BY RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development&nbsp;

Customer service. That was the role which began one young woman’s career in telecommunications. Now she is leading that same company which is serving customers’ technology needs in new and innovative ways.&nbsp;

Catherine Moyer is chief executive officer of Pioneer Communications, a rural telecommunications company headquartered in Ulysses. She grew up in Ulysses and went to college in Vermont. Her first job was at Pioneer Communications, where she worked as a frontline customer service representative.&nbsp;

Pioneer is one of many local telephone companies formed across rural America in the 1940s and ’50s. Some say the rural telephone business began with a farmer stringing a copper wire from one fencepost to the next. Cooperatives and local companies were formed to offer and expand service. Pioneer Communications was founded in 1950 as the Pioneer Telephone Company.&nbsp;

Catherine went to law school at Washburn University and worked at a firm in Topeka. In 2002, the Pioneer Communications Board of Directors offered her the position of director of legal and regulatory affairs. “I promised them five years, but here I am,” Catherine said. She and her husband live in Ulysses. In 2012, she was promoted to CEO. “Great people work here at Pioneer,” she said.&nbsp;

“We’ve changed dramatically through the years,” Catherine said. “In the old days, the phone company waited for the customers to come to us. Now we have to go earn their business.”&nbsp;

In response, Pioneer Communications has expanded and modernized its network while serving its customers’ growing and varied needs. The company’s website says it’s committed to being the best internet-, TV- and phone provider in southwest Kansas.&nbsp;

Today, in addition to traditional landline telephone service, Pioneer Communications offers high-speed internet access and streaming television. “Our bread and butter used to be voice (transmission),” Catherine said. “Now it’s broadband. We are deploying a state-of-the-art network, focusing on broadband and data services.”&nbsp;

In 2019, the company made the transition from traditional cable television delivery to streaming services.&nbsp;

In addition to Ulysses, Pioneer Communications has office locations in Hugoton, Johnson, Lakin, Satanta, and Syracuse. The company serves a 5,000-square-mile region of southwest Kansas. In addition to the larger towns, that territory includes such rural communities as Coolidge, population 95; Horace, population 70; and Richfield, population 43 people. Now, that’s rural.&nbsp;

Catherine has been a strong voice for rural Internet access. She is vice chair of the national Precision Agriculture Task Force established by USDA and the Federal Communications Commission. She served on the Kansas Broadband Task Force in 2019. “We proposed legislation which didn’t get enacted due to the pandemic, but one of our key ideas is being implemented through the state highway plan,” Catherine said. “If KDOT is going to rebuild a highway, now (telecom) providers can have an opportunity to put in conduit during construction,” she said. This makes it much more practical to string fiber optic cable, for example.&nbsp;

Catherine also serves on the Board of Directors of CoBank, part of the Farm Credit System. “The Farm Credit System supports every aspect of the rural economy,” Catherine said.&nbsp;

Broadband is a vital element of that economy. “Internet access evens the playing field for rural opportunities,” Catherine said. “It makes it possible for families and businesses in rural Kansas to market products or work from home,” she said.&nbsp;

This has caused Pioneer to make an investment in providing high-speed access to families and businesses, even though it is costly. “If a business is being recruited to our region, we have pledged that broadband access will not be a problem,” she said.&nbsp;

“Rural Kansas deserves that,” Catherine said. “I’m going to the mat every day for the rural people of our region and the people of Pioneer.”&nbsp;

For more information about Pioneer Communications, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.pioncomm.net/">www.pioncomm.net</a>.&nbsp;

Customer service. That was Catherine’s first job at Pioneer Communications.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now she is CEO, and guess what? Customer service is still her first job. We salute Catherine and the people of Pioneer Communications for their commitment to rural Internet access. They are still working to serve the customer.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/1/1610547571756.png" alt="Catherine Moyer" />
 <figcaption>Catherine Moyer</figcaption>
 </figure>BY RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development&nbsp;Customer service. That was the role which began one young woman’s career in telecommunications. Now she is leading that same company which is serving customers’ technology needs in new and innovative ways.&nbsp;Catherine Moyer is chief executive officer of Pioneer Communications, a rural telecommunications company headquartered in Ulysses. She grew up in Ulysses and went to college in Vermont. Her first job was at Pioneer Communications, where she worked as a frontline customer service representative.&nbsp;Pioneer is one of many local telephone companies formed across rural America in the 1940s and ’50s. Some say the rural telephone business began with a farmer stringing a copper wire from one fencepost to the next. Cooperatives and local companies were formed to offer and expand service. Pioneer Communications was founded in 1950 as the Pioneer Telephone Company.&nbsp;Catherine went to law school at Washburn University and worked at a firm in Topeka. In 2002, the Pioneer Communications Board of Directors offered her the position of director of legal and regulatory affairs. “I promised them five years, but here I am,” Catherine said. She and her husband live in Ulysses. In 2012, she was promoted to CEO. “Great people work here at Pioneer,” she said.&nbsp;“We’ve changed dramatically through the years,” Catherine said. “In the old days, the phone company waited for the customers to come to us. Now we have to go earn their business.”&nbsp;In response, Pioneer Communications has expanded and modernized its network while serving its customers’ growing and varied needs. The company’s website says it’s committed to being the best internet-, TV- and phone provider in southwest Kansas.&nbsp;Today, in addition to traditional landline telephone service, Pioneer Communications offers high-speed internet access and streaming television. “Our bread and butter used to be voice (transmission),” Catherine said. “Now it’s broadband. We are deploying a state-of-the-art network, focusing on broadband and data services.”&nbsp;In 2019, the company made the transition from traditional cable television delivery to streaming services.&nbsp;In addition to Ulysses, Pioneer Communications has office locations in Hugoton, Johnson, Lakin, Satanta, and Syracuse. The company serves a 5,000-square-mile region of southwest Kansas. In addition to the larger towns, that territory includes such rural communities as Coolidge, population 95; Horace, population 70; and Richfield, population 43 people. Now, that’s rural.&nbsp;Catherine has been a strong voice for rural Internet access. She is vice chair of the national Precision Agriculture Task Force established by USDA and the Federal Communications Commission. She served on the Kansas Broadband Task Force in 2019. “We proposed legislation which didn’t get enacted due to the pandemic, but one of our key ideas is being implemented through the state highway plan,” Catherine said. “If KDOT is going to rebuild a highway, now (telecom) providers can have an opportunity to put in conduit during construction,” she said. This makes it much more practical to string fiber optic cable, for example.&nbsp;Catherine also serves on the Board of Directors of CoBank, part of the Farm Credit System. “The Farm Credit System supports every aspect of the rural economy,” Catherine said.&nbsp;Broadband is a vital element of that economy. “Internet access evens the playing field for rural opportunities,” Catherine said. “It makes it possible for families and businesses in rural Kansas to market products or work from home,” she said.&nbsp;This has caused Pioneer to make an investment in providing high-speed access to families and businesses, even though it is costly. “If a business is being recruited to our region, we have pledged that broadband access will not be a problem,” she said.&nbsp;“Rural Kansas deserves that,” Catherine said. “I’m going to the mat every day for the rural people of our region and the people of Pioneer.”&nbsp;For more information about Pioneer Communications, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.pioncomm.net/">www.pioncomm.net</a>.&nbsp;Customer service. That was Catherine’s first job at Pioneer Communications.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now she is CEO, and guess what? Customer service is still her first job. We salute Catherine and the people of Pioneer Communications for their commitment to rural Internet access. They are still working to serve the customer.&nbsp;

Now That’s Rural: Catherine Moyer, Pioneer Communications 

The Walnut Creek Extension District and the Cottonwood Extension District in conjunction with North Central Extension Risk Management and the Kansas Farm Bureau would like to welcome producers to La Crosse, KS on January 21st&nbsp;for an in depth look at marketing strategies for the 2021 milo crop.&nbsp;&nbsp;

This program will be held at the La Crosse City Auditorium with doors opening at noon and registration starting at 12:30.&nbsp;&nbsp;The program will conclude by 5:00 pm.&nbsp;&nbsp;No lunch will be served but we will break for drinks and snacks.&nbsp;Topics to be covered include Market Outlooks, Effective Planning, and Cost of Production.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Attendees will also develop a Marketing Strategy for a representative farm this year.&nbsp;&nbsp;Presenters for the afternoon are Dan O’Brien, Extension Ag Economist with Kansas State University and Mark Nelson, Director of Commodities for the Kansas Farm Bureau.&nbsp;

Grain markets finished the fiscal 2020 year in unprecedented fashion.&nbsp;&nbsp;Opportunities exist for producers to capitalize on the current markets for 2021.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those attending will get see how the futures prices are illustrating the need to have an effective pre-harvest marketing plan for the 2021 crop.&nbsp;

As with many group meetings, Social Distancing will be advised, Masks are required, and attendance is limited.&nbsp;Attendance is free for only those pre-registering&nbsp;by calling the LaCrosse office at (785) 222-2710 or the Great Bend office at (620) 793-1910.&nbsp;&nbsp;Registration can also be taken by emailing&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jaredp11@ksu.edu">jaredp11@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;A live stream will also be available thru Zoom and Facebook Live as well as a recording of the afternoons presentations to be posted on the Districts’ websites.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The Walnut Creek Extension District and the Cottonwood Extension District in conjunction with North Central Extension Risk Management and the Kansas Farm Bureau would like to welcome producers to La Crosse, KS on January 21st&nbsp;for an in depth look at marketing strategies for the 2021 milo crop.&nbsp;&nbsp;This program will be held at the La Crosse City Auditorium with doors opening at noon and registration starting at 12:30.&nbsp;&nbsp;The program will conclude by 5:00 pm.&nbsp;&nbsp;No lunch will be served but we will break for drinks and snacks.&nbsp;Topics to be covered include Market Outlooks, Effective Planning, and Cost of Production.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Attendees will also develop a Marketing Strategy for a representative farm this year.&nbsp;&nbsp;Presenters for the afternoon are Dan O’Brien, Extension Ag Economist with Kansas State University and Mark Nelson, Director of Commodities for the Kansas Farm Bureau.&nbsp;Grain markets finished the fiscal 2020 year in unprecedented fashion.&nbsp;&nbsp;Opportunities exist for producers to capitalize on the current markets for 2021.&nbsp;&nbsp;Those attending will get see how the futures prices are illustrating the need to have an effective pre-harvest marketing plan for the 2021 crop.&nbsp;As with many group meetings, Social Distancing will be advised, Masks are required, and attendance is limited.&nbsp;Attendance is free for only those pre-registering&nbsp;by calling the LaCrosse office at (785) 222-2710 or the Great Bend office at (620) 793-1910.&nbsp;&nbsp;Registration can also be taken by emailing&nbsp;<a href="mailto:jaredp11@ksu.edu">jaredp11@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;A live stream will also be available thru Zoom and Facebook Live as well as a recording of the afternoons presentations to be posted on the Districts’ websites.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910.

BOOR: Milo marketing workshop scheduled in La Crosse

We often use our free speech rights at the top of our lungs and in public spaces to protest loudly, proudly and prominently.

When we do that, the First Amendment protects us from government 
punishment or censorship for what we say or write, particularly on 
matters of politics and public affairs — generally. Still, not 
everything we say or do because of such speech is protected.

Over decades, legal guardrails have been set up that indicate where 
our free speech rights end and where government may be able to step in 
to penalize speakers or prevent protests and demonstrations. Those 
guardrails are deliberately limited.

Let’s start by noting the First Amendment offers no legal shield from
 criminal prosecution for violent acts, individually or as part of a 
mob, regardless of the cause we might promote or a political position we
 take. Violence is a crime.

Our free speech rights also do not protect incitement to imminent 
violence. The key here is a connection to an immediate threat to public 
safety. In a <a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/395/444.html" target="_blank">1969 decision</a>,
 the U.S. Supreme Court said there is no First Amendment protection for 
speech that is “directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless 
action and is likely to produce such action.”

A speaker who demeans a group of people to a crowd, and then points to someone and shouts “There’s one now, go get ’em!”
 steps outside of free speech protection. But when the violence takes 
place sometime later, or elsewhere, or the words are not so direct, 
prosecutors may find it difficult to establish such a direct link.

That task of linking words to actions will confront those who favor criminal charges for incitement against President Donald J. Trump
 for his Jan. 6 speech to supporters, who then moved the 16 blocks from 
his rally near the White House to Capitol Hill, where some then 
violently invaded the U.S. Capitol.

“After this, we’re going to walk down and I’ll be there 
with you,” Trump said. “We’re going walk down to the Capitol, and we’re 
going to cheer on our brave senators, and congressmen and women. We’re 
probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them because 
you’ll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show 
strength, and you have to be strong.”

Before Trump spoke, his attorney, Rudy Giuliani, 
called for “trial by combat.” The courts also have debated whether 
criminal charges around incitement can be brought for what is called 
“instructional speech” — for example, producing written materials 
advising on plans or offering tips to a group planning violent acts. In 
deciding not to review a lower court decision in 2002, justices offered 
differing views on whether such instruction could meet the “imminent 
lawlessness” requirement.

In November, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered a lower court to again hear a case involving DeRay Mckesson,
 a Black Lives Matter organizer who was sued by a Baton Rouge, La., 
police officer injured at a protest Mckesson organized in 2016. The 
lawsuit ultimately could have dramatic dampening impact on public 
protest if the courts decide organizers can be held personally liable 
for violence by anyone at an event, under the theory that organizers 
should have known it was a likely outcome.

What other legal issues swirl around protests and demonstrations?

Courts ruled during the anti-war protests in the 1960s and later that
 authorities cannot block or disperse protesters just because 
authorities have an unspecified concern about potential disorder, or 
because demonstrators are loud or offensive, or even if they temporarily
 disrupt traffic.

In 2011, the Supreme Court upheld <a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-snyder-v-phelps" target="_blank">the right to public protest on matters of public interest</a>
 in a case involving a family-based Kansas church known for its 
controversial — many say repugnant — anti-gay protests at military 
funerals. The Westboro Baptist Church was sued by the parents of a U.S. 
Marine who died in Iraq, claiming intentional infliction of emotional 
distress.

Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that such protest 
was protected by the First Amendment: “Speech is powerful. It can stir 
people to action, move them to tears of both joy and sorrow, and — as it
 did here — inflict great pain … we cannot react to that pain by 
punishing the speaker. As a nation we have chosen a different course — 
to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not
 stifle public debate.”

At times, authorities seek to simply ban all public events. Washington D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser
 has asked the U.S. Interior Department to cancel all permits for 
“public gatherings” in the city, citing both the Capitol riot and 
COVID-19 health concerns. In dealing with the pandemic, local and state 
officials nationwide have placed limits or banned a variety of group 
events, protests and religious services. Health officials cite a 1905 
Supreme Court ruling that <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/197/11" target="_blank">upheld the government’s quarantine (and vaccination) powers.</a>

A guiding principle in the nation’s history is that government at any
 level can only infringe on our First Amendments rights by showing an 
overriding need, such as an immediate threat to public safety, and then 
only in ways that are the least possible intrusion for the shortest time
 required to meet the need.

We need to be alert and demand that authorities balance public safety
 and First Amendment rights in the upcoming days and weeks. The core 
freedoms that protect us cannot be left unprotected by us.

Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum. He can be reached at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:gpolicinski@freedomforum.org" target="_blank">gpolicinski@freedomforum.org</a>, or follow him on Twitter at&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/@genefac" target="_blank">@genefac</a>.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/7/1593729871227.png" alt="Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum, and president and chief operating officer of the Freedom Forum Institute. " />
 <figcaption>Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum, and president and chief operating officer of the Freedom Forum Institute. </figcaption>
 </figure>We often use our free speech rights at the top of our lungs and in public spaces to protest loudly, proudly and prominently.When we do that, the First Amendment protects us from government 
punishment or censorship for what we say or write, particularly on 
matters of politics and public affairs — generally. Still, not 
everything we say or do because of such speech is protected.Over decades, legal guardrails have been set up that indicate where 
our free speech rights end and where government may be able to step in 
to penalize speakers or prevent protests and demonstrations. Those 
guardrails are deliberately limited.Let’s start by noting the First Amendment offers no legal shield from
 criminal prosecution for violent acts, individually or as part of a 
mob, regardless of the cause we might promote or a political position we
 take. Violence is a crime.Our free speech rights also do not protect incitement to imminent 
violence. The key here is a connection to an immediate threat to public 
safety. In a <a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/395/444.html" target="_blank">1969 decision</a>,
 the U.S. Supreme Court said there is no First Amendment protection for 
speech that is “directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless 
action and is likely to produce such action.”A speaker who demeans a group of people to a crowd, and then points to someone and shouts “There’s one now, go get ’em!”
 steps outside of free speech protection. But when the violence takes 
place sometime later, or elsewhere, or the words are not so direct, 
prosecutors may find it difficult to establish such a direct link.That task of linking words to actions will confront those who favor criminal charges for incitement against President Donald J. Trump
 for his Jan. 6 speech to supporters, who then moved the 16 blocks from 
his rally near the White House to Capitol Hill, where some then 
violently invaded the U.S. Capitol.“After this, we’re going to walk down and I’ll be there 
with you,” Trump said. “We’re going walk down to the Capitol, and we’re 
going to cheer on our brave senators, and congressmen and women. We’re 
probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them because 
you’ll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show 
strength, and you have to be strong.”Before Trump spoke, his attorney, Rudy Giuliani, 
called for “trial by combat.” The courts also have debated whether 
criminal charges around incitement can be brought for what is called 
“instructional speech” — for example, producing written materials 
advising on plans or offering tips to a group planning violent acts. In 
deciding not to review a lower court decision in 2002, justices offered 
differing views on whether such instruction could meet the “imminent 
lawlessness” requirement.In November, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered a lower court to again hear a case involving DeRay Mckesson,
 a Black Lives Matter organizer who was sued by a Baton Rouge, La., 
police officer injured at a protest Mckesson organized in 2016. The 
lawsuit ultimately could have dramatic dampening impact on public 
protest if the courts decide organizers can be held personally liable 
for violence by anyone at an event, under the theory that organizers 
should have known it was a likely outcome.What other legal issues swirl around protests and demonstrations?Courts ruled during the anti-war protests in the 1960s and later that
 authorities cannot block or disperse protesters just because 
authorities have an unspecified concern about potential disorder, or 
because demonstrators are loud or offensive, or even if they temporarily
 disrupt traffic.In 2011, the Supreme Court upheld <a href="https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-snyder-v-phelps" target="_blank">the right to public protest on matters of public interest</a>
 in a case involving a family-based Kansas church known for its 
controversial — many say repugnant — anti-gay protests at military 
funerals. The Westboro Baptist Church was sued by the parents of a U.S. 
Marine who died in Iraq, claiming intentional infliction of emotional 
distress.Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that such protest 
was protected by the First Amendment: “Speech is powerful. It can stir 
people to action, move them to tears of both joy and sorrow, and — as it
 did here — inflict great pain … we cannot react to that pain by 
punishing the speaker. As a nation we have chosen a different course — 
to protect even hurtful speech on public issues to ensure that we do not
 stifle public debate.”At times, authorities seek to simply ban all public events. Washington D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser
 has asked the U.S. Interior Department to cancel all permits for 
“public gatherings” in the city, citing both the Capitol riot and 
COVID-19 health concerns. In dealing with the pandemic, local and state 
officials nationwide have placed limits or banned a variety of group 
events, protests and religious services. Health officials cite a 1905 
Supreme Court ruling that <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/197/11" target="_blank">upheld the government’s quarantine (and vaccination) powers.</a>A guiding principle in the nation’s history is that government at any
 level can only infringe on our First Amendments rights by showing an 
overriding need, such as an immediate threat to public safety, and then 
only in ways that are the least possible intrusion for the shortest time
 required to meet the need.We need to be alert and demand that authorities balance public safety
 and First Amendment rights in the upcoming days and weeks. The core 
freedoms that protect us cannot be left unprotected by us.Gene Policinski is a senior fellow for the First Amendment at the Freedom Forum. He can be reached at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:gpolicinski@freedomforum.org" target="_blank">gpolicinski@freedomforum.org</a>, or follow him on Twitter at&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/@genefac" target="_blank">@genefac</a>.

FIRST FIVE: First Amendment right to protest has limits

Governor Laura Kelly delivered her State of the State speech on Tuesday, January 12, 2021. This year however, she presented her speech virtually and not in the House Chamber due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Wednesday morning, the Governor’s proposed budget was released to a joint meeting with House Appropriations and Senate Ways and Means committees.

Governor Kelly is proposing some of the same manuevers that she has for the last two years. The main component of her budget is the reamortization of the unfunded liability for the Kansas Public Employee Retirement System, (KPERS). The Governor would like to reamortize for another 10 years, making it 25 years total, to utilize $158.7 million is savings in 2022 and then $160.8 million in 2023.

Reamortizing the unfunded liablilty for a total of 25 years will cost the Kansas taxpayer $4.6 billion over time. She has proposed this method in her last two budget submissions and the House has voted this down each year.

Governor Kelly also proposed generating more revenue by imposing a sales tax on digital property, such as Netflix and Hulu. The estimations from the Governor’s office state this could generate $42.7 million in additional revenue. Another revenue generating proposal would be an increase in revenues of approximately $43.1 million, called market facilitators. These collect sales tax revenue from third party sellers.

The Governor claims that with her budget proposal, the state of Kansas will have a positive ending balance in the current fiscal year of $767.5 million and $600.9 million in 2022.

<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/795d2286-3ca3-4056-94e5-9777c2c8ce84">SEE RELATED: Waymaster: State budget outlook better than expected; cuts still possible</a>

The 2021 session of the Kansas Legislature started this past Monday, January 11, 2021. This session will operate in a different fashion than we have in the past. 

I will continue as the Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee and the committee format has changed. The members of the Appropriations Committee will all be in the committee room daily, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the members will be seated where social distancing can be observed. All conferees, staff, press, and guests will participate virtually during the committee time. 

The House Chamber is different, as well. The seating on the House floor is utilizing social distancing where members may be sitting on the floor or in the East and West galleries. 

We made many changes throughout the Capitol building so we could return and conduct the needs for the state of Kansas.

There are many different pieces of legislation that I have been working on prior to returning to Topeka. Here are the details of the bills that I have been working on.

The first is a bill that I introduced in committee last year. Although it did pass out of the Appropriations Committee, it never was debated on the House floor due to COVID-19. This bill would combine the two funds that can be used to plug abandoned oil and gas wells into one.

The next two bills address rural economic needs across the state of Kansas. One is a loan guarantee program for rural housing. If a home is built or renovated, this guarantees a mortgage loan through a financial institution up to 125% of the value of the home.

The other bill is also a loan guarantee program that would assist farmers in Kansas. The program would guarantee agricultural loans through a financial institution and these loans could be used by farmers to buy land, equipment, operating cash, purchase livestock, and/or seed.

Another bill will assist businesses willing to relocate to rural areas of the state. Unlike the Ad Astra Rural Jobs Act that I introduced years ago, this bill would grant tax breaks for those businesses from out of state moving to a rural area.

Anytime that one would like to participate and listen to the developments of committee hearings or discussion on the House floor, one can tune in by listening to the audio footage at <a href="http://www.kslegislature.org/li/">www.kslegislature.org</a>.

As always, if you have any concerns, feel free to contact me (785) 296-7672, follow on twitter at @waymaster4house, or email me at troy.waymaster@house.ks.gov. Please contact me regarding any issues and legislation that we are discussing during session.

It is a distinct honor to serve as your representative for the 109th Kansas House District and the state of Kansas. Please contact me with your thoughts, concerns, and questions. I always appreciate hearing from the residents of the 109th House District and others from the state of Kansas, as well.

Rep. Troy Waymaster, 109th Dist., is chairman of the House Appropriations Committee.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1577788173848.jpeg" alt="Rep. Troy Waymaster, R-Bunker Hill, 109th Dist." />
 <figcaption>Rep. Troy Waymaster, R-Bunker Hill, 109th Dist.</figcaption>
 </figure>State of Kansas BudgetGovernor Laura Kelly delivered her State of the State speech on Tuesday, January 12, 2021. This year however, she presented her speech virtually and not in the House Chamber due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Wednesday morning, the Governor’s proposed budget was released to a joint meeting with House Appropriations and Senate Ways and Means committees.Governor Kelly is proposing some of the same manuevers that she has for the last two years. The main component of her budget is the reamortization of the unfunded liability for the Kansas Public Employee Retirement System, (KPERS). The Governor would like to reamortize for another 10 years, making it 25 years total, to utilize $158.7 million is savings in 2022 and then $160.8 million in 2023.Reamortizing the unfunded liablilty for a total of 25 years will cost the Kansas taxpayer $4.6 billion over time. She has proposed this method in her last two budget submissions and the House has voted this down each year.Governor Kelly also proposed generating more revenue by imposing a sales tax on digital property, such as Netflix and Hulu. The estimations from the Governor’s office state this could generate $42.7 million in additional revenue. Another revenue generating proposal would be an increase in revenues of approximately $43.1 million, called market facilitators. These collect sales tax revenue from third party sellers.The Governor claims that with her budget proposal, the state of Kansas will have a positive ending balance in the current fiscal year of $767.5 million and $600.9 million in 2022.<a href="https://hayspost.com/posts/795d2286-3ca3-4056-94e5-9777c2c8ce84">SEE RELATED: Waymaster: State budget outlook better than expected; cuts still possible</a>2021 Legislative Session BeginsThe 2021 session of the Kansas Legislature started this past Monday, January 11, 2021. This session will operate in a different fashion than we have in the past. I will continue as the Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee and the committee format has changed. The members of the Appropriations Committee will all be in the committee room daily, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the members will be seated where social distancing can be observed. All conferees, staff, press, and guests will participate virtually during the committee time. The House Chamber is different, as well. The seating on the House floor is utilizing social distancing where members may be sitting on the floor or in the East and West galleries. We made many changes throughout the Capitol building so we could return and conduct the needs for the state of Kansas.Bill IntroductionsThere are many different pieces of legislation that I have been working on prior to returning to Topeka. Here are the details of the bills that I have been working on.The first is a bill that I introduced in committee last year. Although it did pass out of the Appropriations Committee, it never was debated on the House floor due to COVID-19. This bill would combine the two funds that can be used to plug abandoned oil and gas wells into one.The next two bills address rural economic needs across the state of Kansas. One is a loan guarantee program for rural housing. If a home is built or renovated, this guarantees a mortgage loan through a financial institution up to 125% of the value of the home.The other bill is also a loan guarantee program that would assist farmers in Kansas. The program would guarantee agricultural loans through a financial institution and these loans could be used by farmers to buy land, equipment, operating cash, purchase livestock, and/or seed.Another bill will assist businesses willing to relocate to rural areas of the state. Unlike the Ad Astra Rural Jobs Act that I introduced years ago, this bill would grant tax breaks for those businesses from out of state moving to a rural area.Contact InformationAnytime that one would like to participate and listen to the developments of committee hearings or discussion on the House floor, one can tune in by listening to the audio footage at <a href="http://www.kslegislature.org/li/">www.kslegislature.org</a>.As always, if you have any concerns, feel free to contact me (785) 296-7672, follow on twitter at @waymaster4house, or email me at troy.waymaster@house.ks.gov. Please contact me regarding any issues and legislation that we are discussing during session.It is a distinct honor to serve as your representative for the 109th Kansas House District and the state of Kansas. Please contact me with your thoughts, concerns, and questions. I always appreciate hearing from the residents of the 109th House District and others from the state of Kansas, as well.Rep. Troy Waymaster, 109th Dist., is chairman of the House Appropriations Committee.

WAYMASTER: From the Dome to Home Jan. 15

Despite his own crazed efforts, President Donald Trump is leaving the White House. His departure comes in the wake of groundless lawsuits, delusional conspiracy theories, and a deadly pro-Trump riot which sought to prevent the certification of Trump’s electoral college loss. The damage he has done to America’s body politic over the past two months, with his ranting and his lies, has been great.&nbsp;

It’d be nice to think that Kansas, being far away from Washington DC, had been spared this damage. Unfortunately, the negatives of Trumpism may stay with Kansas for years.&nbsp;

Consider Trump’s incompetence early on in communicating the seriousness of the covid-19 pandemic, and his subsequent refusal (or his ignorant inability) to use the example-setting power of his office to encourage consistent health protocols. Far from firmly rejecting the national politicization of responses to the pandemic, or providing a standard around which a suffering country could rally, his disengagement tacitly encouraged his partisans to connect their paranoia to his political cause.&nbsp;

In Kansas the consequences of this connection were tragic. By May, the narrative, in the minds of too many, was clear: to wear a mask was to be a Democrat and a lover of tyranny; to refuse to wear a mask was to be a Republican who loved freedom, America, and Trump. Thus did hundreds of doctors, nurses, and others who were risking their lives treating the sick and dying often find themselves, here in our strongly Republican state, harassed, attacked, and dismissed as political enemies.&nbsp;&nbsp;

According to Vicki Collie-Akers of the University of Kansas, Kansas lost over a quarter of its public health workers last year. They changed jobs, took early retirement, relocated out of state, or found their jobs cut by a state government whose Republican majority failed to fully support coordinated efforts to promote necessary health restrictions. Many of those workers were in Kansas’s small towns, whose hospitals, denied the funds which Medicaid expansion could provide, are more vulnerable than ever.&nbsp;

These are broad harms partly attributable to Trumpism; here’s a more singular one.&nbsp;

Kansas is not a politically powerful state; on the national level, our representatives have to work hard building up networks and connections to protect the needs and promote the interests of Kansans. For all the flaws of Senator Pat Roberts, he embraced and operated effectively within the rules of the U.S. Senate, and thus was able to find the votes to support Kansas in many ways.&nbsp;

His replacement, Senator Roger Marshall, may someday do the same. But under the fanatic spell of Trumpism, Marshall chose to begin his senate career by angering his own party leadership, antagonizing his fellow senators, and joining a pointless challenge to President-elect Biden’s electoral college victory anyway, just hours after the death and damage visited upon the U.S. Capitol building. The praise Marshall may enjoy in Trumpland will not soon translate into the kind of institutional influence he could have started building on behalf of Kansas voters instead.

Kansas suffered for six long years under the spell former Governor Brownback, as he led the state’s Republican majority away from the moderate conservatism which had served the state well for decades. We can only hope that, eventually, most Kansas Republicans will escape the damaging legacy of Trumpism as well–but tragically, it may be a while yet.&nbsp;

Dr. Russell Arben Fox runs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita, KS .

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/3/1583339056495.jpeg" alt="Dr. Russell Arben Fox runs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita, KS ." />
 <figcaption>Dr. Russell Arben Fox runs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita, KS .</figcaption>
 </figure>Despite his own crazed efforts, President Donald Trump is leaving the White House. His departure comes in the wake of groundless lawsuits, delusional conspiracy theories, and a deadly pro-Trump riot which sought to prevent the certification of Trump’s electoral college loss. The damage he has done to America’s body politic over the past two months, with his ranting and his lies, has been great.&nbsp;It’d be nice to think that Kansas, being far away from Washington DC, had been spared this damage. Unfortunately, the negatives of Trumpism may stay with Kansas for years.&nbsp;<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575913663048.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>Consider Trump’s incompetence early on in communicating the seriousness of the covid-19 pandemic, and his subsequent refusal (or his ignorant inability) to use the example-setting power of his office to encourage consistent health protocols. Far from firmly rejecting the national politicization of responses to the pandemic, or providing a standard around which a suffering country could rally, his disengagement tacitly encouraged his partisans to connect their paranoia to his political cause.&nbsp;In Kansas the consequences of this connection were tragic. By May, the narrative, in the minds of too many, was clear: to wear a mask was to be a Democrat and a lover of tyranny; to refuse to wear a mask was to be a Republican who loved freedom, America, and Trump. Thus did hundreds of doctors, nurses, and others who were risking their lives treating the sick and dying often find themselves, here in our strongly Republican state, harassed, attacked, and dismissed as political enemies.&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Vicki Collie-Akers of the University of Kansas, Kansas lost over a quarter of its public health workers last year. They changed jobs, took early retirement, relocated out of state, or found their jobs cut by a state government whose Republican majority failed to fully support coordinated efforts to promote necessary health restrictions. Many of those workers were in Kansas’s small towns, whose hospitals, denied the funds which Medicaid expansion could provide, are more vulnerable than ever.&nbsp;These are broad harms partly attributable to Trumpism; here’s a more singular one.&nbsp;Kansas is not a politically powerful state; on the national level, our representatives have to work hard building up networks and connections to protect the needs and promote the interests of Kansans. For all the flaws of Senator Pat Roberts, he embraced and operated effectively within the rules of the U.S. Senate, and thus was able to find the votes to support Kansas in many ways.&nbsp;His replacement, Senator Roger Marshall, may someday do the same. But under the fanatic spell of Trumpism, Marshall chose to begin his senate career by angering his own party leadership, antagonizing his fellow senators, and joining a pointless challenge to President-elect Biden’s electoral college victory anyway, just hours after the death and damage visited upon the U.S. Capitol building. The praise Marshall may enjoy in Trumpland will not soon translate into the kind of institutional influence he could have started building on behalf of Kansas voters instead.Kansas suffered for six long years under the spell former Governor Brownback, as he led the state’s Republican majority away from the moderate conservatism which had served the state well for decades. We can only hope that, eventually, most Kansas Republicans will escape the damaging legacy of Trumpism as well–but tragically, it may be a while yet.&nbsp;Dr. Russell Arben Fox runs the History &amp; Politics major and the Honors program at Friends University in Wichita, KS .

INSIGHT KANSAS: The damage Trump has done

As our day to day schedule continues to be affected by the COVID pandemic, my hope is that you are staying well and finding ways to calm your mind and body each day. It is easy to get overloaded with news stories that we have no control over. Taking time each day for what I call “self-care” is more important than ever. Carving out time for whatever brings you peace of mind may look different for you than it does for me. Those of you who know me, can guess that part of my self-care includes a bike ride, &nbsp; every chance I get.

A “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” (pronounced Doe-een) class is set to begin February 2nd at the Great Bend Activity Center. The class meets on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through February 18th.&nbsp; A $10 fee paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend will hold your spot.&nbsp; Due to COVID restrictions, class size is limited to ten participants. If you are reading this and have an interest in learning more about meditation and do-in exercises but are not quite comfortable with a face to face class there is an alternative. A link to the recorded session titled, Everyday Mindfulness, can be found on our Cottonwood Extension District web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp; Click on the Health and Nutrition link on the left side of the front page and you will see the Everyday Mindfulness link.

This was a recording I was asked to do at one of our agent updates. Extension colleagues, Charlotte Shoup-Olsen and Debra Bolton, join me as we share the benefits of taking deep breaths and clearing the many thoughts racing through our minds. About 31 minutes into the recording, my husband, John, a retired chiropractor with extensive training in acupuncture, leads the short meditation and Do-In&nbsp; exercises.

Mindfulness was a hot topic before the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. I encourage you to take time to read the “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet I helped write a couple of years ago. It highlights the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:

If you are interested in checking out the fact sheet and leaders guide, it can be found on the KSRE web site. You can search by the publication title, “Everyday Mindfulness” or publication numbers MF3424 and MF3425.

Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141404420.png" alt="Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>As our day to day schedule continues to be affected by the COVID pandemic, my hope is that you are staying well and finding ways to calm your mind and body each day. It is easy to get overloaded with news stories that we have no control over. Taking time each day for what I call “self-care” is more important than ever. Carving out time for whatever brings you peace of mind may look different for you than it does for me. Those of you who know me, can guess that part of my self-care includes a bike ride, &nbsp; every chance I get.A “Mindful Meditation and Do-In” (pronounced Doe-een) class is set to begin February 2nd at the Great Bend Activity Center. The class meets on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 10 – 11 AM through February 18th.&nbsp; A $10 fee paid at the Cottonwood Extension Office in Great Bend will hold your spot.&nbsp; Due to COVID restrictions, class size is limited to ten participants. If you are reading this and have an interest in learning more about meditation and do-in exercises but are not quite comfortable with a face to face class there is an alternative. A link to the recorded session titled, Everyday Mindfulness, can be found on our Cottonwood Extension District web page <a href="http://www.cottonwood.ksu.edu">www.cottonwood.ksu.edu</a>&nbsp; Click on the Health and Nutrition link on the left side of the front page and you will see the Everyday Mindfulness link.This was a recording I was asked to do at one of our agent updates. Extension colleagues, Charlotte Shoup-Olsen and Debra Bolton, join me as we share the benefits of taking deep breaths and clearing the many thoughts racing through our minds. About 31 minutes into the recording, my husband, John, a retired chiropractor with extensive training in acupuncture, leads the short meditation and Do-In&nbsp; exercises.Mindfulness was a hot topic before the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, more than ever, people are hoping to find a way to cope with the feelings of anxiousness and uncertainty. I encourage you to take time to read the “Everyday Mindfulness” fact sheet I helped write a couple of years ago. It highlights the following benefits that come from a regular meditation practice:<ul>
 <li>Increased ability to relax</li><li>Improved concentration</li><li>Increased energy and enthusiasm for life</li><li>Increased creativity</li><li>Increased self-awareness</li><li>Improved self-esteem</li><li>Improved work/school performance</li>
 </ul>If you are interested in checking out the fact sheet and leaders guide, it can be found on the KSRE web site. You can search by the publication title, “Everyday Mindfulness” or publication numbers MF3424 and MF3425.Donna Krug is the District Director and the Family &amp; Consumer Science Agent in the Cottonwood Extension District. You may reach her at: (620)793-1910 or <a href="mailto:dkrug@ksu.edu">dkrug@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

KRUG: Practice mindfulness every day

The clearance aisles are full and the prices are great, but when is a good deal not a good deal? There are pros and cons to buying things on sale for a great price. I love saving money, but sometimes when I find a good deal, it is easy to overbuy. When you buy more, you are not necessarily saving money. You are just getting more things for the amount you would have spent anyway. By buying more than you need, you may eat more or use more than necessary.&nbsp;

Going to garage sales or the thrift store can save you a lot of money. Have you ever gone to the thrift store and come home with more than you were looking for? Could you have bought one thing you really wanted instead? Is it worth it to sacrifice what you really want for lots of inexpensive stuff? Most people don't realize how much they really spend getting good deals. Keep track of it and you may be surprised.

Another reason not to buy more than you need is the amount of time it takes to care for the things you have. How much is your time really worth? The amount of clothing you have is a good example. How many clothes do you really need? By going through our clothes and cutting back, we may spend less time doing laundry. By having fewer clothes, you not only save money, but you also save time.

The main advantage of getting things on sale is that you can afford luxuries that you couldn't afford at regular price. This might be true with beautiful Christmas decorations that you absolutely love. If you can wait, we all know that Christmas decorations will eventually go on sale. Or maybe you have found a beautiful coat that you would never buy for the full price but if you are patient, it may still be there at the end of the season.&nbsp;

As you go bargain hunting, ask yourself the following questions before making a purchase:

2. Do I really need it or will I really use it?

3. How many do I really need or how many will I really use?

4. What could I do with that money if I didn't buy it?

5. Do I want to have this clutter up my home and be responsible for it?

Is there something you already own that will work instead of adding more to the stash? More stuff means more clutter, more to clean and more to be responsible for. By being wise about purchases, your money can be used to invest in your future or live more comfortable on your income.

The key to avoiding “the good deal dilemma” is to buy only what you need and what you will actually use. Wishing you the best in this new year!&nbsp;

Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/4/1588274071306.jpeg" alt="Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District." />
 <figcaption>Berny Unruh is Family and Community Wellness agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.</figcaption>
 </figure>The clearance aisles are full and the prices are great, but when is a good deal not a good deal? There are pros and cons to buying things on sale for a great price. I love saving money, but sometimes when I find a good deal, it is easy to overbuy. When you buy more, you are not necessarily saving money. You are just getting more things for the amount you would have spent anyway. By buying more than you need, you may eat more or use more than necessary.&nbsp;Going to garage sales or the thrift store can save you a lot of money. Have you ever gone to the thrift store and come home with more than you were looking for? Could you have bought one thing you really wanted instead? Is it worth it to sacrifice what you really want for lots of inexpensive stuff? Most people don't realize how much they really spend getting good deals. Keep track of it and you may be surprised.Another reason not to buy more than you need is the amount of time it takes to care for the things you have. How much is your time really worth? The amount of clothing you have is a good example. How many clothes do you really need? By going through our clothes and cutting back, we may spend less time doing laundry. By having fewer clothes, you not only save money, but you also save time.The main advantage of getting things on sale is that you can afford luxuries that you couldn't afford at regular price. This might be true with beautiful Christmas decorations that you absolutely love. If you can wait, we all know that Christmas decorations will eventually go on sale. Or maybe you have found a beautiful coat that you would never buy for the full price but if you are patient, it may still be there at the end of the season.&nbsp;As you go bargain hunting, ask yourself the following questions before making a purchase:1. Do I really like it?2. Do I really need it or will I really use it?3. How many do I really need or how many will I really use?4. What could I do with that money if I didn't buy it?5. Do I want to have this clutter up my home and be responsible for it?Is there something you already own that will work instead of adding more to the stash? More stuff means more clutter, more to clean and more to be responsible for. By being wise about purchases, your money can be used to invest in your future or live more comfortable on your income.The key to avoiding “the good deal dilemma” is to buy only what you need and what you will actually use. Wishing you the best in this new year!&nbsp;	Berny Unruh is the Family and Community Wellness Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp; She can be reached at 785-628-9430 or at <a href="mailto:bunruh@ksu.edu">bunruh@ksu.edu</a>

UNRUH: Is it a good deal?

David Letterman probably did much to instill the notion of “Top 10 Lists” in our popular culture. But decades before the late-night host did his thing, newspapers were culling past editions to create year-end round-ups of their top stories.

Ten is a good number; after all, it’s what we can count on our two hands, so in keeping with tradition, here’s a list of the top 10 news items at Fort Hays State University this year. The list, roughly in chronological order, is certainly not all-encompassing – there are great stories and good news every day at FHSU – but it does provide a means of looking back and recounting some of the many blessings we enjoyed in 2020.

In January, the Pathway to Help, Hope and Success initiative received its first installment of the Garrett Lee Smith Campus Suicide Prevention Grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association. The Kelly Center provided a record-breaking 4,084 personal counseling sessions last year and continues to find ways to positively impact our students’ mental health and academic success.

In March, a baker’s dozen of organizations that evaluate online higher education programs ranked 40 online degrees and programs at Fort Hays State University among the best in the nation for 2020. The rankings include seven national No. 1 rankings and one statewide No. 1 rating. A total of 25 Fort Hays State online programs were among the top 10 in the nation in the various rankings, and all but two placed FHSU among the top 20 in the nation. In all 40 rankings, Fort Hays State was rated the best in Kansas.

In April, Fort Hays State’s chapter of the Technology and Engineering Education Collegiate Association won five individual national championships and the all-around national title in nine competitive events at the 82nd annual International Technology and Engineering Educators Association conference in Baltimore.

In early June, our decision we made to forgo an in-person commencement ceremony broke my heart. But we were still able to mail close to 1,800 “commencement-in-a-box” kits to graduating students. These kits included the traditional cap and gown, along with the appropriate accessories that represent the degrees and accolades earned by each student. One of my favorite commencement stories involved Patrick and Andrew McGinnis, a father and son who graduated together. I smiled and was reminded of the dual FHSU graduation of Nola Ochs (the oldest person at age 95 to graduate from college) and her granddaughter from several years ago. I love those special moments.

Social work is one of the fastest-growing careers in the country, and Fort Hays State University continues to find ways to reach students studying at both the bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. FHSU started classes in the summer of 2020 for its Master of Social Work (MSW) online program. The university’s Department of Social Work also received official accreditation approval from the Council on Social Work Education for its online bachelor’s degree. Fort Hays State is one of only a handful of universities in the United States – and the only one in Kansas – to offer the Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) online. FHSU also is the only university in the state to offer the MSW online.

In August, the Fort Hays State Department of Criminal Justice and University Police Department signed an agreement to join an expanding network of regional de-escalation training centers that teach law enforcement officers techniques that help officers peacefully resolve potentially dangerous confrontations. This move places FHSU at the forefront of this important law enforcement training initiative.

Although we missed cheering on our Tiger athletes for cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis and volleyball, November brought the opportunity for us to be social-distancing, mask-wearing, hand-washing Tiger fans for winter sports. We even had the opportunity to listen to our outstanding pep band and watch our cheer and dance teams perform. Amazing!

Who can forget the night of Dec. 8, when our mighty Tiger men’s basketball team upset the Big 12’s Kansas State University, 81-68, on the Wildcats’ home floor? It was the first Tiger win in this series since 1938. What a great moment of pure joy and excitement in 2020.

I am happy to report that Dec. 18 was the first day of our intersession classes, and we ended 2020 with record enrollment, celebrating a 20 percent increase in students as compared to intercession 2019.

Finally, I must say that during this year of challenges and opportunities, I am very grateful that in 2020, FHSU continued to focus on caring for our people. We refunded pro-rated room and board fees to our residential students who were asked to vacate their rooms last March and distributed CARES Act financial aid to students. All student employees remained on payroll from March until the end of the semester – regardless of whether they were able to work – and the FHSU Foundation stepped up to fundraise for the student emergency fund and other strategic initiatives. And as always, our philanthropists continued to fuel our success. We also accommodated faculty and staff in moving to remote work schedules. In 2020, no employee was furloughed and no employee lost a job due to a COVID-driven reduction in force. We are a strong, nimble university, thanks to our current people and those who came before us.

So, I end 2020 and begin 2021 by expressing my deepest gratitude to our faculty and staff for their resilience and innovation while navigating a semester of uncertainty, never losing sight of our enduring commitment to caring for our students. Simply put, the faculty and staff rose to the challenge in 2020 and continued to deliver robust support services and outstanding teaching and learning experiences in thoughtful, impactful and personal ways. I also thank our students for having faith in Fort Hays State University and working together to create an environment of respect and kindness through these challenging times. I am equally grateful for the support and guidance given to us by our city and county commissioners; our county health administrator, Jason Kennedy; and&nbsp; CEO Eddie Herrman and Medical Director Dr. Heather Harris at Hays Medical Center.

Happy New Year to you and yours, and to FHSU!

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/12/1575301942236.jpeg" alt="Dr. Tisa Mason, FHSU president" />
 <figcaption>Dr. Tisa Mason, FHSU president</figcaption>
 </figure>David Letterman probably did much to instill the notion of “Top 10 Lists” in our popular culture. But decades before the late-night host did his thing, newspapers were culling past editions to create year-end round-ups of their top stories.Ten is a good number; after all, it’s what we can count on our two hands, so in keeping with tradition, here’s a list of the top 10 news items at Fort Hays State University this year. The list, roughly in chronological order, is certainly not all-encompassing – there are great stories and good news every day at FHSU – but it does provide a means of looking back and recounting some of the many blessings we enjoyed in 2020.In January, the Pathway to Help, Hope and Success initiative received its first installment of the Garrett Lee Smith Campus Suicide Prevention Grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association. The Kelly Center provided a record-breaking 4,084 personal counseling sessions last year and continues to find ways to positively impact our students’ mental health and academic success.In March, a baker’s dozen of organizations that evaluate online higher education programs ranked 40 online degrees and programs at Fort Hays State University among the best in the nation for 2020. The rankings include seven national No. 1 rankings and one statewide No. 1 rating. A total of 25 Fort Hays State online programs were among the top 10 in the nation in the various rankings, and all but two placed FHSU among the top 20 in the nation. In all 40 rankings, Fort Hays State was rated the best in Kansas.In April, Fort Hays State’s chapter of the Technology and Engineering Education Collegiate Association won five individual national championships and the all-around national title in nine competitive events at the 82nd annual International Technology and Engineering Educators Association conference in Baltimore.In early June, our decision we made to forgo an in-person commencement ceremony broke my heart. But we were still able to mail close to 1,800 “commencement-in-a-box” kits to graduating students. These kits included the traditional cap and gown, along with the appropriate accessories that represent the degrees and accolades earned by each student. One of my favorite commencement stories involved Patrick and Andrew McGinnis, a father and son who graduated together. I smiled and was reminded of the dual FHSU graduation of Nola Ochs (the oldest person at age 95 to graduate from college) and her granddaughter from several years ago. I love those special moments.Social work is one of the fastest-growing careers in the country, and Fort Hays State University continues to find ways to reach students studying at both the bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. FHSU started classes in the summer of 2020 for its Master of Social Work (MSW) online program. The university’s Department of Social Work also received official accreditation approval from the Council on Social Work Education for its online bachelor’s degree. Fort Hays State is one of only a handful of universities in the United States – and the only one in Kansas – to offer the Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) online. FHSU also is the only university in the state to offer the MSW online.In August, the Fort Hays State Department of Criminal Justice and University Police Department signed an agreement to join an expanding network of regional de-escalation training centers that teach law enforcement officers techniques that help officers peacefully resolve potentially dangerous confrontations. This move places FHSU at the forefront of this important law enforcement training initiative.Although we missed cheering on our Tiger athletes for cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis and volleyball, November brought the opportunity for us to be social-distancing, mask-wearing, hand-washing Tiger fans for winter sports. We even had the opportunity to listen to our outstanding pep band and watch our cheer and dance teams perform. Amazing!Who can forget the night of Dec. 8, when our mighty Tiger men’s basketball team upset the Big 12’s Kansas State University, 81-68, on the Wildcats’ home floor? It was the first Tiger win in this series since 1938. What a great moment of pure joy and excitement in 2020.I am happy to report that Dec. 18 was the first day of our intersession classes, and we ended 2020 with record enrollment, celebrating a 20 percent increase in students as compared to intercession 2019.Finally, I must say that during this year of challenges and opportunities, I am very grateful that in 2020, FHSU continued to focus on caring for our people. We refunded pro-rated room and board fees to our residential students who were asked to vacate their rooms last March and distributed CARES Act financial aid to students. All student employees remained on payroll from March until the end of the semester – regardless of whether they were able to work – and the FHSU Foundation stepped up to fundraise for the student emergency fund and other strategic initiatives. And as always, our philanthropists continued to fuel our success. We also accommodated faculty and staff in moving to remote work schedules. In 2020, no employee was furloughed and no employee lost a job due to a COVID-driven reduction in force. We are a strong, nimble university, thanks to our current people and those who came before us.So, I end 2020 and begin 2021 by expressing my deepest gratitude to our faculty and staff for their resilience and innovation while navigating a semester of uncertainty, never losing sight of our enduring commitment to caring for our students. Simply put, the faculty and staff rose to the challenge in 2020 and continued to deliver robust support services and outstanding teaching and learning experiences in thoughtful, impactful and personal ways. I also thank our students for having faith in Fort Hays State University and working together to create an environment of respect and kindness through these challenging times. I am equally grateful for the support and guidance given to us by our city and county commissioners; our county health administrator, Jason Kennedy; and&nbsp; CEO Eddie Herrman and Medical Director Dr. Heather Harris at Hays Medical Center.Happy New Year to you and yours, and to FHSU!

MASON: FHSU Top 10 List for 2020

Research from K-State’s John C. Pair Horticultural Center has quantified the effect of controlling grasses around newly planted trees. Jason Griffin, William Reid, and Dale Bremer conducted a study to investigate the inhibition of growth of transplanted, seedling trees when lawn grasses could grow up to the trunk. There were five treatments, including three with different species of grass: &nbsp; 1. Bare soil maintained with herbicides.&nbsp; 2. Area under tree mulched 3 inches deep.&nbsp; 3. Tall fescue allowed to grow under tree.&nbsp; 4. Bermudagrass allowed to grow under tree.&nbsp; 5. Kentucky bluegrass allowed to grow under tree. All treatments were applied to Eastern redbud seedlings as well as to pecan seedlings. All trees were fertilized according to recommendations and watered during the growing season with up to 1 inch of water if rainfall was deficient. At the end of two years, trees were measured and harvested. Data was taken on caliper (diameter) 6 inches above the ground, weight of aboveground portions of the tree, leaf area, and leaf weight. There were no differences in any measure between the mulched treatment and the bare soil treatment for either tree species. All measures showed significant growth increases if lawn grasses were controlled around the tree. Results include the following:&nbsp; 1. Caliper: Caliper measures 6 inches above the soil surface were twice as large for plots without grass than for those with either fescue or bluegrass, but only 50% larger when compared to the bermudagrass plots. &nbsp; 2. Top growth weight: Redbuds showed a 300% weight advantage for plots with grasses controlled than those without. Pecans showed a significant 200% increase. &nbsp; 3. Leaf area and leaf weight: Leaf areas were 200% larger in plots without grass competition and leaf weight showed a 300% increase. &nbsp;The obvious conclusion from this study is that grasses must be controlled under a newly transplanted tree to get the best possible growth. Though there were no differences in growth whether mulch was used or not, you may still wish to mulch for aesthetic reasons or to help control weed growth. How far from the trunk should the grasses be controlled? Try a minimum of 3 feet. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1580750915301.jpeg" alt="Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;" />
 <figcaption>Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District.&nbsp;</figcaption>
 </figure>Research from K-State’s John C. Pair Horticultural Center has quantified the effect of controlling grasses around newly planted trees. Jason Griffin, William Reid, and Dale Bremer conducted a study to investigate the inhibition of growth of transplanted, seedling trees when lawn grasses could grow up to the trunk. There were five treatments, including three with different species of grass: &nbsp; 1. Bare soil maintained with herbicides.&nbsp; 2. Area under tree mulched 3 inches deep.&nbsp; 3. Tall fescue allowed to grow under tree.&nbsp; 4. Bermudagrass allowed to grow under tree.&nbsp; 5. Kentucky bluegrass allowed to grow under tree. All treatments were applied to Eastern redbud seedlings as well as to pecan seedlings. All trees were fertilized according to recommendations and watered during the growing season with up to 1 inch of water if rainfall was deficient. At the end of two years, trees were measured and harvested. Data was taken on caliper (diameter) 6 inches above the ground, weight of aboveground portions of the tree, leaf area, and leaf weight. There were no differences in any measure between the mulched treatment and the bare soil treatment for either tree species. All measures showed significant growth increases if lawn grasses were controlled around the tree. Results include the following:&nbsp; 1. Caliper: Caliper measures 6 inches above the soil surface were twice as large for plots without grass than for those with either fescue or bluegrass, but only 50% larger when compared to the bermudagrass plots. &nbsp; 2. Top growth weight: Redbuds showed a 300% weight advantage for plots with grasses controlled than those without. Pecans showed a significant 200% increase. &nbsp; 3. Leaf area and leaf weight: Leaf areas were 200% larger in plots without grass competition and leaf weight showed a 300% increase. &nbsp;The obvious conclusion from this study is that grasses must be controlled under a newly transplanted tree to get the best possible growth. Though there were no differences in growth whether mulch was used or not, you may still wish to mulch for aesthetic reasons or to help control weed growth. How far from the trunk should the grasses be controlled? Try a minimum of 3 feet. Lauren Fick is the Horticulture Extension Agent for the Cottonwood Extension District. If you have questions, she can be contacted by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:lfick@k-state.edu">lfick@k-state.edu</a>&nbsp;or by phone at 785-628-9430 or 620-793-1910.&nbsp;

FICK: Start trees off right 

The events that unfolded last week in Washington, D.C., will stain the fabric of our democracy for the rest of our days. The images of insurrection in the Capitol are as much our legacy now as putting a man on the moon. It’s a stark contrast of what happens when we choose to embrace what divides us rather than what unites us.

There’s no doubt we all want the same things. We want the satisfaction from a good day’s work. We want a warm bed to sleep in. We all want safety and security for our friends and families. We all want our children to enjoy success greater than our own.

While our opinions differ on the best way to achieve these goals, time and time again reaching consensus and moving forward together has proven to be the most effective option.

In times of tragedy, like a death or natural disaster, we come together to mourn, recover and rebuild. In this moment, our national tragedy is manmade, but the solution is still unity and together we can mourn, recover and rebuild.

I’m proud of the pragmatism Kansas Farm Bureau employs to advocate for the interest of farmers and ranchers. We have and will continue to work with leaders of all stripes to advance our grassroots policy and organizational goals.

I must admit, I’d much rather work with leaders willing to tell hard, uncomfortable truths than ones who would placate me with promises that will never be realized. One of the best things we can do right now is demand truth from our elected representatives, no matter how unsavory it may be. We can overcome a difference of opinions, but we will be sunk by differing versions of reality.

When our forefathers declared their independence at the birth of our nation, it’s said Benjamin Franklin said, “we must all hang together, or ... we shall all hang separately.” For nearly 250 years we’ve been strengthened by our unity and built one of the greatest societies of the world. For it to continue, we must choose to see the best in others. We must strive for consensus in areas where it’s obtainable, and we must continue debating in good faith in those were we can’t.

Last week provided a compelling example. A few politicians entertained the idea the election results could be challenged. A mob stormed the Capitol in hopes of changing those results. In the end, the mob lost, and reality was certified. That result isn’t guaranteed in the future, and we now must choose if we want to continue on a path that will fray the fabric that holds us together or if we will rise to the occasion and let the stain fade as we have with other dark days in our history.

As individuals, it’s our duty to listen to each other if we want to mend and heal our nation. If we do this together today, I can promise you tomorrow will be brighter in our United States.

"Insight" is a weekly column published by Kansas Farm Bureau, the state's largest farm organization whose mission is to strengthen agriculture and the lives of Kansans through advocacy, education and service.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/1/1610377227483.jpeg" alt="Rich Felts, KFB president" />
 <figcaption>Rich Felts, KFB president</figcaption>
 </figure>The events that unfolded last week in Washington, D.C., will stain the fabric of our democracy for the rest of our days. The images of insurrection in the Capitol are as much our legacy now as putting a man on the moon. It’s a stark contrast of what happens when we choose to embrace what divides us rather than what unites us.There’s no doubt we all want the same things. We want the satisfaction from a good day’s work. We want a warm bed to sleep in. We all want safety and security for our friends and families. We all want our children to enjoy success greater than our own.While our opinions differ on the best way to achieve these goals, time and time again reaching consensus and moving forward together has proven to be the most effective option.In times of tragedy, like a death or natural disaster, we come together to mourn, recover and rebuild. In this moment, our national tragedy is manmade, but the solution is still unity and together we can mourn, recover and rebuild.I’m proud of the pragmatism Kansas Farm Bureau employs to advocate for the interest of farmers and ranchers. We have and will continue to work with leaders of all stripes to advance our grassroots policy and organizational goals.I must admit, I’d much rather work with leaders willing to tell hard, uncomfortable truths than ones who would placate me with promises that will never be realized. One of the best things we can do right now is demand truth from our elected representatives, no matter how unsavory it may be. We can overcome a difference of opinions, but we will be sunk by differing versions of reality.When our forefathers declared their independence at the birth of our nation, it’s said Benjamin Franklin said, “we must all hang together, or ... we shall all hang separately.” For nearly 250 years we’ve been strengthened by our unity and built one of the greatest societies of the world. For it to continue, we must choose to see the best in others. We must strive for consensus in areas where it’s obtainable, and we must continue debating in good faith in those were we can’t.Last week provided a compelling example. A few politicians entertained the idea the election results could be challenged. A mob stormed the Capitol in hopes of changing those results. In the end, the mob lost, and reality was certified. That result isn’t guaranteed in the future, and we now must choose if we want to continue on a path that will fray the fabric that holds us together or if we will rise to the occasion and let the stain fade as we have with other dark days in our history.As individuals, it’s our duty to listen to each other if we want to mend and heal our nation. If we do this together today, I can promise you tomorrow will be brighter in our United States."Insight" is a weekly column published by Kansas Farm Bureau, the state's largest farm organization whose mission is to strengthen agriculture and the lives of Kansans through advocacy, education and service.

Kansas Farm Bureau Insight: Strength of unity

CHS in McPherson raised its prices a dollar and a half on Friday. Kansas Common crude starts the week at $42.50 per barrel, the best price since February 19, 2020. After a long stretch of steady prices, we're now seeing a big bump at gas pumps across the country, and an even bigger bump locally. The statewide and national averages were up about three cents a gallon on the week, but local prices rose more than a dime in that same period. The statewide average in Kansas was $2.04 while the national average was just shy of $2.29 a gallon. Motorists in Hays and Great Bend were paying around $2.15 a gallon. There are just four states (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri) boasting average gasoline prices under two dollars a gallon. Baker Hughes reports its year-end rig count was less than half the total at the end of 2019.&nbsp; The weekly count on Friday jumped eight oil rigs and one gas rig for a total of 360 active rigs. New Mexico added four rigs and Oklahoma added one. Canada was up 58 to 117 rigs.&nbsp; Independent Oil &amp; Gas Service reports a 32% drop in its weekly Rig Count in Kansas, all in the eastern half of the state. The count east of Wichita went from ten last week to just three this week. In Western Kansas, the tally rose by one to ten active drilling rigs. The active rig count statewide at the end of 2020 was down 17% from the year-end total in 2019. Regulators in Kansas approved eight new drilling permits across the state during the week ending January 7th. Four of them are in eastern Kansas and four are west of Wichita, including one new permit in Russell County. The state saw 482 permits last year, less than half of the total in 2019. Independent Oil &amp; Gas Service reports six new well completions in the first of its weekly reports this year. Five of those were in western Kansas, including one dry hole in Barton County. Kansas ended the year 2019 with 785 newly-completed wells, compared to nearly twice that number the year before. Weekly crude inventories dropped eight million barrels. The Energy Information Administration Administration says stockpiles remain about nine percent above the five-year average for this time of year.&nbsp; EIA reports U.S. crude production rose 2,000 barrels per day during the final week of the year, to remain slightly above eleven million barrels per day for the sixth week in a row. Production a year ago was approaching 13 million barrels per day. U.S. crude oil imports rose by 43,000 barrels per day. The four-week average remains 18% below the same four-week period a year ago. The government's final weekly crude-storage analysis of the year shows the Cushing tank farm at 74% of capacity for the fourth week in a row. Storage usage reached a peak May 1st as prices crashed. Weekly oil-by-rail traffic was up slightly week over week, but still down more than 21% from a year ago. The Association of American Railroads reports 10,266 rail cars hauling petroleum or petroleum products for the week ending January 2nd. The trade group reports December's monthly total for oil-by-rail dropped by more than 10,000 carloads from a year ago, a decline of nearly 16 percent amid a decline of nearly four percent in all rail traffic. The world's largest international shipping association last week warned shippers to be on guard after Iran seized a South-Korea flagged tanker in the Strait of Hormuz. Iran took the vessel over alleged "oil pollution." South Korea has frozen seven billion dollars in Iranian oil funds held in a pair of Korean banks. Iran is demanding release of the money. Lawmakers in North Dakota have gotten used to huge new budgets as the state rose to become the second-biggest oil-producer in the country. Up until last year they hadn't needed to issue bonds to pay for large capital projects. But now, thanks to plunging revenues brought on by the coronavirus pandemic, they are moving ahead with infrastructure projects worth over two billion dollars, funded by bonds to be paid for with future oil-and-gas taxes.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/6/1592847975802.jpeg" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>By JOHN P. TRETBARCHS in McPherson raised its prices a dollar and a half on Friday. Kansas Common crude starts the week at $42.50 per barrel, the best price since February 19, 2020. After a long stretch of steady prices, we're now seeing a big bump at gas pumps across the country, and an even bigger bump locally. The statewide and national averages were up about three cents a gallon on the week, but local prices rose more than a dime in that same period. The statewide average in Kansas was $2.04 while the national average was just shy of $2.29 a gallon. Motorists in Hays and Great Bend were paying around $2.15 a gallon. There are just four states (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri) boasting average gasoline prices under two dollars a gallon. Baker Hughes reports its year-end rig count was less than half the total at the end of 2019.&nbsp; The weekly count on Friday jumped eight oil rigs and one gas rig for a total of 360 active rigs. New Mexico added four rigs and Oklahoma added one. Canada was up 58 to 117 rigs.&nbsp; Independent Oil &amp; Gas Service reports a 32% drop in its weekly Rig Count in Kansas, all in the eastern half of the state. The count east of Wichita went from ten last week to just three this week. In Western Kansas, the tally rose by one to ten active drilling rigs. The active rig count statewide at the end of 2020 was down 17% from the year-end total in 2019. Regulators in Kansas approved eight new drilling permits across the state during the week ending January 7th. Four of them are in eastern Kansas and four are west of Wichita, including one new permit in Russell County. The state saw 482 permits last year, less than half of the total in 2019. Independent Oil &amp; Gas Service reports six new well completions in the first of its weekly reports this year. Five of those were in western Kansas, including one dry hole in Barton County. Kansas ended the year 2019 with 785 newly-completed wells, compared to nearly twice that number the year before. Weekly crude inventories dropped eight million barrels. The Energy Information Administration Administration says stockpiles remain about nine percent above the five-year average for this time of year.&nbsp; EIA reports U.S. crude production rose 2,000 barrels per day during the final week of the year, to remain slightly above eleven million barrels per day for the sixth week in a row. Production a year ago was approaching 13 million barrels per day. U.S. crude oil imports rose by 43,000 barrels per day. The four-week average remains 18% below the same four-week period a year ago. The government's final weekly crude-storage analysis of the year shows the Cushing tank farm at 74% of capacity for the fourth week in a row. Storage usage reached a peak May 1st as prices crashed. Weekly oil-by-rail traffic was up slightly week over week, but still down more than 21% from a year ago. The Association of American Railroads reports 10,266 rail cars hauling petroleum or petroleum products for the week ending January 2nd. The trade group reports December's monthly total for oil-by-rail dropped by more than 10,000 carloads from a year ago, a decline of nearly 16 percent amid a decline of nearly four percent in all rail traffic. The world's largest international shipping association last week warned shippers to be on guard after Iran seized a South-Korea flagged tanker in the Strait of Hormuz. Iran took the vessel over alleged "oil pollution." South Korea has frozen seven billion dollars in Iranian oil funds held in a pair of Korean banks. Iran is demanding release of the money. Lawmakers in North Dakota have gotten used to huge new budgets as the state rose to become the second-biggest oil-producer in the country. Up until last year they hadn't needed to issue bonds to pay for large capital projects. But now, thanks to plunging revenues brought on by the coronavirus pandemic, they are moving ahead with infrastructure projects worth over two billion dollars, funded by bonds to be paid for with future oil-and-gas taxes.

News From the Oil Patch: Kansas oil prices reach 11-month highs

I have been a registered Republican since I was first eligible to vote. I have to say that I was appalled by the actions of the mob at the Capitol on Jan. 6. I was even more appalled by the fact that Trump incited this debacle. His lies about the election and his inability to admit that he legitimately lost the election have led to his supporters reprehensible behavior. For a party and president who continually state that they are all about law and order, this behavior shows that they do not really believe their own statements. All of the lies by this president and the numerous members of the Republicans in the House and Senate have led to a destroyed faith in our democracy.

I also hold these elected officials responsible for the state our country is currently in. When Trump was first elected, it was their responsibility to hold him in check. They did not do this. What they actually did was roll over and play dead for him. The only thing they really care about is maintaining their position in politics. They felt that bowing to any and everything Trump said or wanted would secure the elected positions they were so desperate to maintain. They showed little if any regard for all of the Americans they are supposed to represent.

It is my opinion that the infamous senators (Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Cindi Hyde-Smith, John Kennedy, Roger Marshall, Tommy Tuberville) greatly contributed to the attempted coup that occurred on Jan. 6. For their active participation regarding the lies concerning fraud in the election they should be expelled from the Senate.&nbsp;

How can you possibly claim fraud when you were elected on the same ballot with Trump? You claim fraud; does that mean that you were fraudulently elected?&nbsp; Or was it that only one small part of the entire ballot was fraudulent? That doesn’t even make sense.&nbsp;

I also feel there should be consequences for the numerous Republican representatives in the House. They too contributed to the travesty that led to the insurrection.

In 2016, I did not vote for Trump because I honestly did not feel he was qualified or fit to be the President of the United States. In 2020, my feelings were even stronger that he was unfit and unqualified to hold that position.

I am very proud that I can say that not only did I never vote for Trump but I also refused to vote for Roger Marshall.

I am equally proud that I did not support Roger Marshall. I found his behavior during the campaign despicable. His campaign ads were full of lies and innuendoes. Of course people never bother to fact-check any of his false claims. Marshall’s behavior since he was sworn into office is even more despicable.

Linda Leiker Hays Pam Shaffer Hays

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2020/2/1582312931775.png" alt="" />
 <figcaption></figcaption>
 </figure>To the editor:I have been a registered Republican since I was first eligible to vote. I have to say that I was appalled by the actions of the mob at the Capitol on Jan. 6. I was even more appalled by the fact that Trump incited this debacle. His lies about the election and his inability to admit that he legitimately lost the election have led to his supporters reprehensible behavior. For a party and president who continually state that they are all about law and order, this behavior shows that they do not really believe their own statements. All of the lies by this president and the numerous members of the Republicans in the House and Senate have led to a destroyed faith in our democracy.I also hold these elected officials responsible for the state our country is currently in. When Trump was first elected, it was their responsibility to hold him in check. They did not do this. What they actually did was roll over and play dead for him. The only thing they really care about is maintaining their position in politics. They felt that bowing to any and everything Trump said or wanted would secure the elected positions they were so desperate to maintain. They showed little if any regard for all of the Americans they are supposed to represent.It is my opinion that the infamous senators (Ted Cruz, Josh Hawley, Cindi Hyde-Smith, John Kennedy, Roger Marshall, Tommy Tuberville) greatly contributed to the attempted coup that occurred on Jan. 6. For their active participation regarding the lies concerning fraud in the election they should be expelled from the Senate.&nbsp;How can you possibly claim fraud when you were elected on the same ballot with Trump? You claim fraud; does that mean that you were fraudulently elected?&nbsp; Or was it that only one small part of the entire ballot was fraudulent? That doesn’t even make sense.&nbsp;I also feel there should be consequences for the numerous Republican representatives in the House. They too contributed to the travesty that led to the insurrection.In 2016, I did not vote for Trump because I honestly did not feel he was qualified or fit to be the President of the United States. In 2020, my feelings were even stronger that he was unfit and unqualified to hold that position.I am very proud that I can say that not only did I never vote for Trump but I also refused to vote for Roger Marshall.I am equally proud that I did not support Roger Marshall. I found his behavior during the campaign despicable. His campaign ads were full of lies and innuendoes. Of course people never bother to fact-check any of his false claims. Marshall’s behavior since he was sworn into office is even more despicable.Linda Leiker Hays Pam Shaffer Hays

LETTER: Trump, GOP and the consequences of Jan. 6

One of the many effects of the pandemic is as there may not be as many occasions to learn in an on sight forum, there are many online learning opportunities to take advantage of than ever before. My online presence has increased in the last year and I have also taken advantage of a good number of courses available to learn myself. This year, I will highlight online meetings that I will be hosting, as well as share meetings that are being held throughout the state that may be of interest. The first meeting I would like to highlight is from Chuck Otte in Geary County. Any given year there are always a good number of questions regarding leasing arrangements, and the Geary County program should be beneficial to anyone that leases ground or is looking to do so.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Agricultural Lease Meeting, Virtual Presentation&nbsp;

The Geary County Extension Office is hosting a video conference on agricultural leases on&nbsp;Wednesday, January 13th.&nbsp;&nbsp;The meeting will start at 7:00 p.m. and last 1 – 1½ hours.&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to participate you will need a computer, tablet or smart phone to join on the Zoom presentation. Geary County Extension Agent, Chuck Otte, will discuss various topics on agricultural leases including: the impact of the Kansas ag lease law, crop share leases, cash leases and the importance of communication. There is no charge for the session but, participants must email Otte to register so that the connection information and Zoom password can be provided. To sign up email Chuck at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cotte@ksu.edu">cotte@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and he will respond with the needed information. This virtual presentation will be recorded and will be made available for later viewing. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;

Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1573141354634.png" alt="Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District." />
 <figcaption>Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District.</figcaption>
 </figure>One of the many effects of the pandemic is as there may not be as many occasions to learn in an on sight forum, there are many online learning opportunities to take advantage of than ever before. My online presence has increased in the last year and I have also taken advantage of a good number of courses available to learn myself. This year, I will highlight online meetings that I will be hosting, as well as share meetings that are being held throughout the state that may be of interest. The first meeting I would like to highlight is from Chuck Otte in Geary County. Any given year there are always a good number of questions regarding leasing arrangements, and the Geary County program should be beneficial to anyone that leases ground or is looking to do so.&nbsp;&nbsp;Agricultural Lease Meeting, Virtual Presentation&nbsp;The Geary County Extension Office is hosting a video conference on agricultural leases on&nbsp;Wednesday, January 13th.&nbsp;&nbsp;The meeting will start at 7:00 p.m. and last 1 – 1½ hours.&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to participate you will need a computer, tablet or smart phone to join on the Zoom presentation. Geary County Extension Agent, Chuck Otte, will discuss various topics on agricultural leases including: the impact of the Kansas ag lease law, crop share leases, cash leases and the importance of communication. There is no charge for the session but, participants must email Otte to register so that the connection information and Zoom password can be provided. To sign up email Chuck at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cotte@ksu.edu">cotte@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;and he will respond with the needed information. This virtual presentation will be recorded and will be made available for later viewing. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.&nbsp;Alicia Boor is an Agriculture and Natural Resources agent in the Cottonwood District (which includes Barton and Ellis counties) for K-State Research and Extension. You can contact her by e-mail at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:aboor@ksu.edu">aboor@ksu.edu</a>&nbsp;or calling 620-793-1910&nbsp;

BOOR: Virtual session will focus on ag leases

By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development&nbsp;

“Connecting with consumers.” That’s a goal of many food companies, but today we’ll meet a young beef producer who has taken this idea to heart. She finds that delivering beef and communicating with families is the most rewarding part of her job.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Lettie McKinney is the founder of MC- Meat Company, which provides homegrown beef directly from the ranch to the consumer. The family brand, based on their last name, is pronounced “M C Bar.”&nbsp;

The McKinneys have farmed and raised cattle for decades in southwest Kansas since Lettie’s ancestors settled there in the 1920s. “My great-grandparents lived through the Dust Bowl and the Depression,” Lettie said. “We’re still here by the grace of God.” Today, she is part of the fourth generation on the ranch.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Lettie attended school in the nearby town of Manter and then Stanton County High School in Johnson. She earned her animal science degree at Oklahoma State University and then graduated from the Ranch Management program at Texas Christian University. Lettie worked at feedyards in Texas and Kansas before moving back home.&nbsp;

Today the McKinneys’ operation is evenly divided between crop farming and beef production, with about 150 momma cows.&nbsp;&nbsp;

In 2009, Lettie’s father Brad was diagnosed with a brain tumor. After surgery, it was found to be benign, but by a decade later, the disease had returned. Lettie moved back to the ranch to help.&nbsp;

She had already been thinking about how to generate more value from the family’s beef production. In 2018, she launched MC- Meat Company. This was a way of selling their beef direct to consumers.&nbsp;

“Every ounce of beef we sell is from a calf that is born and raised on our ranch,” Lettie said. “They don’t leave the place until we take them to be processed.” That creates a very direct supply chain and the opportunity for high quality control.&nbsp;

The McKinneys have upgraded their Hereford and Red Angus cattle, using Gardiner Angus bulls and others plus premium Japanese breeds. The finished product, called Brad’s Beef, is available at a couple of local grocery outlets, but is primarily sold online.&nbsp;

Brad’s Beef is available in the form of KC strip steaks, ribeyes, short ribs, farm-fresh ground beef, and more. Packages can include the ground beef bundle or what’s called the picnic basket. It is also possible to sign up in advance for shares such as a half, quarter, or full side of beef. The&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mcbarmeatco.com/">MC- website</a>offers hats and bags with the family brand, plus other products such as spices and rubs.&nbsp;

Along with placing orders online, customers can reach Lettie through social media. “People can call or message or text me, I’m on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/mcbarmeatco">Facebook</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/mcbarmeatco/">Instagram</a>,” Lettie said.&nbsp;

Of course, internet service is a game-changer for a business like this. “Pioneer Communications is our provider, and they are working on getting fiber optic cable to us,” Lettie said. Good broadband access opens up a world of opportunities for rural businesses. “The sky’s the limit,” Lettie said. “I can be in small town Kansas but service New York, New York.”&nbsp;

Delivery service is also vital. “Our UPS man is a lifesaver,” Lettie said. “I’ve been known to track him down in town.” MC- can pack and ship their beef by two-day air.&nbsp;

MC- Meat Company has shipped as far away as California and Wisconsin. Lettie also personally delivers beef in the region, and that is what she finds most rewarding.&nbsp;

“I like delivering beef,” Lettie said. “It’s nice to go into the customer’s home and share with the family. That’s something that I will always cherish.”&nbsp;

She said she likes sharing her family’s story and being transparent with consumers. “Just like them, I want safe, high-quality food,” Lettie said. It’s great to see this message come from near the rural community of Manter, population 171 people. Now, that’s rural.&nbsp;

For more information, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mcbarmeatco.com/">www.mcbarmeatco.com</a>.&nbsp;

Connecting with consumers. That’s not just a slogan, it is a way of life for Lettie McKinney at MC- Meat Company. She’s making a difference by building consumer connections.&nbsp;

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/1/1609942679045.png" alt="Lettie McKinney" />
 <figcaption>Lettie McKinney</figcaption>
 </figure>By RON WILSON Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development&nbsp;“Connecting with consumers.” That’s a goal of many food companies, but today we’ll meet a young beef producer who has taken this idea to heart. She finds that delivering beef and communicating with families is the most rewarding part of her job.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lettie McKinney is the founder of MC- Meat Company, which provides homegrown beef directly from the ranch to the consumer. The family brand, based on their last name, is pronounced “M C Bar.”&nbsp;The McKinneys have farmed and raised cattle for decades in southwest Kansas since Lettie’s ancestors settled there in the 1920s. “My great-grandparents lived through the Dust Bowl and the Depression,” Lettie said. “We’re still here by the grace of God.” Today, she is part of the fourth generation on the ranch.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lettie attended school in the nearby town of Manter and then Stanton County High School in Johnson. She earned her animal science degree at Oklahoma State University and then graduated from the Ranch Management program at Texas Christian University. Lettie worked at feedyards in Texas and Kansas before moving back home.&nbsp;Today the McKinneys’ operation is evenly divided between crop farming and beef production, with about 150 momma cows.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 2009, Lettie’s father Brad was diagnosed with a brain tumor. After surgery, it was found to be benign, but by a decade later, the disease had returned. Lettie moved back to the ranch to help.&nbsp;She had already been thinking about how to generate more value from the family’s beef production. In 2018, she launched MC- Meat Company. This was a way of selling their beef direct to consumers.&nbsp;“Every ounce of beef we sell is from a calf that is born and raised on our ranch,” Lettie said. “They don’t leave the place until we take them to be processed.” That creates a very direct supply chain and the opportunity for high quality control.&nbsp;The McKinneys have upgraded their Hereford and Red Angus cattle, using Gardiner Angus bulls and others plus premium Japanese breeds. The finished product, called Brad’s Beef, is available at a couple of local grocery outlets, but is primarily sold online.&nbsp;Brad’s Beef is available in the form of KC strip steaks, ribeyes, short ribs, farm-fresh ground beef, and more. Packages can include the ground beef bundle or what’s called the picnic basket. It is also possible to sign up in advance for shares such as a half, quarter, or full side of beef. The&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mcbarmeatco.com/">MC- website</a>offers hats and bags with the family brand, plus other products such as spices and rubs.&nbsp;Along with placing orders online, customers can reach Lettie through social media. “People can call or message or text me, I’m on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/mcbarmeatco">Facebook</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/mcbarmeatco/">Instagram</a>,” Lettie said.&nbsp;Of course, internet service is a game-changer for a business like this. “Pioneer Communications is our provider, and they are working on getting fiber optic cable to us,” Lettie said. Good broadband access opens up a world of opportunities for rural businesses. “The sky’s the limit,” Lettie said. “I can be in small town Kansas but service New York, New York.”&nbsp;Delivery service is also vital. “Our UPS man is a lifesaver,” Lettie said. “I’ve been known to track him down in town.” MC- can pack and ship their beef by two-day air.&nbsp;MC- Meat Company has shipped as far away as California and Wisconsin. Lettie also personally delivers beef in the region, and that is what she finds most rewarding.&nbsp;“I like delivering beef,” Lettie said. “It’s nice to go into the customer’s home and share with the family. That’s something that I will always cherish.”&nbsp;She said she likes sharing her family’s story and being transparent with consumers. “Just like them, I want safe, high-quality food,” Lettie said. It’s great to see this message come from near the rural community of Manter, population 171 people. Now, that’s rural.&nbsp;For more information, go to&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mcbarmeatco.com/">www.mcbarmeatco.com</a>.&nbsp;Connecting with consumers. That’s not just a slogan, it is a way of life for Lettie McKinney at MC- Meat Company. She’s making a difference by building consumer connections.&nbsp;

Now That’s Rural: Lettie McKinney, MC- Meat Company 

The insurrection against Congress this week placed in sharp focus the role — and fragility — of legislatures in the American governmental system.

Legislatures rarely require defining. Their composition and activities are straightforward as “a deliberative body of [elected] persons.”

But after a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s worthwhile to assess whether our state legislatures and our Congress can effectively function as legislative bodies.&nbsp;

In legislatures, we see a gathering of elected representatives, most of whom hail from outside the capital city.&nbsp; But it’s far more than that as last week’s attack demonstrated.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Take the Kansas Legislature, which consists of 165 lawmakers, a substantial number of permanent staff (Revisor’s Office, Legislative Research, etc.), the security force, journalists, lobbyists who represent thousands of interests, groups that come to the capitol to make a host of statements, individual citizens who have specific policy goals to present, and members of the executive branch and departments who regularly interact with legislators.

In sum, the Legislature is our only institution that brings together a wide array of elected officials, reporters, staff, lobbyists speaking for others, members of the executive branch, and citizens.

Far more than the Kansas Supreme Court or the Governor, the Legislature stands as the permeable branch of government, open to all.&nbsp;

Moreover, legislatures are defined by their “deliberative” capacity.&nbsp; That is, lawmakers, whether in committees, on the floor of their chambers or through informal gatherings, regularly interact with each other and deliberate over policy choices that may become law.&nbsp; Deliberation necessarily precedes decision-making, which produces laws.&nbsp; Nothing could be more serious.

Enter the pandemic.&nbsp; Aside from a terrorist attack or a mob insurrection, it’s hard to imagine anything that challenges the legislative process so profoundly, to the point of damaging the very essence of a legislature.

At its core, legislating is highly personal and requires continuing conversations among many participants.&nbsp; No matter what accommodations are implemented, legislatures simply cannot replace the intimate nature of law-making, whether in a committee room, a hallway conversation, or an evening social setting, where much business is actually conducted.

Social distancing within the legislative process denies members private conversations; limiting discussions between legislators, constituents, and interest groups means that representation is made more difficult, with less likelihood of meaningful exchanges.

I have great sympathy for legislative leaders, as they try to construct a setting that least obstructs the regular legislative process, within the bounds of constitutional mandates.&nbsp; At the same time, legislatures depend heavily on the observance of norms, the kind of informal understandings that facilitate the difficult process of law-making.&nbsp;

In a partisan era, many norms have weakened, and when legislators are confronted with new quandaries — whether to wear a mask or not, for example — they have little common ground to fall back upon, especially when formal leaders will not or cannot create clear new rules.&nbsp; Thus, in an already fraught situation, distrust likely increases.

What should legislators do?&nbsp; In Kansas, they might consider deferring their session until all participants are vaccinated, perhaps by mid-February.&nbsp; This seems sensible, but unlikely, given the central fact of life in contemporary legislatures — the &nbsp;highly uneven and partisan distribution of power.

Given less opportunity for discourse and informal discussion, formal leaders control more information and wield more power.&nbsp; As long as they hold these advantages, don’t expect much effective adaptation or delay, even as legislatures veer far from their role as deliberative, in-person assemblies.

Burdett Loomis is an emeritus professor at the University of Kansas.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2019/11/1574348610067.jpeg" alt="Burdett Loomis is an emeritus professor at the University of Kansas." />
 <figcaption>Burdett Loomis is an emeritus professor at the University of Kansas.</figcaption>
 </figure>The insurrection against Congress this week placed in sharp focus the role — and fragility — of legislatures in the American governmental system.Legislatures rarely require defining. Their composition and activities are straightforward as “a deliberative body of [elected] persons.”But after a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s worthwhile to assess whether our state legislatures and our Congress can effectively function as legislative bodies.&nbsp;In legislatures, we see a gathering of elected representatives, most of whom hail from outside the capital city.&nbsp; But it’s far more than that as last week’s attack demonstrated.&nbsp;&nbsp;Take the Kansas Legislature, which consists of 165 lawmakers, a substantial number of permanent staff (Revisor’s Office, Legislative Research, etc.), the security force, journalists, lobbyists who represent thousands of interests, groups that come to the capitol to make a host of statements, individual citizens who have specific policy goals to present, and members of the executive branch and departments who regularly interact with legislators.In sum, the Legislature is our only institution that brings together a wide array of elected officials, reporters, staff, lobbyists speaking for others, members of the executive branch, and citizens.Far more than the Kansas Supreme Court or the Governor, the Legislature stands as the permeable branch of government, open to all.&nbsp;Moreover, legislatures are defined by their “deliberative” capacity.&nbsp; That is, lawmakers, whether in committees, on the floor of their chambers or through informal gatherings, regularly interact with each other and deliberate over policy choices that may become law.&nbsp; Deliberation necessarily precedes decision-making, which produces laws.&nbsp; Nothing could be more serious.Enter the pandemic.&nbsp; Aside from a terrorist attack or a mob insurrection, it’s hard to imagine anything that challenges the legislative process so profoundly, to the point of damaging the very essence of a legislature.At its core, legislating is highly personal and requires continuing conversations among many participants.&nbsp; No matter what accommodations are implemented, legislatures simply cannot replace the intimate nature of law-making, whether in a committee room, a hallway conversation, or an evening social setting, where much business is actually conducted.Social distancing within the legislative process denies members private conversations; limiting discussions between legislators, constituents, and interest groups means that representation is made more difficult, with less likelihood of meaningful exchanges.I have great sympathy for legislative leaders, as they try to construct a setting that least obstructs the regular legislative process, within the bounds of constitutional mandates.&nbsp; At the same time, legislatures depend heavily on the observance of norms, the kind of informal understandings that facilitate the difficult process of law-making.&nbsp;In a partisan era, many norms have weakened, and when legislators are confronted with new quandaries — whether to wear a mask or not, for example — they have little common ground to fall back upon, especially when formal leaders will not or cannot create clear new rules.&nbsp; Thus, in an already fraught situation, distrust likely increases.What should legislators do?&nbsp; In Kansas, they might consider deferring their session until all participants are vaccinated, perhaps by mid-February.&nbsp; This seems sensible, but unlikely, given the central fact of life in contemporary legislatures — the &nbsp;highly uneven and partisan distribution of power.Given less opportunity for discourse and informal discussion, formal leaders control more information and wield more power.&nbsp; As long as they hold these advantages, don’t expect much effective adaptation or delay, even as legislatures veer far from their role as deliberative, in-person assemblies.Burdett Loomis is an emeritus professor at the University of Kansas.

INSIGHT KANSAS: What is a legislature?

By DANIEL MCCLURE Fort Hays State University

A recent <a href="https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/npr-misinformation-123020">poll by NPR/Ipsos</a> outlines the new reality for the United States: Conspiracies have entered the mainstream of political thought.

<a href="https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2020-12/topline_npr_misinformation_poll_123020.pdf">More than one in three Americans</a>
 embrace the idea of a “deep state” seeking to undermine President 
Donald Trump, and 40% believe “COVID-19 was created in a lab in China.” 
When asked whether “a group of Satan-worshipping elites who run a child 
sex ring are trying to control our politics and media,” only 47% said it
 was false, while 37% were “unsure whether this theory backed by QAnon 
is true or false” and 17% “believe it’s true.”

As Joe Biden assumes the 
presidency, this hyper-polarization doesn’t look good. At the same time,
 conspiracy theories are at the root of United States history, including
 in Kansas. One of the driving forces of the American Revolution was the
 conspiracy suggesting the British were going to deprive the colonists 
of their liberties — particularly the right to enslave, as the abolition
 of slavery in the British empire became increasingly inevitable.

As Kansans cautiously enter 2021, historian <a href="https://history.uoregon.edu/profile/jostler/">Jeffrey Ostler</a>’s work on conspiracy theories during the state’s populist movement of the 1890s helps make sense of the seemingly insensible.

Dismissing psychological 
reasons for conspiracies, Ostler approaches them as a core element of 
politics rooted in the idea of liberty, individual rights, the 
sovereignty of the people, and virtuous citizens performing civic duties
 — i.e., “republican virtues” (republican with a small R). Just as 
today’s world of wealth concentration and technological surveillance 
provokes a nation of anxious people worried about losing their sovereign
 rights, Kansas populists also believed their individual liberties were 
threatened by forces out of their control.

In attempting to create a 
third political party, Kansas populist leaders embraced a conspiracy 
theory drawn from Sarah E. V. Emery’s “<a href="https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203947">Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People</a>”
 (printed in various editions between 1887 and 1896) to mobilize people.
 This pamphlet targeted the GOP — the dominant party in Kansas in the 
late 19th century — charging it with aiding nefarious forces that had 
supposedly pushed Kansans from being independent and prosperous people 
into a new life of “unremitting, half-requited toil.”

In response to genuine 
economic realities, Kansas populists saw their republican virtues under 
attack from these nefarious forces. In particular, Emery’s pamphlet 
charged Wall Street with seizing the national economy in the wake of the
 Civil War, as well as older national villains, such as the English, in 
accomplishing this anti-republican putsch. Drawing off still smoldering 
Jacksonian ideas about the “money power” of banks and their danger 
towards liberties, the new conspiracy drew on what Ostler suggests was 
“the need for a new antimonopoly party.” Emery’s conspiracy provided a 
balm for the patchwork of anxieties imagining the death of the republic.

Rather than simply 
dismissing beliefs in conspiracies, Ostler highlights how embracing 
conspiracy theories reflected the political impotency, economic hardship
 and indifference from mainstream political parties felt by many Kansas 
farmers and workers between the 1870s and 1890s. Emery’s pamphlet 
“helped explain the GOP’s intransigence” and was not simply a product of
 simplistic psychological naivety. Rather, it justified “political 
independence” from the GOP.

<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/1/1610139898275.png" alt="The scene at the Kansas Statehouse in Topeka on Feb. 15, 1893. According to the Kansas State Historical Society, a mob gathered "after an attempt to disarm a member of the militia during the Populist War. This dispute began when both the Republican and Populist parties claimed victory in the Kansas House elections in 1892. A number of contests were still being disputed when the legislative session began in January 1893. The conflict between the parties reached a crisis when the Populists locked themselves in the House Hall. The Republicans used a sledgehammer to break down the doors to the hall." (kansasmemory.org/Kansas State Historical Society)" />
 <figcaption>The scene at the Kansas Statehouse in Topeka on Feb. 15, 1893. According to the Kansas State Historical Society, a mob gathered "after an attempt to disarm a member of the militia during the Populist War. This dispute began when both the Republican and Populist parties claimed victory in the Kansas House elections in 1892. A number of contests were still being disputed when the legislative session began in January 1893. The conflict between the parties reached a crisis when the Populists locked themselves in the House Hall. The Republicans used a sledgehammer to break down the doors to the hall." (kansasmemory.org/Kansas State Historical Society)</figcaption>
 </figure>By DANIEL MCCLURE Fort Hays State UniversityA recent <a href="https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/npr-misinformation-123020">poll by NPR/Ipsos</a> outlines the new reality for the United States: Conspiracies have entered the mainstream of political thought.<a href="https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2020-12/topline_npr_misinformation_poll_123020.pdf">More than one in three Americans</a>
 embrace the idea of a “deep state” seeking to undermine President 
Donald Trump, and 40% believe “COVID-19 was created in a lab in China.” 
When asked whether “a group of Satan-worshipping elites who run a child 
sex ring are trying to control our politics and media,” only 47% said it
 was false, while 37% were “unsure whether this theory backed by QAnon 
is true or false” and 17% “believe it’s true.”As Joe Biden assumes the 
presidency, this hyper-polarization doesn’t look good. At the same time,
 conspiracy theories are at the root of United States history, including
 in Kansas. One of the driving forces of the American Revolution was the
 conspiracy suggesting the British were going to deprive the colonists 
of their liberties — particularly the right to enslave, as the abolition
 of slavery in the British empire became increasingly inevitable.As Kansans cautiously enter 2021, historian <a href="https://history.uoregon.edu/profile/jostler/">Jeffrey Ostler</a>’s work on conspiracy theories during the state’s populist movement of the 1890s helps make sense of the seemingly insensible.Dismissing psychological 
reasons for conspiracies, Ostler approaches them as a core element of 
politics rooted in the idea of liberty, individual rights, the 
sovereignty of the people, and virtuous citizens performing civic duties
 — i.e., “republican virtues” (republican with a small R). Just as 
today’s world of wealth concentration and technological surveillance 
provokes a nation of anxious people worried about losing their sovereign
 rights, Kansas populists also believed their individual liberties were 
threatened by forces out of their control.In attempting to create a 
third political party, Kansas populist leaders embraced a conspiracy 
theory drawn from Sarah E. V. Emery’s “<a href="https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/203947">Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People</a>”
 (printed in various editions between 1887 and 1896) to mobilize people.
 This pamphlet targeted the GOP — the dominant party in Kansas in the 
late 19th century — charging it with aiding nefarious forces that had 
supposedly pushed Kansans from being independent and prosperous people 
into a new life of “unremitting, half-requited toil.”<figure>
 <img src="https://media.eaglewebservices.com/public/2021/1/1610139965047.jpeg" alt="Sarah E. V. Emery’s “Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People” targeted the Kansas GOP in the late nineteenth century, charging it with aiding nefarious forces that had supposedly pushed Kansans from being independent and prosperous people into a new life of “unremitting, half-requited toil.”" />
 <figcaption>Sarah E. V. Emery’s “Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People” targeted the Kansas GOP in the late nineteenth century, charging it with aiding nefarious forces that had supposedly pushed Kansans from being independent and prosperous people into a new life of “unremitting, half-requited toil.”</figcaption>
 </figure>In response to genuine 
economic realities, Kansas populists saw their republican virtues under 
attack from these nefarious forces. In particular, Emery’s pamphlet 
charged Wall Street with seizing the national economy in the wake of the
 Civil War, as well as older national villains, such as the English, in 
accomplishing this anti-republican putsch. Drawing off still smoldering 
Jacksonian ideas about the “money power” of banks and their danger 
towards liberties, the new conspiracy drew on what Ostler suggests was 
“the need for a new antimonopoly party.” Emery’s conspiracy provided a 
balm for the patchwork of anxieties imagining the death of the republic.Rather than simply 
dismissing beliefs in conspiracies, Ostler highlights how embracing 
conspiracy theories reflected the political impotency, economic hardship
 and indifference from mainstream political parties felt by many Kansas 
farmers and workers between the 1870s and 1890s. Emery’s pamphlet 
“helped explain the GOP’s intransigence” and was not simply a product of
 simplistic psychological naivety. Rather, it justified “political 
independence” from the GOP.These familiar patterns offer a starting point for bipartisan engagement.Ostler points to one 
inconvenient political truth for 21st century U.S. politics. A key 
element of unrest in Kansas was the populists’ complex relationship to 
capitalism and the American republic: They “accepted some aspects of a 
market economy, but they invoked ideals of liberty and independence to 
denounce monopoly, speculation, inequality of wealth, and deferential 
politics.”<a href="https://kansasreflector.com/2020/09/23/were-so-close-to-civil-war-everyone-can-smell-the-smoke/">Today’s polarization</a>
 and embrace of Trumpian conspiracies reflects a similar unrest, as many
 people struggle within an economic system put in place by conservatives
 in the 1980s that has largely failed to deliver to the constituents 
supporting the GOP. Only the rich have prospered. Meanwhile, Democrats 
fail to capitalize on this discontent because they, too, were complicit.Struggling to overturn 
conspiracies appears to only harden the lines of polarization. If Kansas
 progressives, Democrats and Republicans want to seek some sort of 
dialogue with folks more inclined to view <a href="https://kansasreflector.com/2020/12/04/why-students-in-an-emporia-state-alternative-facts-class-are-not-happy-with-their-elders/">QAnon as the gospel truth</a>, they must invest party resources in outreach addressing concrete needs.They should critique the 
concentration of wealth — what populists called “monopoly” — and focus 
on ways to keep money circulating through local communities via the 
support of small business and farmers who do not receive generous 
subsidies. And they should embrace infrastructure development aimed 
toward the needs of the 95% rather than the 1%.These policies should be transparent and constructive. This is the way out — and this is progress.Daniel Robert McClure is an assistant professor of United States history at Fort Hays State University. His scholarship explores the history of conservatism, capitalism, popular media and African American history. McClure’s forthcoming book, "Winter in America: A Cultural History of Neoliberalism, from the Sixties to the Reagan Revolution," will be published in 2021 by the University of North Carolina Press. Republished courtesy the <a href="https://kansasreflector.com/2021/01/08/kansas-history-suggests-a-path-away-from-conspiracy-theories-and-their-violent-mobs/">Kansas Reflector</a>.

Opinion