, no matter what she was doing.&nbsp; She always made sure that her family was taken care of.&nbsp; Not a day passed when we ever doubted the love she had for her family.

Billie is survived by her son and daughter-in-law, Brett and Babe Breit of Hays. Her daughter and son-in-law, Aimee and Roger Konrade of Gorham, Pete and Billie wished for grandchildren and were blessed with a grandson, Dayne Breit of Hays, who was their pride and joy.

She was preceded in death by her parents; husband; her first born, Darren Breit; brother, Bob Sellens; sister, Donita Seirer; and daughter-in-law, Deborah Rupp.

Mass of Christian Burial will be Monday, October 31, 2022 at 10 AM at Holy Cross Catholic Church - Pfeifer, Kansas - Inurnment will follow the services in the parish cemetery.

Memorial Visitation will be Sunday, October 30, 2022, from 6 PM to 8 PM with a combined parish vigil and rosary service at 7 PM at Brock's-Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, 2509 Vine Street, Hays, Kansas 67601 and from 9 AM to service time at the church on Monday.

Memorials are suggested to:&nbsp; The Humane Society of the High Plains in care of the Brock's~Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, PO Box 86, Hays, KS 67601

Condolences may be left by guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667078602703.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Billie Jo Breit, age 79, of Pfeifer, Kansas, left this earth and peacefully entered heaven’s gate on October 26, 2022. She was born on June 4, 1943, in Russell, Kansas, to Donald and Esther (Peterson) Sellens.She graduated from Russell High School.&nbsp;She later met and fell in love with Peter D. Breit in May of 1960. They married in Russell, KS the following year, October 21, 1961. From this union they were blessed with 3 children, Darren, Brett and Amelia (Aimee).Billie was a homemaker for many years before getting into the workforce. She was an incredible chef and baker.&nbsp; Family and holiday dinners were always delicious and hold many special memories. She made every family gathering special.She was also an amazing seamstress.&nbsp;She could make something out of nothing.&nbsp; She loved to sew, making anything from clothes to quilts and bridal dresses. She always worked hard, no matter what she was doing.&nbsp; She always made sure that her family was taken care of.&nbsp; Not a day passed when we ever doubted the love she had for her family.Billie is survived by her son and daughter-in-law, Brett and Babe Breit of Hays. Her daughter and son-in-law, Aimee and Roger Konrade of Gorham, Pete and Billie wished for grandchildren and were blessed with a grandson, Dayne Breit of Hays, who was their pride and joy.She was preceded in death by her parents; husband; her first born, Darren Breit; brother, Bob Sellens; sister, Donita Seirer; and daughter-in-law, Deborah Rupp.Mass of Christian Burial will be Monday, October 31, 2022 at 10 AM at Holy Cross Catholic Church - Pfeifer, Kansas - Inurnment will follow the services in the parish cemetery.Memorial Visitation will be Sunday, October 30, 2022, from 6 PM to 8 PM with a combined parish vigil and rosary service at 7 PM at Brock's-Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, 2509 Vine Street, Hays, Kansas 67601 and from 9 AM to service time at the church on Monday.Memorials are suggested to:&nbsp; The Humane Society of the High Plains in care of the Brock's~Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, PO Box 86, Hays, KS 67601 Condolences may be left by guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

Billie Jo Breit

Ronald “Ron” Legleiter, age 77, of Overland Park, Kansas, passed away Thursday, October 27, 2022, in Overland Park. Ron was born August 9, 1945, in Hays, Kansas, to Julius and Olivia (Befort) Legleiter. Ron was a graduate of St. Joseph’s Military Academy. On April 19, 1965, he married Helen (Gottschalk) Legleiter in Hays. She preceded him in death on August 31, 2015. Ron worked for UPS where he drove a semi for over 25 years.&nbsp; He also managed their short-term disability fund.&nbsp; He was actively involved with the Knights of Columbus, enjoyed mowing at the City of Overland Park golf course after retiring from UPS, golfing, spending time with his grandkids - and rarely missed any of their activities and sporting events, and he enjoyed listening to polka music. He was a US Army veteran serving during peacetime and he was a member of Ascension Catholic Church in Overland Park. Ron is survived by sons, Eric Legleiter and wife Becky of Piedmont, OK, Jamie Legleiter of Des Moines, IA, and Michael Legleiter, of Omaha, NE; and daughter, Jennifer Durham and husband Ben of Overland Park, KS; a sister, Firma Schmidt and husband Gary of Ft. Collins, CO; grandchildren, Zachary Legleiter and wife Lauren of Dallas, TX, Madison Demby of Piedmont, OK, Cameron Legleiter and wife Heather, Taylor Sula and husband Jhorel, Morgan Legleiter, Bailey Bechtel and husband Derek, Riley Legleiter all of Des Moines, IA, Breanna Legleiter, Jacob Legleiter both of Omaha NE, Brooklynn Durham, Easton Durham, Lukas Durham all of Overland Park, KS; great grandchildren, Brooks Demby, Elliot (Ellie) Demby both of Piedmont, OK, Kennedy Legleiter of Dallas, TX, Emmet Sula, Ellis Sula, and Lucy Legleiter all of Des Moines, IA. He was preceded in death by his parents, his wife, and a brother, Dave Legleiter. Funeral services will be 10:00 AM Thursday, November 3, 2022, at Immaculate Heart of Mary Church in Hays.&nbsp; Burial will follow in the St. Joseph's Cemetery, Hays. Visitation will be Wednesday 5 PM - 8 PM and Thursday 9 AM -9:30 AM all at Brock's-Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, 2509 Vine, Hays, KS 67601. A combined rosary and parish vigil will be at 7 PM on Wednesday at the funeral chapel. Memorial contributions are suggested to the Knights of Columbus. Condolences may be left by guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667078500860.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Ronald “Ron” Legleiter, age 77, of Overland Park, Kansas, passed away Thursday, October 27, 2022, in Overland Park. Ron was born August 9, 1945, in Hays, Kansas, to Julius and Olivia (Befort) Legleiter. Ron was a graduate of St. Joseph’s Military Academy. On April 19, 1965, he married Helen (Gottschalk) Legleiter in Hays. She preceded him in death on August 31, 2015. Ron worked for UPS where he drove a semi for over 25 years.&nbsp; He also managed their short-term disability fund.&nbsp; He was actively involved with the Knights of Columbus, enjoyed mowing at the City of Overland Park golf course after retiring from UPS, golfing, spending time with his grandkids - and rarely missed any of their activities and sporting events, and he enjoyed listening to polka music. He was a US Army veteran serving during peacetime and he was a member of Ascension Catholic Church in Overland Park. Ron is survived by sons, Eric Legleiter and wife Becky of Piedmont, OK, Jamie Legleiter of Des Moines, IA, and Michael Legleiter, of Omaha, NE; and daughter, Jennifer Durham and husband Ben of Overland Park, KS; a sister, Firma Schmidt and husband Gary of Ft. Collins, CO; grandchildren, Zachary Legleiter and wife Lauren of Dallas, TX, Madison Demby of Piedmont, OK, Cameron Legleiter and wife Heather, Taylor Sula and husband Jhorel, Morgan Legleiter, Bailey Bechtel and husband Derek, Riley Legleiter all of Des Moines, IA, Breanna Legleiter, Jacob Legleiter both of Omaha NE, Brooklynn Durham, Easton Durham, Lukas Durham all of Overland Park, KS; great grandchildren, Brooks Demby, Elliot (Ellie) Demby both of Piedmont, OK, Kennedy Legleiter of Dallas, TX, Emmet Sula, Ellis Sula, and Lucy Legleiter all of Des Moines, IA. He was preceded in death by his parents, his wife, and a brother, Dave Legleiter. Funeral services will be 10:00 AM Thursday, November 3, 2022, at Immaculate Heart of Mary Church in Hays.&nbsp; Burial will follow in the St. Joseph's Cemetery, Hays. Visitation will be Wednesday 5 PM - 8 PM and Thursday 9 AM -9:30 AM all at Brock's-Keithley Funeral Chapel and Crematory, 2509 Vine, Hays, KS 67601. A combined rosary and parish vigil will be at 7 PM on Wednesday at the funeral chapel. Memorial contributions are suggested to the Knights of Columbus. Condolences may be left by guest book at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com/">www.keithleyfuneralchapels.com</a>

Ronald 'Ron' Legleiter

Gloria Ann Heikes, 87, died October 24, 2022, at Kenwood View in 
Salina, Kansas. She was born August 11, 1935, to Charles Earl and Winnie
 Neta (Emmons) Personett, in Lenora, Kansas. She married Donald E. 
Heikes April 10, 1955, in Lenora, Kansas. To this union three children 
were born:  a daughter Neva and two sons Kevin and Bryce.

Gloria
 was preceded in death by her parents and her son Kevin. Those left to 
mourn her passing include her husband, Donald E. Heikes, of the home in 
Lenora; her daughter Neva Heikes of Salina, Kansas; her son Bryce Heikes
 of Mexico; and a granddaughter Serina Heikes.

A
 funeral service was held Saturday, October 29, 2022, at the Lenora 
Community Center with burial following in Lenora South Cemetery, Lenora.


  Memorials are suggested to the Lillian Rowe Sanctuary in Gibbon, 
Nebraska or the Ladies Auxiliary of Lenora United Parish and may be sent
 in care of Stinemetz Funeral Home, 522 N. Pomeroy Ave., Hill City, 
Kansas 67642. Arrangements were by Stinemetz Funeral Home. Online 
condolences may be left on the Stinemetz website www.stinemetzfh.com.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667078793212.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Gloria Ann Heikes, 87, died October 24, 2022, at Kenwood View in 
Salina, Kansas. She was born August 11, 1935, to Charles Earl and Winnie
 Neta (Emmons) Personett, in Lenora, Kansas. She married Donald E. 
Heikes April 10, 1955, in Lenora, Kansas. To this union three children 
were born: a daughter Neva and two sons Kevin and Bryce.Gloria
 was preceded in death by her parents and her son Kevin. Those left to 
mourn her passing include her husband, Donald E. Heikes, of the home in 
Lenora; her daughter Neva Heikes of Salina, Kansas; her son Bryce Heikes
 of Mexico; and a granddaughter Serina Heikes.A
 funeral service was held Saturday, October 29, 2022, at the Lenora 
Community Center with burial following in Lenora South Cemetery, Lenora.
 Memorials are suggested to the Lillian Rowe Sanctuary in Gibbon, 
Nebraska or the Ladies Auxiliary of Lenora United Parish and may be sent
 in care of Stinemetz Funeral Home, 522 N. Pomeroy Ave., Hill City, 
Kansas 67642. Arrangements were by Stinemetz Funeral Home. Online 
condolences may be left on the Stinemetz website www.stinemetzfh.com.

Gloria Ann Heikes

Saturday, October 19th, 1946-Saturday, October 29th, 2022

An obituary and services are pending with Baalmann Mortuary.

Saturday, October 19th, 1946-Saturday, October 29th, 2022An obituary and services are pending with Baalmann Mortuary.

Marvin Franklin Cloe

By JOEL BEST <a href="https://theconversation.com/rainbow-fentanyl-the-newest-halloween-scare-191818">The Conversation</a>

Every year around the middle of October, reporters start contacting 
me wanting to talk about rumors of contaminated Halloween treats. 

That’s because I track media coverage of reported incidents of 
trick-or-treaters receiving razor blades in apples or pins and poison in
 candy bars. <a href="https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/726/DSpace.revised%20thru%2021.pdf?sequence=3&amp;isAllowed=y">My data goes back to 1958</a>,
 and my principal finding is simple: I can’t find any evidence that any 
child has ever been killed or seriously injured by a contaminated treat 
picked up in the course of trick-or-treating.

This often surprises people who assume that Halloween sadism is both very real and very common.

Stories about contaminated treats <a href="https://theconversation.com/when-halloween-became-americas-most-dangerous-holiday-123132">are best understood as contemporary legends</a>.
 They’re tales we’ve all heard, that we’ve been assured are true. They 
warn that we live in a dangerous world filled with villainous strangers 
who could harm us if we aren’t careful.

This year, reporters began reaching out earlier than usual, in late 
September, and they wanted to talk about a new alleged threat: “<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/young-people-are-targeted-brightly-colored-rainbow-fentanyl-government-rcna49503">rainbow fentanyl</a>.”

<a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-fentanyl-and-why-is-it-behind-the-deadly-surge-in-us-drug-overdoses-a-medical-toxicologist-explains-182629">Fentanyl</a>
 is a very powerful synthetic opioid that has caused thousands of 
overdoses and deaths over the past two decades. In August 2022, <a href="https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2022/08/30/dea-warns-brightly-colored-fentanyl-used-target-young-americans">drug enforcement authorities</a> noted that pills containing fentanyl were being manufactured in various colors. DEA Administrator Anne Milgram <a href="https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2022/08/30/dea-warns-brightly-colored-fentanyl-used-target-young-americans">said</a>,
 “Rainbow fentanyl – fentanyl pills and powder that come in a variety of
 bright colors, shapes and sizes – is a deliberate effort by drug 
traffickers to drive addiction amongst kids and young adults.”

Many news outlets covered <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/young-people-are-targeted-brightly-colored-rainbow-fentanyl-government-rcna49503">this story</a>,
 including the notion that the colors might be some sort of marketing 
ploy to attract younger drug users. But then some people started 
connecting rainbow fentanyl to Halloween.

<a href="https://www.snopes.com/news/2022/09/28/rainbow-fentanyl-scare-halloween/">Interviewed on Fox News</a>
 on Sept. 20, 2022, Republican National Committee Chairwoman Ronna 
McDaniel declared, “Every mom in the country is worried, what if this 
gets into my kid’s Halloween basket?” <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/fox-news-goes-into-full-panic-on-rainbow-fentanyl-advises-against-trick-or-treating-this-halloween">Other Fox commentators</a>
 suggested that parents might want to protect their children by not 
letting them go trick-or-treating this year. And, to prove the 
bipartisan appeal of protecting children, Senate Majority Leader Chuck 
Schumer, a Democrat, <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/sen-chuck-schumer-warns-drug-dealers-pushing-rainbow-fentanyl-to-children/">repeated the warnings</a>.

It’s worth considering what’s familiar and what’s new about these warnings.  

One fairly standard element is commentators’ readiness to link 
September crime news to the possibility that it might presage what could
 happen on Halloween. 

In 1982 there was a spate of <a href="https://history.com/news/extra-strength-tylenol-poisonings-1982">Tylenol poisonings</a>
 – seven people died after purchasing and consuming tampered packages of
 pills. Many commentators then warned that parents needed to be extra 
vigilant when examining Halloween treats. Those deaths also led to a 
dramatic increase in protective packaging for all sorts of products to 
discourage tampering.

Similarly, the 9/11 terrorist attacks led to rumors about Halloween 2001 threats – that there were plans to <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mall-o-ween/">attack a mall</a> where some parents let their children go trick-or-treating, or that terrorists had purchased <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/candy-man/">massive amounts of candy</a>, presumably so they could poison the treats before distributing them.

Trends in recreational or illicit drug use often make the jump to 
Halloween warnings. In 2014, the year that Colorado first allowed 
state-licensed retail sales of recreational marijuana, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wQdLzyN8AU">the Denver Police posted online warnings</a> that parents ought to keep an eye out for THC-laced edible candies in Halloween treats. Yet after Halloween had passed, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/10/27/16512108/marijuana-legalization-halloween-candy-edibles">a department spokesperson admitted</a>, “We are not aware of any cases of children ingesting marijuana candy during Halloween season.”

Similarly, in 2019, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/28/health/cdc-vaping-death-data-mmwr">September reports</a>
 of deaths caused by vaping black-market THC-infused cartridges were 
coupled with news that Pennsylvania authorities had confiscated 
commercial THC candies – supposedly smuggled from a state where they 
could be purchased legally – to generate another round of Halloween 
warnings.

One obvious hole in these concerns is that drugs tend to cost more than candy – <a href="https://blog.heyemjay.com/how-much-are-edibles/">marijuana edibles</a>, for example, run somewhere in the neighborhood of a dollar or two per dose or more.

Fentanyl is considerably more <a href="https://bedrockrecoverycenter.com/street-price-of-drugs/prescription/fentanyl/">expensive</a>.
 It is not unreasonable to wonder just what a fentanyl dealer’s 
overarching goal might be if in passing the drug off as candy. The 
suggestion that a school-age kid would go from accidental user of 
fentanyl to a paying addict is far-fetched.

Of course, the villains in contemporary legends aren’t expected to 
behave rationally. Ask why gang members would attempt to kill motorists 
who <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lights-out/">blink their headlights at them</a>
 – an urban legend from the 1980s – and the response is likely to be, 
“That’s just the sort of thing those sadistic people do.” It might not 
make any sense for someone to give a brightly colored opioid pill or 
THC-infused candy to a small child, but it isn’t impossible, is it? Such
 reasoning is thought to justify ringing the alarm bells.

Often there is a kernel of truth to these fears. Certainly fentanyl is a dangerous drug. But American history <a href="https://www.routledge.com/American-Fear-The-Causes-and-Consequences-of-High-Anxiety/Stearns/p/book/9780415955423">can be read as a long line of fears</a>
 about witches, immigrants, drugs, conspirators and so on. These fears 
emerge as reflections of current social changes. Yes, things are always 
changing, and this can always frighten some people. But it is also true 
that, in retrospect, these fears are usually exaggerated.

What seems new about describing rainbow fentanyl as a Halloween 
danger is the willingness of important political figures and news media 
outlets to spread the warnings. Most past claims about Halloween sadism 
lack such prominent spokespeople. 

But in a time when many news outlets seem intent on maintaining their audiences by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211024776">frightening them</a>, and increased <a href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-072012-113747">political polarization</a>
 seems to stall efforts to devise workable social policies, calls for 
protecting our children from the threats of boogeyman drug dealers 
return us to the spirit of Halloween: offering up fresh ways to keep 
people scared.

Joel Best is a Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1665690039150.jpg" alt="Trends in recreational or illicit drug use often make the jump to Halloween warnings. Image courtesy of Pixabay" />
 <figcaption>Trends in recreational or illicit drug use often make the jump to Halloween warnings. Image courtesy of Pixabay</figcaption>
 </figure>By JOEL BEST <a href="https://theconversation.com/rainbow-fentanyl-the-newest-halloween-scare-191818">The Conversation</a>Every year around the middle of October, reporters start contacting 
me wanting to talk about rumors of contaminated Halloween treats. That’s because I track media coverage of reported incidents of 
trick-or-treaters receiving razor blades in apples or pins and poison in
 candy bars. <a href="https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/726/DSpace.revised%20thru%2021.pdf?sequence=3&amp;isAllowed=y">My data goes back to 1958</a>,
 and my principal finding is simple: I can’t find any evidence that any 
child has ever been killed or seriously injured by a contaminated treat 
picked up in the course of trick-or-treating. This often surprises people who assume that Halloween sadism is both very real and very common.Stories about contaminated treats <a href="https://theconversation.com/when-halloween-became-americas-most-dangerous-holiday-123132">are best understood as contemporary legends</a>.
 They’re tales we’ve all heard, that we’ve been assured are true. They 
warn that we live in a dangerous world filled with villainous strangers 
who could harm us if we aren’t careful.This year, reporters began reaching out earlier than usual, in late 
September, and they wanted to talk about a new alleged threat: “<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/young-people-are-targeted-brightly-colored-rainbow-fentanyl-government-rcna49503">rainbow fentanyl</a>.”<h2>Kids are next</h2><a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-fentanyl-and-why-is-it-behind-the-deadly-surge-in-us-drug-overdoses-a-medical-toxicologist-explains-182629">Fentanyl</a>
 is a very powerful synthetic opioid that has caused thousands of 
overdoses and deaths over the past two decades. In August 2022, <a href="https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2022/08/30/dea-warns-brightly-colored-fentanyl-used-target-young-americans">drug enforcement authorities</a> noted that pills containing fentanyl were being manufactured in various colors. DEA Administrator Anne Milgram <a href="https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2022/08/30/dea-warns-brightly-colored-fentanyl-used-target-young-americans">said</a>,
 “Rainbow fentanyl – fentanyl pills and powder that come in a variety of
 bright colors, shapes and sizes – is a deliberate effort by drug 
traffickers to drive addiction amongst kids and young adults.”Many news outlets covered <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/young-people-are-targeted-brightly-colored-rainbow-fentanyl-government-rcna49503">this story</a>,
 including the notion that the colors might be some sort of marketing 
ploy to attract younger drug users. But then some people started 
connecting rainbow fentanyl to Halloween.<a href="https://www.snopes.com/news/2022/09/28/rainbow-fentanyl-scare-halloween/">Interviewed on Fox News</a>
 on Sept. 20, 2022, Republican National Committee Chairwoman Ronna 
McDaniel declared, “Every mom in the country is worried, what if this 
gets into my kid’s Halloween basket?” <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/fox-news-goes-into-full-panic-on-rainbow-fentanyl-advises-against-trick-or-treating-this-halloween">Other Fox commentators</a>
 suggested that parents might want to protect their children by not 
letting them go trick-or-treating this year. And, to prove the 
bipartisan appeal of protecting children, Senate Majority Leader Chuck 
Schumer, a Democrat, <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/sen-chuck-schumer-warns-drug-dealers-pushing-rainbow-fentanyl-to-children/">repeated the warnings</a>.<h2>September crime lays the groundwork</h2>It’s worth considering what’s familiar and what’s new about these warnings. One fairly standard element is commentators’ readiness to link 
September crime news to the possibility that it might presage what could
 happen on Halloween. In 1982 there was a spate of <a href="https://history.com/news/extra-strength-tylenol-poisonings-1982">Tylenol poisonings</a>
 – seven people died after purchasing and consuming tampered packages of
 pills. Many commentators then warned that parents needed to be extra 
vigilant when examining Halloween treats. Those deaths also led to a 
dramatic increase in protective packaging for all sorts of products to 
discourage tampering. Similarly, the 9/11 terrorist attacks led to rumors about Halloween 2001 threats – that there were plans to <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/mall-o-ween/">attack a mall</a> where some parents let their children go trick-or-treating, or that terrorists had purchased <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/candy-man/">massive amounts of candy</a>, presumably so they could poison the treats before distributing them.Trends in recreational or illicit drug use often make the jump to 
Halloween warnings. In 2014, the year that Colorado first allowed 
state-licensed retail sales of recreational marijuana, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wQdLzyN8AU">the Denver Police posted online warnings</a> that parents ought to keep an eye out for THC-laced edible candies in Halloween treats. Yet after Halloween had passed, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/10/27/16512108/marijuana-legalization-halloween-candy-edibles">a department spokesperson admitted</a>, “We are not aware of any cases of children ingesting marijuana candy during Halloween season.” Similarly, in 2019, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/28/health/cdc-vaping-death-data-mmwr">September reports</a>
 of deaths caused by vaping black-market THC-infused cartridges were 
coupled with news that Pennsylvania authorities had confiscated 
commercial THC candies – supposedly smuggled from a state where they 
could be purchased legally – to generate another round of Halloween 
warnings.<h2>The irrationality of it all</h2>One obvious hole in these concerns is that drugs tend to cost more than candy – <a href="https://blog.heyemjay.com/how-much-are-edibles/">marijuana edibles</a>, for example, run somewhere in the neighborhood of a dollar or two per dose or more. Fentanyl is considerably more <a href="https://bedrockrecoverycenter.com/street-price-of-drugs/prescription/fentanyl/">expensive</a>.
 It is not unreasonable to wonder just what a fentanyl dealer’s 
overarching goal might be if in passing the drug off as candy. The 
suggestion that a school-age kid would go from accidental user of 
fentanyl to a paying addict is far-fetched.Of course, the villains in contemporary legends aren’t expected to 
behave rationally. Ask why gang members would attempt to kill motorists 
who <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lights-out/">blink their headlights at them</a>
 – an urban legend from the 1980s – and the response is likely to be, 
“That’s just the sort of thing those sadistic people do.” It might not 
make any sense for someone to give a brightly colored opioid pill or 
THC-infused candy to a small child, but it isn’t impossible, is it? Such
 reasoning is thought to justify ringing the alarm bells.Often there is a kernel of truth to these fears. Certainly fentanyl is a dangerous drug. But American history <a href="https://www.routledge.com/American-Fear-The-Causes-and-Consequences-of-High-Anxiety/Stearns/p/book/9780415955423">can be read as a long line of fears</a>
 about witches, immigrants, drugs, conspirators and so on. These fears 
emerge as reflections of current social changes. Yes, things are always 
changing, and this can always frighten some people. But it is also true 
that, in retrospect, these fears are usually exaggerated.What seems new about describing rainbow fentanyl as a Halloween 
danger is the willingness of important political figures and news media 
outlets to spread the warnings. Most past claims about Halloween sadism 
lack such prominent spokespeople. But in a time when many news outlets seem intent on maintaining their audiences by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211024776">frightening them</a>, and increased <a href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-polisci-072012-113747">political polarization</a>
 seems to stall efforts to devise workable social policies, calls for 
protecting our children from the threats of boogeyman drug dealers 
return us to the spirit of Halloween: offering up fresh ways to keep 
people scared.Joel Best is a Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware.<div><iframe src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/191818/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade"></iframe></div>

Rainbow fentanyl — the newest Halloween scare

WASHINGTON (AP) — It’s something that goes along with being a member of Congress, no matter your party or your status: constant threats to your life, and the unshakeable feeling that they’re only getting worse.

In the almost two years since the&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/hub/capitol-siege">Capitol insurrection,</a>&nbsp;in which supporters of former President Donald Trump broke into the Capitol and hunted House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and members of Congress, threats to lawmakers and their families have increased sharply. Early Friday, an&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/paul-pelosi-assaulted-156ece77186eb11b97260af3c5122f67">assailant looking for Pelosi</a>&nbsp;broke into her San Francisco home and used a hammer to attack her husband Paul, who suffered blunt-force injuries and was hospitalized.

It is, in fact, getting worse: The U.S. Capitol Police investigated almost 10,000 threats to members last year, more than twice the number from four years earlier.

“We are 100%, completely vulnerable and the risks are increasing,” says Illinois Rep. Mike Quigley, a Chicago-area Democrat. “If someone wants to harm you, they know where you live, they know where you work.”

Lawmakers have pressured congressional leaders and the Capitol Police for better security, especially for their families and their homes outside of Washington. They have made some progress, with security officials promising to pay for upgrades to certain security systems and an increased Capitol Police presence outside Washington. But the vast majority of members are mostly on their own as they figure out how to keep themselves and their families safe in a country where political violence has become alarmingly frequent.

The attack on Paul Pelosi happened when Nancy Pelosi was out of town, which meant there was less of a security presence in their home.

“It’s attacks like this that make all of us stand back and wonder what we can do better,” says Rep. Rodney Davis, R-Ill., who was at a baseball practice four years ago in Alexandria, Virginia, when a gunman wounded Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., and four other people.

Davis, who was defeated for reelection in his Republican primary earlier this year, says security needs to be improved for members and their families, and “we also have to work to tone down some of the violent rhetoric that inspires some of these individuals to do what they do.”

As have many of their colleagues, Davis and Quigley both say they have improved security at their homes in recent years. Two years after the baseball shooting, an Illinois man was arrested for threatening to shoot Davis in the head. Randall Tarr pleaded guilty to federal charges and was sentenced to probation.

Davis has since urged his colleagues to report all threats to the police and work with local prosecutors to make sure people are charged. “You’ve got to take that threat seriously,” he says.

Incidents like that are disturbingly common. On Friday, just hours after the assault on Pelosi, the Justice Department announced that a man pleaded guilty to making threatening telephone calls to an unidentified California congressman’s office and saying he had “a lot of AR-15s” and wanted to kill the congressman and members of his staff.

In July, a man accosted New York&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/lee-zeldin-ny-governor-nominee-attacked-2189bf9c19b1d52f9a824f770e400399">Rep. Lee Zeldin,</a>&nbsp;a Republican who is running for governor of New York, as he spoke at a campaign event and told Zeldin, “You’re done.” Zeldin wrestled the man to the ground and escaped with only a minor scrape.

Rep. Pramila Jayapal, D-Wash., revealed earlier this year that a man came to her house with a gun, screaming obscenities. After the incident, she wrote congressional leaders a letter and asked them to do more to keep members safe.

Lawmakers have received some upgraded security since the Jan. 6 insurrection. In July, the House Sergeant at Arms sent a letter to all House offices saying that members could have up to $10,000 reimbursed for security upgrades in their homes, including intrusion detection systems, cameras, locks and lighting. But in reality, sophisticated security can cost much more.

And some members do get added security, if there are serious threats. Nancy Pelosi and other congressional leaders have Capitol Police security with them at all times, as do members who are deemed to be most vulnerable at any given time. That security apparatus doesn’t always extend to families when the member isn’t at home, however, making spouses like Paul Pelosi more vulnerable.

Members of the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 insurrection also have round-the-clock protection. Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., the chair of the committee, issued a statement Friday urging “federal agencies and law enforcement to redouble their efforts to protect officials, our elections, and our democracy in the days ahead.”

Illinois Rep. Adam Kinzinger, one of two Republicans on that committee, recently released menacing voicemails he had received threatening his wife and baby. Kinzinger tweeted Friday after Paul Pelosi’s assault that “every GOP candidate and elected official must speak out, and now.”

Republican Rep. Davis also urged his colleagues, Democrat and Republican, to condemn the attack.

“The attack on Paul Pelosi is not only an attack on Nancy Pelosi and her family,” Davis said. “It’s an attack on all of us.”

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1666975658521.jpeg" alt="Police investigators work outside the home of Paul Pelosi, the husband of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, in San Francisco, Friday, Oct. 28, 2022. Paul Pelosi, was attacked and severely beaten by an assailant with a hammer who broke into their San Francisco home early Friday, according to people familiar with the investigation. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg)" />
 <figcaption>Police investigators work outside the home of Paul Pelosi, the husband of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, in San Francisco, Friday, Oct. 28, 2022. Paul Pelosi, was attacked and severely beaten by an assailant with a hammer who broke into their San Francisco home early Friday, according to people familiar with the investigation. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg)</figcaption>
 </figure>WASHINGTON (AP) — It’s something that goes along with being a member of Congress, no matter your party or your status: constant threats to your life, and the unshakeable feeling that they’re only getting worse.<div><blockquote class="twitter-tweet">The attack against Speaker Pelosi’s husband is awful and should not be tolerated. Praying for Mr. Pelosi’s full and speedy recovery. Thank you to the officers who arrested the perpetrator and to all law enforcement who put their lives on the line each and every day.&mdash; Senator Jerry Moran (@JerryMoran) <a href="https://twitter.com/JerryMoran/status/1586136082051395584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 28, 2022</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>In the almost two years since the&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/hub/capitol-siege">Capitol insurrection,</a>&nbsp;in which supporters of former President Donald Trump broke into the Capitol and hunted House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and members of Congress, threats to lawmakers and their families have increased sharply. Early Friday, an&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/paul-pelosi-assaulted-156ece77186eb11b97260af3c5122f67">assailant looking for Pelosi</a>&nbsp;broke into her San Francisco home and used a hammer to attack her husband Paul, who suffered blunt-force injuries and was hospitalized.It is, in fact, getting worse: The U.S. Capitol Police investigated almost 10,000 threats to members last year, more than twice the number from four years earlier.“We are 100%, completely vulnerable and the risks are increasing,” says Illinois Rep. Mike Quigley, a Chicago-area Democrat. “If someone wants to harm you, they know where you live, they know where you work.”Lawmakers have pressured congressional leaders and the Capitol Police for better security, especially for their families and their homes outside of Washington. They have made some progress, with security officials promising to pay for upgrades to certain security systems and an increased Capitol Police presence outside Washington. But the vast majority of members are mostly on their own as they figure out how to keep themselves and their families safe in a country where political violence has become alarmingly frequent.The attack on Paul Pelosi happened when Nancy Pelosi was out of town, which meant there was less of a security presence in their home.“It’s attacks like this that make all of us stand back and wonder what we can do better,” says Rep. Rodney Davis, R-Ill., who was at a baseball practice four years ago in Alexandria, Virginia, when a gunman wounded Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., and four other people.Davis, who was defeated for reelection in his Republican primary earlier this year, says security needs to be improved for members and their families, and “we also have to work to tone down some of the violent rhetoric that inspires some of these individuals to do what they do.”As have many of their colleagues, Davis and Quigley both say they have improved security at their homes in recent years. Two years after the baseball shooting, an Illinois man was arrested for threatening to shoot Davis in the head. Randall Tarr pleaded guilty to federal charges and was sentenced to probation.Davis has since urged his colleagues to report all threats to the police and work with local prosecutors to make sure people are charged. “You’ve got to take that threat seriously,” he says.Incidents like that are disturbingly common. On Friday, just hours after the assault on Pelosi, the Justice Department announced that a man pleaded guilty to making threatening telephone calls to an unidentified California congressman’s office and saying he had “a lot of AR-15s” and wanted to kill the congressman and members of his staff.In July, a man accosted New York&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/article/lee-zeldin-ny-governor-nominee-attacked-2189bf9c19b1d52f9a824f770e400399">Rep. Lee Zeldin,</a>&nbsp;a Republican who is running for governor of New York, as he spoke at a campaign event and told Zeldin, “You’re done.” Zeldin wrestled the man to the ground and escaped with only a minor scrape.Rep. Pramila Jayapal, D-Wash., revealed earlier this year that a man came to her house with a gun, screaming obscenities. After the incident, she wrote congressional leaders a letter and asked them to do more to keep members safe.Lawmakers have received some upgraded security since the Jan. 6 insurrection. In July, the House Sergeant at Arms sent a letter to all House offices saying that members could have up to $10,000 reimbursed for security upgrades in their homes, including intrusion detection systems, cameras, locks and lighting. But in reality, sophisticated security can cost much more.And some members do get added security, if there are serious threats. Nancy Pelosi and other congressional leaders have Capitol Police security with them at all times, as do members who are deemed to be most vulnerable at any given time. That security apparatus doesn’t always extend to families when the member isn’t at home, however, making spouses like Paul Pelosi more vulnerable.Members of the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 insurrection also have round-the-clock protection. Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Miss., the chair of the committee, issued a statement Friday urging “federal agencies and law enforcement to redouble their efforts to protect officials, our elections, and our democracy in the days ahead.”Illinois Rep. Adam Kinzinger, one of two Republicans on that committee, recently released menacing voicemails he had received threatening his wife and baby. Kinzinger tweeted Friday after Paul Pelosi’s assault that “every GOP candidate and elected official must speak out, and now.”Republican Rep. Davis also urged his colleagues, Democrat and Republican, to condemn the attack.“The attack on Paul Pelosi is not only an attack on Nancy Pelosi and her family,” Davis said. “It’s an attack on all of us.”

Attack on Pelosi home highlights rising threats to lawmakers

On Tuesday October 25, 2022, Charles Dewain May, age 90, beloved Dad, 
Grandpa, Great Grandpa, Brother, Uncle and friend to many passed away in
 Salina, Kansas surrounded by family.

Charles was born to Maude Della (Fink) and Harry Clay May in Codell, Kansas on July 8, 1932.

He
 was a veteran of the Korean Conflict, serving in the U.S. Navy as 
an&nbsp;Aviation Machinists Mate 3rd Class. Following his honorable 
discharge, he married Bernita May (Bates) on June 19, 1955, in Lucas, 
Kansas.&nbsp; Charles then attended Kansas State University where he received
 a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering and went on to a full career
 as a Civil Engineer earning his Professional Engineering License along 
the way.&nbsp;One of the&nbsp;biggest joys in his career was the opportunity to 
share his knowledge, mentor and teach others.  He taught Civil 
Engineering Technology at Kansas Technical Institute early in his career
 and he gave back to his profession post retirement by teaching 
Certified Inspector Training (CIT) at Kansas State University Salina 
campus for several years.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2022/10/1667057421941.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>On Tuesday October 25, 2022, Charles Dewain May, age 90, beloved Dad, 
Grandpa, Great Grandpa, Brother, Uncle and friend to many passed away in
 Salina, Kansas surrounded by family.Charles was born to Maude Della (Fink) and Harry Clay May in Codell, Kansas on July 8, 1932.He
 was a veteran of the Korean Conflict, serving in the U.S. Navy as 
an&nbsp;Aviation Machinists Mate 3rd Class. Following his honorable 
discharge, he married Bernita May (Bates) on June 19, 1955, in Lucas, 
Kansas.&nbsp; Charles then attended Kansas State University where he received
 a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering and went on to a full career
 as a Civil Engineer earning his Professional Engineering License along 
the way.&nbsp;One of the&nbsp;biggest joys in his career was the opportunity to 
share his knowledge, mentor and teach others. He taught Civil 
Engineering Technology at Kansas Technical Institute early in his career
 and he gave back to his profession post retirement by teaching 
Certified Inspector Training (CIT) at Kansas State University Salina 
campus for several years.Charles was an avid 
woodworker.&nbsp; Following retirement, he spent countless hours perfecting 
his craft in his shop and loved to share his woodworking talents. Many 
who knew him have cherished works that he created and gifted over the 
years. Time spent with his family and especially his grandchildren was 
the absolute light of his life as he spent many days traveling to watch 
their activities over the years.Charles was a 
dedicated Mason with a 60+ year membership of the Masonic Lodge of 
Marion, Ks where he achieved the rank of 32nd degree. He was also an 
active Shriner in Salina, Kansas in his younger years.Charles was preceded in death by his loving wife, Bernita; father, Harry Clay, his mother, Maude, 3 sisters and 5 brothers.&nbsp;He
 is survived by his daughters, Traci Lamar (Mike) of Raleigh, North 
Carolina, Sally Crawford (Rod), of Salina, Kansas; son, Chuck May 
(Marianne), of Wichita, Kansas; his 6 grandchildren, Morgan (Erica), 
Charles (Fatima), Trey (Lydia), Paige, Rhiana, Robby, and 4 great 
grandchildren, Emerson, Ellie, Zoey and Eva;&nbsp;his brother, Bob May of 
Hays, Kansas; and many nieces and nephews.A 
Celebration of Life and Memorial Service will be held on Friday November
 11, 2022, at 11:00 am at Carlson-Geisendorf Funeral Home in Salina, 
Kansas. Family burial to follow at the Lucas Cemetery in Lucas, Kansas. 
Memorial donations may be made to Kansas State University College of 
Engineering-Department of Civil Engineering or Hospice of Salina, Kansas
 in care of Carlson-Geisendorf Funeral Home 500 S. Ohio St., Salina, 
Kansas 67401.